A NEW 



GAZETTEER, 



OR 



GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 



OF 



NORTH AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES, 



CONTAINING 



I.— A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF NORTH AMERICA. II.— A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF 
THE UNITED STATES; THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AND CONSTITU- 
TION OF THE UNITED STATES. III.— A DESCRIPTION OF ALL THE STATES, 
COUNTIES, CITIES, TOWNS, VILLAGES, FORTS, SEAS, HARBORS, 
CAPES, RIVERS, LAKES, CANALS, RAIL-ROADS, MOUNTAINS, &c. 



CONNECTED WITH NORTH AMERICA; 



WITH THE EXTENT, BOUNDARIES AND NATURAL PRODUCTIONS OF EACH STATE ; THE BEARING AND DISTANCE 
OT REMARKABLE PLACES FROM EACH OTHER AND OF EACH FROM THE CITY OF WASHINGTON 
WITH THE POPULATION ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS OF 183a 



CONTAINING 



LIKEWISE MANY TABLES RELATING TO THE COMMERCE. POPULATION. REVENUE, 
DEBT, AND VARIOUS INSTITUTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



COMPILED FROIYI THE MOST RECENT AND AUTHENTIC SOURCES 



BY BISHOP DAVENPORT. 




PUBLISHED BY GEORGE M'DOWELL. 



1835 



'"3 843 



Entered according to the act of congress, in the year 1832, by George 
M'Dowell & George H. M'Dowell, in the clerk's office of the district court of 
Maryland. 



STEREOTYPED BY J, HOWE. 




PREFACE. 

— 

That a good Gazetteer of North America is much needed at the 
present time, will, it is presumed, not be denied. But whether this 
volume answers to that description, must remain for an enlightened 
public to decide. The compiler has aimed to collect such a mass of 
geographical and other information, in regard to North America, as 
will not only render the book useful in families and to individuals as one 
of reference, but such as may likewise be of utility to the higher classes 
in schools. The work, it is presumed, will be found to be much more 
full in regard to the United States, than any gazetteer extant. Par- 
ticular care has been taken to give a full account of the literary re- 
sources of the United States ; and the accounts of the various colleges 
and seminaries of learning will be found to be much more full than 
those in gazetteers in general. 

In the compilation of this volume, the following works have been 
largely consulted, and numerous extracts, with slight alterations, 
taken : viz. Malte Brun's Geography, Morse's and Worcester's ge- 
ograpical works, Darby's Universal Gazetteer, Flint's Geography, Na- 
tional Calendar for 1831 and 1832, American Almanac for 1831 and 
1832, Niles's Weekly Register, American Constitutions, American En- 
cyclopedia, and the various state registers. In addition to the above, 
the compiler has obtained information from a great variety of sources, 
too numerous to be specified. Particular care has been taken to have 
the information made use of in this work, the most recent and authen- 
tic that could be obtained. The names of the different persons from 
whose works extracts have been made, are not annexed to those ex- 
tracts, because in some instances the phraseology has been altered ; 
and hi that case it might be considered an act of injustice, as it would 
ascribe to the individual named that which is not his own, and for 
which he should not be answerable. 

With this brief notice the work is submitted to the inspection of an 
intelligent public. 

BISHOP DAVENPORT. 



ABBREVIATIONS MADE USE OF IN THIS WORK. 



Del. 
D. C. 
isl. 

n. 

In. 
Ken. 
La. 
L. C. 



CO. 



Ct. or Con. 



cap. 
C. H. 



bor. 



Borough. 

Capital. 

Court House, 

County. 

Connecticut. 

Delaware. 

District of Columbia. 

Island. 

Illinois. 

Indiana. 

Kentucky. 

Louisiana. 

Lower Canada. 



Md. Maryland. 
N. H. New Hampshire. 
N. C. North Carolina. 
N. J. New Jersey. 
N. Y. New York. 
No. Number. 



m. Miles, 
Mass. Massachusetts. 
Me. Maine. 
Mich. Michigan. 
Mis. Mississippi. 
Miso. Missouri, 
mt. Mountain. 



Pa. Pennsylvania. 

Pop. Population. 

r. River. 

R. I. Rhode Island. 

S. C. South Carolina. 

s-p. Seaport town. 

sq. ms. Square miles. 

Ten. Tennessee. 

t Town or Township. 

Va. Virginia. 

U. S. United States. 

v. Village. 

Vt Vermont. 



EXPLANATORY NOTE. 



When the population is expressed without a date, it is for 1830. 

In the six New England states, and also in the state of New York* New Jersey, 
Pennsylvania, and Ohio, the counties are subdivided into townships, and in Delaware, 
into hundreds ; but in the rest of the states no such subdivision as that of township is 
known. 

In the New England states these townships are commonly styled towns. They 
differ considerably in size; generally varying from about 5 to 6 miles square. In 
South Carolina the state is divided into districts instead of counties, and in Louisiana 
these divisions are termed parishes. In New England the principal village almost 
always takes the name of the township in which it is situated. In the states of New 
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, the towns or villages commonly take dif- 
ferent names from the townships in which they are situated. In the states south of 
Pennsylvania, and the Ohio river, the word town is used for a compact collection of 
houses. 



NORTH AMERICA. 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION. 

North America extends from the Isthmus of Darien, N. lat. 8° Extent 
lo the utmost known regions of the north, and spreads from Beh- 
ring's Straits to those of Bellisle, or rather, to embrace Greenland. Its breadth 
is very irregular, not exceeding 15 or 20 miles near Panama ; whilst from Beh- 
ring's Straits to the Straits of Bellisle, it extends to a distance of 3,300 geo- 
graphical, or 3,800 English miles, bearing N. 76° W. From the Straits of 
Bellisle to the isthmus of Darien, is 4,500 geographical, equal to 5212 English 
miles. 

North America is traversed by two great chains, and several minor Mountains 
ranges of mountains. The Appalachian or Alleghany mountains, 
extend through the United States from NE. to SW. from the state of New York 
to Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, with a mean width of about 50 miles. 
Several detached ranges or groups rise NE. off the Hudson, and SE. off the 
St. Lawrence. The Masserne, or Ozark mountains, extend from the centre of 
the state of Missouri towards Texas, in a direction nearly parallel to the Appa- 
lachian chain. The length of the Appalachian is about 900 miles, with a mean 
elevation of from 1,200 to 2,000 feet. The extent of the Masserne chain, is 
not very accurately known, but must exceed 600 miles ; its mean height can- 
not, in the present state of geographical knowledge, be estimated with any ap- 
proximate degree of accuracy. The great spine of North America, is the Chip- 
pewan, Rocky, or as it is termed in Mexico, that of Anahuac. This immense 
chain reaches from the peninsula of Tehuantepec, N. lat. 16°, to the Frozen 
Ocean at N. lat. 68°, or through upwards of 50 degrees of latitude ; encircling 
nearly one-seventh part of the globe. In neither the Appalachian, or Masserne 
chains, nor in any of their neighboring groups, have any active or extinct vol- 
canoes been discovered ; but in the southern part of the great central chain, an 
immense range of volcanoes or volcanic summits rise to from 10,000 to 17,700 
feet. It is generally supposed that the mountains of the isthmus of Darien, are 
continuations of the chain of Anahuac ; but there is strong reason to believe, 
that the former are distinct and unconnected with the latter. A nameless range 
skirts along the Pacific Ocean, which, from the defective surveys yet taken, 
cannot be very distinctly delineated. That part of North America west of the 
Chippewan mountains, and north of Colorado river, except the central parts of 
the valley of Columbia, remains either imperfectly or entirely unknown. 

North America has five great systems of rivers ; that of the At- 
lantic Ocean ; that of the Gulf of Mexico ; that of the Frozen Ocean ; lveri ' 
that of Hudson's Bay ; and that of the Pacific Ocean. In the Atlantic system, 
the principal rivers are, St. Johns of Florida, Altamaha, Savannah, Santee, 
Pedee, Cape Fear, Roanoke, James, Potomac, Susquehanna, Delaware, Hudson, 
Connecticut, Kenebec, Penobscot, St. John's of New Brunswick, and St. Law- 
rence. In the system of Hudson's Bay are included, besides many streams of 
lesser note, Rupert's, Albany, Severn, and Sashasshawin rivers. Into the North- 
ern Ocean, M'Kenzie's river is the only stream of considerable magnitude yet 
known, to enter from the continent of North America. The rivers of the cen- 
tral valley of North America, are discharged into the Gulf of Mexico, amongst 
which the Mississippi presents its overwhelming flood ; but besides that vast 
river, the Appalachicola, Mobile, Colorado of the Gulf of Mexico, Rio Grande 
del Norte, and several others, are streams of great magnitude. The Santiago, 
Hiaqui, the Colorado of the gulf of California, and the Columbia, are the only 



6 , GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF 

extensive rivers, the courses of which are correctly known, which enter the 
Pacific Ocean from the continent of North America. 

Divisions North America comprises three great divisions ; 1st, British Amer 
ica, in the north ; 2d, the United States, in the middle ; and 3d 
Mexico and Guatimala, or Central America, in the south : in addition to these 
Greenland, in the north-east, belongs to Denmark ; and there are Russian pos- 
sessions in the north-west. 

islands ^ e most important islands are Newfoundland, Cape Breton, St. 

John's, Rhode Island, Long Island, and the Bermudas, on the east- 
ern coast 5 Queen Charlotte's Island, Quadra and Vancouver's Island, King- 
George's Island, and the Fox Islands, on the western coast. 
Bays, Gulfs, The five largest Bays, or Gulfs, are Baffin's and Hudson's bays ; 

and Lakes. an( j the gulfs of St. Lawrence, Mexico, and California. The Lakes 
of North America are the largest collections of fresh water in the world. Some 
of the principal ones are lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario, Win- 
nipeg, Athapescow, Slave Lake, and Great Bear Lake. The largest of these 
great lakes is lake Superior, which is 490 miles in length, and is as much af- 
fected by storms as the ocean. It is remarkable for the transparency of its 
waters, and abounds in fish. The Pictured Rocks, on the south side of lake 
Superior, are a range of precipitous cliffs, rising to the height of 300 feet, and 
are regarded as a great curiosity. 

inhabitants ^ e mna °i tants ma y be divided into three classes — Whites, Ne- 
groes, and Indians. The whites are descendants of Europeans i 
who have migrated to America since its discovery. The negroes are mostly 
held in slavery, and are descendants of Africans forced from their native 
country. 

Indians ^ e Indians are the aborigines of the country, and generally 
savage. They are of a copper complexion, fierce aspect, tall, 
straight, athletic, and capable of enduring great fatigue. They are hospitable 
and generous, faithful in their friendship, but implacable in their resentments. 
Their common occupations are hunting, fishing, and war. At the time of the 
discovery of America, the natives, in some parts, particularly in Mexico and 
Peru, were considerably advanced in civilization. For the most part, they con- 
tinue a distinct people, and retain their savage customs ; but in some instances 
they have mingled with the white population. In North America, they possess 
almost all the country, except the southern and eastern parts ; that is, the north- 
ern part of Mexico, most of the territory of the United States which lies west 
of the Mississippi, and nearly all the vast regions which lie north of the United 
States' territory, and west of the St. Lawrence. 

Customs The following account is mostly taken from the American Ency- 
and Dispo- clopedia : — When the Europeans first arrived in America, they 
n! American found the Indians quite naked, except those parts which even the 

Indians. mos t uncultivated people usually conceal. Since that time, however, 
they generally use a coarse blanket, which they buy of the neighboring planters. 

Their huts, or cabins, are made of stakes of wood driven into 
u s ' c * the ground, and covered with branches of trees or reeds. They lie 
on the floor, either on mats or the skins of wild beasts. Their dishes are of 
timber ; but their spoons are made of the skulls of wild oxen, and their knives 
of flint. A kettle and a large plate constitute almost the whole utensils of the 
family. Cartwright assures us, that in Labrador, he met with a family of na- 
tives who were living in a cavern hollowed out of the snow. This extraordi- 
nary habitation was seven feet high, ten or twelve in diameter, and was shaped 
like an oven. A large piece of ice served as a door. A lamp lighted the in- 
side, in which the inhabitants were lying on skins. At a short distance was a 
kitchen, likewise constructed of snow. They describe a circle on the frozen 
snow, and cutting it into segments with their knives, build it up with great reg- 



NORTH AMERICA. 



1 



uiarity, till the blocks of snow meet at the top, and constitute a graceful dome. 
Captain Parry says their huts are numerous in many parts of Melville Islands, 
in latitude 74° N., and that he saw many of the natives in the islands of the 
Archipelago of Barrow's Straits, though their timidity prevented any inter- 
course. These polar men are little, squat, and feeble ; their complexion par- 
takes less of a copper hue, than of a reddish and dirty yellow. 

There is established in each society a certain species of govern- Form of 
ment, which prevails over the whole continent of America, with ex- Government, 
ceeding little variation ; because over the whole of this continent the manners 
and way of life are nearly similar and uniform. Without arts, riches, or lux- 
ury, the great instruments of subjection in polished societies, an American has 
no method by which he can render himself considerable among his compan- 
ions, but by superiority in personal qualities of body or mind. But, as nature 
has not been very lavish in her personal distinctions, where all enjoy the same 
education, all are pretty much on an equality, and will desire to remain so. 
Liberty, therefore, is the prevailing passion of the Americans ; and their gov- 
ernment, under the influence of this sentiment, is, perhaps, better secured than 
by the wisest political regulations. They are very far, however, from despi- 
sing all sort of authority : they are attentive to the voice of wisdom, which ex- 
perience has conferred on the aged, and they enlist under the banners of the 
chief in whose valor and military address they have learned to repose a just 
and merited confidence. In every society, therefore, there is to be considered 
the power of the chiefs and of the elders. Among those tribes most engaged in 
war, the power of the chief is, naturally, predominant ; because the idea of 
having a military leader was the first source of his superiority, and the con- 
tinual exigencies of the state requiring such a leader, will continue to support 
and even to enhance it. His power, however, is rather persuasive than coer- 
cive ; he is reverenced as a father, rather than feared as a monarch. He has 
no guards, no prisons, no officers of justice, and one act of ill-judged violence 
would pull him from his humble throne. The elders in the other form of gov- 
ernment, which may be considered as a mild and nominal aristocracy, have no 
more power. In most countries, therefore, age alone is sufficient for acquiring 
respect, influence, and authority. It is age which teaches experience, and ex- 
perience is the only source of knowledge among a savage people. 

Among the different tribes, business is conducted with the utmost public As- 
simplicity, and which may recall, to those who are acquainted with s embiies. 
antiquity, a picture of the most early ages. The heads of families meet to- 
gether in a house or cabin appointed for the purpose. Here the business is dis- 
cussed ; and here those of the nation, distinguished for their eloquence or wis- 
dom, have an opportunity of displaying those talents. Their orators, like those 
of Homer, express themselves in a bold figurative style, stronger than refined, 
or rather softened, nations can well bear, and with gestures equally violent, but 
often extremely natural and expressive. When the business is over, and they 
happen to be well provided with food, they appoint a feast upon the occasion, 
of which almost the whole nation partakes. The feast is accompanied with a 
song, in which the real or fabulous exploits of their forefathers are celebrated. 
They have dances likewise, though, like those of the Greeks and Romans, they 
are chiefly of the military kind; and their music and dancing accompany 
every feast. 

To assist their memory, they have belts of small shells, or beads wampum, 
of different colors, each representing a different object, which is or belts - 
marked by their color and arrangement. At the conclusion of every subject 
on which they discourse, when they treat with a foreign state, they deliver one 
of those belts ; for if this ceremony should be omitted, all that they have said 
passes for nothing. These belts are carefully deposited in each town, as the 



8 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF 



public records of the nation; and to them they occasionally have recourse, 
when any public contest happens with a neighboring tribe. 
The r Wars ^ we exce P t nuntm g an d fishing, war is the principal employ - 
eir a 9 ' ment of the Indian men : almost every other concern, but in partic- 
ular the little agriculture which they enjoy, is consigned to the women. The 
most common motive of the Americans for entering into war, when it does not 
arise from an accidental rencounter or interference, is either to revenge them- 
selves for the death of some lost friend, or to acquire prisoners, who may assist 
them in their hunting, and whom they adopt into their society. These wars 
are either undertaken by some private adventurers, or at the instance of the 
whole community. In the latter case, all the young men who are disposed to 
go out to battle (for no one is compelled contrary to his inclination), give a bit 
of wood to the chief, as a token of their design to accompany him ; for every 
thing among these people is transacted with a great deal of ceremony and with 
many forms. 

The chief, who is to conduct them, fasts several days, during 
before setting which time he converses with no one, and is particularly careful to 
out< observe his dreams ; which the presumption natural to savages gen- 
erally renders as favorable as he could desire. A variety of other superstitions 
and ceremonies are observed. One of the most hideous is setting the war kettle 
on the fire, as an emblem that they are going out to devour their enemies ; which 
among these nations, it is probable, was formerly the case, since they still con- 
tinue to express it in clear terms, and use an emblem significant of the ancient 
usage. Then, they dispatch a porcelain, or large shell, to their allies, inviting 
them to come along, and drink the blood of their enemies. They think 
that those in their alliance must not only adopt their enmities, but that they 
must also have their resentments wound up to the same pitch with themselves : 
and indeed no people carry their friendships or their resentments so far as they 
do. Having finished all the ceremonies previous to the war, and the day ap- 
pointed for their setting out on the expedition being arrived, they take leave of 
their friends, and exchange their clothes, or whatever movables they have, in 
token of mutual friendship ; after which they proceed from the town, their wives 
and female relations walking before, and attending them to some distance. 
The warriors march all dressed in their finest apparel, and most showy orna- 
ments, without any order. The chief walks slowly before them, singing the 
war-song, while the rest observe the most profound silence. When they come 
up to their women, they deliver them all their finery, and putting on their worst 
clothes, proceed on their expedition. 

Quickness of The great qualities of an Indian war are vigilance and attention, 
their senses. j- 0 gj ve an( j aY0 [^ surprise ; and, indeed, in these they are superior 
to all nations in the world. Accustomed to continual wandering in the forest ; 
having their perceptions sharpened by keen necessity, and living, in every re- 
spect, according to nature, their external senses have a degree of acuteness, 
which, at first view, appears incredible. They can trace out their enemies, at 
an immense distance, by the smoke of their fires, which they smell, and by the 
tracks of their feet upon the ground, imperceptible to an European eye, but 
which they can count, and distinguish, with the utmost facility. It is said, they 
can even distinguish the different nations with whom they are acquainted, and 
can determine the precise time when they passed, where an European could 
not, with all his glasses, distinguish footsteps at all. These circumstances, 
however, are of less importance, because their savage enemies are equally 
well acquainted with them. 
Vigilance When they go out, therefore, they take care to avoid making use 
and circum- of any thing by which they might run the danger of a discovery. 

spection. They lighted no fires to warm themselves, or to prepare victuals : 
they lie close to the ground all day, and travel only in the night ; and marching 



NORTH AMERICA. 



9 



along m files, he that closes the rear, diligently covers with leaves the tracks of 
his own feet, and of theirs who preceded him. When they halt to refresh 
themselves, scouts are sent out to reconnoitre the country, and beat up every 
place where they suspect an enemy to lie concealed. In this manner they enter, 
unawares, the villages of their foes ; and while the flower of the nation are en- 
gaged in hunting, massacre all the children, women, and helpless old men ; or 
make prisoners of as many as they can manage, or have strength enough to 
be useful to their nation. But when the enemy is apprized of their design, 
and comes on in arms against them, they throw themselves flat on the ground 
among the withered herbs and leaves, which their faces are painted to resemble. 
They then allow a part to pass unmolested, when, all at once, with a tremen- 
dous shout, rising up from their ambush, they pour a storm of musket-balls, or 
arrows, on their foes. The party attacked returns the same cry. Manner of 
Every one shelters himself with a tree, and returns the fire of the fi s htlI1 &- 
adverse party, as soon as they raise themselves from the ground to give a 
second fire. Thus does the battle continue until one party is so much weak- 
ened as to be incapable of farther resistance. In their battles death appears in 
a thousand hideous forms, which would congeal the blood of civilized nations 
to behold, but which rouses the fury of savages. They trample, they insult, 
over the dead bodies, and tear the scalp from the head. The flame rages on 
till it meets with no resistance ; then the prisoners are secured, those unhappy 
men whose fate is a thousand times more dreadful than theirs who have died 
in the field. The conquerors set up a hideous howling, to lament the friends 
they have lost. They approach, in a melancholy and severe gloom, to their 
own village ; a messenger is sent to announce their arrival, and the women, 
with frightful shrieks, come out to mourn their dead brothers, or their hus- 
bands. When they are arrived, the chief relates in a low voice, to the elders, a 
circumstantial account of every particular of the expedition. The orator pro- 
claims aloud this account to the people ; and as he mentions the names of those 
who have fallen, the shrieks of the women are redoubled. The men, too, join 
in these cries, according as each is most connected with the deceased by blood 
or friendship. The last ceremony is the proclamation of the victory ; each in- 
dividual then forgets his private misfortunes, and joins in the triumphs of his 
nation ; all tears are wiped from their eyes, and by an unaccountable transi- 
tion, they pass, in a moment, from the bitterness of sorrow, to an extrava- 
gance of joy. But the treatment of their prisoners, whose fate all this time re- 
mains undecided, is what chiefly characterizes the savages. 

The person who has taken the captive attends him to the cottage, T t t 
where, according to the distribution made by the elders, he is to be of their pris 
delivered to supply the loss of a citizen. If those who receive him oners - 
have their family weakened by war or other accidents, they adopt the captive 
into the family, of which he becomes a member. But if they have no occasion 
for him, or their resentment for the loss of their friends be too high to endure 
the sight of one connected with those who were concerned in it, they sentence 
him to death. All those who have met with the same severe sentence being 
collected, the whole nation is assembled at the execution, as for some great 
solemnity. A scaffold is erected, and the prisoners are tied to the stake, where 
they commence their death-song, and prepare for the ensuing scene of cruelty 
with the most undaunted courage. Their enemies, on the other side, are deter- 
mined to put it to the proof, by the most refined and exquisite tortures. They 
begin at the extremity of his body, and gradually approach the more shocking 
vital parts. One plucks out his nails by the roots, one by one ; an- tortures - 
other takes a finger into his mouth, and tears off the flesh with his teeth ; a 
third thrusts the ringer, mangled as it is, into the bowl of his pipe made red-hot, 
which he smokes like tobacco ; then they pound his toes and fingers to pieces 
between two stones ; they cut circles about his joints, and gashes in the fleshy 



10 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF 

parts of his limbs, which they sear immediately with red-hot irons, cutting, 
burning, and pinching them, alternately ; they will pull off his flesh thus man- 
gled and roasted, bit by bit, devouring it with greediness, and smearing their 
faces with the blood, in an enthusiasm of horror and fury. When they have 
thus torn off the flesh, they twist the bare nerves and tendons about an iron, 
tearing and snapping them, whilst others are employed in pulling and extend- 
ing his limbs in every way that can increase the torment. This continues 
often five or six hours ; and sometimes, such is the strength of the savages, 
days together. Then they frequently unbind him, to give a breathing to their 
fury, to think what new torments they shall inflict, and to refresh the strength 
of the sufferer, who, wearied cut with such a variety of unheard-of cruelties, 
often falls into such a profound sleep, that they are obliged to apply the fire to 
awake him, and renew his sufferings. He is again fastened to the stake, and 
again they renew their cruelty ; they stick him all over with small matches of 
wood that easily take fire, but burn slowly ; they continually run sharp reeds 
into all parts of his body ; they drag out his teeth with pincers, and thrust out 
his eyes ; and lastly, after having burned his flesh from the bones with slow 
fires ; after having so mangled the body that it is all but one wound ; after 
having mutilated his face in such a manner as to carry nothing human in it ; 
after having peeled the skin from the head, and poured a heap of red-hot coals 
or boiling water upon the naked skull, they once more unbind the wretch ; who, 
blind, and staggering with pain and weakness, assaulted and pelted on every 
side with clubs and stones, now up, now down, falling into their fires at every 
step, runs hither and thither, until one of the chiefs, whether out of compassion, 
or weary of cruelty, puts an end to his life with a club or dagger. The body 
is then put into a kettle, and this barbarous custom is succeeded by a feast as 
barbarous. The women are said to surpass even the men in this scene of hor- 
ror : while the principal persons of the country sit round the stake, smoking 
and looking on, without the least emotion. 

Constancy of What is the most extraordinary, the sufferer himself, in the little 
the sufferers, intervals of his torments, smokes too, appears unconcerned, and con- 
verses with his torturers about indifferent matters. Indeed, during the whole 
time of his execution, there seems a contest which shall exceed, they in inflict- 
ing the most horrid pains, or he in enduring them with a firmness and con- 
stancy almost above human : not a groan, not a sigh, not a distortion of coun- 
tenance escapes him : he possesses his mind entirely in the midst of his torments : 
he recounts his own exploits : he informs them what cruelties he has inflicted 
on their countrymen ; and threatens them with the revenge that will attend his 
death ; and, though his reproaches exasperate them to a perfect madness of 
rage and fury, he continues his insults even of their ignorance of the art of 
tormenting, pointing out himself more exquisite methods, and more sensible 
parts of the body to be afflicted. 

Nothing can exceed the warmth of their affection towards their 

nen s ip. g,j en( j gj wno cons i s t 0 f a n those who live in the same village, or are 
in alliance with it. Their friendship principally appears by the treatment of 
their dead. Where any one of the society is cut off, he is lamented by the 
whole : on this occasion a variety of ceremonies is practised, denoting the most 
lively sorrow. No business is transacted, however pressing, till all the pious 
Treatment ceremonies due to the dead are performed. The body is washed 
of their dead anointed, and painted. Then the women lament the loss with 

fnends. n id eous howlings, intermixed with songs which celebrate the great 
actions of the deceased and his ancestors. The men mourn also, though in a 
less extravagant manner. The whole village is present at the interment, and the 
corpse is habited in their most sumptuous ornaments. Close to the body of the 
deceased are placed his bows and arrows, with whatever he valued most in his 
life, and a quantity of provision for his subsistence on the journey which he is 



NORTH AMERICA. 



11 



supposed to take. This solemnity, like every other, is attended with feasting. 
The funeral being ended, the relations of the deceased confine themselves to 
their huts, for a considerable time, to indulge their grief. After an interval of 
some weeks, they visit the grave, repeat their sorrow, new-clothe the remains 
of the body, and act over again all the solemnities of the funeral. 

To such extremes do the Indians push their friendship or their enmity ; and 
such indeed, in general, is the character of all strong and uncultivated minds. 

Religion is not the prevailing character of Indians ; and except Their reii- 
when they have some immediate occasion for the assistance of their glon - 
gods, they pay them no sort of worship. Like all other rude nations, however, 
they are strongly addicted to superstition. They believe in the existence of a 
number of good and bad spirits, who interfere in the concerns of mortals, and 
produce all our happiness or misery. It is from the evil spirits, in particular 
that our diseases, they imagine, proceed ; and it is to the good spirits we are 
indebted for a cure. 

Such, in general, are the customs and manners of the Indian nation ; but 
almost every tribe has something peculiar to itself. 

The following statement as to their population in the United J^fonSfthe 
States is from the American Almanac, 1831. u. s. 



Number of Indians within the 
Within 

New England and Virginia, 

New York, - 

Pennsylvania, 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia - - - - 

Tennessee, - 

Alabama, - 

Mississippi, - 

Louisiana, - 

Ohio, 

Indiana, - - - 

Illinois, 

Missouri, - 



United States, as estimated by the War Department. 
Within 

2,573 Michigan Peninsula, - 9,340 
4,820 Arkansas Territory, - - 7,200 
300 Florida Territory, - - 4,000 
North-west or Huron Ter. - 20,200 

300 Between the Mississippi and the 
Rocky Mountains, exclusive 
of the states of Louisiana 



1,000 
19,200 
23,400 
939 
1,877 
4,050 
5,900 
5,631 



Territory, 94,000 
Within the Rocky Mountains, 20,000 
West of the Rocky Mountains 

between Lat. 44° and 49% 80,000 



Total within the U. States, 313,130 



Climate. 



The climate of North America is various ; that part lying north 
ot latitude 50°, is a cold, barren, and desolate region. The part 
between 30° and 50° is subject to extremes of heat and cold. South of latitude 
30° the climate is warm, producing the principal tropical fruits in abundance. 



UNITED STATES 

GENERAL DESCRIPTION. 

The territory of the United States embraces the middle division of North 
America, extending from the Atlantic ocean on the east to the Pacific on the 
west. Its extreme length from the Pacific ocean to Passamaquoddy Extent and 
Bay, is 3,000 miles ; its greatest breadth, from the southern point boundaries, 
of Florida, to the Lake of the Woods, is estimated to be 1,700 miles. &c- 
On the north-east, a conventional line divides it from New Brunswick, extend- 
ing from Passamaquoddy Bay northward to the 48th parallel, embracing the 
head waters of the river St. John. From this extreme northern point, the 
boundary line passes along the ridge of mountains south-westward to the 45th 
parallel, and then along this parallel till it strikes the St. Lawrence, 120 miles 



12 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION OP 



below Lake Ontario. It then follows the river and chain of lakes, Ontario, 
Erie, St. Clair, Huron, and Superior, proceeding from the last by the course of 
the river La Pluie, or Rainy River, to the Lake of the Woods, from which it 
passes along the 49th parallel to the Rocky Mountains. 

On the west of the mountains, the Americans have an unquestioned claim to 
the country from the 42d to the 54th parallel. On the south, the United States 
are bounded by the Gulf of Mexico ; and on the south-west, the boundary ex- 
tends from the mouth of the river Sabine, in a north-west direction, to a point 
in the Rocky Mountains, in north latitude 42°, and west longitude 108°, from 
which it passes along the 42d parallel to the Pacific ocean. 

Mountains ^ w0 S reat cnams °f mountains traverse the territory of the United 
States, in a direction approaching to south and north : the Allegha- 
ny on the east, and the Rocky Mountains on the west. They divide the country 
into an eastern, a western, and a middle division, the latter comprising the 
great basin or valley of the Mississippi. For a particular description of the 
mountains, see the article Alleghany, &c. 

Lakes and The two largest lakes wholly within the United States are Michigan 
rivers, an( j Champlain. Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, lie one 
half in this country, and one half in Upper Canada. 

The United States contain many large and navigable rivers ; some of the 
principal of which are the Connecticut, Hudson, Delaware, Potomac, James, 
Savannah, Ohio, Tennessee, Mississippi, Arkansas, Red River, and the Oregon 
or Columbia. 

A particular description of the lakes and rivers will be found under their 
respective heads. 

Climate ^ e cumate °^ tne United States is remarkably inconstant and 
ima e * variable. It passes rapidly from the frosts of Norway to the scorch- 
ing heats of Africa, and from the humidity of Holland to the drought of Cas- 
tile. A change of 20 or 25 degrees of Fahrenheit, in one day, is not consid- 
ered extraordinary. Even the Indians complain of the sudden variations of 
temperature. In sweeping over a vast frozen surface, the north-west wind ac- 
quires an extreme degree of cold and dryness, and operates very injuriously 
on the human frame. The south-east, on the other hand, produces on the At- 
lantic coast effects similar to those of the sirocco. The south-west has the 
same influence in the plains to the east of the Alleghanies : when it blows, the 
heat frequently becomes painful and suffocating. In the mountains, however, 
where the summer heat is moderate, even in the southern states, the fresh and 
blooming complexion of young persons, is a proof of the purity and salubrity of 
the atmosphere. The same ruddy complexion prevails in New England and 
in the interior of Pennsylvania ; but the pale countenances of the inhabitants 
of all the low country, from New York to Florida, reminds a stranger of the 
Creoles in the West India Islands. In this region malignant fevers are preva- 
lent in September and October. The countries situated to the west of the Allegha- 
nies are in general more temperate and healthful. The south-west wind there 
brings rain, while the same effect is produced on the other side of the moun- 
tains by the north-east wind. But the north-east wind, which covers the At- 
lantic coast with thick fogs, is dry and elastic on the banks of the Ohio. When 
we compare the climate on the opposite sides of the Atlantic, we find that the 
extremes of temperature are greater, and that the winter's cold is more severe 
on the west side than on the east. The mean temperature of the year, accord- 
ing to Humboldt, is 9 degrees (Fahr.) lower at Philadelphia than in the corre- 
sponding latitudes on the coast of Europe. The mouth of the Delaware is gen- 
erally shut by ice for six or eight weeks, and that of the St. Lawrence for five 
months in the year. Throughout the United States, the rains are sudden ana 
heavy, and the dews extremely copious. Storms of thunder and lightning are 
also much more common and formidable than in Europe. 



THE UNITED STATES. 



m 



A general Land Office exists at Washington, which is vested Public Lands, 
exclusively with the power of contracting with the Indians for the sale of - 
sale of their lands. The business of the Land Office is the survey and sale 
of the public lands. These lands are purchased of the Indians by treaty with 
the government of the United States. Private individuals are not allowed to 
have any transactions of this description with the natives ; and the law has 
been rigorously observed. Sub Land Offices are established at the follow- 
ing places : Ohio, Stubenville, Marietta, Cincinnati, Chillicothe, Zanesville, 
Wooster, Piqua, Tiffin. Indiana, Jefferson ville, Vincennes, Indianapolis, Craw- 
fordsville, Fort Wayne. Illinois, Kaskaskia, Shawneetown, Edwardsville, 
Vandalia, Palestine, Springfield. Michigan Territory, Detroit, Monroe. Mis- 
souri, St. Louis, Franklin, Cape Girardeau, Lexington, Palmyra. Arkansas 
Territory, Batesville, Little Rock. Louisiana, Ouachita, Opelousas, New Or- 
leans, St. Helena C. H. Mississippi, Washington. Augusta, Mount Salus. 
Alabama, St. Stephens, Huntsville, Tuscaloosa, Cahawba, Sparta. Florida 
Territory, Taliahasse, St. Augustine. 

The aggregate of all the unsold and unappropriated public lands of the 
United States, surveyed and unsurveyed, on which the Indian title remains or 
has been extinguished, lying within, and without the boundaries of the new 
states and territories, according to a report made to congress in April 1832, is 
1,090,871,753 acres. The lands are surveyed and set off into townships of 
six miles square, each of which is divided into thirty-six sections, of one mile 
square, or 640 acres. The dividing lines run in the direction of the cardinal 
points, crossing one another at right angles. One section, or one thirty-sixth 
part of every township, is allotted for the support of schools, and in the coun- 
try west of the Alleghanies, seven entire townships have been given, in perpe- 
tuity, for the endowment of superior seminaries of learning. The lands are 
offered to public sale, in quarter sections, of 160 acres, at the minimum price 
of one and one fourth dollar per acre, and whatever remains unsold, may be 
purchased privately at this price. Formerly, the minimum price was two dol- 
lars per acre, payable in four years, by four instalments ; but by act of con- 
gress, in 1821, it was fixed at one and one fourth dollar ready money. This 
new regulation was adopted to discourage the practice of speculating in land, 
and to lessen the litigation arising out of protracted payments. 

The title deed is printed on a small sheet of parchment, with the date ; the 
purchaser's name, and the topographical situation of the ground, are inserted 
in writing. It is subscribed by the president of the United States and the 
agent of the Land Office, and delivered without charge to the purchaser, who 
may transfer the property to another person by a process equally cheap and 
simple. 

In a country having so many varieties of soil and climate as the Agricultural 
United States, there is necessarily a considerable diversity in the Productions, 
agricultural productions. Maize, or Indian corn, is cultivated in all parts of 
the country, but succeeds best in the middle states. Wheat is also raised in all 
parts of the country, but thrives best in the middle and western states. The 
cultivation of tobacco begins in Maryland and Virginia. Cotton grows as far 
north as 39°, but its cultivation is not profitable beyond the latitude of 37°. 
This useful plant was first raised for exportation only in 1791. It is now pro- 
duced in immense quantities from the river Roanoke to the Mississippi, and 
forms the leading export of the United States. The best grows upon dry situ- 
ations in Carolina and Georgia, on the sea-coast. The rice crops, which re- 
quire great heat, and a soil susceptible of irrigation, commence about the same 
parallel, and have nearly the same geographical range. The sugar cane grows 
in low and warm situations, as high as latitude 33° ; but the climate favorable 
to its cultivation does not extend beyond 31^°. Oats, rye, and barley, are 
raised in all the northern and middle states : in the western states wheat, hemp. 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF 



and flax are the staple productions. In addition to the above, buckwheat, peas, 
beans, potatoes, turnips, &c. ; apples, pears, cherries, peaches, grapes, cur- 
rants, gooseberries, plums, &c, are extensively cultivated in various parts of 
the country. 

Table, showing the estimated quantities of different articles produced on an 
acre, in the principal parts of the United States. Explanations, g. c. good 
crop, c. c. common crop. 



AVERAGE BUSHEL PER ACRE. 















corn. 


heat. 


CO 


CO 


















CO 

Q 


Ph 






cp 
& 


PS 


-0) 

a 
l±i 


GO 

"c3 

o 


o3 


o 
CQ 


o 
PL| 


1 

Eh 


New England - 


I g- c - 


30 


35 


40 


45 






400 


450 


> c. c. 


11 


15 


20 


30 


30 


15 


150 


200 


T\Tpw "Vnrlr _ 


! g- c - 

l c. c. 


32 
10 


35 
12 


40 
14 


45 
25 


45 
25 


35 
16 


300 
90 


350 
100 


Pennsylvania - 


\ g- c - 


35 


35 


40 


45 


45 


35 


300 


350 


£ c. c. 


10 


12 


13 


15 


15 


16 


65 


75 


New Jersey - - 


\s- c - 

£ c. c. 


30 
9 


30 
11 


35 
12 


35 
14 


35 
14 


30 
15 


250 
60 


250 
65 


Delaware - - 


\ g- c - 

I c. c. 


35 
10 


35 
12 


34 
13 


56 
15 


36 
15 


30 
16 


250 
65 


250 
65 


Virginia - 


\s- c - 

I c. c. 


30 
7 


35 
9 


35 
9 


45 
25 


45 
25 


30 
15 


150 
60 


150 
75 


Carolina - - - 


\s- c - 

( c. c. 


25 
6 


20 
10 


25 
8 


45 
23 


45 
23 


20 
15 


60 
50 


75 
50 


Western States 


} g- c - 


40 


45 


45 


45 


45 


35 


350 


400 


£ c. c. 


25 


25 


36 


37 


37 


40 


200 


300 


Louisiana - - 


g. c. 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40 


25 


200 


350 



Minerals Gold is found extensively in the upper country of North Carolina, 
1 ' and in some few points in the adjacent parts of Virginia, South Car- 
olina, and in Georgia. It is found in alluvial deposits, and has been lately 
wrought to considerable extent. Some of the ores of iron are found in almost 
every state ; and mines of this metal are worked in New Hampshire, Vermont, 
Rhode Island, New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, 
and North Carolina. The United States are supplied with copper chiefly from 
Mexico and other foreign countries, but ores of this metal exist in most of the 
states, and in the north-west territory are said to be in great abundance, in 
situations easy of access. Lead is chiefly procured from Missouri, where for- 
ty-five mines are worked, and yield three millions of pounds annually. Of 
coal there is a large field twenty miles long by ten broad, twelve miles from 
Richmond, which has been long worked. This useful mineral is also found at 
various places, in New England, New York, and Pennsylvania. But the most 
abundant supply is on the west side of the Alleghanies, where a coal formation, 
one of the largest in the world, extends, with some interruption, from the west- 
ern foot of the mountains across the Mississippi. Salt is chiefly obtained from 
the sea, or imported in the eastern states ; but salt springs abound in various 
parts of the United States, particularly in the valley of the Mississippi, from 
the Alleghanies to the Rocky Mountains ; and in some situations on the western 
side of the valley, plains occur of many miles in circuit, which are periodically 
covered with a thick crust of salt. The salt springs, at Salina, in New York, 
are extensively worked, and vast quantities of salt are made from them annually 



THE UNITED STATES. 



15 



The legislative power in the United States is separated into two Legislative 
branches, the state governments, and the federal government: the P° w er- 
government is therefore two-fold. To the state governments is committed 
that branch which relates to the regulation of internal concerns. These 
bodies make and alter the laws which regard property and private rights, 
regulate the police, appoint the judges and civil officers, impose taxes for state 
purposes, and exercise all other rights and powers not vested in the federal go- 
vernment by positive enactment. To the federal government belongs the pow- 
er of making peace and war with foreign nations, raising and supporting an 
army and navy, fixing the organization of the militia, imposing taxes for the 
common defence or benefit of the Union, borrowing money, coining money, 
and fixing the standard of weights and measures, establishing post offices and 
post roads, granting patents for inventions, and exclusive copyrights to authors, 
regulating commerce with foreign nations, establishing uniform bankrupt 'aws, 
and a uniform rule of naturalization, and lastly, the federal tribunals judge of 
felonies and piracies committed on the high seas, of offences against the law 
of nations, and of questions between the citizens of different states. 

No country in the world enjoys a more free and equitable system of gover ? 
ment. All power originates with the people, who are governed by laws which 
are enacted by men of their own choice. 

The Constitution secures to the citizens the grand principles of freedom, 
liberty of conscience in matters of religion, liberty of the press, trial by jury, 
and the right of choosing and being chosen to office. 

The executive power, which is the power that administers the government, 
is vested in a president, who, together with the vice president, is chosen for 
four years by electors from all the states. The principal subordinate officers, 
in the executive department, are the secretaries of state, of the treasury, of 
war, and of the navy. The president is commander-in-chief of the army and 
navy, and of the militia when in active service. He grants reprieves and par- 
dons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 
With the advice and consent of the senate, he makes treaties, nominates am- 
bassadors, consuls, judges : and he appoints several other officers by his own 
authority. He must be a native bom citizen, and not under thirty-five years 
of age. 

For a more full account of the power and duties of the president, the quali- 
fications necessary for senators and representatives in congress, see Constitu- 
tion of the United States. 

Senators and representatives in Congress receive an allowance of eight dol- 
lars per day for the time they attend the session of congress, and eight dollars 
of travelling charges, for every twenty miles they have to travel in going and 
returning. Members of congress take an oath to support the constitution, but 
no religious test is required from them, or any person holding office under the 
federal government. Senators and representatives vacate their places, if they 
accept of an office under the federal government, and are not re-eligible while 
they hold it. The forms of business in congress are chiefly borrowed from those 
of the British parliament. Bills are read three times, and in a certain stage sent 
to committees ; but what is deemed a great improvement in congress, there are 
a large number of committees appointed in the House of Representatives, 
at the commencement of each session, viz. for commerce, finance, foreign 
affairs, &c. 

The federal judiciary consists of a supreme court, which sits at 
Washington, and a district court in each state, in which one judge u iciary ' 
sits. 

In the supreme court, there is a chief judge and six associate judges, who 
hold their office during good behavior. This court has original jurisdiction in 
all cases affecting ambassadors and consuls, and those in which a state is a 



16 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OP 

party. It has appellate jurisdiction in all cases arising under the federal Con* 
stitution, in all admiralty cases, in controversies between two states, or two 
citizens of different states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and 
foreign states or subjects. The supreme court, deriving its power from the 
constitution, exercises a power not enjoyed by the inferior courts. The federal 
judges are appointed by the executive, with the approbation of the senate. In 
this and other federal courts, jurors and witnesses are allowed one dollar 
twenty-five cents per day, and five cents a mile for travelling expenses, 
state govern- The state governments are extremely similar to that of the fede- 
ments. ra j m thgjj. composition. The legislature consists always of two 
branches, both of which are returned by the same electors ; and these electors 
may be said to comprise the whole adult white population ; the usual qualifica- 
tions being citizenship, with one or two years' residence, and payment of taxes. 
The on y exceptions are the following : — In Vermont, the legislature consists 
of a House of Representatives only ; in North Carolina, representatives are 
chosen by the whole resident free citizens who pay taxes, but senators only 
by freeholders ; in New Jersey and Virginia, the right of suffrage for both 
} )uses is limited to persons holding a small amount of landed property ; in 
Maryland, the senators are chosen by delegates named for the purpose by the 
people. 

In all the states, the period for which the representatives serve is either one 
or two years. The elections are hiennial in Delaware, South Carolina, Ten- 
nessee, Louisiana, Illinois, and Missouri; and annual in the other eighteen 
states. 

The shortest period for which the senators serve in any state is one year, 
and the longest Jive. In Maine, New-Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, 
Connecticut, New- Jersey, North Carolina, Georgia, the senators hold their 
office for one year only ; in Ohio and Tennessee for two years ; Mississippi, 
Alabama, Indiana, for three years ; in New-York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, 
Virginia, South Carolina, Kentucky, Louisiana, Illinois, Missouri, fox four 
years ; and in Maryland for five years. Except in Maryland, when the senate 
of any state serves for more than one year, it is renewed by parts or divisions, 
one-third of the members going out annually when they serve for three years, 
and one-fourth when they serve for four. In some cases, however, when the 
senators serve for four years, the renewal is by halves every two years. 

Religious I* 1 Pennsylvania, Mississippi, and Tennessee, a belief in a Deity, 
qualifications and in a future state of rewards and punishments ; and in Massachu- 

or 0 ce ' setts, Maryland, and North Carolina, a belief in the Christian reli- 
gion, is required as a qualification for office. In New-Jersey no protestant can 
be excluded. In the other states no religious test is required. 

Such is a brief sketch of the political system of the United States. " It has 
survived the tender period of infancy, and outlived the prophecies of its down- 
fall. It has borne the nation triumphantly through a period of domestic diffi- 
culty and external danger ; it has been found serviceable in peace and in war, 
and may well claim from the nation it has saved and honored, the votive bene- 
diction of esto perpetua" 

The expenses of the government are maintained without any 
tvenue. ^- rect taxes f or j ts SU pp 0r t ; the produce of the customs levied at the 
ports on the importation of foreign goods, and the sums derived from the sale 
of the public lands, constitute the whole of the public revenue. 

The average produce of the customs may be estimated at from 16 to 18 mil- 
lions of dollars, and the sum derived from the sale of public lands at 1,600,000. 
The bank dividends consist of the interest of 7,000,000 dollars of capital, vested 
by the government in the national bank. 

Poet office P° st "°ffi ce yields more than a million of dollars a year ; but 

e ' it is almost wholly consumed in supporting the establishment. 



THE UNITE!) BTAilb. 



17 



RATES OF POSTAGE. 
For single Letters, composed of one piece of paper * 

No. of Miles. Cents. 

Any distance not exceeding - - - - 30 - - 6 
Over 30, and not exceeding - - - -80- - -10 

Over 80, do 150 - - 12£ 

Over 150, do 400 - - - 18$ 

Over 400, - - 25 

Double Letters, or those composed of two pieces of paper, are charged with 
double those rates. 

Triple Letters, or those composed of three pieces of paper, are charged with 
triple those rates. 

Quadruple Letters, or those composed of four pieces of paper, are charged 
with quadruple those rates. 

All Letters, weighing one ounce avoirdupois, or more, are charged at the 
rate of single postage for each quarter of an ounce, or quadruple postage for 
each ounce, according to their weight ; and no letter can be charged with more 
than quadruple postage, unless its weight exceeds one ounce avoirdupois. 

Newspaper Postage. 
For each newspaper, not carried out of the state in which it is published ; or 
if carried out of the state, but not carried over 100 miles, 1 cent. 

Over 100 miles, and out of the state in which it is published, lj cents. 

Magazines and Pamphlets. ' 
If published periodically, distance not exceeding 100 miles, I| cts. per sheet. 
Ditto do. over 100 miles, - - - 2^ do. 

If not published periodically, distance not exceeding 100 miles, 4 , do. 
Ditto do. over 100 miles 6 do. 

Small pamphlets, containing not more than a half sheet royal, are charged 
with half those rates. Eight pages quarto are rated as one sheet, and all other 
sizes in the same proportion. 

The number of sheets which it contains, must be printed or written on one 
of the outer pages of every pamphlet or magazine sent by mail. 

Every thing not coming under the denomination of newspapers or pamphlets, 
is charged with letter postage. 



Post-offices in 1790, 75 

Do. do. 1800, 903 

Do. do. 1810, 2,300 

Do. do. 1820, 4,500 

Do. do. 1830, 8,450 



Debt. 



Extent of Post-roads in miles 1,875. 

Do. do. do. 20,817. 

Do. do. do. 36,406. 

Do. do. do. 72,492. 

Do. do. do. 115,176. 



The debt of the United States consists of sums borrowed during 
the revolutionary war, and at various subsequent periods. The debt 
due by the government at the close of the war in 1783, was 42,000,375 
dollars ; but no proper provision being made for the payment of the interest 
and the public revenue often falling short of the expenditure, the debt con 
tinued to increase, and in 1790 it amounted to 79,124,464 dollars. Various 
measures were taken for its liquidation, but with little effect, till 1805. From 
that period a gradual reduction took place, till it was stopped by the war with 
England in 1812. In 1812 the amount of the public debt was 45,035,123 
dollars, but in consequence of the loans made during the war, it amounted in 
1816 to 123,016,375 dollars. Considerable progress has since been made in 
paying oif the debt, and on the 1st of January 1832 it was reduced to 
$24,322,235 18. viz. 

C 



18 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF 



FUNDED DEBT. 

Three per cent stock, revolutionary debt, (date, 4th August, 

1790,) redeemable at the pleasure of the government, $13,296,626 21 

Five per cent, stock, (3d March, 1821,) redeemable after 
January 1, 1835, - $4,735,296 30 

Do. exchanged, (20th April, 1822,) redeem- 
able 1831, 1832, and 1833, - - 56,704 77 



4,792,001 07 

Four and a half per cent, stock, 1832, 1833, and 1834, 

(May, 1824,) 6,194,251 96 

$24,282,879 24 

' UNFUNDED DEBT. 

Treasury notes, Mississippi stock, and registered debt for 

claims prior to 1798, 39,355 94 

Total $24,322,235 Id 
A standing army is necessarily an object of jealousy in a republi- 
m ' can state ; and as North America has no formidable enemy in its 
vicinity, and as the people are, at the same time, extremely studious of econo- 
my in all the branches of the government, their military force has always been 
kept on a very low scale. By an act of congress, 1815, the strength of. the 
regular army was fixed at 9980 men. In 1821 it was reduced to 6442, and 
on the 1st of January, 1832, the number was 6,188, viz. 

1 Major General, 2 Brigadier Generals, 1 Adjutant General, 2 Inspector 
Generals, 1 Quarter Master General, 4 Quarter Masters, 1 Commissary Gene- 
ral of Subsistence, 2 Commissaries, 1 Surgeon General, 8 Surgeons, 45 Assist- 
ant Surgeons, 1 Paymaster General, 14 Paymasters, 1 Commissary General 
of Purchases, 1 Assistant Engineer, 2 Military Storekeepers, 12 Colonels, 12 
Lieutenant Colonels, 19 Majors, 120 Captains, 148 First Lieutenants, 148 
Second Lieutenants, 11 Sergeant Majors, 11 Quartermaster Sergeants, 354 
Sergeants, 424 Corporals, 14 Principal Musicians, 212 Musicians, 108 Artifi- 
cers, 56 Ordnance Men, 4452 Privates. — Aggregate, 6,188. 

Mirtia, mn ^ a ' wn i cn constitutes the principal military force of the 

11 ia " United States, consists of all the males between the ages of 18 and 
45. According to returns made mostly since 1830, it amounts to 1,262,315 
men, viz. 



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THE UNITED STATES. 19 

"When the militia are called into the field for actual service, they have the same 
pay and allowances as the regular army, but are only bound to serve for six 
months. 

The navy of the United States is small in point of numbers, but is 
perhaps the best organized and most effective in the world. The un- avy 
expected and astonishing success of their frigates in combats with British ves- 
sels of the same class during the late war, established at once the reputation of 
the American navy for skill and prowess in the eyes of Europe ; and the United 
States, with a very few ships, already rank high as a naval power. From 
1816 to 1821, one million of dollars was expended annually in building ships 
of war. Since 1821 the sum thus appropriated has been reduced one half. 
The strength of the American navy is as follows in 1832. 

7 ships of the line, 7 frigates of the first rate, 3 of the second rate, 15 sloops 
of war, 8 schooners. The oldest vessels are the United States, the Constitu- 
tion, and the Constellation, all built in the year 1797. Now building in the 
United States, 5 ships of the line, and 7 frigates. Of the rank of lieutenants 
and upwards, there are 325 ; surgeons and assistant surgeons, 97 ; pursers 41 ; 
chaplains 9 ; midshipmen 445 ; sailing masters 30 ; boatswains 17 ; gunners 
19 ; carpenters 13 ; sail-makers 14. In the marine corps there are 1 colonel, 
9 captains, and 39 lieutenants. 



Name and rate. 

Line Ships. 
Independence - ... 74 

Franklin 74 

Washington - - - - 74 

Columbus 74 

Ohio 74 

North Carolina .... 74 
Delaware 74 

Frigates, 1st Class. 

United States 44 

Constitution 44 

Guerriere 44 

Java 44 

Potomac ------ 44 

Brandywine - - - - 44 

Hudson 44 

Frigates, 2d Class. 

Congress 36 

Constellation 36 

Macedonian - - - . 36 

Sloops of War. 
John Adams - - - - 24 

Cyane 24 

Erie - 18 

Ontario 18 

Peacock 18 

Boston 18 

Lexington 18 

Vincennes 18 

Warren 18 

Natchez 18 

Falmouth .... • 18 

Fairfield 18 

Vandalia 18 



When and where built. 



Boston 1814 

Philadelphia * - - - 1815 
Portsmouth, N. H. - - 1816 
Washington - - - - 1819 
New' York - - . - - 1820 
Philadelphia - - - - 1820 
Gosport, Va. - - - 1820 

Philadelphia .... 1797 

Boston 1797 

Philadelphia .... 1814 

Baltimore - - - - 1814 

Washington - - - - 1821 

Washington .... 1825 

Purchased (New York) 1826 



Portsmouth, N. H. - - 1799 
Baltimore - - - - 1797 
Captured 1812 

Charleston, S. C. - - 1799 

Captured 1815 

Baltimore - - - - 1813 

Baltimore 1813 

New York - - - - 1813 

Boston 1825 

New York - - - - 1825 
New York .... 1826 
Boston - - - - - 1826 

Norfolk 1827 

Boston 1827 

New York .... 1828 
Philadelphia - - - - 1828 



20 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION OP 



Name and rate. 


When a 


id where built. 






vv f) chin rrtnn L 
o 


1 R9ft 




1 8 


JTUI IMllOUlH 




Schooners, <$pc» 








T)nlnhin - - ■ - 




P n i 1 n rl p>1 ri In i a 
i niicidd yiiia, - 


- 1821 






vv dbiimgLun 


IflOl 
- - 1041 






rnvtcwini if h 


1 ft90 


Shark 


- - 12 


Washington 


- - - - 1821 




- 12 


New York - 


- - - 1831 














Purchased 


- - - 1823 


Sea Gull [galliot] - 






- - - - 1823 



NAVY YAEDS. 

There are seven navy yards belonging to, and occupied for the use of, the 
United States, viz. ' 

No. 1. The navy yard at Portsmouth, N. H. is situated on an island, on the 
east side of Piscataqua river, within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, contains 
fifty-eight acres, and cost $5,500. 

No. 2. The navy yard at Charlestown, Mass., is situated on the north side 
of Charles river, on a point of land east of the town of Charlestown, contains 
thirty-four acres, exclusive of extensive flats, and cost $39,214, including com- 
missions and charges. 

No. 3. The navy yard at New York, is situated on Long Island, opposite to 
the city of New Ycrk, on the Wallabout Bay, contains forty acres, including 
the mill-pond, and cost $40,000. 

No. 4. The navy yard at Philadelphia is situated on the west side of the 
river Delaware, within the District of Southwark, adjoining the city of Phila- 
delphia, in the state of Pennsylvania, contains eleven acres, to low-water mark, 
and cost $37,000. 

No. 5. The navy yard at Washington, in the District of Columbia, is situated 
on the Eastern Branch of the river Potomac, contains thirty-seven acres, and 
•cost $4,000. 

No. 6. The navy yard at Gosport is situated on the south branch of Eliza- 
beth river, adjoining the town of Portsmouth, in the state of Virginia, contains 
sixteen acres, and cost $12,000. 

No. 7. Pensacola, Florida. 

It was reserved for the lawgivers of the United States to make the 
e lgion . ^ eX p er j men t 0 f dispensing with a state-religion. In New Hamp- 
shire the legislature is empowered to authorize, and in Massachusetts the legis- 
lature is enjoined to require, the several towns and parishes to make adequate 
provision, at their own expense, for the support of Protestant ministers. The 
same was the case in Connecticut until 1818, when it was abolished by the 
new constitution. But in all the other twenty-two states, the support of religion 
is left entirety to • the voluntary zeal of its professors. The result has shown 
that Christianity has a firm hold in the nature of man, and is rather injured 
than served by those costly establishments which so often abridge free inquiry 
and liberty of conscience, engender fierce animosities among rival sects, per- 
petuate the errors and dogmas of unenlightened times, and degrade religion into 
an engine of civil tyranny, or the ally of ignorance and imposture. In the 
large towns and populous places of New England, and the middle states, reli- 
gious instruction is more faithfully and abundantly dispensed, and religious ordi- 
nances are more strictly and universally observed, than in any other country 
in the world. In newly-settled districts, where a small population is spread 
over a wide surface, the means of religious instruction are often deficient. 



THE UNITED STATES. 21 

The most numerous sects, are Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Episcopali- 
ans, Methodists, Baptists, Lutherans, Unitarians, and Quakers. 

Benevolent societies, and religious institutions of every kind, are Benevolent 
far more numerous than in Great Britain, in proportion to the popu- Societies, 
lation : the following is a list of the principal : 

BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 



NAME. 



Connecticut Miss. Soc. 
Philadelphia Bible Soc. 
Am. Board For. Miss. 
Am. Bap. Bd. For. Miss. 
Am. Tract Society, Bost. 
Am. Education Society, 
Am. Asy. Deaf and Dumb, 
American Bible Society, 
Presby. Br. Am. Ed. Soc. 
Board Miss. Gen. Assem. 
Methodist Miss. Society, 
Board Edu. Gen. Assem. 
Am. Colonization Society, 
Dutch Ref. Miss. Society, 
American S. S. Union, 
Baptist Gen. Tract Society, 
Prison Discipline Society, 
Mass. S. S. Union, 
American Tract Society, 
Am. Temperance Society, 
Am. Home Miss. Society, 
Am. Seamen's Friend Soc. 
Mass. Miss. Soc. reorg. 
American Peace Society, 
African Education Society, 



Presidents. 



Hon. Jonathan Brace, 
Rt. Rev. Wm. White, d. d. 
John C. Smith, ll. d. 
Rev. Jesse Mercer, 
Hon. William Reed, 
Samuel Hubbard, ll. d. 
Hon. Nathaniel Terry, 
Col. Richard Varick, 
Arthur Tappan, Esq. 
A. Green, d. d. ll. d. 
Rev. Elijah Heading", 
Th. McAuley, d. d. 
Charles Carroll, 

Alexander Henry, Esq. 
Rev. Wm. T. Brantly, 
Hon. William Jay, 
Hon. William Reed, 
S. V. S. Wilder, Esq. 
Marcus Morton, ll. d. 
S. Van Rensselaer, ll. d. 
S. Thompson, ll. d. 
Leonard Woods, d. d. 

Rt. Rev. Wm. Meade, d. d. 



For- 


Income, 


Income, 


ma. 


1828-9. 


1829-30. 


1798 


$2,0/0 66 


ttt.O AT O A/? 

$3,013 06 


1808 


7,724 41 


1810 


*i ao a a A AA 

102,000 00 


106,928 26 


1814 


16,061 90 


OA AAA AA 

20,000 00 


1814 


t O OA£* T O 

13,896 18 


ii ~i AO A/? 

11,102 06 


1816 


OA A O A "1 O 

30,434 18 


OA A t A 

30,710 14 


1816 


2,341 55 

1 A O 1 OA OO 

143,184 66 


1816 


170,067 55 


1817 


t O £?0O AA 

12,632 00 


1818 


C) AAA AA 

8,000 00 


12,632 43 


1819 


14,176 11 


TOT OO AA 

13,128 00 


1819 


1819 


19,561 93 


20,295 00 


1S22 


4,470 71 


4,604 00 




i Q fv?7 Of) 


70 521 70 


1824 


5,256 76 


5,536 39 


1825 


3,531 00 


3,353 52 


1825 


1,018 80 


1,465 46 


1825 


60,000 00 


60,210 00 


1826 






1826 


26,997 31 


33,229 00 


1826 


1,214 38 


4,159 87 


1827 


5,247 32 


1828 


495 85 


1830 








$485,714 20 


$584,084 29 



PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON THE GENERAL VIEW OF 
THE UNITED STATES. 

1. What are the length and breadth of the United States? 

2. What are the principal chains of mountains ? 

3. What is the general direction of these mountains ? 

4. How do these mountains divide the United States ? 

5. Which division comprises the great valley of the Mississippi ? 

6. Which are the two largest lakes wholly within the United States ? 

7. Mention those lakes which lie half in the* United States and half in 
Upper Canada. 

8. What are the principal rivers in the United States ? 

9. What can you say of the climate ? 

10. What is said of the south-west wind west of the Alleghanies? 

1 1 . What is said of the mean temperature of the year at Philadelphia, com- 
pared with the corresponding latitudes on the coast of Europe ? 

12. How long are the mouths of the Delaware and St. Lawrence shut by 
ice in a year ? 

13. What is said of the rains and dews? 

14. What of storms of thunder and lightning? 

15. Mention the powers and duties vested in the general land-office at 
Washington. 



22 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF 



16. At what places are other land-offices established? 

17. How are the public lands obtained ? 

18. Flow are these lands surveyed and set off? 

. 19. How much of each township is allotted for the support of schools? 

20. How • much land, west of the Alleghanies, has been set apart for the 
endowment of superior seminaries of learning ? 

21. What is the whole number of acres of public land in 1832 ? 

22. In what manner, and at what price, are the public lands offered for sale? 

23. In what manner are the title deeds executed ? 

24. What part of the United States are adapted to the cultivation of tobacco? 
—25. Cotton?— 26. Rice?— 27. Sugar? 

28. In what section of the United States is gold found? 

29. In what States are mines of iron ore worked? 

30. From what country do the United States obtain copper ? 

31. From what. State is our lead chiefly obtained? 

32. Mention in what States coal is found, and where is one of the largest 
formations in the world ? 

33. How is salt chiefly obtained ? 

34. Where do salt springs abound ? — 35. What is said of the salt springs at 
Salina, in New York ? 

36. Into how many branches is the legislative power of the United States 
separated, and what are they ? 

37. What power is committed to the State governments ? 

38. What power belongs to the Federal Government, or Congress ? 

39. What allowance do Senators and Representatives in Congress receive 
for their services ? 

40. In what way do members of Congress vacate their places ? 

41. In what does the Federal Judiciary consist? 

42. How many Judges are there in the Supreme Court ? 

43. What jurisdiction has this Court ? 

44. What can you say of the State governments ? 

45. How often do general elections, in the different States, occur ? 

46. What is the shortest period for which the Senators serve in any of the 
States ?— 47. What the longest ? 

48. Name the States where they serve one year. — 49. Where they serve 
two years. — 50. Three years. — 51. Where four, and where five years. 

52. What religious qualification is necessary for office, m the different States? 

53. From what is the public revenue derived? 

54. What is the average produce of the customs ? 

55. What sum is annually derived from the sale of public lands ? 

56. What is said of the Post Office establishment? 

57. State the rates of postage, &c. 

58. What does the debt of the United States consist of? What the amount 
in 1832? 

59. What is the amount of the standing army ? 

60. Of what does the militia of the United States consist ? What the num- 
ber of militia ? Which State has the greatest number of militia ? Which next ? 
Which the third and fourth ? 

61. How long are they bound to serve, when called into actual service? 

62. What can you say of the navy of the United States ? 

63. What is now the strength of the navy ? Where are the navy-yards of 
the United States ? 

64. How is religion supported in the United States ? 

65. Mention the benevolent societies of a national character. 

66. Which of these has the greatest income ? 

67. Which next ? Mention the others in the order of their income. 



THE UNITED STATES. 



23 



STATISTICAL TABLES. 



UNITED STATES. 
TABLE I. 



Population of the different States and Territories, according to Five 
Enumerations. 



States and Terri- 


Pop. 


Pop. 


Pop. 1 


Pop. 


Pop. 






1800. 


1810. 


1 ft20 


1 ft^O 
X oou. 


• 

Maine, 




ioi, i iy 


99ft 70t 


2Qft 3*} r j 


QQQ JQ7 


N. Hampshire, 


14fcl, ooO 


1 ft*3 ft^ift 


91 4 4fi0 


24-4. 1 fil 


9fiQ ^fi7 


Vermont, 


ft5 53Q 


1 54 465 


217 895 


235,764 


280 679 


Massachusetts, 




/199 WzL5 


479 04.0 


R9Q 9Q7 


fil 0 01 4 


Rhode Island, 


fift ft9^ 


fiQ 1 99 


7n Q31 


ft3 059 


Q7 21 0 


Connecticut, 


907 CM A 


951 009 


9fi1 Q42 


275 24-ft 


2Q7 51 3 


New York, 
New Jersey, 


O/in i on 




Q5Q 04Q 


1 372 ft! 2 


1 934 000 


1 ft/1 1 
j. o^iji oy 


911 149 


245 562 


277 575 


320 77Q 

U/iUj lit/ 


Pennsylvania, 


^tofi,o / 0 


fi02 545 


81 0 091 


1 049 31 3 


1 347 fi72 


Delaware, 


plq 0Q4. 
«jy ji/yi 


fid 973 


72 674 


72 749 


7fi 73Q 


Maryland, 


319,728 


345,824 


380^546 


407^350 


446,913 


Virginia, 


747,610 


880,200 


974,622 


1,065,366 


1,211,296 


North Carolina, 


393,951 


478,103 


555,500 


638,829 


738,470 


South Carolina, 


249,073 


345,591 


415,115 


502,741 


581,458 


Georgia, 


82,548 


162,686 


252,433 


340,989 


516,567 


Alabama, ) 




8,850 


40,352 


{ 127,901 


308,997 


Mississippi, $ 




I 75,448 


110,000 


Louisiana, 






76,556 


153,407 


215,762 


Tennessee, 
Kentucky, 




105,602 


261,727 


420,813 


684,833 


73,677 


220,959 


406,511 


564,317 


688,844 


Ohio, 
Indiana, 




45,365 


230,760 


581,434 


937,679 




4,651 


24,520 


147,178 


341,582 


Illinois, 




215 


12,282 


55,211 


157,575 


Missouri, 
Michigan Ter. 






19,783 


66,586 


140,192 




551 


4,762 


8,896 


31,698 


Arkansas Ter. 






1,062 


14,273 


30,383 


Dis. of Columbia, 




14,093 


24,023 


33,039 


39,858 


Florida Territory, 










34,723 


Total, 


3,929,326 


5,309,758 


7,239,903 


9,638,166 


12,850,240 



REMARK. 

The first complete census of the United States was taken in 1790. The 
population of the Thirteen States, at the time of the Declaration of Independ- 
ence, was not far from 2,600,000. 



24 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF 



TABLE II. 



The Total Population and the Number of Slaves in the United States at 
different Periods, with the respective Increase, 







Total Top. 










Rate 
pr. ct. 


1st Census, 


1790, 


Q QOQ QOfi 

Oy}6 J,OiC\J 


From 






Increase. 


2d do. 


1800, 


5,309,758 


1790 


to 


1800, 


1,308,232 


35.1 


3d do. 


1810, 


7,239,903 


1800 


to 


1810, 


1,930,345 


36.3 


4th do. 


1820, 


9,638,166 


1810 


to 


1820, 


2,398,263 


33.1 


5th do. 


1830, 


12,850,240 


1820 


to 


1830, 


3,212,074 


33.3 






Slaves. 






1st Census, 1790, 


697,696 


From 










2d do. 


1800, 


896,849 


1790 


to 


1800, 


199,153 


28.7 


3d do. 


1810, 


1,191,364 


1800 


to 


1810, 


294,515 


32.1 


4th do. 


1820, 


1,538,036 


1810 


to 


1820, 


346,627 


29.1 


5th do. 


1830, 


1,888,690 


1820 


to 


1830, 


350,654 


22.8 



TABLE III. 



The Population of the several States and Territories in 1830, the 
Number of Square Miles, the Population to a Square Mile, and the 
Number of Slaves in 1830. 



Population. 


Sqtt; 


ire Miles. 


Pop. to Sq. 


Mile. 


SIflV6S. 


New York, 


1,934,000 


Va. 


66,000 


Mass. 


81 


Va. 363,637 


Pennsylvania, 


1,348,000 


Mo. 


63,000 


R. I. 


75 


S. C. 315,665 


Virginia, 


1,211,000 


Geo. 


61,000 


Ct. 


62 


N.C. 246,462 


Ohio, 


938,000 


111. 


58,000 


Md. 


41 


Geo. 217,470 


North Carolina, 


738,000 


Ala. 


51,000 


N. Y. 


40 


Kfen. 165,350 


Kentucky, 


689,000 


N. C. 


50,000 


N. J. 


40 


Ten. 142,382 


Tennessee, 
Massachusetts, 


685,000 


Mis. 


48,000 


Del. 


36 


Ala. 117,294 


610,000 


La. 


48,000 


Pa. 


29 


La. 109,631 


South Carolina, 


581,000 


N. Y. 48,000 


N. H. 


28 


Md. 102,878 


Georgia, 
Maryland, 


517,000 


Pa. 


47,000 


Vt. 


27 


Mis. 50,000 


447,000 


Ten. 


43,000 


Ohio, 


24 


Mo. 24,990 


Maine, 


399,000 


Ohio, 


39,000 


S. C. 


19 


Del. 3,305 


Indiana, 
New Jersey, 


342,000 


Ken. 


38,000 


Va. 


18 


N. J. 2,246 


321,000 


Ind. 


34,000 


Ken. 


18 


111. 746 


Alabama, 
Connecticut, 


309,000 


Me. 


32,000 


Ten. 


16 


Pa. 386 


298,000 


S. C. 


30,000 


N. C. 


15 


N. Y. 46 


Vermont, 


281,000 


Md. 


11,000 


Me. 


12 


Ct. 23 


New Hampshire, 269,000 


Vt. 


10,200 


Ind. 


10 


R. I. 14 


Louisiana, 


216,000 


N. H. 9,500 


Geo. 


8i 


Me. 0 


Illinois, 


158,000 


N. J. 


8,000 


Ala. 


6 


N.H. 0 


Missouri, 


140,000 


Mass. 7,500 


111. 


3 


Vt. 0 


Mississippi, 


110,000 


Ct. 


4,800 


Mis. 


2 


Mass. 0 


Rhode Island, 


97,000 


Del. 


2,100 


Mo. 


2 


Ohio,. 0 


Delaware, 


77,000 


R. I. 


1,300 






Ind. 0 


Dis. of Columbia, 40,000 


Ar.T. 60,000 






Flo.T. 15,510 


Florida Ter. 


35,000 


Flo. T. 55,000 






D. C. 6,050 


Michigan Ter. 


32,000 


Mi. T. 38,000 






Ar. T. 4,578 


Arkansas Ter. 


30,000 


D. C. 100 






Mich. T. 27 


| 12,850,000 










1,888,690 



THE UNITED STATES. 



25 



TABLE IV. 
COLLEGES IN THE UNITED STATES. 



l'Bowdoin, 
2 Waterville, 

Dartmouth, 

Univ. of Vermont, 

Middlebury, 

Harvard University, 

Williams, 

Amherst, 

Brown University, 
Yale, 

Washington, 
Wesleyan Univ. 
Columbia, 
Union, 
Hamilton, 
Geneva, 
College of N. J. 
Rutgers, 

Univ. of Pennsyl. 
Dickinson, 
Jefferson, 



9 
10 
11 
12 

n 

14 

15 

1? 

18 
19 
2l 
21 

22 Western University, 

23 Washington, 

24 Alleghany, 

25 Madison, 

26 St. Mary's * 

27 Univ. of Maryland, 

28 St. John's, 

29 Mount St. Mary's* 

30 Columbian, 

31 Georgetown,* 

32 William and Mary, 
33!Hampden-Sydney, 

34 Washington, 

35 Univ. of Virginia, 

36 Univ. of N. Carolina 

37 Charleston, 

38 College of S. C. 

39 Univ. of Georgia, 

40 Alabama University, 

41 Jefferson, 

42 Louisiana, 

43 Greenville, 

44 Univ. of Nashville, 

45 E. Tennessee, 

46 Transylvania, 

47 Centre, 

48 Augusta, 

49 Cumberland, 

50 St. Joseph's* 

51 Georgetown, 

52 Univ. of Ohio, 

53 Miami University, 

54 Western Reserve, 
55;Kenyon, 

56 Franklin, 

57 Indiana, 

58 Qlinois, 

59 St. Louis * 



Brunswick, Me. 

Waterville, do. 

Hanover, N.H; 

Burlington, Vt. 

Middlebury, do. 

Cambridge, Mass. 
Williamstown, do. 
Amherst, do. 

Providence, R. I. 

New Haven, Conn 
Hartford, do. 
Middletown, do. 

New York, N. Y. 
Schenectady, do. 
Clinton, do. 
Geneva, do. 

Princeton, N. J. 
N. Brunswick, do. 

Philadelphia, Penn 
Carlisle, do. 
Canonsburg, do. 
Pittsburg, do. 
Washington, do. 
Meadville, do. 
Union Town, do. 

Baltimore, Md. 

Do. do. 
Annapolis, do. 
Near Emmittsbg. do. 
Washington, Ca. 
Georgetown, D. C. 
Williamsburg, Va. 
Prince Ed. Co. do. 
Lexington, do. 
Charlottesville, do. 
Chapel Hill, N. C. 
Charleston, S. C. 
Columbia, do. 
Athens, Ga. 
Tuscaloosa, Ala. 
Washington, Mi- 
Jackson, La. 
Greenville, Tenn. 
Nashville, do. 
Knoxville, do. 
Lexinffton, Ken. 
Danville, do. 
Augusta, do. 
Princeton, do. 
Bardstown, do. 
Georgetown, do. 
Athens, Ohio. 
Oxford, do. 
Hudson, do. 
Gambier, do. 
New Athens, do. 
Bloomingdale, Ind. 
Jacksonville, II. 
St. Louis, Mo. 



Found- 
ed. 

"794 
820 
770 
791 
800 
638 
793 
821 
764 
700 
826 
831 
754 
795 
812 
823 
746 
770 
755 
783 
802 
820 
806 
815 
829 
799 
812 
784 
830 
821 
799 
693 
774 
812 
B19 
791 
785 
801 
785 
820 
802 



Vols, in 
College 
Library. 



Vols, in 
Students' 
Ub'arirs. 



8,000 
1.8C0 
6,010 
1.0C0 

1, 

35,000 
2,550 
2,380 
6,100 
8,500 
5,000 

8,000 
5,150 
2,900 
500 
8,000 



182 
600 
1.200 



2,000 


5.000 


700 


1,800 




50 


400 


525 


8,000 




10,000 




2,100 




7,000 




4,000 




7,000 




3,600 


600 


700 


1,500 


8.000 




1.800 


3,000 


3,000 


1,000 


7,000 




2.000 


2,250 


1,000 





4,£00:First Wednesday in Sept. 

600jLast Wednesday in July 
8,000 Last Wed. but one in August. 

500 First Wednesday in August. 
2,322Tnird Wednesday in August. 
4,6C0!Last Wednesday in August. 
2,000 [First Wednesday in Sept. 
4,515 Fourth Wednesday in August. 
6,000 jFirst Wednesday in Sept. 
9,000 Third Wednesday in Aug. 
1,200 'First Wednesday" in August. 

6,000 First Tuesday in August. 
8,450; Fourth Wednesday in July. 
3,000 [Fourth Wednesday in August 

900jFirst Wednesday in August. 
4,000 Last Wednesday in Sept. 

Third Wednesday in August 
Last day, not Sunday, in July. 
Fourth Wednesday in Sept. 
Last Thursday in September 
Last Friday in June. 
Last Thursday in September. 
First Wednesday in July. 
July 15th. 

Third Tuesday in July. 
Third Wednesday in July. 
Second Wednesday in Feb. 
Last week in June. 
Fourth Wednesday in Dec 
Near the last of July. 
July 4th. 

Fourth Wednesday in Sept. 
Third Wednesday in April. 

Fourth Thursday in June. 
Last Tuesday in October. 
3d Mon. after 4th Mon. in Nov. 
First Wednesdav in August. 
Third Wednesday in Dec. 



3.500 




2,500 


750 


340 


200 


2,350 


1,500 


1.258 


108 


1,500 


550 


1,000 


600 


1,300 




1,000 


1,000 


1.000 


1,200 


1,000 


100 



50 



Third Wednesday in Sept. 
First Wednesday in October. 
First Wednesday in October. 
Last Wednesday in Sept 
July 4th. 

Thursday after 1st Wed. Aug. 
Second Thursday in Sept. 
1st of August. 

Wed. after 3d Tuesday in Sept 
Last Wednesdav in Sept. 
Fourth Wednesday in August 

Fourth Wednesday in Sept- 
Last Wednesday in Sept. 



Catholic Colleges: a large part of the students in these belong to fixe preparatory department. 

D 



26 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF 



TABLE V. 

Theological Seminaries. 



JVame. 



Place. 



Denomination. 



Bangor Theol. Sem. - 
Theological Seminary, 
Theological School, 
Theol. Institution, - - 
Theol. Dep. Yale Col. - 
Theol. Ins. Epis. Ch. - 
Theol. Sem. of Auburn, 
Hamilton Lit. & Th. In. 
Hartwick Seminary, - 
Th. Sem. Du. Ref. Ch. 
Th. Sem. Pr. Ch. U. S. 
Sem. Luth. Ch. U. S. - 
German Reformed, 
Western Th. Seminary, 
Epis. Th. School, Va. - 
Union Th. Seminary, - 
Southern Th. Seminary, 
South- Westren Th. Sem. 
Lane Seminary, - - 
Rock Spring, - - - 
Hanover, 



Bangor, Me. - - 
Andover, Mass. 
Cambridge, do. - - 
Newton, do. - - 
New Haven, Con. - 
New York, N. Y. - 
Auburn, do. 
Hamilton, do. 
Hartwick, do. 
N. Brunswick, N. J. 
Princeton, do. 
Gettysburg, Pa. - 
York, do. 
Alleghany T. do. - 
Fairfax Co. Va. 
Pr.Ed.Co. do.- - 
Columbia, S. C. - 
Maryviile, Ten. 
Cincinnati, Ohio, - 
Rock Spring, II. - 
New Madison, In. - 



Cong. - - 
Cong. - - 
Cong. Unit. 
Baptist, - - 
Cong. - - 
Prot. Epis. - 
Presbyt. 
Baptist, - - 
Lutheran, - 
Dutch Ref. - 
Presbyt. 
Evang. L. - 
G. Ref. Ch. 
Presbyt. 
Prot. Epis. - 
Presbyt. 
do. - - 
do. - - 
do. - - 
Baptist, - - 
Presbyt. 



43,350 



TABLE VI. 
Medical Schools. 



JVame. 



Maine Medical School, . . . 
New Hampshire Medical School, 
Medical Society Univ. Vermont, 
Vermont Academy of Med. . 
Mass. Med. Col. Harv. Univ. 
Berkshire Med. Ins. Wm. Col. 
Med. Dep. Yale College, . . 
Col. Phys. and Surg. N. Y. . 
Rutgers Med. Fac. Gen. Col. 
Col. Phys. and Surg. W. Dist. 
Med. Dep. Univ. Penn. . . 
Med. Dep. Jefferson College, 
Med Dep. Univ. Md. . . . 
Med. Col. Charleston, S. C. . 
Med. Dep. Transvlvania, Univ 
Med. College of Ohio, . . . 



Place 



Brunswick, 
Hanover, . 
Burlington, 
Castleton, . 
Boston, 
Pittsfield, . 
New Haven, 
New York, 
New York, 
Fairfield, N. 
Philadelphia, 
Canonsburg, 
Baltimore, 
Charleston, 
Lexington, 
Cincinnati, 



Prof. 



Students. 



99 
103 
40 

91 
100 

61 
113 

160 
420 
121 

130 
200 
113 



[For further Statistical Tables, see Appendix.] 

NUMBER OF STUDENTS IN COLLEGE, IN PROPORTION TO POPULATION. 
Eastern States, 1 stud, to 1,231 inh. I Southern States, 1 stud, to 7,232 inh. 
Middle States, 1 do. 3,465 do. | Western States, I do. 6,060. 

Law Schools.— At Cambridge, Ms., New Haven, Litchfield, Ct, Philadelphia, Williams- 
burgh, Va., Charleston, S. C. and Lexington, Ky. 

Principal Libraries. 
Philadelphia Library, 42,000 volumes; Cambridge University Library, 35,000; Boston 
Athenaeum, 20,000, ; New York Library, 22,000 ; National Library, Washington, 16,000 ; 
Charleston Library, 13,000. 



THE UNITED STATES. 



27 



QUESTIONS ON TABLE III. 

I?. Which is the most populous state in the Union ? 

2. Mention the six next in order of their population. 

3. Which state has the fewest inhabitants ? 

4. Which next? 

5. Which state has the greatest number of square miles 1 

6. Mention the six next in order. 

7. Which state has the least number of square miles ? 

8. Which is the next smallest state ? 

9. Which state is the most thickly settled, that has the greatest number of 
inhabitants on a square mile ? 

10. Which next? 

11. Mention the four next in order. 

12. Which two have the least dense population ? 

13. Which state has the greatest number of slaves? 

14. Mention the six next in order. 

15. Can you mention the three states that have the least number of slaves? 

16. Mention the states that have no slaves. 

17. What was the total number of slaves in the United States in 1830 ? 

18. How many colleges are there in the United States ? See Table IV. 

19. Which has the greatest number of volumes in the college library? 

20. Which four stand next ? 

21. How many theological seminaries are there in the United States? 

22. Which is the oldest theological seminary in the United States, and when 
did it commence its operations ? 

23. Which next? 

24. Which denomination of Christians has the greatest number of theologi- 
cal seminaries ? 

25. Which next? 

26. How many medical schools are there in the United States ? 

27. Which has the greatest number of students ? 

28. Which four are next in regard to numbers ? 

29. Where are the principal law schools ? 

30. What proportion do the students in college, bear to the whole population 
in the eastern states ? 

31. What proportion in the middle states? 

32. Southern states ? 

33. Western states ? 

34. Which is the largest library in the United States, and how many vol- 
umes does it contain ? 

35. Which is the next, and how many volumes ? 

36. Mention the four next in order. 



28 



DECLARATION OF 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 

In Congress, July 4, 1776. 
The Unanimous Declaration of the Thirteen United States of America. 

propriety When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for 
of the one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them 
Declaration. ano tj ierj an( j £q assume, among the powers of the earth, the 
separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God 
entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they 
should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. 

We hold these truths to be self-evident ; — that all men are created equal, 
Unalienable that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable 
the g peopie, rights 5 ^'dt among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happi- 
&c. . ness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among 
men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed ; that when- 
ever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right 
of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying 
its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to 
them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, in- 
deed, will dictate, that governments long established should not be changed for 
light and transient causes ; and accordingly all experience hath shown, that 
mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are sufferable, than to right 
themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when 
a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, 
Absolute evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their 
tyranny the right, it is their duty to throw off such government, and to provide 
obJ kTng°of he new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient suf- 
Gre ain Bdt f erance °f these colonies ; and such is now the necessity which con- 
strains them to alter their former systems of government. The his- 
tory of the present king of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and 
usurpations, ail having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny 
over these states. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. 

He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the 
public good. 

He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing im- 
Recitation portance, unless suspended in their operation, till his assent should 
andSrpa- ^ e obtained ; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to at- 
tions on the tend to them. He has refused to pass other laws for the accommo- 
the a Bri°tfsh Nation of large districts of people, unless those people would relin- 

crown. quish the right of representation in the legislature— a right inesti- 
mable to them, and formidable to tyrants only. 

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, 
and distant from the repository of their public records, for the sole purpose of 
fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. 

He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing, with manly 
firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people. 

He has refused, for a long time after such dissolutions, to cause others to be 
elected ; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have return- 
ed to the people at large, for their exercise ; the state remaining, in the mean 
time, exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions 
within. 

He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states ; for that pur- 
pose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to pass 



INDEPENDENCE. 



29 



others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new 
appropriations of lands. 

He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to 
laws for establishing judiciary powers. 

He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their 
offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. 

He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of 
officers, to harass our people, and eat out their substance. 

He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the con- 
sent of our legislatures. 

He has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the 
civil power. • 

He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our 
constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their acts 
of pretended legislation : 

For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us : 

For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any murders 
which they should commit on the inhabitants of these states : 

For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world : 

For imposing taxes on us without our consent : 

For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury : 

For transporting us beyond seas, to be tried for pretended offences : 

For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring province, 
establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so 
as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same 
absolute rule into these colonies : 

For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and alter- 
ing, fundamentally, the forms of our governments : 

For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with 
power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. 

He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection, 
and waging war against us. 

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and de- 
stroyed the lives of our people. 

He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to com- 
plete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun with circum- 
stances of cruelty and perfidy, scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, 
and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation. 

He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to 
bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends 
and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. 

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to 
bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose 
known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and 
conditions. 

In every stage of these oppressions, we have petitioned for redress Petitions 
in the most humble terms : our repeated petitions have been answered unavailing, 
only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked &c - 
by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. 

Nor have we been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have 
warned them, from time to time, of attempts by their legislature to extend an 
unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circum- 
stances of our migration and settlement here. We have appealed to Appeal to 
their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by jSjSXS 
the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which le9S » &c - 



30 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 



would inevitably interrupt our connexions and correspondence. They too have 
been deaf to the voice of justice and consanguinity. We must, therefore, ac- 
quiesce in the necessity which denounces our separation, and hold them, as we 
hold the rest of mankind — enemies in war, in peace friends. 
Declaration WE, therefore, the representatives of the United States of Ameri- 
of indepen- ca, in general congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of 
ence * the world, for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by 
the authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and de- 
The coio- °l are 5 tnat these united colonies are, and of right ought to be, free 
nies absolve and independent states ; that they are absolved from all allegiance to 
fromTheir tne British crown, and that all political connexion between them and 
allegiance, the state of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; 

and that, as free and independent states, they have full power to levy 
war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other 
acts and things which independent states may of right do. And for the sup- 
Mutual P ort °f tn ^ s declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Di- 
piedge of vine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our for- 

e lty * tunes, and our sacred honor. 
The foregoing declaration was, by order of congress, engrossed and signed 
by the following members : 

JOHN HANCOCK. 



New Hampshire. 
JOSIAH BART LETT, 
WILLIAM WHIPPLE, 
MATTHEW THORNTON. 

Massachusetts- Bay. 
SAMUEL ADAMS, 
JOHN ADAMS, 
ROBERT TREAT PAINE, 
ELBRIDGE GERRY. 

Rhode Island, &c. 
STEPHEN HOPKINS, 
WILLIAM ELLERY. 

Connecticut. 
ROGER SHERMAN, 
SAMUEL HUNTINGTON, 
WILLIAM WILLIAMS, 
OLIVER WOLCOTT. 

New York. 
WILLIAM FLOYD, 
PHILIP LIVINGSTON, 
FRANCIS LEWIS, 
LEWIS MORRIS. 

New Jersey. 
RICHARD STOCKTON, 
JOHN WITHERSPOON, 
FRANCIS HOPKINSON, 
JOHN HART, 
ABRAHAM CLARKE. 

Pennsylvania. 
ROBERT MORRIS, 
BENJAMIN RUSH, 
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, 
JOHN MORTON, 
GEORGE CLYMER, 
JAMES SMITH, 



GEORGE TAYLOR, 
JAMES WILSON, 
GEORGE ROSS. 

Delaware. 
CESAR RODNEY, 
GEORGE REED, 
THOMAS M'KEAN. 

Maryland. 
SAMUEL CHASE, 
WILLIAM PACA, 
THOMAS STONE, 
CHARLES CARROLL, 

of Carrollton. 

Virginia. 
GEORGE WYTHE, 
RICHARD HENRY LEE, 
THOMAS JEFFERSON, 
BENJAMIN HARRISON, 
THOMAS NELSON, Jr. 
FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT LEE 
CARTER BRAXTON. 

North Carolina. 
WILLIAM HOOPER, 
JOSEPH HEWES, 
JOHN PENN. 

South Carolina. 
EDWARD RUTLEDGE, 
THOMAS HEYWARD, Jr. 
THOMAS LYNCH, Jr. 
ARTHUR MIDDLETON. 

Georgia. 
BURTON GWINNETT, 
LYMAN HALL, 
GEORGE WALTON. 



THE UNITED STATES. 



31 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

WE, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, 
establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, 
promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves 
and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States 
of America. 

ARTICLE I. SECTION I. 

All legislative powers herein granted, shall be vested in a Con- Congress 
gress of the United States, which shall consist of a senate and a 
house of representatives. 

SECTION II. 

The House of Representatives shall be composed of members Houseof 
chosen every second year by the people of the several states ; and Representa- 
the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for 1 
electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. 

No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age 
of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United Members of 
States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that 
state in which he shall be chosen. 

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several 
states which may be included within this union, according to their Apportion- 
respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the ment - 
whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of 
years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The 
actual enumeration shall be made within the three years after the first meeting 
of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten 
years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of represent- 
atives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have 
at least one representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the 
state of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three; Massachusetts 
eight ; Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one ; Connecticut five ; New 
York six ; New Jersey four ; Pennsylvania eight ; Delaware one ; Maryland 
six ; Virginia ten ; North Carolina five ; South Carolina five ; and Georgia 
three. 

When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the _ 

* V 3,CR.I1C1GS 

executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill up such 

vacancies, ' _ _ Officers, and 

The house of representatives shall choose their speaker and other p° w er of im- 
ofrlcers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. 

SECTION III. 

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two sena- genate 
tors from each state, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years ; 
and each senator shall have one vote. 

Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first elec- 
tion, they shall be divided, as equally as may be, into three classes. C]asseg 
The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the 
expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the 
fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that 
one-third may be chosen every second year ; and if vacancies happen, by re- 
signation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any state, the 



32 



CONSTITUTION OP 



executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of 

the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 

No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty 
Quaiifica- y ears > anc * been mne y ea rs a citizen of the United States, and who 
tions of shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he 

members. ghaU be chosen . 

President of. ^ ne v i ce *P res ident of the United States shall be president of the 

' Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided, 
other offi- The senate shall choose their other officers, and also a president 
cers. pro-tempore, in the absence of the vice-president, or when he shall 
exercise the office of president of the United States. 

Trial of im- The senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. 
peachments - When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. 
When the president of the United States is tried, the chief justice shall pre- 
side ; and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds 
of the members present. 
Judgment Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than 
to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any 
office of honor, trust, or profit, under the United States ; but the party convict- 
ed shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and 
punishment according to law. 

SECTION IV. 

Elections The times, places, and manner of holding elections for senators 
°/ n s d e " e a p t r ° e r , s and representatives, shall be prescribed in each state by the legisla- 
eentatives. ture thereof ; but the congress may, at any time, by law, make or 
alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators. 
Meeting of The congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such 
congress. me eting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall 
by law appoint a different day. 

SECTION V. 

Powers of Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and quali- 
each house. fi ca tions of its own members; and a majority of each shall consti- 
tute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to 
day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in 
such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. 

Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members 
for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a 
member. 

Journals * Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from 
time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their 
Yeas and judgment require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members 
nays. 0 f e jther house, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of 
those present, be entered on the journal. 
Adjourn- Neither house, during the session of congress, shall, without the 
ment. consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any 
other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 

SECTION VI. 

compensa- ^he senat °rs and representatives shall receive a compensation for 
tion and their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury 
privileges. Q £ ^ e United States. They shall, in all cases, except treason, 
felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their at- 
tendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to or returning 
from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not 
be questioned in any other place. 



THE UNITED STATES. 



33 



No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he Exclusion o{ 
was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of members 
the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments a f Jid disSi- 
whereof shall have been increased, during such time ; and no person ficatjon to^be 
holding any office under the United States shall be a member of mem ers ' 
either house during his continuance in office* 

SECTION VII. 

All bills for raising revenues shall originate in the house of repre- Revenue 
sentatives ; but the senate may propose or concur with amendments, BlIls - 
as on other bills. 

Every bill which shall have passed the house of representatives Negative of 
and the senate, shall, tefore it becomes a law, be presented to the the Presi- 
president of the United States ; if he approve, he shall sign it ; but dent " 
if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall 
have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and 
proceed to re-consider it. If, after such re-consideration, two-thirds of that 
house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, 
to the other house, by which it shall likewise be re-considered, and if approved 
by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases, the 
votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of 
the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of 
each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the president 
within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, 
the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the con- 
gress by their adjournment prevent its return ; in which case it shall not be a 
law. 

Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the senate and 
house of representatives may be necessary, (except on a question of adjourn- 
ment,) shall be presented to the president of the United States ; and before the 
same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, 
shall be repassed by two-thirds of the senate and house of representatives, ac- 
cording to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. 

SECTION VIII. 

The congress shall have power — 

To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises ; to pay the powers of 
debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the con s r ess. 
United States ; but all duties, imposts, and excises, shall be uniform throughout 
the United States : 

To borrow money on the credit of the United States : 

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, 
and with the Indian tribes : 

To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the sub- 
ject of bankruptcies, throughout the United States : 

To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the 
standard of weights and measures : 

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current 
coin of the United States : 

To establish post-offices and post-roads : 

To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing, for limited 
times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings 
and discoveries : 

To constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court : to define and punish 
piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against the law 
of nations : 

E 



34 



CONSTITUTION OF 



To declare war, grant Ietters-of-marque and reprisal, and make rules con- 
cerning captures on land and water : 

To raise and support armies ; but no appropriation of money to that use 
shall be for a longer term than two years : 

To provide and maintain a navy : 

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval 
forces : 

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, sup- 
press insurrections, and repel invasions : 

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for gov- 
erning such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United 
States, reserving to the states, respectively, the appointment of the officers, and 
the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by 
congress : 

To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district 
(not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, 
and the acceptance of congress, become the seat of government of the United 
States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased, by the consent 
of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of 
forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings : — and, 

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into ex- 
ecution the foregoing powers, vested by this constitution in the government oi 
the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. 

SECTION IX. 

Restrictions The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states 
on congress. now ex i s ti n g shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by 
the congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight ; but a tax 
or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for 
each person. 

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless 
when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. 

No bill of attainder, or ex post facto law, shall be passed. 

No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the 
census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. 

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No prefer- 
ence shall be given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to the ports of 
one state over those of another : nor shall vessels bound to or from one state y 
be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. 

Public No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence 

money. 0 f appropriations made by law : and a regular statement and account 
of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from 
time to time. 

No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States > and no person 
holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of 
congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind what- 
ever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. 

SECTION X. 

Restrictions No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation ; 
on the states. g rant fetters-of-marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of 
credit ; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts ; 
pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of 
contracts ; or grant any title of nobility. 

No state shall, without the consent of the congress, lay any imposts or duties 
on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its 
inspection laws ; and the neat produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state 



THE UNITED STATES. 



35 



on imports or exports, shall be for the treasury of the United States, and all such 
laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the congress. No state 
shall, without the consent of the congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops 
or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with 
another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually in- 
vaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. 

ARTICLE II. SECTION I. 

The executive power shall be vested in a president of the United Executive 
States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four P 5^ t r, a p n r J si " 
years, and, together with the vice-president, chosen for the same vice-presi- 
term, be elected as follows : dent ' 

Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof Electorg 
may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of sena- 
tors and representatives to which the state may be entitled in the congress ; but 
no senator or representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under 
the United States, shall be appointed an elector. 

The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for two per- Thjg para . 
sons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with them- graph has 
selves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number bke ^J™] 11 " 
of votes for each ; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to 
the seat of government of the United States, directed to the president of the senate, art. 12th of 
The president of the senate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of re- amendments, 
presentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having 
the greatest number of votes shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole 
number of electors appointed ; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and 
have an equal number of votes, then the house of representatives shall immediately choose, by 
ballot, one of them for president ; and if no person have a majority, then, from the five highest 
on the list, the said house shall, in like manner, choose the president. But, in choosing the 
president, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one 
vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the 
states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the 
choice of the president, the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors, shall 
be the vice-president. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the 
senate shall choose from them, by ballot, the vice-president. 

The congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and Choosing 
the day on which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the electors, and 
same throughout the United States. theirvoting. 

No person, except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United President , s 
States at the time of the adoption of this constitution, shall be eligible quaiifica- 
to the office of president : neither shall any person be eligible to that tlons - 
office, who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been four- 
teen years a resident within the United States. 

In case of the removal of the president from office, or of his death, 
resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said Vacancy - 
office, the same shall devolve on the vice-president, and the congress may, by 
law, provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the 
president and vice-president, declaring what officer shall then act as president , 
and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a 
president shall be elected. 

The president shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- compensa- 
pensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the tion - 
period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within 
that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. 

Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the Q ^ 
following oath or affirmation : 

" I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of 
the president of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, 
protect, and defend, the constitution of the United States." 



36 



CONSTITUTION OF 



SECTION II. 

-Powers r ^^ ie P res ^ ent sna ^ De commander-in-chief of the army and navy of 
the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called 
into the actual service of the United States ; he may require the opinion, in writ- 
ing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject 
relating to the duties of their respective offices ; and he shall have power to 
grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in 
cases of impeachment. 

He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, to 
make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present concur : and he shall 
nominate, and, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, shall appoint 
ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the supreme court, 
and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein 
otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law. But the con- 
gress may, by law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think 
proper, in the president alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of depart- 
ments. 

The president shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen 
during the recess of the senate, by granting commissions, which shall expire 
at the end of their next session. 

SECTION III. 

He shall, from time to time, give to the congress information of the state of 
the union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall 
judge necessary and expedient : he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene 
both houses, or either of them, and, in case of disagreement between them, with 
respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he 
shall think proper ; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers ; 
he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed; and shall commission 
all the officers of the United States. 

SECTION IV. 

impeach- The president, vice-president, and all civil officers of the United 
ments. States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and convic- 
tion of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 

ARTICLE III. SECTION I. 

judiciary, The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one 
courts and supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the congress may, from 
judges. ^ time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme 

and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior ; and shall, at 
stated times, receive for their services a compensation which shall not be dimin- 
ished during their continuance in office. 

SECTION II. 

Jurisdiction j^icial P owe ^ shall extend to all cases in law and equity, 

'arising under this constitution, the laws of the United States, and 
treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases 
affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls ; to all cases of ad- 
miralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United States 
shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more states ; between a state 
and citizens of another state ; between citizens of different states ; between citi- 
zens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states ; and be ■ 
tween a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens, or subjects. 
Original and In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and con- 
appeiiate. su ] s? anc [ those in which a state shall be a party, the supreme court 
shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the 
supreme court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with 
such exceptions, and unxier such regulations, as the congress shall make. 



THE UNITED STATES. 37 

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be 
by jury, and such trial shall be held in the state where the said ury a ' 
crimes shall have been committed ; but when not committed in any state, the 
trial shall be at such place or places as the congress may by law have directed. 

SECTION III. 

Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war Treason 
against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and eason - 
comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of 
two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. 

The congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason : but no 
attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during 
the life of the person attainted. 

ARTICLE IV. SECTION I. 

Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, credit by 
records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And the con- st 1 ^ e a s c t t °P'j. b 
gress may, by general laws, prescrioe the manner in which such acts, each other, 
records, and proceedings, shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 

SECTION II, 

The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and im- 
munities of citizens in the several states. Citizenship. 

A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, Fugitives 
who shall flee from justice, and be found in another state, shall, on from J ustice - 
demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered 
up, to be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime. 

No person held to service or labor in one state under the laws From labor 
thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or 
regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor ; but shall be de- 
livered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. 

SECTION III. 

New states may be admitted by the congress into this union ; but New 
no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any 
other state, nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, or 
parts of states, without the consent of the legislatures of the states concerned, 
as well as of the congress. 

The congress shall have power to dispose of, and make all needful Territories 
rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property be- 
longing to the United States ; and nothing in this constitution shall be so con- 
strued as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular 
state. 

SECTION IV. 

The United States shall guaranty to every state in this union, a Guaranteeof 
republican form of government, and shall protect each of them republican 
against invasion ; and, on application of the legislature, or of the ex- government, 
ecutive, (when the legislature cannot be convened,) against domestic violence. 

ARTICLE V. 

The congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it Amend- 
necessary, shall propose amendments to this constitution ; or, on the ments - 
application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call a 
convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to 
all intents and purposes, as part of this constitution, when ratified by the legis- 
latures of three-fourths of the several states, or by conventions in three-fourths 
thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the 
congress ; provided, that no amendment which may be made prior to the year 
one thousand eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner affect the first and 



38 



CONSTITUTION OF 



fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article : and that no state, with- 
out its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the senate. 

ARTICLE VI. 

„ . , . All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the 

Prior debts. . . . . . 

' adoption of this constitution, shall be as valid against the United 
States under this constitution, as under the confederation. 
Supreme This constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be 
law - made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be 
made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the 
land ; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby ; any thing in the 
constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. 
Oath of office ^ e senators an( ^ representatives before mentioned, and the mem- 
"bers of the several state legislatures, and all executive and judicial 
officers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by 
No religious oath or affirmation to support this constitution : but no religious test 
test - shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust 
under the United States. 

ARTICLE VII. 

The ratification of the conventions of nine states shall be sufficient 
for the establishment of this constitution between the states so ratify- 
ing the same. 

Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States present, the 
seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven 
hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of 
America the twelfth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our 
names. 

GEORGE WASHINGTON, 
President, and Deputy from Virginia. 



Ratification. 



NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 

John Langdon, 
Nicholas Gilman. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Nathaniel Gorham, 
Rufus King. 

CONNECTICUT. 

William Samuel Johnson, 
Roger Sherman. 

NEW-YORK. 

Alexander Hamilton. 

NEW-JERSEY. 

William Livingston, 
David Brearly, 
William Patterson, 
Jonathan Dayton. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Benjamin Franklin, 
Thomas Mifflin, 
Robert Morris, 
George Clymer, 
Thomas Fitzsimmons, 
Jared Ingersoll, 
James Wilson, 
Gouverneur Morris. 
Attest, 



DELAWARE. 

George Read, 
Gunning Bedford, Jr. 
John Dickinson, 
Richard Bassett, 
Jacob Broom. 

MARYLAND. 

James M'Henry, 

Daniel of St. Tho. Jenifer, 

Daniel Carroll. 

VIRGINIA. 

John Blair, 
James Madison, Jr. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

William Blount, 
Richard Dobbs Spaight, 
Hugh Williamson. 

SOUTH CAROLINA 

John Rutledge, 

Charles Cotes worth Pinckney 

Charles Pinckney, 

Pierce Butler. 

GEORGIA. 

William Few, 
Abraham Baldwin. 
WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. 



rHE UNITED STATES. 



39 



AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 

Art. 1. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment Religious 
of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the lib «ty. 
freedom of speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to 
assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. 

Art. 2. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of Mmtia 
a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not 1 1 ia ' 
be infringed. 

Art. 3. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any Quartering 
house without the consent of the owner ; nor in time cf war, but in a soldiers - 
manner to be prescribed by law. 

Art. 4. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, warrants of 
houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and sei- search or 
zures, shall not be violated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon arres ' 
probable cause, supported by cath or affirmation, and particularly describing 
the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. 

Art. 5. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or other- privileges of 
wise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a accused - 
grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, 
when in actual service, in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person 
be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb, nor 
shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor 
be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law ; nor shall 
private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. 

Art. 6. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the Rights of 
right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state accused - 
and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall 
have been previously ascertained by law ; and to be informed of the nature and 
cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him ; to 
have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor ; and to have 
the assistance of counsel for his defence. 

Art. 7. In suits at common lav/, where the value in controversy j-. guits 
shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be pre- 1 
served ; and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court 
of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. 

Art. 8. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines Bail, punish- 
imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. ments. 

Art. 9. The enumeration in the constitution of certain rights, shall Rights re- 
not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people, tained. 

Art. 10. The powers not delegated to the United States by the con- Reserved 
stitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states powers, 
respectively, or to the people. 

Art. 1 1 . The judicial power of the United States shall not be con- state not 
strued to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecu- suable, 
ted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens 
or subjects of any foreign state. 

Art. 12. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and Election of 
vote by ballot for president and vice-president, one of whom, at least, JjJ "JjjJJ 
shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they president, 
shall name in their ballots the person voted for as president, and in distinct 
ballots the person voted for as vice-president ; and they shall make distinct 
lists of all persons voted for as president, and of all persons voted for as vice- 
president, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and 
certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, 



40 



CONSTITUTION OF 



directed to the president of the senate : the president of the senate shall, in the 
presence of the senate and house of representatives, open all the certificates, 
and the votes shall then be counted ; the person having the greatest number of 
votes for president, shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the 
whole number of electors appointed : and if no person have such majority, then 
from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list 
of those voted for as president, the house of representatives shall choose imme- 
diately, by ballot, the president. But, in choosing the president, the votes shall 
be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote ; a quo- 
rum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of 
the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And 
if the house of representatives shall not choose a president whenever the right 
of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next follow- 
ing, then the vice-president shall act as president, as in the case of the death 
or other constitutional disability of the president. 

The person having the greatest number of votes as vice-president, shall be 
the vice-president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of elec- 
tors appointed : and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest 
numbers on the list, the senate shall choose the vice-president : a quorum for 
the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of senators, and a 
majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice, 
duaiifica. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of president, 
'president!" sha11 be eli g ible to that of vice-president of the United States. 



QUESTIONS ON THE CONSTITUTION OF THE 
UNITED STATES. 

1. Of what branches does the congress of the United States consist? 

2. Of what is the house of representatives composed ? 

3. What are the qualifications necessary for a representative ? 

4. What number of inhabitants sends a representative to congress ? 

5. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, how are 
they to be filled ? 

6. Of what persons is the senate composed ? 

7. In what manner, and for how long a period, are the senators chosen ? 

8. Into how many classes are the senators divided ? 

9. How often are the seats of these classes vacated ? 

10. When vacancies in the senate happen during the recess of the legisla- 
ture of any state, how are they to be filled ? 

11. What age must a senator have attained? 

12. How many years must he have been a citizen of the United States? 

13. Who is the president of the senate? 

14. How often does congress assemble? 

15. What day is fixed for its meeting? 

16. From what fund are the members of congress compensated? 

17. When a bill has passed the house of representatives and the senate, to 
(•vhom must it be presented before it becomes a law ? 

18. What must the president do? 

19. If the bill is returned without the signature of the president, what course 
is to be pursued by congress ? 

20. What is a necessary qualification of the president, with regard to his 
place of birth? 

21. What must be his age? 

22. During how many years must he have resided within the country 1 



THE UNITED STATES. 



41 



28. For how many years do the president and vice-president hold their 
offices ? 

24. In what manner are they elected ? 

See Art. II. Sect. I. clause 2, and Art. 12 of the amendments. 

25. Who is to be commander-in-chief of the army and navy, and of the 
militia, when called into actual service 1 

26. What is said in regard to the power of the president ? 

27. What in regard to his duty ? Sect. III. Art. II. 

28. For what crimes are the officers of the United States to be removed from 
office ] 

29. How is the judicial power vested? 

30. In what does treason against the United States consist ? 

31. What form of government do the United States guaranty to every 
member of the great political family — the several states ? 

32. Against what injuries are they bound to protect each state ? 

33. What is said in regard to amendments 1 

34. What in regard to religion, freedom of speech, and of the press 1 See 
Art. I. of the amendments. 



PRESIDENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, 
FROM 1774 to 1789. 



Peyton Randolph, - 
John Hancock, - - 
Henry Laurens, - - 
John Jay, - - - - 
Samuel Huntington, 
Thomas M'Kean, - 
John Hanson, - - 
Elias Boudinot, - - 
Thomas Mifflin, - - 
Richard Henry Lee, 
Nathanial Gorham, - 
Arthur St. Clair, 
Cyrus Griffin, - - 



From 

- Virginia, - - 

- Massachusetts, 

- South Carolina, 

- New York, 

- Connecticut, - 

- Delaware, - - 

- Maryland, - - 

- New Jersey, - 

- Pennsylvania, - 

- Virginia, - - 

- Massachusetts, 

- Pennsylvania, - 

- Virginia, - - 



Elected 
Sept. 5, 1774. 
May 24, 1775. 
Nov. 1, 1777. 
Dec. 10, 1778. 
Sept. 28, 1779. 
July 10, 1781 
Nov. 5, 1781. 
Nov. 4, 1782. 
Nov. 3, 1783. 
Nov. 30, 1786. 
June 6, 1786. 
Feb. 2, 1787. 
Jan. 22, 1788. 



PRINCIPAL OFFICERS UNDER THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. 



First Administration. 
George Washington, Virginia, April 30, 
John Adams, 



Thomas Jefferson, 
Edmund Randolph, 
Timothy Pickering, 
Alexander Hamilton, 
Oliver Wolcott, 
Henry Knox, 
Timothy Pickering, 
James M'Henry, 
Edmund Randolph, 
William Bradford, 
Charles Lee, 



Massachusetts, 
Virginia, Sept. 26, 
Jan. 2. 
Massachusetts, Dec. 10, 
New York, Sept. 11, 
Connecticut, Feb. 3, 
Massachusetts, Sept. 12, 

" Jan. 
Maryland, 



Virginia, 

Pennsylvania, 

Virginia, 

F 



o 

Jan. 27, 
Sept. 26, 
Jan. 27, 
Dec. 10, 



President. 
Vice-President. 

* Secretaries of 
I State. 

^Secretaries of 
[ the Treasury. 

r Secretaries of 
^ War. 

' Attorneys 
, General. 



OFFICERS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION. 



John Adams, 
Thomas Jefferson, 
Timothy Pickering, 
John Marshall, 
Oliver Wolcott, 
Samuel Dexter, 
James M'Henry, 
Samuel Dexter, 
Roger Griswold, 



Second Administration, 
Massachusetts, March 4, 1797. President. 

" " Vice-President. 

) Secretaries of 
Virginia, May 13, 1800. $ State. 

) Secretaries of 

Massachusetts, Dec. 31, 1800. $ the Treasury. 



Connecticut, 



Benjamin Stoddard, Maryland, 
Charles Lee, 



May 13, 1800, 
Feb. 3, 1801. 

May 21, 1798. 



Secretaries of 
War. 

Secretary of 
the Navy. 

Attorney 
General. 



Third Administration, 

March 4, 1801. 



President. 
Vice-Presidents, 



Thomas Jefferson, 

Aaron Burr, New York, " " 

George Clinton, " " 1805. ^ 

James Madison, Virginia, March 5, 1801. | ° f 

) Secretaries of 
$ the Treasury* 
} Secretary of 
$ War. 
} Secretaries of 
<j the Navy 

r Attorneys 
i General. 



Samuel Dexter, 
Albert Gallatin, 

Henry Dearborn, 

Benjamin Stoddert, 
Robert Smith, 
Levi Lincoln, 
John Breckenridge, 
Caesar A. Rodney, 



Pennsylvania, Jan. 26, 1802. 
Massachusetts, March 5, 1801. 

Maryland, Jan. 26, 1802. 
Massachusetts, March 5, 1801. 
Kentucky, Dec. 23, 1805. 
Delaware, Jan, 20, 1807. 



James Madison, 
George Clinton, 
Elbridge Gerry, 
Robert Smith, 
James Monroe, 
Albert Gallatin, 
G. W. Campbell, 
Alexander J. Dallas, 
William Eustis, 
John Armstrong 
James Monroe, 
W. H. Crawford, 
Paul Hamilton, 
William Jones, 
B. W. Crowninshield, 
Csesar A. Rodney, 
William Pinkney, 
Richard Rush, 



Fourth Administration, 

March 4, 
a 

Massachusetts, " 
Maryland, March 6, 
Virginia, Nov. 25, 



Tennessee, 
Pennsylvania, 
Massachusetts, 
New York, 

Georgia, 
South Carolina, 
Pennsylvania, 
Massachusetts, 



Feb. 9, 
Oct. 6. 

March 7, 
Jan. 13, 
Sept. 27. 
March 2, 
March 7, 
Jan. 12, 
Dec. 19, 



Maryland, Dec. 11, 
Pennsylvania, Feb. 10, 



1809. 



1809. 
1811. 

1814. 
1814. 
1809. 
1813. 
1814. 
1815. 
1809. 
1813. 
1814. 

1811. 
1814. 



President* 

Vice-Presidents* 

Secretaries of 
State. 

Secretaries of 
the Treasury. 



i Secretaries of 
f War. 



Secretaries of 
the Navy. 



Attorneys 
General. 



OFFICERS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION. 



43 



Fifth Administration. 
James Monroe, March 4, fl817. 

Daniel D. Tompkins, New York, 

John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts, March 5, 1817. 

William H. Crawford, March 5, 1812. 

John C. Calhoun, South Carolina, March 5, 1817. 
B. W. Crowninshield, 

Smith Thompson, New York, Nov. 30, 1818. 
Samuel L. Southard, New Jersey, Dec. 9, 1823. 
Richard Rush, 

Dec. 16, 1817. 



William Wirt, Virginia, 



President. 

Vice-President. 
i Secretary of 
I State. 
{ Secretary of 
I the Treasury. 
i Secretary of 
\ War. 

f Secretaries of 
C the Navy. 

} Attorneys 
) General. 



Sixth Administration. 



John Quinoy Adams, 
John C. Calhoun, 

Henry Clay, 

Richard Rush, 

James Barbour, 
Peter B. Porter, 

Samuel L. Southard, 
William Wirt, 



Kentucky, 



Virginia, 
New York, 



March 4, 1825. President. 
" " Vice-President. 

March 8, 1825. \ SM g*g r ° f 



March 7, 



\ 

( Secretary of 
\ the Treasury. 
March 7, " > Secretaries of 
May 26, 1828. \ War. 

{ Secretary of 
I the Navy. 
Attorney 
General. 



Andrew Jackson, 
John C. Calhoun, 
Martin Van Buren, 
Martin Van Buren, 
Edward Livingston, 
Louis McLane, 
John Forsythe, 
Samuel D. Ingham, 
Lewis McLane, 
Wm. J. Duane, 
R. B. Taney, 
Levi Woodbury, 
John H. Eaton, 
Hugh L. White, 
Lewis Cass, 
John Branch, 
Levi Woodbury, 
Mahlon Dickerson, 
John McP. Berrien, 
R. B. Taney, 
Benj. F. Butler, 



Seventh Administration. 
Tennessee, March 4, 1829. 



New York, 

cc 

Louisiana, 

Delaware, 

Georgia, 

Pennsylvania, 

Delaware, 

Pennsylvania, 

Maryland, 

N. Hampshire, 

Tennessee, 



1833. 
March 6, 1829. 
May, 1831. 

1833. 
1834. 

March, 1829.' 
May, 1831. 

1833. 
1833. 
1834. 

March 9, 1829. 

1831. 

Ohio, 1831. 
North Carolina, March 9, 1829. 
N. Hampshire, 1831. 
New Jersey, 1834. 
Georgia, March 9, 1829. 

Maryland, 1831. 
New York, 1833. 



President. 
Vice-Presidents. 



Secretaries of 
State. 



Secretaries of 
the Treasury. 



Secretaries of 
War. 

Secretaries of 
the Navy. 

Attorneys 
General , 



OFFICERS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION. 



Ministers to France. 



Governeur Morris, - 
James Monroe, - - 
Charles C. Pinkney, 
Charles C. Pinkney, 
Elbridge Gerry, - - 
John Marshall, - - 
Oliver Ellsworth, 
William Vans Murray 
William R. Davie, - 
James A. Bayard, - 
Robert R. Livingston, 
John Armstrong, 

Joel Barlow, - - - - " Connecticut 
William H. Crawford, - 
Albert Gallatin, - - - 
James Brown, - - - 
William C. Rives, - - 
Edward Livingston, 



of New Jersey, 
u Virginia, - - 
" South Carolina, 



Massachusetts, 
Virginia, - - 
Connecticut, - 
Maryland, 
North Carolina, 
Delaware, 
New York, - 



Jan. 12, 1792. 
May 28, 1804. 
Sept. 9, 1796. 

■ June 5, 1797. 



Feb. 26, 1799. 



Georgia, - - - 

Pennsylvania, - 

Louisiana, - - 

Virginia, - - 

Louisiana, - - 



Feb. 19, 
Oct. 2, 
June 30, 
Feb. 27, 
April 9, 
Feb. 28, 
Dec. 9, 



1801. 
1801. 
1804. 
1811. 
1813. 
1815. 
1823. 
1829. 
1833. 



Ministers to Great Britain. 



Governeur Morris, - 

Thomas Pinkney, - 

John Jay, - - - 
Rufus King, - 

James Monroe, - - 

James Monroe, - - 

William Pinkney, - 

William Pinkney, - 
John Quincy Adams, 

Richard Rush, - - 

Rufus King, - - - 

Albert Gallatin, - - 

James Barbour, - - 

Louis McLane, - - 

Aaron Vail, - - - 



of New Jersey, 
" South Carolina, 
" New York, - 
u tt u 

« Virginia, 
u a 

" Maryland, 

" Massachusetts, 
" Pennsylvania, 
" New York, - 
" Pennsylvania, 
» Virginia, 
" Delaware, - 



Oct. 
Jan. 

April 
May 
April 

| May 

Feb. 
Feb. 

Dec. 
May 
May 
May 



13, 1789. 
12, 1792. 

19, 1794. 

20, 1796. 
18, 1803. 

12, 1806. 

26, 1808. 
28, 1815. 
16, 1817. 

5, 1825. 
18, 1826. 
23, 1828. 

- 1829. 

- 1833. 



Chief Justices of the United States. 

John Jay, New York, - Sept. 28, 1789. 

William dishing, - - - Massachusetts, Jan. 22, 1796. 
Oliver Ellsworth, - - - Connecticut, - March 4, 1796. 
John Marshall, - - - - Virginia, - - Jan. 27, 1801. 



THE UNITED STATES. 



•15 



INDIVIDUAL STATES. 



MAINE. 

It is the most north-eastern state of the Union, bounded N. W. and N. by 
Lower-Canada, E. by New Brunswick, S. by the Atlantic, and W. by New 
Hampshire. It lies between 43 and 48 degrees N. latitude, and 6 and 10 E. 
longitude from Washington. Its greatest length from N. to S. is 225 miles, 
and greatest breadth from E. to W. 195 ; and it is estimated to contain 
32,628 square miles. Population in 1790, 96,540; in 1800, 151,719; in 
1810, 228,705; in 1820, 298,335; and in 1830, 399,462. Population to a 
square mile, 12. 

Note. — The boundary of Maine cannot be considered as definitely settled. A dispute 
having arisen between the authorities of the state and those of the British province of New- 
Brunswick, which adjoins it on the north-east, the governments of the United States and 
Great Britain referred the matter to the arbitration of the king of Holland. His award has 
been given ; but it has not proved satisfactory to the people of Maine, and the senate of the 
United States has not yet consented to its ratification. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



Counties. 

Cumberland sw 

Hancock s 

Kennebec m 

Lincoln s 

Oxford w 

Penobscot n 

Somerset nw 

Waldo s 

Washington e 

York sw 
Total 



Note.— -The small letters annexed to the counties indicate their situation in the several 
states ; as e, w, n, s, we, nm, em, fyc. east, west, north, south, north-east, north of middle, east 
of middle, Sfc. The seats of government of the different states are printed in small capitals. 
When more than one town is mentioned to a county, the first is the county town. 



Pop. 1820. 



Pop. 1830. 



49,445 
17,856 
40,150 

46,843 

27,104 
13,870 
21,787 
22,253 
12,744 



298,335 



60,113 
24,347 
52,491 

57,181 

35,217 
31,530 
35,788 
29,790 
21,295 

51,710 



399,462 



County Towns. 



Portland 

Castine 

Augusta 
( Wiscasset 
{ Topsham 
^ Warren 

Paris 

Bangor 

Norridgewock 

Belfast 

Machias 
< York 
} Alfred 



Pop. 


Distance 

from 
Augusta. 


12,601 


53 


1,155 


78 


3,980 




2,443 


24 


1,564 


31 


2,030 


44 


2,337 


42 


2,868 


66 


1,710 


28 


3,077 


40 


1,021 


143 


3,485 


99 


1,453 


86 



46 



MAINE. 



The principal rivers are the Penobscot, Kennebeck, Androscoggin, Saco, St. 
Croix, and St. Johns. The principal bays are Casco, Penobscot, Frenchman's, 
Englishman's, Machias, and Passamaquoddy. The most noted lakes are 
Moosehead, Umbagog, Sebago, Schoodic, and several others farther in the 
interior. 

Maine is rather an elevated country, having generally a diversified surface. 
A tract commencing on the west side of the state, east of the White Mountains, 
in New Hampshire, and holding a north-east direction as far as the heads of the 
Aroostic, about 160 miles in length, and 60 in its greatest breadth, is moun- 
tainous. Katahdin mountain, in this range, is supposed to be the highest land 
between the Atlantic and the St. Lawrence. There is also a small mountain- 
ous tract in the northern extremity. The remainder of the state may be con- 
sidered, generally, as a moderately hilly country. 

The tract of country along the sea-coast from 10 to 20 miles wide embraces 
all the varieties of sandy, gravelly, clayey, and loamy soils, frequently inter- 
spersed at short distances ; seldom very rich, in many places tolerably fertile, 
but generally poor. Of this section Indian corn, rye, barley, grass, &c. are 
the principal productions. In the tract lying north of this, and extending 50 
miles from the sea in the western, 80 in the central, and 90 in the eastern part, 
the same kinds of soil are found, but they are less frequently diversified, and 
generally more fertile. The surface rises into large swells of generally good 
soil, between which, on the margin of the streams, are frequently rich inter- 
vals, and in other places sandy or gravelly pine plains, or spruce and cedar 
swamps. Of this section the principal productions are grass, Indian corn, 
wheat, barley, rye, flax, &c. 

The country beyond the limits above specified, is but little settled. It exhibits 
great diversities in the appearance of its soil, growth of timber, and also in 
climate. The land on the Kennebeck, and between this river and the Penob- 
scot, is accounted the best in the district. It is well adapted to the various pur- 
poses of agriculture, and as a grazing country, it is one of the finest in New 
England. 

Though the climate of Maine is subject to great extremes of heat and cold, 
yet the air in all parts of the country is pure and salubrious. The summers in 
most parts are favorable to the growth of all the vegetable productions of the 
northern states. In some parts, however, Indian corn and some other plants 
of a more tender kind, are frequently injured and sometimes destroyed by frosts 
late in the spring and early in autumn. The cold of winter is severe, yet the 
serenity of the sky, and the invigorating influence of the atmosphere, during 
the same season, make amends, in some degree, for the severity of the weather. 
It is said that an inhabitant on Kennebeck river requires more clothing in winter 
to keep him comfortable in Boston than at home. 

Maine enjoys great facilities for commerce. The coast is indented with bays, 
abounding in excellent harbors. All the settled parts of the country lie near a 
market, and the produce of the farmer is readily exchanged for money, at a 
good price. Value of the exports for the year ending 1st Jan. 1830, $738,000. 

The principal article of export is lumber. Vast quantities of boards, shin- 
gles, clapboards, masts, spars, &c. are transported to the neighboring states, to 
the West Indies, and to Europe. Much of the fire-wood consumed in Boston, 
Salem, &c. is brought from Maine. Dried fish and pickled salmon are con- 
siderable articles of export. Beef, pork, butter, pot and pearl ashes, and some 
grain, are also among the exports. 

The principal manufactures consist of cotton and woollen cloths, hats, shoes, 
boots, leather, iron, nails, distilled spirits, and cordage. The number of cotton 
mills in 1831, was 8 ; capital in do. $765,000 ; yards of cloth made annually, 
1,750,000. 



MAINE. 47 

There are 20 banks in this state ; 6 at Portland, including a branch of the 
United States' Bank ; 2 at Saco ; 2 at Bath ; 1 at Kennebunk ; 1 at Augusta , 
1 at Gardiner ; 1 at Water ville ; 1 at Bangor ; 1 at Thomaston ; 1 at S. Ber- 
wick ; 1 at Brunswick ; 1 at Vassalborough, and 1 at Winthrop. 

The first permanent settlement in Maine was formed about the year 
1630 ; and for several years the government of the colony was ad- 1S ° ry ' 
ministered in the name of Sir Ferdinando Gorges as proprietor of the country. 

In 1652, the inhabitants of Maine were placed under the jurisdiction of Mas- 
sachusetts. The country was, however, afterwards claimed by the heirs of 
Gorges, but was, in 1677, purchased by the colony of Massachusetts. From 
that time the territory formed a part of the colony and afterwards of the state 
of Massachusetts, and was styled, the District of Maine, till the year 1820, 
when it was erected into an independent state. 

The constitution of this state was formed in 1819, and went into Constitution 
operation in 1820. The legislative power is vested in a Senate and and govern- 
a House of Representatives, both elected annually by the people, on ment- 
the second Monday in September. These two bodies are together styled The 
Legislature of Maine. The number of representatives cannot be less than 100, 
nor more than 200. A town having 1,500 inhabitants is entitled to send 1 re- 
presentative ; having 3,750,2; 6,775,3; 10,500,4; 15,000, 5; 20,250, 6; 
26,250, 7 ; but no town can ever be entitled to more than 7 representatives. 
The number of senators cannot be less than 20, nor more than 31. The legis- 
lature meets at Augusta annually, on the first Wednesday in January. 

The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected annually by the 
people, on the second Monday in September, and his term of office commences 
on the first Wednesday in January. A council of seven members is elected 
annually on the first Wednesday in January, by joint ballot of the senators and 
representatives, to advise the governor in the executive part of government. 

The right of suffrage is granted to every male citizen aged 21 years or up- 
wards (excepting paupers, persons under guardianship, and Indians not taxed), 
having had his residence established in the state for the term of three months 
next preceding an election. 

The Literary Seminaries in Maine are Bowdoin College at Brunswick, a 
flourishing institution ; Waterville College, at Waterville, under the direction 
of the Baptist denomination ; a Theological School at Bangor ; the Gardiner 
Lyceum, at Gardiner ; and the Maine Wesleyan Seminary, at Readfield, which 
unites agricultural and mechanical labor with literary instruction. 

Every town is required by law to raise annually, for the support of common 
schools, a sum equal at least to 40 cents for each person in the town, and to 
distribute this sum among the several school districts, according to the number 
of scholars in each. 

On an island in Penobscot river, there are still the remains of the Indiang 
Penobscot tribe of Indians. They consist of about 100 families, are " ians ' 
Roman Catholics, and have a church and a priest. 

The Baptists have 210 churches, 136 ministers, 22 licentiates, and Religion, 
12,936 communicants; the Congregationalists, 156 churches, 107 183L 
pastors, and 9,626 communicants ; the Methodists, 56 ministers, and 12,182 
communicants ; the Free-will Baptists, about 50 congregations ; the Friends, 
about 30 societies ; the Unitarians, 12 societies and 8 ministers ; the Episcopa- 
lians, 4 ministers; the Roman Catholics, 4 churches; the New Jerusalem 
Church, 3 societies ; and there are some Universalists. 

The number of periodical papers in 1830, was 22. 

This state sends 8 representatives to congress. 

The governor's salary is 1500 dollars. 



48 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON MAINE. 

1. Between what degrees of latitude and longitude does Maine lie? 

2. What is its length and breadth ? 

3. How many square miles does it contain ? 

4. What was the population in 1830 ? 

5. What is the population to a square mile ? 

6. How many counties does it contain ? — 7. Name them. 

8. What are the principal rivers in Maine? — 9. Bays? — 10. The most 
noted lakes ? 

11. What was the value of the exports in 1829? 

12. What was the number of cotton mills in 1831 ? 

13. What are the principal articles of export? 

14. What do the principal manufactures consist of? 

15. What was the number of yards of cotton cloth made in 1831 ? 

16. How many banks are there in the state? 

17. When was Maine admitted into the Union? 

18. When is the general election? 

1 9. When and how often does the legislature meet ? 

20. To whom is the right of suffrage granted ? 

21. Name the principal literary institutions. 

22. How much is every town obliged, by law, to raise annually for the 
support of common schools ? 

23. Where are the remains of the Penobscot tribe of Indians, and what is 
said of them ? 

24. Name the principal denominations of Christians in the state. 

25. How many representatives does Maine send to Congress ? 

26. What is the governor's annual salary ? 



NEW HAMPSHIRE 




ARMS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



New Hampshire is bounded N. by Lower Canada ; E. by Maine ; S. E. by 
the Atlantic ; S. by Massachusetts ; and W. by Vermont. It lies between 42° 
41' and 45° 11' N. lat. and between 4° 29' and 6° 19' E. long, from Washington. 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



49 



It is 160 miles long from N. to S., 90 in its greatest breadth, and contains 
9,491 square miles, or 6,074,240 acres. Population in 1790, 141,885; in 
1800, 183,858; in 1810, 214,460; in 1820, 244,161 ; and in 1830, 269,533 
Population to a square mile, 28. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 


Counties. 


Pop. 1820. 


Pop. 1830. 


County Towns. 


Pop. 


Distance 
fr. Concord. 


Rockingham se 

Stra ffnrd e 

Merrimack m 
Hillsborough s 
Cheshire sw 
Sullivan w 

Grafton w 

Coos n 

Total 


40,526 

51,415 

32,743 
35,781 
26,753 
18,628 

32,989 

5,151 


44,452 

58,916 

34,619 
37,762 
27,016 
19,687 

38,691 

8,390 


{ Portsmouth 

( Exeter 

f Dover 

J Gilmanton 

j Gilford 

L Rochester 
Concord 
Amherst 
Keene 
Newport 

( Haverhill 

I Plymouth 
Lancaster 


8,082 
2,759 
5,449 
3,816 
1,872 
2,155 
3,727 
1,657 
2,374 
1,913 
2,153 
1,175 
1,187 


45 
39 
40 
20 
30 
40 

30 
55 
40 
67 
40 
116 


244,161 


269,533 



Concord is the seat of government. Portsmouth is much the largest town, 
and the only sea-port. 

Five of the largest rivers in New England rise either wholly or in part in 
this state. These are the Connecticut, Merrimack, Androscoggin, Saco, and 
Piscataqua. The other most considerable rivers are the Upper and Lower Am- 
monoosuc, Sugar river, Ashuelot, Contoocook, Margallaway, and Nashua. The 
principal lakes are Winnipiseogee, Umbagog, Ossipee, Sunapee, Squam, and 
Newfoundland lakes. 

The whole extent of sea-coast in this state, from the southern boundary to 
the mouth of Piscataqua harbor, is 18 miles. The shore is generally a sandy 
beach, and bordering upon it are salt marshes, intersected by creeks. There 
are several coves, convenient for fishing vessels, but the entrance of the Piscat- 
aqua is the only harbor for ships. For 20 or 30 miles from the sea the coun- 
try is either level, or variegated by small hills and valleys. Then commences 
a country the surface of which is greatly diversified by hills, valleys, and seve- 
ral elevated mountains, among which are the White Mountains, accounted the 
highest in the United States. The other most considerable summits are Moose- 
hillock, Monadnoc, Kearsarge, Sunapee, Ossipee, &c. Some of the most re- 
markable natural objects of curiosity are the cave in Chester, the rock in Dur- 
ham, Bellows falls in Walpole, and particularly the Notch of the White 
Mountains. 

There is a great variety of soil in this state ; a considerable proportion is 
fertile, and it is generally better adapted to grazing than tillage. The interval 
lands on the large rivers are esteemed the most valuable. These produce vari- 
ous kinds of grain in great abundance. But the uplands, of an uneven surface, 
and of a rocky, warm, moist soil, are accounted the best for grazing. The 
principal articles of produce are beef, pork, mutton, butter, cheese, wheat, rye, 
Indian corn, oats, barley, pulse, and flax. 

In the township of Chester, are two remarkable caves. One called the 
Devil's Den is in Mine Hill, in the western part. The hill is half a mile in 
diameter, and about 400 feet high, almost perpendicular on the south side. The 

G 



50 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



entrance of the cave, which is on the south side, is 10 yards above the base, 
and after a passage, varying in its dimensions, 25 feet in length, opens into the 
principal apartment, which is 15 or 20 feet square, three or four feet high, 
floored and ceiled by a regular rock. From the ceiling are dependent numer- 
ous stalactites or excrescences, in the form of pears, whose polished surfaces 
reflect a torch-light with innumerable hues and uncommon brilliancy. 

The other cave is on the west side of Rattlesnake Hill, seven miles south- 
west of the meeting-house. The principal entrance is eleven feet high and four 
wide. It extends 20 feet into the side of the hill, and after forming a semi- 
circle of 53 feet in length, passes out on the same side. 

The manufactures of New Hampshire have increased very rapidly within a 
few years. There are now more than 40 cotton and woollen manufactories, 
many of them on an extensive scale. A glass manufactory has been estab- 
lished at Keene, and there are two iron manufactories at Franconia. The prin- 
cipal exports from New Hampshire are lumber, pot and pearl ashes, fish, beef, 
live cattle, pork, and flax-seed. The market for the northern part of the state, 
is Portland, for the south-eastern, Portsmouth and Newburyport ; for the coun- 
try on the Merrimack, Boston ; for the country on the Connecticut, Hartford 
and Boston. The value of the exports in 1829 was $106,000. 

New Hampshire has a college at Hanover, styled Dartmouth College, with 
which a medical school is connected ; a small academical theological institution 
at New Hampton ; and about 30 incorporated academies, of which the oldest 
and best endowed is Phillips Academy at Exeter. 

Common schools are established throughout the state, and for their support 
* sum, amounting, each year since 1818, to $90,000, is annually raised by a 
separate tax. The State has a Literary Fund amounting to $64,000, formed 
by a tax of one half per cent, on the capital of the banks. The proceeds of 
this fund, and also an annual income of $9,000 derived from a tax on banks, 
are appropriated to aid the support of schools. 

The number of periodical papers in 1831, was 16. 

There are in this State 21 banks, viz. at Portsmouth, New Hampshire Bank, 
New Hampshire Union Bank, Rockingham Bank, Portsmouth Bank, Piscata- 
qua Bank, Commercial Bank ; at Exeter, Exeter Bank ; at Berry, Derry Bank ; 
at Dover, Strafford Bank, Dover Bank ; at Meredith, Winnipiseogee Bank ; at 
Concord, Concord Bank, Merrimack Co. Bank ; at Amherst, Farmers' Bank ; 

at , Manufacturers' Bank ; at Keene, Cheshire Bank ; at Charlestown, 

Connecticut River Bank ; at Claremont, Claremont Bank ; at Haverhill, Graf- 
ton Bank ; at Plymouth, Pemigewasset Bank ; at Lebanon, Lebanon Bank. 

The Bank of the United States has an office of discount and deposit at 
Portsmouth. 

The first English settlement in New Hampshire, was made near 
1S ° ry ' the mouth of the Piscataqua, in 1623. It was formed into a sepa- 
rate government in 1679, before which it was under the jurisdiction of Massa- 
chusetts. 

„ .. A constitution was established in 1784: and in 1792, this consti- 

Constitution . ii iit • n i i tit 

and govern- tution was altered and amended, by a convention of delegates held at 
ment - Concord, and is now in force. The legislative power is vested in a 
Senate and House of Representatives, which, together, are styled The Genera] 
Court of New Hampshire. Every town, or incorporated township, having 150 
ratable polls, may send one representative ; and for every 300 additional polls, 
it is entitled to an additional representative. The Senate consists of 12 mem- 
bers, who are chosen by the people in districts. The executive power is vested 
in a Governor and a Council, which consists of five members. The governor, 
council, senators, and representatives, are all elected annually, by the people, 
on the second Tuesday in March ; and their term of service commences on the 
first Wednesday in June. The General Court meets annually (at Concord) on 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 31 

the first Wednesday in June. The right of suffrage is granted to every male 
inhabitant of 21 years of age, excepting paupers and persons excused from 
paying taxes at their own request. 

Religious Denominations in 1831. 

Churches. Ministers. Communicants. 

Congregationalists, - - 146 - - 116 - - 12,867 

Baptists, 75 - - 61 - - 5,279 

Free-will Baptists, - - 67 - - 51 - 4 or 5,000 
Methodists, ... - - 30 - - 3,180 

Presbyterians, - - - 11 9 - 1,499 

The Christians have 17 ministers; the Friends, 13 societies ; the Universal- 
ists, about 20 congregations; the Unitarians, 10 ministers; the Episcopalians, 
8 ministers ; the Catholics, 2 churches ; the Shakers, 2 societies, and the San- 
demanians, 1. 

New Hampshire sends five representatives to Congress. The Governor's 
annual salary is $1200. 



PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

1. How is New Hampshire bounded? 

2. What is its extent, square miles and population ? 

3. What is the population to a square mile ? 

4. How many counties does it contain ? — 5. Name them. 

6. Which town is the seat of government, and which is the largest ? 

7. Name the five principal rivers. 

8. How many miles of sea-coast has New Hampshire ? 

9. What is said of the country for 20 or 30 miles from the sea? 

10. What kind of a country commences then? 

11. What is said of the soil? 

12. What are the principal articles of produce? 

13. What can you say of the manufactures? 

14. What was the value of exports in 1829? 

15. What is said of common schools, and what is annually raised by tax 
for their support ? 

16. Mention the most remarkable curiosities. 

17. How many periodical papers in 1831 ? 

18. How many banks are there in the State? 

19. Where was the first English settlement? 

20. What can you say of the legislative power ? 

21. How many representatives does each town send? 

22. How many members does the senate consist of, and how chosen ? 

23. How is the executive power vested? 

24. When is the annual election ? 

25. When and how often does the general court meet ? 

26. Which are the most numerous denominations of Christians ? 

27. How many representatives does New Hampshire send to Congress ? 

28. What is the governor's annual salary ? 



52 



VERMONT. 



VERMONT. 

Vermont is bounded N. by Lower Canada ; E. by New Hampshire ; S. by 
Massachusetts ; and W. by New York, from which it is separated in part by 
lake Champlain. It lies between 42° 44' and 45° N. lat. and between 3° 39' 
and 5° 31' E. longitude from Washington. It is 157 miles long from N. to S. 
90 broad on the northern boundary, 40 on the southern, and contains 10,212 
square miles. Population to a square mile, 27. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



Counties. 



Addison w 
Benninston sid 



Caledonia 
Chittenden 
Essex 
Franklin 
Grand Isle 
Orange- 
Orleans 
Rutland 
Washington 
Windham 



Windsor 



ne 
w 
ne 
mo 
nw 
e 
n 
w 
m 
se 

e 



Total 



Pop. 1820. 



20,469 

16,125 

16,669 
16,055 

3,284 
17,192 

3,527 
24,681 

6,976 
29,983 
14,113 
28,659 

38,233 



225,764 



Pop. 1830. 



17,470 

20,967 
21,775 

3,981 
24,525 

3,696 
27,285 
13,980 
31,295 
21,394 
28,758 

40,623 



280,679 



County Towns. 



Middlebury 
( Bennington 
I Manchester 
Danville 
Burlington 
Guildhall 
St. Albans 
North Hero 
Chelsea 
Irasburgh 
Rutland 

MONTPELIER 

*Newfane 
{ Windsor 
I Woodstock 



Pop. 



3,468 
3,419 
1,525 
2,631 
3,526 

481 
2,375 

638 
1,958 

860 
2,753 
1,193 
1,441 
3,134 
3,044 



Distance 
from Mont- 
pelier. 



56 
119 

98 
30 
38 
78 
64 
68 
23 
49 
67 

108 

59 
48 



* The name of the village in which the county buildings are situated is Fayetteville. 



Population at Different Periods. 



In 



Population. 

1790, 85,539 
1800, 154,465 
1810, 217,895 
1820, 235,764 
1830, 280,679 



Increase from 1790 to 1800, 68,826 

1800 1810, 63,430 

1810 1820, 17,869 

1820 1830, 44,915 



Slaves. 

16 
0 
0 
0 
0 



The Green Mountains, from which the state derives its name, come from 
Massachusetts, and run along the east side of Bennington, Rutland, and Addi- 
son counties. In Addison county they divide ; the western and principal chain 
continuing a northerly course, and terminating near the northern boundary of 
the state ; while the height of land, as it is called, strikes off to the north-east, 
dividing the waters which flow into the Connecticut from those which fall into 
jfoke Memphremagog and lake Champlain. The western range presents much 
the loftiest summits, but has inequalities which afford a passage for Onion and 
Lamoil rivers. The soil is for the most part fertile, being generally deep, and 
of a dark color, moist, loamy, and well watered. The interval lands are 
esteemed the best ; bordering on these is usually a strip one or two miles wide, 
which is comparatively poor, but beyond this the land recovers a fertility nearly 
equal to that on the rivers. The principal productions are wheat, barley, rye, 
Indian corn, oats, &c. The principal exports are pot and pearl ashes, beef, 
pork, butter, cheese, &c. The market for the northern part of the state is 
Montreal ; for the eastern, Hartford and Boston ; for the western, New York, 
The amount of exports in 1829 was 808,000 dollars. 



VERMONT. 53 

The principal rivers within the state are Lamoile, Onion, Otter Creek, Misis- 
que, Deerfield, White, Black, and Pasumsic. 

Fort Dumraer, in the south-east part of Vermont, was built in 
1724 ; and Bennington, the oldest town in the state, was chartered in 1 
1749, by Benning Wentworth, governor of New Hampshire. 

The territory of Vermont was originally claimed both by New Hampshire 
and New York ; and its political condition was, for a considerable time, unset- 
tled ; but the people preferring to have a separate government, formed a consti- 
tution in 1777, under which a government was organized in March, 1788 ; and 
in 1791, Vermont was admitted into the union. 

The first constitution of this state was formed in 1777 ; the one ^jjejof 
now in operation was adopted on the 4th of July, 1793. tution. 

The legislative power is vested in a single body, a house of representatives, 
elected annually, on the first Tuesday in September, every town in the state 
being entitled to send one representative. The representatives meet (at Mont- 
pelier) annually on the second Thursday of the October succeeding their elec- 
tion, and are styled The General Assembly of the State of Vermont. 

The executive power is vested in a governor, lieutenant-governor, and a 
council of 12 persons, who are all chosen annually by the freemen on the first 
Tuesday in September, and their term of office commences on the second 
Thursday in October. They are empowered to commission all officers ; to 
sit as judges to consider and determine on impeachments ; to prepare and lay 
before the general assembly such business as shall appear to them necessary ; 
and have power to revise and propose amendments to the laws passed by the 
house of representatives. 

The constitution grants the right of suffrage to every man of the full age of 
2] years, who has resided in the state for the space of one whole year, next 
before the election of representatives, and is of quiet and peaceable behavior. 

The judiciary power is vested in a supreme court consisting of three judges ; 
and of a county court of three judges for each county. The judges of the 
supreme, county, and probate courts, sheriffs, and justices of the peace, are 
elected annually by the general assembly. 

A council of censors, consisting of 13 persons, are chosen every seven years 
(first elected in 1799) on the last Wednesday in March, and meet on the first 
Wednesday in June. Their duty is to inquire whether the constitution has 
been preserved inviolate ; whether the legislative and executive branches of 
government have performed their duty as guardians of the people ; whether the 
public taxes have been justly laid and collected ; in what manner the public 
moneys have been disposed of; and whether the laws have been faithfully 
executed. 

There are in this state 10 banks, viz. Bank of Burlington, of Windsor, of 
Brattleborough, of Rutland, of Montpelier, of St. Albans, of Caledonia, of Ver- 
gennes, of Orange county, of Bennington. 

Note. The bank of the United States has an office of discount and deposit at 
Burlington. 

There are two colleges in Vermont, at Burlington and Middlebury ; Education 
medical schools at Burlington and Castleton ; and about 20 incorpo- 1 
rated academies in the state, where young men may be fitted for college. 

Common schools are supported throughout the state. The money raised by 
the general law for the support of schools, at 3 per cent, on the grand list (the 
valuation for taxes,) would be about $51,119 42 ; and about as much more is 
supposed to be raised by school district taxes. The state has a literary fund, 
derived principally from a tax of 6 per cent, on the annual profits of the banks ; 
the amount on loan in September, 1829, was $23,763 32. 

The Congregationalists have 13 associations, 203 churches, 110 ReH ougde 
pastors, 35 unsettled ministers, 10 licentiates, and 17,236 communi- nomina- 
cants; the Baptists, 105 churches, 56 pastors, 8 licentiates, and tl0ns ' im ' 



54 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



8,478 communicants ; the Methodists, 44 ministers and 8,577 communicants , 
the Episcopalians, 15 ministers; the Unitarians, 3 societies and 1 minister; 
and there are some Free-will Baptists, Christians, and Universalists. 
The number of periodical papers in 1830 was 13. 

Vermont sends 5 representatives to congress. The governor's salary is $750. 

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON VERMONT. 

1 . How is Vermont bounded ? 

2. Between what degrees of latitude and longitude does it lie ? 

3. What is its length, breadth, square miles, and population in 1830 ? — Popu- 
lation to a square mile ? 

4. How many counties does it contain ? 

5. What is said of the soil ? 

6. What are the principal productions ? 

7. What the principal exports ? — Rivers ? 

8. What was the amount of exports in 1829 ? 

9. By what states was Vermont originally claimed ? 

10. In what is the legislative power vested ? 

11. How many representatives is each town in the state allowed to send? 

12. In whom is the executive power vested? 

13. To whom does the constitution grant the right of suffrage? 

14. What is said of the council of censors and their duty? 

15. How many banks are there in the state? 

16. At which town is the branch of the United States Bank? 

17. How many colleges, and where located ? 

18. What is said in regard to the support of common schools? 

19. How many representatives does Vermont send to congress? 

20. What is the governor's salary ? 



MASSACHUSETTS. 




ARMS OF MASSACHUSETTS. 



Massachusetts is bounded N. by Vermont and New Hampshire ; E. by the 
Atlantic ; S. by Rhode Island and Connecticut ; and W. by New- York. It lies 
between 41° 23' and 43° 52' N. lat. and between 3° 33' and 7° 10' E. longi- 
tude from Washington. It contains 7,250 square miles, or 4,644,000 acres. 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



55 



It is divided into 14 counties, and 290 towns. It has on an average 81 persons 
each square mile, and is the most thickly settled state in the union. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



Counties. 



Males. 



Females. 



Colored. j Tot. Pop. | County Towns. 



Pop. 



I Distance 
from Boston, 



Suffolk 



Essex 



e 28,586 
39,431 



Middlesex m 

Plymouth e 

Norfolk e 

Bristol s 

Barnstable se 

Nantucket se 

Dukes se 

Worcester m 

Hampshire wm 

Hampden sw 

Franklin nw 

Berkshire w 

Total 



38,107 

20,905 
20,436 

23,366 

13,997 
3,339 
1,702 
41,545 
14,999 
15,288 
14,447 
18,310 



31,693 
42,929 

39,348 

21,678 
21.296 

25,178 

14,363 
3,584 
1,768 
42,449 
14,995 
16,003 
14,765 
18,510 



294,449 



308,559 



1,883 


62,162 


Boston 




i Salem 


527 


82,887 


< Newburyport 
I Ipswich 


513 


77,968 


^ Cambridge 
) Concord 


410 


42,993 


Plymouth 


169 


41,901 


Dedham 


930 


49,474 


^ New Bedford 
) Taunton 


165 


28,525 


Barnstable 


279 


7,202 


Nantucket 


48 


3,518 


Edgartown 


371 


84,365 


Worcester 


225 


30,210 


Northampton 


349 


31,640 


Springfield 


132 


29,344 
37,825 


Greenfield 


1,005 


Lenox 


7,006 


610,014 





61,392 
13,886 
6,388 
2,951 
6,071 
2,017 
4,751 
3,057 
7,592 
6,045 
3,975 
7,202 
1,509 
4,172 
3,613 
6,784 
1,540 
1,355 



14 
37 
27 
3 
17 
36 
10 
52 
32 
68 

100 
97 
39 
91 
87 
95 

133 



Population of Massachusetts at different periods. 
In 1800, 422,845. 

" 1810, 472,040. Increase from 1800 to 1810, 49,195 
" 1820, 523,287. " " 1810 to 1820, 51,247 
" 1830, 610,014. " " 1820 to 1830, 86,727 
Boston is the chief town. The other most considerable maritime towns are 
Salem, Newburyport, Marblehead, Beverly, Gloucester, Charlestown, Plymouth, 
and New Bedford. Worcester, Northampton, Springfield, Greenfield, Pitts- 
field, Haverhill, Dedham, Lowell, Taunton, Concord, and many others are 
pleasant and flourishing inland towns. 

The principal rivers are the Connecticut, Merrimack, Concord, Nashua, 
Charles, Mystic, Neponset, Taunton, Chickapee, Deerfield, Westfield, Miller's, 
and Housatonic. 

The Middlesex Canal, which connects Boston harbor with the Merrimack, is 
30 miles long. It was completed in 1804, and was at that time the most consid- 
erable canal in the United States. Blackstone canal extends from Worcester 
to Providence, and is 45 miles in length. 

Several different companies have been recently incorporated by the legisla- 
ture of this state for the purpose of constructing rail-roads ; one from Boston to 
Worcester ; another from Boston to the river Hudson ; another from Boston to 
Connecticut river ; another from Boston to Providence by .Pawtucket ; another 
from Boston to Taunton ; another from Boston to Lowell ; another from Boston 
to Lake Ontario, New York ; another from West Stockbridge to the boundary 
line of the state of New York. 




PROFILE VIEW OF THE MASSACHUSETTS RAIL-ROAD. 



56 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



The principal islands are Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard. The most 
noted capes are Cape Ann, Cape Cod, and Cape Malabar. The most consid- 
erable bays are Massachusetts, Cape Cod, Barnstable, Plymouth, and Buzzard's 
bays. There are no large lakes, but there are numerous ponds. 

The range of the Green Mountains passes from north to south, through the 
western part of this state. The principal chain takes the name of Hoosac 
mountain. The highest summits are Saddle and Takonnack mountains. The 
other most noted mountains in the state, are Wachuset, in Princeton, Mount 
Tom and Mount Holyoke, near Northampton, and Mount Toby, in Sunderland. 
The general aspect of the country is interesting, affording many highly varied 
and extensive prospects. 

The face of the country is greatly diversified. The south-eastern part is 
mostly level. There are also level districts of small extent in the vicinity of 
the Merrimack in the north-east. Salt marshes are numerous in the maritime 
parts, though not very extensive. Most of that part bordering on the sea-coast, 
and extending into the interior as far as the county of Worcester, may be 
regarded as the level division, exhibiting no very considerable elevations. The 
five western counties of Worcester, Hampshire, Franklin, Hampden, and Berk- 
shire, present the greatest irregularity of surface, and constitute the highlands 
of the state. These counties, however, abound in vast tracts of elevated lands 
diversified with gentle swells, in large districts of pine-plains, in valleys of 
various extent, as well as in wide intervals, particularly on Connecticut river. 

The soil is exceedingly various, comprising every description from the most 
fertile to the most unproductive. In the south-eastern part it is mostly light 
and sandy, interspersed, however, with numerous fertile tracts. In the middle 
and northern parts, toward the sea-coast, it is of a much better quality, though 
not generally distinguished for its natural fertility ; but by excellent cultivation, 
a great portion of it is rendered highly productive. The middle and western 
parts have generally a strong rich soil, excellent for grazing, and suited to most 
of the purposes of agriculture. The state is almost universally well watered. 
The streams of every description are remarkably clear and beautiful. The 
farms generally consist of from 100 to 300 acres, and are, for the most part, 
well cultivated. In no part of the United States have there been greater ad- 
vances made in agricultural improvements than in Massachusetts. The country 
is intersected in every direction by roads, which are kept in a good state of 
repair. 

The principal productions are, Indian corn, rye, wheat, oats, barley, peas, 
beans, buck-wheat, potatoes, hops, flax, and hemp. Beef, pork, butter, and 
cheese are abundant in most parts of the state, and of excellent quality. The 
county of Berkshire, in particular, is distinguished for its extensive dairies. 
The state abounds with orchards, and great quantities of cider are annually 
made, which is the common beverage of the inhabitants. The principal culti- 
vated fruits are apples, peaches, pears, quinces, plums, cherries, and currants. 
Gardening is an object of attention throughout the state, and all the hortulan 
vegetables suited to the climate, together with a variety of domestic fruits, are, 
in this way, extensively cultivated. 

Massachusetts is the most commercial state in the Union, except New York. 
The greatest part of the fisheries in the United States belong to this state. The 
principal articles of export are fish, beef, lumber, pork, ardent spirits, flax-seed, 
whale oil, spermaceti, and various manufactures. The total amount in 1829, 
was 8,255,000 dollars. 

This state holds the second rank in point of manufactures. The most con- 
siderable are those of cotton cloths, boots and shoes, ardent spirits, leather, 
cordage, wrought and cast iron, nails, woollens, ships, straw bonnets, hats, 
cabinet work, paper, oil, and muskets. There is an extensive national estab- 
lishment for the manufacture of arms at Springfield. In 1831 there were in 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



5? 



this state 250 cotton mills, with a capital of 12,891,000 dollars, making 
annually 79,231,000 yards of cloth. 

The principal mines are those of iron, which are found in various parts, and 
there are numerous establishments for manufacturing iron. The counties of 
Plymouth and Bristol afford great quantities of this mineral, and there are 
several rich iron mines in the county of Berkshire. A lead mine is found at 
South Hadley, and at some other places. Ochres and other fossil productions 
have been found in various places. Quarries of good marble are found in 
Lanesborough, Stockbridge, Pittsfield, Sheffield, and several other places in 
Berkshire county. There are quarries of slate at Lancaster, Harvard, and 
Bernardston, and of soap-stone at Middlefield. Lime-stone is found in great 
abundance in the county of Berkshire, and free-stone in all parts of the state. 
Great quantities of beautiful stone for building are obtained from Chelmsford 
and Tyngsborough. 

The climate of Massachusetts is subject to the extremes of heat and cold. 
The air, however, is generally dry, serene, and healthy. The thermometer in 
summer is frequently observed to exceed 77° for forty or fifty days together ; 
and sometimes rises to 100°. 

There are in this state 66 banks : total amount of capital paid in, $20,420,000. 
Of these, 19 are in Boston, including a branch of the United States Bank, 6 at 
Salem, 2 at New Bedford, 2 at Newburyport, 2 at Worcester, and the rest are 
scattered through the state with but one in a town. 

The principal literary institutions are Harvard University in Cam- Education 
bridge, connected with which there are medical, theological, and law 1 
schools ; Williams College at Williamstown ; Amherst College at Amherst ; 
Massachusetts Medical College in Boston connected with Harvard University ; 
Berkshire Medical Institution connected with Williams College ; the Theologi- 
cal Seminaries at Andover and Newton ; Round Hill School at Northampton, 
Berkshire Gymnasium at Pittsfield, and Mount Pleasant Classical Institution at 
Amherst. There are also 56 incorporated academies, of which Philips Acade- 
my at Andover, the oldest and best endowed, was incorporated in 1780, and 
has educated 2,025 scholars. 

Common schools are well supported throughout the state. The laws require 
that every town or district, containing 50 families, shall be provided with a 
school or schools equivalent in time to six months for one school in a year ; 
containing 100 families, 12 months; 150 families, 18 months; and the several 
towns in the state are authorized and directed to raise such sums of money as 
are necessary for the support of the schools, and to assess and collect the money 
in the same manner as other town taxes. Each town is also required to choose 
annually a school committee of 3, 5, or 7 persons, to take the general charge 
and superintendence of the public schools. 

The number of periodical presses in Massachusetts in 1830 was estimated 
at 40. 

The Congregationalists have 491 churches, and 423 ordained min- Reli(rious de 
isters, 118 of whom are Unitarians; the Baptists, 129 churches, 110 nomiUa- 6 
ministers, and 12,580 communicants ; the Methodists, 71 preachers tI0ns ' 1831 ' 
and 8,200 members ; the Universalists, 46 societies ; the Episcopalians, 31 
ministers ; the New Jerusalem Church, 8 societies ; the Presbyterians, 9 min- 
isters ; the Roman Catholics, 4 churches ; and the Shakers, 4 societies. 

The territory of Massachusetts comprised, for many years after its 
first settlement, two separate colonies, styled the Plymouth Colony mstox ^' 
and the Colony of Massachusetts Bay. 

The first English settlement that was made in New England, was formed by 
101 persons who fled from religious persecution in England, landed at Ply- 
mouth on the 22d of December, 1620, and laid the foundation of Plymouth 
Colony. 

H 



58 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



Constitution ^ ne constitution of this state was framed in 1780, and amended in 
and govern- 1821. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of 
ment " representatives, which together are styled The General Court of Mas- 
sachusetts. 

The members of the house of representatives are elected annually in May ; 
and they must be chosen ten days at least before the last Wednesday of that 
month. Every corporate town having 150 ratable polls may elect one repre- 
sentative, and another for every additional 225 ratable polls. 

The senate consists of 40 members, who are chosen, by districts, annually, 
on the first Monday in April. 

The supreme executive magistrate is styled The Governor of the Common- 
wealth of Massachusetts, and has the title of " His Excellency." The governor 
is elected annually by the people on the first Monday of April, and at the same 
time a lieutenant-governor is chosen, who has the title of " His Honor." 
The governor is assisted in the executive part of government by a council of 
nine members, who are chosen, by the joint ballot of the senators and represent- 
atives, from the senators ; and in case the persons elected, or any of them, 
decline the appointment, the deficiency is supplied from among the people at 
large. 

The general court meets (at Boston) on the last Wednesday of May, and 
also in January. 

The right of suffrage is granted to every male citizen, 21 years of age and 
upwards (excepting paupers and persons under guardianship,) who has resided 
within the commonwealth one year, and within the town or district in which 
he may claim a right to vote, six calendar months next preceding any election, 
and who has paid a state or county tax, assessed upon him within two years 
next preceding such election ; and also every citizen who may be by law 
exempted from taxation, and who may be, in all other respects, qualified as 
above mentioned. 

The judiciary is vested in a supreme court, a court of common pleas, and 
such other courts as the legislature may establish. The judges are appointed 
by the governor by and with the advice and consent of the council, and hold 
their offices during good behavior. 

Massachusetts sends 12 representatives to congress. The governor's salary 
is $3,666 67. 



PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON MASSACHUSETTS. 

1. How many square miles does Massachusetts contain? 

2. How many inhabitants does it contain to a square mile ? 

3. How many counties? — Population in 1830? 

4. Chief towns and rivers ? 

5. Mention the principal islands and capes.— 6. Mountains. 

7. Describe the face of the country. 

8. What is said in regard to manufactures and commerce ? 

9. What are the principal minerals, and where found ? 

10. What is said of the climate? 

11. How many banks are there in Massachusetts? 

12. How many of them are in Boston ? 

13. Mention the principal literary institutions. 

14. What is said in regard to common schools? 

15. Give an account of the first English settlement in New England. 

16. In what is the legislative power vested? 

17. When is the annual election for representatives, and when for senators? 

18. By whom is the governor assisted in the executive part of his office? 



RHODE ISLAND. 



59 



19. When and where does the general court meet? 

20. To whom is the right of suffrage granted ? 

21. How many representatives does Massachusetts send to congress? 

22. What is the governor's salary ? 



RHODE ISLAND. 




ARMS OF RHODE ISLAND. 

Length 40 miles. Breadth, 29. Contains 1350 square miles. Bounded N. 
and E. by Massachusetts ; S. by the Atlantic ; W. by Connecticut. Between 
41° 22' and 42° 3' N. L. and 5° 7' and 5° 54' E. L. from Washington. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



Counties. 


Pop. 1820. 


Pop. 1830. 


County Towns. 


Pop. 1830. 


Distance 
from 
Providence. 


Providence n 
Newport se 
Washington sw 
Kent m 
Bristol e 
Total 


35,786 
15,771 
15,687 
10,228 
5,637 


47,014 
16,534 
15,414 
12,784 
5,466 


Providence 
Newport 
South Kingston 
East Greenwich 
Bristol 


16,832 
8,010 
3,663 
1,591 
3,054 


30 
31 
15 
15 


83,059 


97,212 



In 



Population. 

1790, 68,825 
1800, 69,122 
1810, 76,931 
1820, 83,059 
1830, 97,212 



Population at different periodi 



Increase from 1790 to 1800, 297 

1800 1810, 7,809 

1810 1820, 6,128 

1820 1830, 14,153 



Slaves 

948 
380 
108 
48 
14 



Population to a square mile, 75, being the second state in the Union in point 
ot a dense population. 

The rivers are Pawtucket, Providence, Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, and Wood 
river. Narraganset bay extends up from S. to N. between the main land on 
the E. and W., and embosoms many pleasant and fertile islands; among 



60 



RHODE ISLAND. 



which are Rhode Island, from which the state derives its name, Canonicut, 
Prudence, Patience, Hope, Dyer's, and Hog Islands. Block Island, off the 
coast in the Atlantic, is the most southerly land belonging to the state. 

The most considerable towns are Providence, Newport, Bristol, Warren, 
South Kingston, East Greenwich, Smithfield, and the villages of Pawtucket, 
and Pawtuxet. The harbors are Newport, Providence, Wickford, Pawtuxet, 
Bristol, and Vv r arren. 

The face of the country is mostly level, except in the north-west part, which 
is hilly and rocky. The soil is generally better adapted to grazing than till- 
age. A large proportion of the western and north-western part of the state 
has a thin and lean soil ; but the islands and the country bordering on Narra- 
ganset bay, are of great fertility, and are celebrated for their fine cattle, their 
numerous flocks of sheep, and the abundance and excellence of their butter 
and cheese. Here are found some of the finest cattle in New England. Cider 
is made for exportation. Corn, rye, barley, oats, and in some places wheat, 
are produced in sufficient quantities for home consumption ; and the various 
kinds of grasses, fruits, culinary roots and plants, in great abundance and per- 
fection. The rivers and bays swarm with a variety of excellent fish. 

Iron ore is found in large quantities in several parts, and some copper ; there 
is also an abundance of limestone, particularly in the county of Providence. 

The manufactures of Rhode Island are extensive. They consist chiefly of 
iron, cotton, woollen, paper, and hats. 

In 1831 there were in Rhode Island 116 cotton manufactories, with an ag- 
gregate capital, including cost of land, water power, buildings and machinery, 
of $6,262,340. These establishments consume annually 10,415,578 pounds 
of cotton, and make 37,121,681 yards of cloth. Persons employed in them, 
8,500, including women and children : aggregate amount of their wages, 
$1,177,527. There are likewise in this state 5 bleacheries, and two establish- 
ments for printing calicoes connected with the cotton manufactories, with an 
aggregate capital of $532,375, making the grand total of 6,794,715 dollars, 
employed in the manufacture of cotton. The amount of capital employed in 
the manufacture of iron and steel, is $802,666, divided among 10 founderies 
and 30 machine-shops. Cost of establishments for the manufacture of wool 
in this state, including land, water-power, buildings, stock in trade &c, is 
$263,000. 

The exports consist chiefly of flaxseed, lumber, horses, cattle, beef, pork, 
fish, poultry, onions, butter, cheese, barley, grain, spirits, and cotton and linen 
goods. They amounted, in 1829, to 390,000 dollars. 

The climate of this state is as healthy as that of any part of America ; and 
it is more temperate than the climate of any of the other New England states, 
particularly on the islands, where the breezes from the sea have the effect not 
only to mitigate the heat in summer, but to moderate the cold in winter. The 
summers are delightful, especially on the island of Rhode Island. 

In Rhode Island there are 51 banks, including a branch of the United States 
bank : of which 1 1 are in Providence ; the others are in various parts of the 
state. The amount of capital stock is $6,732,296. 

Education Brown University is situated at Providence; at the same place 
' there is a seminary styled the Friends' Boarding School ; and there 
are 8 or 10 academies in the state. Increasing attention has of late been paid 
to education, and the state now pays annually, for the support of free schools, 
the sum of $10,000, which is divided among the several towns according to 
population. 

There are in the state 10 periodical papers. 

The following was the number of the various religious denominations m this 
state, in 1831. The Baptists had 16 churches, 12 ministers, 2,600 communi- 



RHODE ISLAND. 



61 



cants; the Methodists, 10 preachers, and 1,100 members; the Congregation- 
alists, 10 churches, 10 ministers, and 1,000 communicants; the Unitarians, 2 
societies, and 2 ministers; the Sabbatarians, about 1,000 communicants, the 
Six-Principle Baptists, about 8 churches, and about 800 communicants ; the 
Friends are considerably numerous ; and there are some Universalists, and 1 
Roman Catholic church. 

The settlement of this state was commenced at Providence, in 1636, by the 
celebrated Roger Williams, a minister who was banished from Massachusetts 
on account of his religious opinions ; and in 1638 the settlement of the island of 
Rhode Island was begun by William Coddington, John Clarke, and others. 

In 1643, Mr. Williams went to England, and obtained, in 1764, a charter, 
by which the settlements of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations were 
united under one government, and which continued in force till 1663, when a 
new charter was granted by Charles II., which has ever since formed the basis 
of the government. 

Rhode Island is the only state in the Union which is without a Govern- 
written constitution. me?lt - 

The legislative power is vested in a General Assembly, consisting of a 
Senate and a House of Representatives. 

The house of representatives consists of 72 members, 6 from Newport, 4 
from each of the towns of Providence, Portsmouth, and Warwick, and two 
from each of the other towns in the state ; and they are elected semi-annually 
in April and August. 

The senate consists of 10 members, who are elected annually in April. 

The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected annually in 
April. A lieutenant-governor is also elected, on whom the executive duties de- 
volve in case of the office of governor being vacated. 

The general assembly meets four times a year ; at Newport on the firs* 
Wednesday in May, (the commencement of the political year,) and by ad 
journment, at the same place, in June. It meets on the last Wednesday in 
October, alternately at Providence and South Kingston ; and by adjournment, 
in January, at East Greenwich, Bristol, or Providence. 

The judges are appointed annually by the general assembly. 

This state sends two representatives to congress. 

The governor's annual salary is 400 dollars. 



PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON RHODE ISLAND. 

1. What is the length and breadth of Rhode Island? 

2. How many counties does it contain ? 

3. What was the total population of the state in 1830 ? 

4. What was the increase of the population between 1820 and 1830? 

5. Name the principal rivers, bays, and islands. 

6. What are the principal towns and harbors ? 

7. Describe the face of the country. 

8. What are some of the principal productions? 

9. What are the principal minerals ? 

10. What is the number of cotton factories? 

11. What their aggregate capital ? 

12. How much cloth do they make annually? 

13. How many banks are there in Rhode Island? 

14. How many of these are in Providence? 

15. What can you say in regard to education? 

16. Which is the most numerous denomination of Christians in this state ? 

17. What is said in regard to the history of the state ? 



02 CONNECTICUT. 

18. What charter now forms the basis of the government? 

19. In what is the legislative power vested? 

20. Of what does the house of representatives consist ? 

21. Of what the senate? 

22. How often does the general assembly meet? 

23. How are the judges appointed? 

24. How many representatives does this state send to congress 1 

25. What is the governor's salary ? 



CONNECTICUT, 




ARMS OF CONNECTICUT. 



Connecticut is bounded N. by Massachusetts ; E. by Rhode Island ; S. by 
Long Island Sound, and W. by New York. It lies between 41° and 42° 2' N. 
lat. and between 3° 16' and 5° 11' E. longitude from Washington. It is 90 
miles long, 70 broad, and contains 4,764 square miles. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 


Counties. 


Pop. 1820. 


Pop. 1830. 


County Towns. 


Pop. 


Dist. from 
Hartford. 


Fairfield sw 

Hartford nm 
Litchfield nw 

Middlesex sm 

New Haven sm 

New London se 

Tolland nm 
Windham ne 


42,739 

47,264 
41,267 

22,405 

39,616 

35,943 

14,330 
25,331 


46,950 

51,141 

42,855 

24,845 

43,848 

42,295 

18,700 
27,077 


i Fairfield 
( Danbury 

Hartford 

Litchfield 
( Middletown 
I Haddam 

New Haven 
C New London 
( Norwich 

Tolland 

Brooklyn 


4,226 
4,311 
7,076 
4,456 
6,892 
3,025 
10,180 
4,356 
3,144 
1,698 
1,413 


55 
61 

31 
14 

25 
34 
42 
38 
17 
41 


8 Total 


275,248 


297,711 









CONNECTICUT. 



63 



Population at Different Periods. 

Population. Slaves. 

In 1790, 237,946 

1800, 251,002 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 13,056 2,764 

1810, 261,942 1800 1810, 10,940 954 

1820, 275,248 1810 1820, 13,306 310 

1830, 297,711 1820 1830, 22,463 97 

The principal rivers are the Connecticut, Housatonic, Thames, Farmington, 
and Naugatuck. The principal harbors are those of New London and New 
Haven. 

Farmington Canal extends from New Haven to the northern border of the 
state, 57 miles, where it unites with the Hampshire and Hampden Canal, which 
leads to Westfield, and it is to be continued to Northampton — whole length, 
87 miles. 

Hartford, New Haven, Middletown, New London, and Norwich are incor- 
porated cities ; Bridgeport, Danbury, Guilford, Killingworth, Newtown, Stam- 
ford, Stonington, and Waterbury, boroughs. 

The face of the country is greatly diversified by mountains, hills and valleys. 
There are but few level tracts, nor any considerable mountains. The greatest 
elevation is a range of small mountains on the west side of Connecticut river, 
being a continuation of the Green Mountains. The hills are generally of mod- 
erate size, and occur in quick succession, presenting to the traveller an ever- 
varying prospect. 

The soil is generally rich and fertile, though intermixed with portions that 
are comparatively thin and barren ; and the whole is well watered. It is gen- 
erally in a state of good cultivation, resembling, in many parts, a well culti- 
vated garden. The principal productions are Indian corn, rye, wheat in many 
parts, oats, barley, buckwheat, flax in large quantities, some hemp, potatoes, 
pumpkins, turnips, peas, beans, &c. Orchards are very numerous, and cider 
is made for exportation. The state is, however, generally better adapted to 
grazing than to tillage ; and its fine meadows and pastures enable the farmers 
to feed great numbers of neat cattle, horses, and sheep. The quantity of but- 
ter and cheese made annually is great, and of well-known excellence. Beef 
and pork of superior quality, are also abundant. The state is generally laid 
out in small farms, from 50 to 300 and 400 acres. It is intersected by numer- 
ous roads, which are generally kept in a good state of repair ; and is the third 
state in the Union in point of dense population, containing 62 to a square mile. 

Though exposed to the extremes of heat and cold, and to sudden changes of 
temperature, the country is very healthful. The north-west winds, which pre- 
vail during the winter, are keen, but the serenity of the sky during the same 
season, makes amends, in some degree, for the severity of the weather. In 
the maritime towns, the weather is particularly variable, changing as the wind 
blows from sea or land ; in the inland country it is less so. 

The foreign trade of this state is principally with the West Indies : but its 
coasting trade is the most considerable. Its exports consist of beef, pork, cat- 
tle, horses, mules, butter, cheese, maize, rye, flax-seed, fish, candles, and soap. 
The whole amount, in 1829, was 458,000 dollars. Almost all the produce of 
the western part of the state is carried to New York. 

Mines of different kinds have been found in this state, but in general they 
have not been wrought to any considerable extent. There is a lead mine on 
the Connecticut, two miles from Middletown, which was wrought during the 
revolutionary war. Copper mines have been discovered and opened in several 
places, but having proved unprofitable, have been neglected. Iron mines 
abound in many parts, and are productive. A quarry of valuable stone is 
found in Chatham, and one of marble in Milford. At Stafford is a mineral 
spring, the most celebrated in New England. 



64 CONNECTICUT. 

Connecticut has considerable manufactures of various descriptions, consisting 
of wool, cotton, paper, iron in different forms, glass, snuff, powder, buttons, 
hats, clocks, &c. Tin-ware is extensively manufactured, and sent to all parts 
of the United States. 

In 1832 there were in the state 94 cotton manufactories, with a capital of 
$2,825,000, making annually 2,055,500 yards of cloth. There are, likewise, 
more than 40 woollen manufactories in this state. The total value of all kinds 
of manufactures in 1830 was $1,442,878. 

There are in Connecticut 14 banks, including a branch of the United States 
Bank at Hartford. The amount of bank stock in 1830 was $3,064,780. 
Education co ^ e g es nl Connecticut are Yale College, at New Haven, which 

has connected with it medical, theological, and law schools ; Wash- 
ington College, at Hartford; and Wesleyan College or University, recently 
founded at Middletown. At Hartford is the American Asylum for the Educa- 
tion of the Deaf and Dumb ; and there are other respectable literary seminaries 
and academies at New Haven, Hartford, and various other places. 

This state possesses an important School Fund, which was derived from the 
sale of lands, reserved by Connecticut, in the state of Ohio, and which amounted 
on the first of April, 1829, to $1,882,261 68. The income of this fund is 
appropriated to the support of primary schools. In the year ending March 31, 
1829, the sum of $72,161 15 was divided among the different free schools 
throughout the state. The number of children between the ages of 4 and 16, 
in 1828, was 84,899 ; and the dividends amounted to 85 cents to each child. 

The number of periodical presses in 1831 was 30. 
Eeiigiousde- The Congregationalists have 236 ministers and 36 licentiates; the 
nominations. Baptists, 99 churches, 78 ministers, 14 licentiates, and 9,732 com- 
municants ; the Episcopalians, 59 ministers ; the Methodists, 40 ministers, and 
7,000 communicants; there are also several societies of Friends, several of 
Universalists, two of Unitarians, one of Catholics, one of Shakers and some 
Free-will Baptists, and a few Sandemanians. 

Histor ^ e terr ^ tor y °f Connecticut originally comprised two colonies ; the 

1S ' colony of Connecticut, and the colony of New Haven. 

The settlement of Hartford, in the colony of Connecticut, was commenced 
by emigrants from Massachusetts, in 1635 ; and that of New Haven, in 1638, 
by emigrants from England. . 

In 1662, a charter was granted by Charles II., with ample privileges, uniting 
the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven under one government ; but the 
colony of New Haven refused, for some time, to accept the charter, and the 
union did not take place till 1665. 

The charter was suspended, in 1687, by Sir Edmund Andros ; but it was 
restored again after the revolution of 1688 in England; and it formed the 
basis of the government till 1818. 

Constitution ^ ne cnarter granted in 1662 by Charles II., formed the basis of the 
and govern- government of Connecticut till 1818, when the present constitution 

ment ' was framed. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house 
of representatives, which together are styled the General Assembly. 

The members of the house of representatives are chosen by the different 
towns in the state : the more ancient towns, the majority of the whole num- 
ber, send each two representatives; the rest only one each. The present 
number is 208. 

The senate must consist of not less than 18, nor more than 24 members, 
who are chosen by districts. The present number is 21. 

The executive power is vested in a governor. A lieutenant-governor is also 
chosen, who is president of the senate, and on whom the duties of the governor 
devolve in case of his death, resignation, or absence. 



CONNECTICUT. 



65 



The representatives, senators, governor, and lieutenant-governor are all 
elected annually by the people on the first Monday in April. 

The general assembly has one stated session every year, on the first Wed- 
nesday in May, alternately at Hartford (1831) and at New Haven (1832). 

" Every white male citizen of the United States, who shall have gained a 
settlement in this state, attained the age of 21 years, and resided in the town 
in which he may offer himself to be admitted to the privilege of an elector, at 
least six months preceding, and have a freehold estate of the yearly value of 
seven dollars, in this state ; or having been enrolled in the militia, shall have 
performed military duty therein for the term of one year next preceding the 
time he shall offer himself for admission, or being liable thereto, shall have 
been, by authority of law, excused therefrom ; or shall have paid a state tax 
within the year next preceding the time he shall present, himself for such ad- 
mission, and shall sustain a good moral character, shall, on his taking such an 
oath as may be prescribed by law, be an elector." 

The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court of Errors, a Superior Court, 
and such inferior courts as the general assembly may, from time to time, 
establish. The judges are appointed by the general assembly ; and those of 
the Supreme and Superior Courts hold their offices during good behavior ; but 
not beyond the age of 70 years. 

No person is compelled to join, or support, or to be classed with, or associ- 
ated to any congregation, church, or religious association. But every person 
may be compelled to pay his proportion of the expenses of the society to which 
he may belong : he may, however, separate himself from the society by leaving 
a written notice of his wish with the clerk of such society. 

The governor's annual salary is 1100 dollars. 

This state sends six representatives to congress. 



PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON CONNECTICUT. 

1. How is Connecticut bounded? 

2. What was the population in 1830? 

3. How many counties does it contain ? 

4. Which is the most populous city ? 

5. What is said of the Farmington Canal ? 

6. What is said of the face of the country ? — Soil and productions ? 

7. How does Connecticut rank in point of a dense population ? 

8. What are its principal exports? — What was the amount in 1829? 

9. Mention the principal articles manufactured. 

10. How many cotton manufactories were there in 1832? 

1 1 . What was the amount of capital employed in them ? 

12. How many yards of cloth do they make annually? 

13. How many banks are there in Connecticut? 

14. Mention the principal literary institutions. 

15. What was the amount of the school fund in 1829? 

16. From what was the school fund derived? 

17. Which denomination of Christians is the most numerous? 

18. What can you say of the history of the state? 

19. What formed the basis of the government of Connecticut till 1818? 

20. When is the annual election for governor, senators, and representatives ? 

21. When and how often does the general assembly meet? 

22. What is a necessary qualification for an elector ? 

23. What is the governor's salary ? 

24. How many representatives does Connecticut send to congress f 



66 NEW YORK. 



NEW YORK. 




ARMS OF NEW YORK. 



New York is the most northern of the middle states, and the most populous 
state in the Union. It is bounded N. by lake Ontario, the St. Lawrence and 
Lower Canada ; E. by Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut ; S. by the 
Atlantic, New Jersey and Pennsylvania ; W. by Pennsylvania, Lake Erie, and 
the Niagara. Between 30° 45' and 45° N. latitude; and 2° 51' W. and 5° 
E. longitude from Washington. Length, 316 miles. Breadth, 304. Con- 
taining 47,000 square miles. Population to a square mile, 40. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



South Distinct. 



Counties. 



Columbia 
Duchess 
Greene 
King's 
New York 

Orange 

Putnam 

Queen's 

Richmond 

Rockland 

Suffolk 

Sullivan 

Ulster 

Westchester 



em 
s 

s 

s 

se 
s 



se 



sm 
se 



14 Total S. Dist. 



Pop. 1820. 



38,330 
48,615 
22,996 
11,187 
123,706 

41,213 

11,268 
21,519 

6,135 
8,837 
24,272 
8,900 
30,934 
32,638 



428,550 



Pop. 1830. 



39,952 
50,926 
29,525 
20,537 
203,007 

45,372 

12,701 

22,276 
7,084 
9,388 
26,980 
12,372 
36,551 
36,456 



537,041 



County Towns 



Hudson 

Poughkeepsie 

Catskill 

Flatbush 

New York 
( Goshen 
) Newbursh 

Carmel 

N. Hempstead 

Richmond 

Clarkstown 

Suffolk C. H. 

Monticello 

Kingston 

Bedford 



Pop. 


Distance 
fr. Albany. 


5,395 


29 


7,222 


75 


4,861 


34 


1,143 


156 


203,007 


151 


3,361 


105 


6,424 


96 


2,379 


106 




174 




167 


2,298 


122 




225 




113 


4,170 


58 


2,750 


135 



NEW YORK. 



6? 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS— Continued. 
North District. 



Counties. 


Pop. 1820. 


Pop. 1830. 


County Towns. 


Pop. 


Distance 
fr. Albany 


Albany 


em 


38,116 


53,560 


Albany 


24,238 




Alleghany 


wm 


9,330 


26,218 


Angelica 


998 


256 


Broome 


sm 


11,100 


17,582 


Binghampton 


1,203 


145 


Cattaraugus 


W7R 


4,090 


16,726 


Ellicottsville 


626 


292 


Cayuga 
Chatauque 


m 


38,897 


47,947 


Auburn 


4,486 


166 


w 


12,568 


34,057 


Mayville 




336 


Chenango 


sm 


31,215 


37,404 


Norwich 


3,774 


110 


L/iincon 


ne 


12,070 


19,344 


Plattsburg 
Cortlandville 


4,913 


162 


001 uana 


m 


16,507 


23,693 


3,573 


142 


Delaware 


sm 


26,587 


32,933 


Delhi 


2,114 


77 


Erie 


w 


15,668 


35,710 


Buffalo 


8,653 


284 


Essex 


ne 


12,811 


19,387 


Elizabethtown 


1,729 


126 


b ranklin 


7? 


4,439 


11,312 


Malone 


2,20? 


212 


Genesee 


W 


39,835 


51,992 


Batavia 


4,271 


244 




m 


1,251 


1,324 


Wells 


340 


72 


Herkimer 


m 


31,017 


55,869 


Herkimer 


2,486 


80 


Jefferson 


nw 


32,952 


48,515 


Water town 


4,768 


160 


Lewis 


nm 


9,227 


14,958 


Martihsburgh 


2,382 


129 


Livingston 


wm 


19,196 


27,719 


o 

Geneseo 


2,675 


226 


Madison 


m 


32,208 


39,037 


^ Cazenovia 
( Morrisville 




113 
101 


IvTnn i*r*p 

tTHJlll 


wm 


26,529 


49,862 


Rochester 


9,269 


219 


Montgomery 


em 


27,569 


43,595 


Johnstown 


7,700 


45 


Niagara 


W 


7,322 


18,485 


Lockport 
C Utica 


2,022 
8,323 


288 
96 


vyiiema 


711, 


50,997 


71,326 


< Rome 

* Wliitesboro' 


4,360 


107 
100 




1TL 


41,461 


58,974 


Syracuse 




133 


. 


wm 


35,312 


40,167 


Canaiidaigua 


5,162 


195 




wm 


7,625 


18,485 


Albion 


257 


Oswego 


wm 


12,374 


27,104 


^ Oswego 
I Richland 


2,703 


167 


( )fsPOV> 




2,733 


153 




44,856 


51,372 


Cooperstown 


1,115 


66 


Rensselaer 


e 


40,153 


49,472 


Troy 


11,405 


6 


Saratoga 


em 


36,052 


36,616 


Ballston 


2,113 


29 


ol. jLidwrence 


nw 


16,037 


36,351 


Potsdam 


3,650 


216 


Schenectady 


em 


13,081 


12,334 


Schenectady 


4,258 


15 


Schoharie 


m 


23,154 


27,910 


Schoharie 


5^146 


32 


Seneca 


wm 


17,773 


21 031 


( Ovid 
( Waterloo 


2,756 
1,837 


171 

173 


Stpnhpn 


swm 


21,989 


33,975 


Bath 


3,387 


216 


Tioga 


swm 


14,716 


27,704 


{ Elmira 


2,962 


198 


Tompkins 






( Owego 


3,080 


167 


swm 


26,178 


36,545 


[thaca 


5,270 


163 


Warren 


em 


9,453 


11,795 


Caldwell 


797 


62 


Washington 


e 


38,831 


42,615 


{ Salem 


2,972 


46 








I Sandy Hill 




50 


Wayne 


wm 


20,319 


33,555 


i Lyons 


3,603 


181 




( Palmyra 


3,434 


196 


Yates 


wm 


11,025 


19,0191 


Penn Yan 


185 


42 7KaJ JVoriA Dist. 


944,262 


1,366,467 








56 TbtaJ q/" JV*. York] 




1,913,508, of whom 46 are slaves. 





68 



NEW YORK. 



imiWHMj Lake Erte 
|] Buffalo 

iH=^ s Tonnewanta Or 

Pendleton 
l|||§|||pE Lock-port 



jig^ .-J? JiriuilJrport 

gl RoacZ under can. 
Newport 





f Brockport 



pTfT Pittsfield 

Qrt. Embankment 



Palmyra 



Population at Different Periods, 

Population. Increase from Slaves, 

In 1790, 340,120 21,324 
1800, 586,050 1790 to 1800, 245,930 20,613 
1810, 959,049 1800 1810. 372,999 15,017 
1820, 1,372,812 1810 1820, 413,763 10,088 
1825, 1,616,458 

1830, 1,913,508 1820 1830, 540,696 46 
The principal rivers are the Hudson, Mohawk, St. 
Lawrence, Delaware, Susquehanna, Tioga, Allegha- 
ny, Genesee, Oswego, Niagara, Tonnewanta, Black, 
Oswegatchie, St. Regis, Racket, Salmon, and Sara- 
nac. A part of the lakes Erie, Ontario, and Cham- 
plain, belongs to New York. The other lakes in 
this state are, lakes George, Cayuga, Seneca, Oneida, 
Oswegatchie, Canandaigua, Chatauque, Skeneatiles, 
and several smaller ones. 



New York State Canals. 



Erie Canal 
Champlain 
Oswego 

Cayuga & Seneca 



Length. 
383 milt 
63 " 
38 " 
20 " 



Total cost. 
$9,027,456 95 
1,179,871 05 
525,115 37 
214,000 31 



Tolls in 1831. 

$1,091,714 26 
102,896 23 
16,271 10 
12,920 39 




Jordan 



|p Otisco 
Syracuse 



Manlius 



vNew Boston 



Fall Hill 
, - ; Little Falls 



. Canajokarie 
IfffS Anthony's JVose 



. PlattskillJlg. 
Schenectady 

- _ , Wat Hoix Gap 
HlP Cahoos Falls 
If Champlain Canal 
1 



Albany 
Hudson River 



$1,223,801 98 

The Erie Canal, which forms a communication 
between the Hudson and lake Erie, extending from 
Albany to Buffalo, is the most magnificent work of 
the kind in America, and is much longer 1 than any 
canal in Europe. 

The Champlain Canal, which forms a communi- 
cation between the Hudson and lake Champlain, is 
63 miles long, and extends from Whitehall to Water- 
vliet, where it unites with the Erie Canal. 

The Oswego Canal extends from Oswego to Salina, 
38 miles, and unites lake Ontario with the Erie Canal. 

The Delaware and Hudson Canal, formed by the 
Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, extends from 
the Hudson to the Delaware, 60 miles ; thence up the 
Delaware, 22 miles ; thence up the valley of the 
Lackawaxen to Honesdale, 24 miles ; total length, 
106 miles : average cost, about $15,000 a mile. 

The debt on account of canals, on the 1st of Jan 
uary, 1832, was 8,055,645 dollars. 

The following are the principal cities and towns : 
New York, Albany, Utica, Hudson, Troy, and Sche- 
nectady, cities ; Newburgh, Poughkeepsie, Cattskill, 
Athens, Lansingburgh, Waterford, and Sandy Hill, 
on the Hudson ; Cooperstown, Goshen, Cherry Val- 
ley, Sacket's Harbor, Oswego, Auburn, Skeneatiles, 
Geneva, Canandaigua, Rochester, and Buffalo, west 
of the Hudson ; Piattsburg, on Lake Champlain, and 
Brooklyn and Sag-Harbor, on Long Island. 

The surface of the eastern part of the state of New 
York, is greatly diversified ; there are some level 
tracts ; but the greater part is hilly, or mountainous. 
The Catskill mountains are the principal range in the 
state. There are numerous summits west of Lake 



NEW YORK. 



69 



Champlain, the highest of which is estimated at nearly 3,000 feet above the 
lake. The western part of the state is mostly a level, or moderately uneven 
country ; but towards the Pennsylvania line it becomes hilly and broken. 

A great part of this state has a good soil, and a considerable portion is cele- 
brated for its fertility. Much of the country is excellent for grazing ; and a 
great proportion is exceedingly well adapted to raising grain, and to the vari- 
ous purposes of agriculture. The level tracts in the western part have a deep 
rich soil, and yield abundant crops of Indian corn, wheat, &c. A considerable 
part of the state is under good cultivation, particularly the west end of Long 
Island, and the counties of West-Chester and Duchess. 

Wheat is raised in greater abundance than any other kind of grain. Indian 
corn, rye, oats, flax, hemp, peas, beans, various kinds of grass, &c, are ex- 
tensively cultivated. Orchards are abundant, and great quantities of excellent 
cider are made. Various other kinds of fruit flourish well, as pears, peaches 
in the southern part, plums, cherries, &c. 

Iron ore is found in great abundance, in various parts. Gypsum, limestone, 
marble, slate, lead, &c, occur in different places. Salt springs are found in 
the counties of Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Ontario, Genesee, and Oneida. 
These springs supply 1,441,558 bushels of salt annually, and the manufacture 
may be extended to any desirable quantity. The mineral waters of New York 
are the most celebrated in America. The waters of Saratoga and Ballston 
are visited from all parts of the Union. New Lebanon Springs are much re- 
sorted to for bathing. Sulphur springs are numerous ; of these Clifton springs 
at Farmington, are the most noted. Oil springs, which produce Seneca oil, 
are found in Cataraugus and Alleghany counties. 

There are many natural curiosities in this state ; the most celebrated of 
which is the great cataract of Niagara. Baker's and Glen's Falls on the 
Hudson, Adgate Falls on Sable river, the Cohoes on the Mohawk, and the falls 
on the Genesee, Salmon river, Fall Creek, Black river, and West Canada 
Creek, are all objects of interest. The passage of the Hudson through the 
Highlands, Rockbridge in Chester, Split Rock on Lake Champlain, the Ridge 
road extending from the Genesee to Lewiston, and the scenery around Lake 
George, are all regarded as curiosities. 

Not long since there was discovered on the north bank of Black river, op- 
posite to the village of Watertown, an extraordinary cavern, the mouth of 
which is about 10 rods from the river. It has been but partially explored, al- 
though it is said to have been traversed to the distance of more than 100 
rods. It is of vast extent, comprising a great number of spacious rooms, halls, 
and chambers, with immense quantities of calcareous concretions in different 
states, from the consistence of lime mortar to that of the most beautiful sta- 
lactites as hard as marble. The mouth of the cavern is a small hollow, about 

5 feet below the surrounding surface of the earth. You then descend 16^ feet 
into a room, about 16 feet by 20, and 8 feet high ; and behold in front of you 
a large table rock, 12 or 14 feet square, 2 thick, and elevated about 4 feet 
from the bottom of the cavern ; the roof over-head is covered with stalactites, 
some of which reach to the rock. On your left hand is an arched way of 150 
feet, and on your right is another arched way, 6 feet broad at the bottom, and 

6 high, leading into a large room. Passing by this arch about 20 feet, you ar- 
rive at another, which leads into a hall 10 feet wide, and 100 long, from 5 to 
8 high, supported by pillars and arches, and the side bordered with curtains, 
plaited in variegated forms, as white as snow. Near the middle of this hall 
an arched way extends through, which, like the hall, is bordered with curtains, 
hung over with stalactites. Returning into the hall, you pass through another 
arch into a number of rooms on the left hand, curtained^ and having stalac- 
tites hanging from the roof. You then descend 10 feet into a chamber about 
20 feet square, 2 high, curtained in like manner, and hung over with stalac 



70 



NEW YORK. 



fites. In one corner of this chamber, a small mound is formed, about 12 feet 
in diameter, rising 3 feet from the floor ; the top of which is hollow and full of 
water, from the drippings of stalactites above, some of which reach near to 
the basin. 

The number and spaciousness of the rooms, curtained and plaited with large 
plaits, extending along the walls from 2 or 3 feet from the roof, of the most 
perfect whiteness, resembling the most beautiful tapestry ; the large drops of 
water which are constantly suspended from the roofs above ; the columns of 
spar resting on pedestals, which in some places seem to be formed to support 
the arches ; the reflection of the lights, and the great extent and variety of the 
scenery of this wonderful cavern, form altogether one of the most pleasing 
and interesting scenes of the kind ever beheld by the eye of man. 

The exports of New York exceed those of any other state in the Union, and 
amounted, in 1829, to 20,119,000 dollars. They consist of beef, pork, wheat, 
flour, Indian corn, rye, butter, cheese, pot and pearl ashes, flaxseed, peas, 
beans, horses, cattle, lumber, &c. 
Manufac- There were in this state in 1831, 208 woollen manufactories, and 
tures. ftiQ fatal value of woollens manufactured annually was estimated at 
$2,500,000. The number of iron works in the state is over 200, and the 
total value of all manufactures of iron is estimated at $4,000,000. 

There are in the state of New York, (1832,) 112 cotton manufactories. 

Amount of capital invested, $4,485,500 

Value of goods manufactured annually, 3,530,250 

Pounds of cotton used annually, 7,961,670 

Equal to 26,538 bales, of 300 lbs. each. 

Number of spindles in use, 157,316 

Number of persons employed and sustained by said establishments, 15,971 

The following will give some idea of the amount of several of the principal 
manufactures in this state made annually. 

Woollens $2,500,000 

Cottons , 3,520,250 

Iron and manufactures 4,000,000 

Paper. 700,000 

Leather , 3,458,650 

Hats 3,500,000 

Boots and shoes, deducting leather 3,000,000 

Window glass 200,000 

Domestic articles made in families 4,823,831 



$25,702,731 

Onondaga Salt Springs. — On the borders of Onondaga lake there are val- 
uable saline springs, which are the property of the state, and from which salt 
in large quantities, is manufactured. The water yields salt at the rate of one 
bushel to 45 gallons. The salt is made at the villages of Salina, Syracuse, 
Liverpool, and Geddes. 

Bushels. Duties. 

Quantity of salt inspected in 1826, 827,508 $68,825.33 

Do. do. 1827, 983,410 126,942.41 

Do. do. 1828, 1,160,888 131,959.32 

Do. do. 1829, 1,404,800 

In the state of New York are 67 banks, January 1832, including 3 branches 
of the United States bank ; 19 of which are in the city of New York, 5 at Al 
bany, 3 at Troy, 2 at Rochester, and the others are in various parts of the 
state, only one in a place. Total capital $27,133,460. 



NEW YORK. 



71 



Education principal literary seminaries in this state are Columbia Col- 

1 ' lege, in the city of New York ; Union College, at Schenectady ; Ham- 
ilton College, at Clinton ; Geneva College, at Geneva ; the Medical Colleges in 
New York city and at Fairfield ; the Theological Seminaries in New l^ork city, 
at Auburn, Hartwick, and Hamilton ; the Polytechny, at Chittenango ; the 
Albany Academy, and about 50 other academies. 

Summary of the Annual Report of the Superintendent of Common Schools, 

January, 1832. 

Organized counties 55 

Towns and wards 793 

School districts 9,383 

Those that have made reports 8,835 

Whole number of scholars taught in the common schools 506,887 

Whole number of children between 5 and 16 in the districts from 

which reports have been received 509,731 

Increase of children taught in 1831 7,463 

Increase of number of districts , , , . . 270 

Average number of months in the year in which scholars are taught 8 

Amount of school moneys received in the several districts in the state, viz. — 

From the state treasury 8100,000 00 

Town taxes and local funds 144,886 09 

244,886 09 

Amount paid for teachers' wages over and above the public 

money 372,692 00 



Total paid teachers $617,578 09 

The productive capital of the School Fund, is $1,704,159 40. 

Newspapers are now published in all the organized counties of the state, 
except Putnam, Richmond, and Rockland, which counties are supplied with 
New York city and other papers. 

The daily papers are 18 in number, viz. 13 printed in the city of New 
York, 4 in Albany, and 1 in Rochester. 

In the city of New York 64 papers are published, viz. 

Whole number issued at each publication. Annually. 

13 Daily 13,200 (average, 1400) 5,623,800 

12 Semi-weekly 19,200. . . .(average, 1600). . . .1,996,800 

33 Weekly 56,000 2,912,000 

3 Semi-monthly 3,000 72,000 

3 Monthly 2,000 .24,000 



64 Papers. Total number of sheets printed annually, .. 10,628,600 
194 Probable number issued in other parts of the state, . . .5,400,000 



258 Total. .16,028,600 

The Presbyterians have 5 synods, 29 presbyteries, 587 churches, ReIj(riougdb 
486 ministers, 124 licentiates, and 54,093 communicants; the nomina- 
Dutch Reformed, 148 churches, 111 ministers, 7 licentiates, and tlons,183L 
8,672 communicants; the Associate Synod of N. A., 15 congregations 
13 ministers, and 1,6G8 communicants; the Methodists, 73,174 members; the 
Baptists, 549 churches, 387 ministers, and 43,565 communicants ; the Episco- 
palians, 129 ministers ; the Lutherans, 27 ministers, and 2,973 communicants ; 
the Roman Catholics, Friends, and Universalists are considerably numerous ; 
the Unitarians have 5 societies and 2 ministers, and there are some Shakers, 
and some United Brethren. 



\ 



72 NEW YORK. 

Comparative view of the number of Clergy in the State in 1819 and 1832. 

No. in 1819. No. in 1832. 

Presbyterians and Congregationalists 328 460 

Episcopalians 83 143 

Baptists 139 310 

Reformed Dutch 105 98 

Methodists 90 357 

Lutherans 16 13 

Other denominations, not enumerated in 1819 89 

Total 761 1470 

The settlement of this state was commenced by the Dutch, in 
18 ' 1614, who named the country New Netherlands, and established a 
colonial government in 1629. In 1664, Charles II. of England granted to 
his brother, the duke of York, a patent for a large tract of country, forming 
the present states of New York and New Jersey ; and during the same year, 
colonel Nicolls, with a considerable force, in the service of the duke, made a 
conquest of the country ; and the name of New Netherlands was afterwards 
changed into New York. In 1673, the colony was recaptured by the Dutch, 
and held by them a few months ; but, with the exception of this short period, 
it was in the possession of the English from 1664 till the American Revolu- 
tion, in 1775. 

constitution present constitution of the state of New York was formed in 

and govern- 1821. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected 

ment. ^ ^ e p e0 p} e eV ery two years ; and, at the same time, a lieutenant- 
governor is also chosen, who is president of the senate, and on whom, in case 
of the impeachment, resignation, death, or absence of the governor from office, 
the powers and duties of governor devolve. 

The legislative power is vested in a senate of 32 members, who are chosen 
for four years, and an assembly of 128 members, who are elected annually ; 
and these bodies united are styled The Legislature. 

For the election of the senators, the state is divided into eight districts, each 
being entitled to choose four senators, one of whom is elected every year. The 
members of the assembly are chosen by counties, and are apportioned accord- 
ing to population. 

The election of governor, lieutenant-governor, senators, and members of the 
assembly, is held at such time in the month of October or November, as the 
legislature may by law provide. 

The political year commences on the first day of January ; and the legisla- 
ture meets annually (at Albany) on the first Tuesday in January, unless a 
different day is appointed by law. 

The constitution grants the right of suffrage, in the election of public officers, 
to every white male citizen, of the age of 21 years, who has been an inhabitant 
of the state one year next preceding any election, and, for the preceding six 
months, a resident in the county where he may offer his vote ; but no man of 
color is entitled to vote unless he is possessed of a freehold estate of the value 
of 250 dollars, without any encumbrance. 

The chancellor and judges are appointed by the governor, with the consent 
of the senate. The chancellor and justices of the supreme and circuit courts 
hold their offices during good behavior, or until they attain the age of 60 years. 
The judges of the county courts, or courts of common pleas, are appointed for 
a term of five years. 

The governor's annual salary is $4,000. This state sends 40 representa- 
tives to congress 



NEW YORK. 



73 



PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON NEW YORK. 

1. How is New York bounded? 

2. How many square miles does it contain ? — 3. How many counties 1 

4. What was the total population in 1830 ? 

5. How many were slaves ? 

6. Mention the principal rivers and lakes. 

7. Mention the canals in New York, length, and their cost? 

8. What can you say of the Erie canal ? — 9. Champlain ? 

10. Delaware and Hudson? — -Principal cities and towns? 

11. Describe the face of the country. — 12. Soil. 

13. What is said of the different kinds of grain? 

14. How many bushels of salt do the salt springs of the state supply 
annually ? 

15. What was the amount of exports in 1829? 

16. What do the exports consist of? 

17. What was the number of woollen manufactures in the state in 1831 ? 

18. What the value of woollens manufactured annually? 

19. What is the number of iron works ? 

20. What is the value of all the manufactures of iron ? 

21. Give an account of the manufacture of cotton. 

22. Can you mention the annual amount of the principal manufactures in 
the state ? 

23. How many banks were there in the state, January 1832 ? 

24. Mention the principal literary seminaries. 

25. How many scholars were taught in the common schools of the state 
in 1831 ? 

26. What was the total number of clergy in 1832 ? 

27. Can you give a short history of the state ? 

28. When was the present constitution of the state formed ? 

29. In whom is the executive power of the state vested ? 

30. What is said of the legislative power ? 

31. Into how many districts is the state divided for the election of senators? 

32. When does the political year commence ? 

33. To whom does the constitution grant the right of suffrage 1 

34. What is the governor's salary ? 

35. How many representatives does the state send to congress T 



K 



14 



NEW JERSEY. 

NEW JERSEY. 




ARMS OF NEW JERSEY, 
is bounded N. by New York ; E. by the Atlantic and by 



New Jersey 

Hudson river, which separates it from New York ; S. by Delaware bay, and 
W. by Delaware river, which separates it from Pennsylvania. It extends from 
long. 1° 26' to 3° 9' E. from Washington, and from lat. 39° to 41° 24' N. 
It is 160 miles long from N. to S. and contains 8,320 square miles, or 
5.324,000 acres. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



Pop. 1820. 



Bergen, 

Burlington, 

Cape May, 

Cumberland, 

Essex, 

Gloucester, 

Hunterdon, 

Middlesex, 

Monmouth, 

Morris, 

Salem, 

Somerset, 

Sussex, 

Warren, 



ne 
m 
se 
s 

nm 
sm 

wm 

m 
e 

nm 
sw 
in 
nw 
nw 



14 



Total 



18,178 
28,822 
4,265 
12,668 
30,793 
23,039 

28.604 

21,470 

25,038 
21,368 
14,022 
16,506 
32,752 



Pop. 1830. 



277,575 



22,414 
31,066 
4,945 
14,091 
41,928 
28,431 

31,066 

23,157 
29,233 
23,580 
14,155 
17,689 
20,349 
18,634 



County Towns. 



H. 



Hackensack 
Mount Holly 
Cape May C, 
Bridgetown 
Newark 
Woodbury 
Teenton 
Flemington 
New Brunswick 
Freehold 
Morristown 
Salem 
Somerville 
Newton 
Belvidere 



Dist. from 
Trenton 



63 
21 
102 
69 
49 
39 

23 
27 
36 
55 
65 
33 
70 
54 



320,779, of whom 2,446 are slaves. 



Population. 

In 1790 184,139 
1800 211,149 
1810 245,562 
1820 277,575 
1830 320,779 



Population at different periods. 



Increase from 1790 to 1800, 27,010 

1800 1810, 34,413 

1810 1820, 32,013 



1820 



Slaves. 

11,423 
12,422 
10,851 
7,557 
2,446 



NEW JERSEY. 



"75 



Delaware river separates this state from Pennsylvania, and the Hudson forms 
the northern part of the eastern boundary. The other most considerable rivers 
are the Raritan, Passaic, Hackensack, Great Egg Harbor River, and 
Musconetcunk. 

Trenton is the seat of government. The other most considerable towns are 
Newark, New Brunswick, Elizabethtown, Burlington, and Amhoy. 

The Morris Canal is intended to connect the Delaware and Hudson rivers, 
and to extend from Easton to Jersey City. The whole line from Easton on the 
Delaware, to Newark on the Passaic, is finished. The remaining part, from 



Newark to Jersey City is about 11 miles long. Hopatcong lake, at the summit 
level, being about 900 feet above tide-water, supplies the canal with water 
throughout. The whole expense is estimated at a little upwards of 81,100,000. 

The Delaware and Raritan Canal, which is to extend from New Brunswick 
on the Raritan to Lamberton on the Delaware below Trenton, a distance of 28 
miles, is in progress, and will probably be finished in 1833. This will be a 
source of great internal improvement. It is 7 feet deep, and 75 feet wide at 
the water-line. 

Charters for several rail-roads have been granted by the legislature within 
two years, the state having reserved the right to levy a transit duty upon the 
goods, &c. transported upon them, which is expected to yield to the state a 
large revenue, when the works shall be completed. 

The most important of these enterprises is the Camden and Amboy Rail- 
road, the charter of which was granted in 1829, and which is to extend from 
Amboy to Camden, a distance of 61 miles. The part of this rail-road which 
extends from Amboy to Bordentown, 34 miles in length, and having a devia- 
tion of only f of a mile in the whole distance from a right line, is expected to 
be completed in 1832. The other part of the rail-road, from Bordentown to 
Camden, a distance of 27 miles, is expected to be finished early in the summer 



The Paterson and Hudson River Rail-road is to extend from Paterson to 
Jersey City, a distance of 14 miles. The stock has been taken up, and the 
work commenced. A charter was granted in 1832 for a rail-road from the 
Hudson river through Newark, Elizabethtown, near Rahway, and Woodbridge, 
to New Brunswick, and by means of the connecting road which the joint com- 
panies are compelled to make, it will be united to the Camden and Amboy 
Rail-road. 

The four northern counties, Sussex, Warren, Morris, and Bergen, are moun- 
tainous. The next four, Hunterdon, Somerset, Essex, and Middlesex, are 
agreeably diversified with hills and valleys. South Mountain, a great ridge of 
the Alleghany range, crosses the state in lat. 41 N., and the Kittatinny ridge 
crosses a little to the north of South Mountain. The greater part of the six 
southern counties is composed of the long range of level country which com- 
mences at Sandy Hook . and lines the coast of the middle and southern states. 




J 



PROFILE VIEW OF THE MORRIS CANAL. 



Of 1833. 



76 



NEW JERSEY. 



Much of this range is nearly barren, producing only shrub oaks and yellow 
pines ; but the rest of the state has a large proportion of good soil, excellent for 
grazing, and for the various purposes of agriculture. The productions are 
wheat, rye, maize, buckwheat, potatoes, oats, and barley. Great numbers of 
cattle are raised in the mountainous parts for the markets of New York and 
Philadelphia. Large quantities of butter and cheese are also made. 

The exports are flour, wheat, horses, cattle, hams, cider, lumber, flax-seed, 
leather, and iron. The greater part of the produce exported from this state, 
passes through New York and Philadelphia : and hence the amount of the direct 
foreign exports in 1829 was but $8,000. 

Great quantities of leather are manufactured at the valuable tanneries of 
Trenton, Newark, and Elizabethtown. Large quantities of shoes are made at 
Newark. There are 8 glass-houses in Gloucester county, and there are paper- 
mills and nail manufactories in various parts of the state. But the most impor- 
tant manufacture is that of iron. In the county of Morris, there are 7 rich 
iron mines, 2 furnaces, 2 rolling and slitting mills, and 30 forges. The annual 
produce of these works is about 540 tons of bar iron, 800 tons of pig, besides 
large quantities of hollow ware, sheet iron, and nail rods. There are also iron 
works in the counties of Burlington, Gloucester, Sussex, &c. The annual 
produce in the whole state, is computed at about 1200 tons of bar iron, 1200 
tons of pig, and 80 tons of nails, exclusive of small articles. 

The number of cotton manufactories is 51, with an aggregate capital of 
2,027,644, which make annually 5,133,776 yards of cloth. 

There are in New Jersey 18 banks, viz. Belvidere Bank, Belvidere ; Cum- 
berland Bank, Bridgetown ; Salem Banking Company, Salem ; State Bank, 
Camden ; Farmers' Bank of New Jersey, Mount Holly ; Trenton Banking 
Company, Trenton ; New Brunswick Bank, New Brunswick ; State Bank, 
New Brunswick ; State Bank, Elizabeth ; State Bank, Newark ; Newark 
Banking and Insurance Company, Newark ; Commercial Bank of New Jersey, 
Perth Amboy ; Washington Bank, Hackinb-ack ; People's Bank, Paterson ; 
State Bank, Morris ; Sussex Bank, Newton ; Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank, 
Rahway ; Orange Bank, Orange ; Morris Canal and Banking Company, 
Jersey City. 

There are colleges and theological seminaries at Princeton and 

llca * " New Brunswick, and academies at various places. 

This state has a school fund which amounted, in October, 1829, to 
$245,404 47, which is all in productive stocks, yielding an interest, on an 
average, of about 5 per cent. A tax of half of one per cent, on the amount 
of the capital stock of the several banks subscribed and paid in, is also appro- 
priated to this fund ; and the whole annual income is about $22,000. By a 
law passed in 1829, $20,000 were annually appropriated to the support of 
common schools out of the income of the fund. 

The number of periodical presses is 19. 
Reii-ious ^e Presbyterians have 85 churches, 88 ministers, 20 licentiates, 
denomina- and 12,519 communicants; the Methodists, 10,730 members; the 

tious - Dutch Reformed, 28 churches and 28 ministers ; the Baptists, 34 
churches, 21 ministers, and 2,324 communicants ; the Episcopalians, 20 min- 
isters ; the Friends are considerably numerous, and there are some Congre- 
gationalists. 

The constitution of New Jersev was formed in 1776; and no 

Constitution . . . . J , , 1 . ' , 

a«d govern- revision oi it has since taken place, except that the legislature has 
went, undertaken to explain its provisions in particular parts. The govern- 
ment is vested in a governor, legislative council, and general assembly ; and 
these bodies united are styled The Legislature. 

The members of the legislative council and of the general assembly, are 
elected annually, on the second Tuesday in October. 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



7? 



The number of members of the legislative council is 14, one being elected by 
each county in the state. The general assembly has consisted, for a number 
of years past, of 43 members ; but by a law enacted in 1829, seven additional 
members were added ; and it will hereafter consist of 50 members, apportioned 
among the counties as follows : — Bergen 3, Essex 5, Morris 4, Sussex 3, War- 
ren 3, Hunterdon 5, Somerset 3, Middlesex 4, Monmouth 4, Burlington 5, 
Gloucester 4, Salem 3, Cumberland 3, and Cape May !• 

The legislature meets annually (at Trenton), on the 4th Tuesday in October. 

The governor is chosen annually by a joint vote of the council and assembly, 
at their first joint meeting after each annual election. The governor is presi- 
dent of the council ; and the council also elect from their own body, at their 
first annual meeting, a vice-president, who acts in the place of the governor in 
his absence. The governor and council form a court of appeals, in the last 
resort in all causes of law ; and they possess the power of granting pardon to 
criminals after condemnation. 

The constitution grants the right of suffrage to " all persons of full age who 
are worth fifty pounds proclamation-money, clear estate in the same, and have 
resided within the county in which they claim to vote for twelve months imme- 
diately preceding the election." The legislature has declared, by law, that 
every white male inhabitant, who shall be over the age of 21 years, and shall 
have paid a tax, shall be considered worth fifty pounds, and entitled to a vote. 

The judges are appointed by the legislature, those of the supreme court for a 
term of seven years, and those of the inferior courts for five years ; both are 
capable of being reappointed. 

This state sends 6 representatives to congress. Governor's salary, 82,000. 

Note— The practical questions will be omitted in the remaining states as the teacher may easily 
ask questions, similar to those which are given on the other states, and any others that he may think 
useful. 



PENNSYLVANIA. 




ARMS OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
Pennsylvania is bounded N. by New York and lake Erie ; E. by New 
Jersey, S. E. by Delaware, S. by Maryland and Virginia, and W. by part of 
Virginia and Ohio. It extends from 39° 42' to 47° 17' N. lat. and from 3° 
31' VV. Ion. to 2° 18' E. Ion. from Washington. Its greatest length from east 



78 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



to west is 307 miles, and its average breadth, 160. Extent, 46,000 square 
miles, or 29,440,000 acres. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



Eastern Distinct. 



Counties. 


Pop. 1820. 


Pop. 1830. 


County Towns. 


Pop. 


Distance fr. 
Hanisburg. 


Adams 


s 


19,370 


21,379 


Gettysburg 


1,473 


34 


Berks 


se 


46,275 


53,357 


Reading 


5,859 


52 


Bucks 


se 


37,842 


45,740 


! 


Doylestown 
Bristol 


1,262 


107 
122 


Chester 


se 


44,451 


50,908 


West Chester 


1,258 


75 


Cumberland 


sm 


23,606 


29,218 


Carlisle 


2,523 


18 


Delaware 


se 


14,810 


17,361 


Chester 


848 


95 


Dauphin 
Franklin 


sem 




nr. qaq 


Hasrisburg 


A Oil 

4,311 




s 


31,892 


35,103 


Chambersburg 


2,794 


48 


Lehigh 


e 


18,895 


22,266 


Allentown 


85 


Lancaster 


se 


68,336 


7o,ooo 


Lancaster 




OO 


Lebanon 


sem 


16,988 


OA K it r> 

20,o4o 


Lebanon 


7,704 


24 


Montgomery 


e 


35,793 


39,404 


Norristown 




88 


Northampton 
Perry 


e 


31,765 


39,267 


Easton 


3,529 


101 


m 


11,342 


14/257 


New Bloomfield 


1,089 


36 


Philadelphia se 
^Philadelphia city 


73,295 
63,802 


108,503 

80,458 




> Philadelphia 


80,458 


98 


Pike 


e 


2,894 


4,843 


Milford 




1 57 
lot 


Schuylkill 


em 


11,339 


20,783 


Orwigsburg 
Bethany 


773 


5Q 


Wayne 


ne 


4,127 


7,663 


327 


162 


York 


s 


38,759 


42,658 


York 


4 21 fi 


24 






Western District. 






Alleghany 


w 


27,673 


37,964 




jj Pittsburg 


12,542 


201 


*'Pittsburg 


city 


7,248 


12,542 






Armstrong 


ID 


10,324 


17,625 


;Kittaning 


1,620 


183 


Beaver 


w 


15,340 


24,206 


Beaver 


914 


229 


Bedford 


& 


20,248 


24,536 jBedford 


870 


105 


Bradford 


71 


11,554 


19,669 




Towanda 






Butler 


XL 


10,193 


14,683 




Butler 


cork 

580 


20o 


Cambria 


n 


2,287 


7,079 




Ebensburg 


270 


lol 


Centre 


or 


13,797 


18,765 




Bellefonte 


699 


DC 

OO 


Clearfield 


n 


2,342 


4,803 




Clearfield 




129 


Columbia 


en 


v 17,621 


20,049 




Danville 




OO 


Crawford 


nu 


9,397 


16,005 




Meadville 


1,070 


236 


Erie 


mi 


> 8,553 


16,908 




Erie 


1,329 


272 


Fayette 


sn 


> 27,285 


29,237 




Uniontown 


1,341 


lo4 


' Greene 


su 


> 15,554 


18,028 




Waynesburg 






Huntingdon 


rr 


i 20,144 


27,159 




Fluntingdon 




on 


i Indiana 


ion 


i 8,882 


14,251 




Indiana 


433 


157 


Jefferson 


wn 


i 561 


2,225 




Brookville 




165 


Luzerne 


en 


i 20,027 


27,304 


Wilkesbarre 


2,233 


114 


Lycoming 


n 


i 13,517 


17,637 


Williamsport 




87 


McKean 


7 


i 728 


1,439 


Smithport 




200 


Mercer 


11 


; 11,681 


19,731 




Mercer 


656 


235 


Mifflin 


71 


i 16,618 


21,529 


Lewistown 


1,479 


55 


Northumberland n 


i 15,424 


18,168 


Sunbury 


1,057 


52 


Potter 


1 


i 186 


1,265 


Cowdersport 




174 



* Philadelphia and Pittsburg exclusive of the suburbs. 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



79 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. — Con tinned . 



Western District. 



Somerset s 
Susquehannah ne 
Tioga n 
Union m 
Venango w 
Warren nw 
Washington sw 
Westmoreland sw 

51 Total ofPenn. 



Pop. 1820. 


Pop. 1S30. 


County Towns. 


13,974 


17^441 


Somerset 


9,660 


16,777 


Montrose 


4,021 


9,062 


Wellsborough 


18,619 


20,749 


New Berlin 


4,915 


9,128 


Franklin 


1,976 


4,706 


Warren 


40,038 


42,860 


Washington 


30,540 


38,400 


Greensburg 


1,049,313 


1,347,672 





Pop. 

~649~ 
415 



409 

1,816 
810 



Distance fr. 
Harrisburg. 

143~ 
163 
147 
60 
212 
240 
212 
170 



Population at Different Periods, 





Population. 


Increase 


: from 




Slaves. 


In 1701, 


20,000 










1763, 


280,000 


1701 to 1763, 


260,000 




1790, 


434,373 


1763 


1790, 


154,373 


3,737 


1800, 


602,545 


1790 


1800, 


168,172 


1,706 


1810, 


810,091 


1800 


1810, 


207,546 


795 


1820, 


1,049,313 


1810 


1820, 


239,222 


211 


1830, 


1,347,672 


1820 


1830, 


298,659 


386 



Reading 
Schuylkill 



P0TTSVIL.L2 

Tunnel 



There are three incorporated cities in this state, Phil- 
adelphia, Pittsburg, and Lancaster. The other most 
noted towns are Reading, Easton, Bethlehem, Carlisle, 
York, Germantown, Chambersburg, Columbia, Sun- 
bury, Brownsville, Washington, &c. 

The principal rivers are the Delaware, Schuylkill, 
Lehigh, Susquehanna, Juniata, Alleghany, Monongahela, 
and Ohio. 

The Union Canal extends from Reading on Cana , g 
the river Schuylkill, where it intersects the 
Schuylkill Canal, to Middletown on the Susquehannah 
river, a distance of 80 miles. 

The Schuylkill Canal extends from Philadelphia to 
the coal mines at Port Carbon, a distance of 114 miles. 

The Lehigh Canal extends along that river from 
Easton to Mauch Chunk, a distance of 47 miles. A 
rail road 9 miles in length, extends from Mauch Chunk 
to the coal mines. 

The Lacka waxen Canal extends from the Delaware 
river at the mouth of Lackawaxen creek, up it to near 
Bethany, 24 miles ; it there unites with a rail-road 9 
miles in length, which extends to the coal mines at the 
Lackawannock mountains. 

The Conestoga Canal connects the city of Lancaster 
with the Susquehanna river, length 18 miles. 

The Susquehanna Canal extends along the west side of that river from the 
mouth of the Juniata river to near the junction of the north and west branches, 
a distance of 39 miles. The canal is then extended along the north branch to 
the state of New York, a distance of 165 miles, and along the west branch to 
Dunnstown, a distance of 70 miles. 



isquehcm.no. R» 
i Middletown 



Palmyra 



jgfL Tunnel 
IfWSllzMS Lebanon 
=g j\iyerstown 
' Womclsdurf 

K^lf Bemville 



Hamburg 



Reading 



Pottstown 



laHS Phenixville 



Norristown 



Manayunk 
Fairmount 
Philadelphia 



PENNSYLVANIA. 




PENNSYLVANIA. 81 

The Pennsylvania canal extends from Columbia on the Susquehanna to the 
Juniata river, and thence to Pittsburg, a distance of 322 miles. 

The Pittsburg and Erie Canal is intended to unite the Ohio river at Pitts- 
burg, with lake Erie at the town of Erie. Length 168 miles, of which about 
20 miles are now finished. 

The Delaware division of the Pennsylvania Canal extends from Easton, at 
the mouth of the Lehigh river, to Bristol on the Delaware, a distance of 60 
miles. 

The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal will extend through the south-east part of 
Pennsylvania, from the state line at Wills' creek to Pittsburg, a distance of 151 
miles. 

According to the "Pennsylvania State Register," for 1831, "The whole ex- 
tent of the state canals is 428| miles, of which 406 miles are completed. Be- 
sides this extent of canal navigation, there are 302 miles belonging to private 
companies, making an aggregate, in the state, of 728 miles. — The public 
property of the commonwealth is as follows : 



Expended on the state canals $10,544,243 16 

Bank stock owned by the state 2,108,700 00 

Turnpike stock do 1 ,91 1 ,243 39 

Canal stock do 200,000 00 

Bridge stock do 410,000 00 



State debt, January 1, 1831, 



Total $15,174,186 55 
, $12,512,520,48.' 



Rail-Roads. 



VIEW OF THE COLUMBIA RAIL-ROAD. 




The Columbia Rail-Road 
extends from Philadelphia 
to Columbia, on the Susquehanna 
river, and is 83 miles in length. It 
crosses the river Schuylkill on a 
substantial bridge of three arches, 
about two miles above the city of 
Philadelphia. 

The Philadelphia, Germantown, and Norristown Rail-Road extends from the 
city of Philadelphia, in a north-western direction, to Norristown, upon the river 
Schuylkill, a distance of about 18 miles. 

Pennsylvania is intersected by various mountains. The principal ridges of 
the Alleghany mountains, comprehended in Pennsylvania, are the Kittatinny, 
or the Blue mountains. Behind these and nearly parallel to them, are Peters, 
Tuscarora, and Nescopeck mountains, on the east side of the Susquehanna ; 
on the west, Shareman's hill, Sideling hill, Ragged, Great, Warrior's, Evit's, 
and Wills' mountains ; then the great Alleghany ridge, which being the 
largest, gives name to the whole ; and west of this are the Chestnut ridges. 
Between the Juniata and the west branch of the Susquehanna, are Jacks, 
Tussys, Nittiny, and Bald Eagle mountains. The valleys between these moun- 
tains are often of a rich, black soil, suited to the various kinds of grass and 
grain. Some of the mountains admit of cultivation almost to their summits. 
The other parts of the state are generally level, or agreeably diversified with 
hills and valleys. 

The soil of Pennsylvania is various ; a small part of it is barren, but a 
great proportion of it fertile and a considerable part very excellent. It is gene- 
rally better adapted to tillage than grazing ; and much of it, particularly the 
south-east part, is under excellent cultivation. The two best tracts of land are, 
one in the south-east part, along the Susquehanna, the other in the north-west 
part, between lake Erie and Alleghany river. Wheat is the most important 



82 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



article of produce. The next in value is Indian corn. Buckwheat, rye, barley- 
oats, flax, hemp, beans, peas, and potatoes are extensively cultivated. Cherries, 
peaches, apples, and cider, are abundant. There are large dairies in many 
parts. Pennsylvania has an excellent breed of horses. 

Iron ore is distributed in large quantities in many parts of the state ; and in 
some places copper, lead, and alum are found. Here are also numerous lime- 
stone quarries, and various kinds of marble ; and in the middle and western 
parts there is an abundance of coal. 

The general style of architecture in this state is neat and solid. Stone 
buildings are most common in old settlements ; brick houses are frequent ; log 
and frame houses abound in the new country. In the towns there is a con- 
siderable proportion of brick houses. Many turnpike roads of the most du- 
able materials, and best construction, are made in various parts of the state, 
hat from Philadelphia to Lancaster is 62 miles in length, 24 feet wide, and 
covered 18 inches deep with powdered stone. Numerous bridges, of great 
strength and beauty, are constructed over the rivers. 

Pennsylvania exceeds all the other states in the variety and extent of her 
manufactures, some of which are of superior excellence. In 1832 there were 
67 cotton manufactories in the state, with an aggregate capital of $3,758,500, 
and making annually 21,332,467 yards of cloth. In the article of iron manu- 
factures Pennsylvania far excels any other state in the Union. The total 
value of manufactures, including about 250 different articles, is estimated at 
870,000,000. 

In 1831 there were 33 banks in this state, 11 of which were in the city of 
Philadelphia. The bank capital is $10,310,333. 

Educatior ^ e principal literary seminaries in this state are the University 
' of Pennsylvania with its Medical School, at Philadelphia ; Dickinson 
College, at Carlisle ; Jefferson College, at Canonsburg ; Washington College, 
at Washington ; Western University, at Pittsburg ; Alleghany College, at 
Meadville ; Madison College, at Union Town ; Mount Airy College, at Ger- 
mantown ; the Theological Seminaries, at Gettysburg, York, and Alleghany 
Town ; and the Moravian schools, at Bethlehem, Nazareth, and Litiz. 

The Constitution declares that " the legislature shall, as soon as convenient- 
ly may be, provide by law for the establishment of schools in such manner 
that the poor may be taught gratis." Under this injunction means have been 
provided in nearly all the counties of the state, for the instruction of the 
children of indigent parents. They are sent to the most convenient schools 
of the neighborhoods in which they respectively reside, and the expense is 
paid by the county commissioners. In the city and county of Philadelphia, 
which constitutes the First School District of Pennsylvania, the Lancasterian 
system has been introduced for the education of the children described in the 
Constitution. In the Twelfth Annual Report of the Comptrollers of the 
Public Schools of this district, dated Feb. 23, 1830, it is stated, that "during 
twelve years, 34,703 children had received the benefits of tuition under the 
wise and beneficent provisions of the existing act of the General Assembly." 
These schools are superintended by gentlemen who serve without compensa- 
tion. The teachers are well qualified for their duties, and are liberally paid. 

The number of periodical presses in 1831, was 150. 
Religious de- ^ ne Presbyterians have 429 churches, 209 ministers, 39 licen- 
nomina- tiates, and 38,873 communicants; the Methodists, 140 preachers, 

tions, 1831. anc j 4(^3gQ mem b ers j the Baptists, 144 churches, 96 ministers, and 
7,561 communicants; the German Reformed Church, 282 churches, and 73 
ministers ; the Episcopalians, 60 ministers ; the Associate Presbyterians, 39 
congregations, 18 ministers, and 4,180 communicants; the Evangelical Lu- 
therans, 2 synods ; the Dutch Reformed Church, 6 churches and 6 ministers ; 
the Friends are numerous ; the United Brethren have about 15 congregations ; 



PENNSYLVANIA. 83 

the Unitarians, 5 congregations and 3 ministers ; and there is a considerable 
number of Roman Catholics, some Universalists, Jews, &c. 

Pennsylvania was granted by Charles II. by a charter signed on 
the 4th of March, 1681, to the illustrious William Penn, who was IS ory " 
constituted the proprietary of the province. In 1682, William Penn, together 
with about two thousand settlers, most of whom, like himself, belonged to the 
society of Friends or Quakers, arrived in the country ; and in the following 
year he laid out the plan of the city of Philadelphia. He established a friendly 
intercourse with the Indians, which was not interrupted for more than seventy 
years. 

From the beginning of the 18th century till the commencement of the 
American Revolution, the government was generally administered by deputies 
appointed by the proprietaries, who mostly resided in England. 

The first Constitution of Pennsylvania was adopted in 1776 ; the Constitu . 
present Constitution in 1790. tion and go- 

The legislative power is vested in a General Assembly, consisting vernment - 
of a Senate and House of Representatives. 

The representatives are elected annually on the second Tuesday in October 
by the citizens of Philadelphia and of the several counties, apportioned accord 
ing to the number of taxable inhabitants. The number cannot be less than 60, 
nor more than 100. 

The senators are chosen for four years, one fourth being elected annually, 
at the time of the election of the representatives. Their number cannot be 
greater than one third, nor less than one fourth of the number of the represent- 
atives. 

[In 1829, it was enacted by the General Assembly, " that until the next 
enumeration of taxable inhabitants, and an apportionment thereon, the senate, 
at a ratio of 7,700 [taxable inhabitants], shall consist of 33 members;" and 
"the house of representatives, at a ratio of 2,554, shall consist of 100 mem- 
bers." — The following statement shows the representative number, and the 
number of members of the legislature, at different periods. 

Ratio. Senators. . Ratio. Reps. 

1793 to 1800 24 78 

1800 " 1807 4,670 25 1,350 86 

1807 " 1814 4,500 31 1,500 95 

1814 " 1821 5,250 31 1,750 97 

1821 " 1828 6,300 33 2,100 100 

1828 " 1835 7,700 33 2,544 100.] 

The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people 
on the second Tuesday in October, and who holds his office during three years, 
from the third Tuesday in December next following his election ; and he can- 
not hold the office more than 9 years in any term of 12 years. 

The General Assembly meets annually (at Harrrisburg), on the first Tues- 
day in December, unless sooner convened by the governor. 

The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, in courts of oyer and 
terminer and jail-delivery, in courts of common pleas, an orphan's court, a 
register's court, a court of quarter sessions of the peace for each county, and 
in such other courts as the legislature may, from time to time, establish. The 
judges of the Supreme Court and the several courts of common pleas, are ap- 
pointed by the governor, and hold their offices during good behavior. 

The right of suffrage is possessed by every freeman of the age of 21 
years, who has resided in the state two years next preceding an election, and 
within that time paid a state or county tax, assessed at least six months before 
the election. 

This state sends 28 representatives to congress. Governor's salary, $4,000. 



Si DELAWARE. 



DELAWARE. 




ARMS OF DELAWARE. 
Delaware is bounded N. by Pennsylvania ; E. by Delaware river, Dela- 
ware bay, and the Atlantic ; S. and W. by Maryland. It extends from lat. 38° 
30' to 39° 45' N. and from Ion. 1° 13' to 1° 57' E. from Washington. It is 87 
miles long from N. to S. and from 10 to 36 broad, containing 2,120 square 
miles. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



Counties. 


Pop. 1620. 


Pop. 1830. 


County Towns. 


Distance 
from 
Dover. 


Kent m 

New Castle n 

Sussex s 
3 Total 


20,793 
27,899 
24,057 


19,911 
29,710 
27,118 


Dover 
( New Castle 
I Wilmington 

Georgetown 
of whom 3,305 are slaves 


42 
47 
40 


72,674 


76,739 



Population of Wilmington, the largest town, in 1820, 5,268; in 1830, 
6,628. 

Population at different periods. 

Population. 



In 



1790, 59,094 
1800, 64,273 
1810, 72,674 
1820, 72,749 
1830, 76,739 



Increase from 1790 to 1800, 5,179 

1800 1810, 8,401 

1810 1820, 75 

1820 1830, 3,990 



Slaves. 

8,887 
6,153 
4,177 
4,509 



The principal rivers besides the Delaware which forms a part of the bound- 
ary, are Brandywine Creek, Christiana Creek, Duck Creek, Mispillion Creek, 
Indian river, Choptank, and Nanticoke. 

The general aspect of this state is that of an extended plain, favorable for 
cultivation. Some of the upper parts of the county of New Castle, indeed, 
are irregular and broken. The heights of Christiana are lofty and command- 
ing, and the hills of Brandywine are rough and stony ; but in the lower coun- 



DELAWARE. 



85 



try, there is very little diversity of level. The highest ridge between Delaware 
and Chesapeake bays, passes through this state. On the summit of the ridge 
there is a chain of swamps, from which a number of waters descend on the 
west to Chesapeake bay, and on the east to the river Delaware. Along the 
Delaware river, and about nine miles into the interior, the soil is generally a 
rich clay, which produces large timber, and is well adapted to the purposes of 
agriculture ; but between this tract and the swamps the soil is light, sandy, and 
of an inferior quality. In the county of New Castle the soil is a strong clay ; 
in Kent it is mixed with sand, and in Sussex the sand greatly predominates. 

The principle articles of produce are wheat, Indian corn, rye, barley, oats, 
buckwheat, and potatoes. The county of Sussex contains some excellent 
grazing lands, and it exports great quantities of timber, obtained from Cyprus 
Swamp or Indian river, which extends about six miles from east to west, and 
nearly twelve from north to south. The staple commodity is wheat, which is 
produced of a superior quality, and is highly esteemed for its uncommon soft- 
ness and whiteness, and is preferred in foreign markets. Large establishments 
have been erected for manufacturing wheat into flour. Of these the Brandy- 
wine mills, in the vicinity of Wilmington, are the most important. These are 
one of the finest collection of mills in the United States, and are celebrated 
both for the excellence and the quantity of flour which they manufacture. 

In 1832 there were ten cotton manufactories, with an aggregate capital of 
$384,500, and making annually 5,203,746 yards of cloth. The other manu- 
factures of note are woollens, paper, and powder. 

Delaware contains very few minerals. In the county of Sussex and among 
the branches of the Nanticoke, are large quantities of bog iron ore, well adapt- 
ed for casting ; but it is not wrought to any extent. 



6 | 

yii MH^ I ■ :iiiaitei 

!'!;?!lM»ninil1HIIL'^S; ' lllllllllllllllll inillllllCS 'I lllltlmilHllllillltll il - " """ iiiimiimm— »» 




PROFILE VIEW OF THE CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL. 

This canal, which lies partly in Maryland, but chiefly in Delaware, Chesapeake 
13^ miles long, 66 wide at the surface of the water, and 10 feet deep, and Deia- 
opens a highly advantageous communication between Philadelphia ware CanaL 
and Baltimore, and other places, by sloops and steamboats. During the year 
beginning June 1, 1830, and ending June 1, 1831, there were employed 
between Philadelphia and Baltimore, Alexandria, Richmond, Petersburg, and 
Norfolk, in the transportation of passengers and merchandise, by way of this 
canal, 2 lines of steamboats and 7 lines of packets. 

There were made, during that time, according to the official report, the fol- 
lowing number of passages through this canal : — 1230 packets, with merchan- 
dise; 600 vessels, with wood, carrying 13,332 cords; 272 vessels, rafts, and 
arks, with lumber, carrying 7,118,734 feet; 294 vessels, with flour, carrying 
101,462 barrels ; 246 vessels, with wheat, corn, &c. carrying 289,173 bushels ; 
2638 vessels with cotton, iron, oysters, fish, whiskey, and various other arti- 
cles, making a total of 5,280 passages of vessels, of different descriptions, 
through the canal during the year. The tolls received during the same year 
amounted to $62,223 15. 

There is a rail-road extending from Newcastle on the Delaware to French- 



86 



DELAWARE. 



town, a distance of 16 miles, on which the passengers between Philadelphia 
and Baltimore are now transported. There is yet but one track completed. 

The number of banks in 1832 was 8, viz. 3 at Wilmington, 1 at Newcastle, 
1 at Georgetown, 1 at Dover, 1 at Smyrna, and 1 at Mil ford. 
Education This state has a school fund, amounting to $170,000, the interest 

u 1 ' of which, together with a small tax levied on each school district of 
four miles square, at the will of the majority of the taxable inhabitants, is 
appropriated to the support of common schools. No district is entitled to any 
share of the school fund, that will not raise, by taxation, a sum equal to its 
share of the income of the fund. But few of the districts have yet gone into 
operation under the school law. 

The number of periodical presses is 6, two of which are semi-weekly. 
Reiigousde- The Methodists in this state have 15 preachers, and 12,304 mem- 
nomina- bers ; the Presbyterians, 8 churches, 9 ministers, and 1300 commu- 
10ns * nicants ; the Baptists, 9 churches, 9 ministers, and 520 communi- 
cants ; the Episcopalians have 6 churches and 6 ministers. 

The first European settlement in this state was formed by Swedes 
1 * and Finns, in 1627 ; in 1655, the colony was taken from the Swedes 
by the Dutch, under governor Stuyvesant ; and after the conquest of New 
York by the English, in 1664, it was placed under the jurisdiction of the gov- 
ernment of New York. 

In 1682, the country was granted to William Penn, and it was placed under 
the same executive and legislative government with Pennsylvania. It was then, 
as it is now, divided into three counties, Newcastle, Kent, and Sussex, gene- 
rally styled, till the American revolution, " The Three Lower Counties upon 
the Delaware." 

In 1701, the representatives of Delaware withdrew from those of Pennsyl- 
vania; the first separate legislative assembly met at Newcastle, in 1704. 
Outlines of The legislative power is vested in a general assembly, consisting 
the consti- of a senate and house of representatives for two years. The represent- 
amended atives are elected, 7 from each county, the whole number being 21. 
Dec. i83i. ^he senators are elected for 4 years, 3 from each county, the whole 
number being 9. 

The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people 
for 4 years ; and he is not eligible a second time to said office. 

The general assembly meets on the first Tuesday in January, biennially. 
The first meeting under the amended constitution is to be in 1833. 

The constitution grants the right of suffrage to every free white male citizen 
of the age of twenty-two years or upwards, having resided in the state one 
year next before the election, and the last month thereof in the county where 
he offers to vote, and having within two years next before the election, paid a 
county tax, which shall have been assessed at least six months before the elec- 
tion ; and every free white male citizen of the age of twenty-one years and 
under the age of twenty-two years, having resided as aforesaid, shall be enti- 
tled to vote without payment of any tax. 

The judicial power of this state is vested in a court of errors and appeals, a 
superior court, a court of chancery, an orphan's court, a court of oyer and 
terminer, a court of general sessions of the peace and jail delivery, a register's 
court, justices of the peace, and such other courts as the general assembly may 
direct. 

The governor's annual salary is $1,333 33f . This state sends one repre- 
sentative to congress. 



MARYLAND. 

MARYLAND. 



87 




Maryland is bounded N. by Pennsylvania ; E. by Delaware and the At- 
lantic ; S. and W. by Virginia. It lies between long. 2° 31' W. and 1° 58 E. 
and between lat. 38° and 39° 44' N. It contains 13,959 square miles, or 
8,933,760 acres, of which one-fifth is water. Chesapeake bay runs through 
the state from N. to S. dividing it into two parts. The part east of the bay is 
called the eastern shore, and the part west of the bay, the western shore. The 
state is divided into 19 counties, 11 of which are on the western shore, and 8 
on the eastern. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 


Western Shore. 


Counties. J Pop. 1820. 


Pop. 1830. 


Chief Towns. 


Dist. from 
Annapolis. 


Alleghany nw 
Anne Arundel m 
Baltimore n 
Baltimore, city 
Calvert s 
Charles s 
Frederick n 
Hartford ne 
Montgomery wm 
Prince George's sm 
St. Mary's s 
Washington nwm 

Caroline e 
Cecil ne 
Dorchester se 
Kent e 
Queen Anne's e 
Somerset se 
Talbot em 
Worcester se 
19 Total 


8,654 
27,165 
33,663 
62,738 

8,073 
16,500 
40,459 
15,924 
16,400 
20,216 
12,974 
23,075 

1 

10,018 
10,048 
17,759 
11,453 
14,952 
19,579 
14,387 
17,421 
407,350 


10,602 
28,295 
40,251 
80,625 
8,899 
17,666 
45,793 
16,315 
19,816 
20,473 
13,455 
25,265 
Eastern Shoi 
9,070 
15,432 
18,685 
10,502 
14,396 
20,155 
12,947 
18,271 
446,913 


Cumberland 
Annapolis 

| Baltimore 

Prince Fredericktown 

Port Tobacco 

Frederick 

Belair 

Rockville 

Upper Marlborough 

Leonardtown 

Hagerstown 

*e. 

Denton 

Elkton 

Cambridge 

Chestertown 

Centreville 

Princess Anne 

Easton 

Snowhill 


165 

30 

63 
69 
76 
53 
52 
23 
72 
101 

44 
80 
62 
47 
32 

107 
47 

127 



88 



MARYLAND. 



Different Classes of Population in 1830, 

Whites. Slaves. Free col'd Persons. 

Males 147,315 53,429 34,920 

Females 143,778 49,449 28,022 

Total 291,093 102,878 52,942 

Deaf and dumb white persons. .131 ; slaves and colored persons 82 
Blind, white persons, 156 , slaves and colored persons 117 

Population of Maryland at different Periods. 

Population. Slaves. 

In 1790, 319,728 103,036 
" 1800, 345,824 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 26,096 108,554 

" 1810, 380,546 1800 1810, 34,722 111,502 

" 1820, 407,350 1810 1820, 16,804 107,398 

" 1830, 446,913 1820 1830, 39,563 102,878 

The principal rivers are the Potomac, which divides this state from Virginia, 
Susquehannah, Patapsco, Patuxent, Elk, Sassafras, Chester, Choptank, Nanti- 
coke, and Pocomoke. 

In the counties on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake, the land is generally 
level and low, and in many places is covered with stagnant waters, giving rise 
in the summer and fall months to agues, and intermittent fevers. On the west- 
ern shore, the land below the lowest falls of the river, is principally level and 
free from stones. Above these falls the country becomes successively uneven 
and hilly, and in the western part of the state is mountainous. The principal 
range of mountains is the Blue Ridge or South Mountains, which pass through 
the state in a northerly direction from Virginia into Pennsylvania. The extreme 
western part of the state is crossed by the Alleghany mountains. Between 
these and the Blue Ridge are several inferior chains, as Will's mountain, Evit's, 
Warrior, and Ragged mountains, and Sideling hill. The soil is well adapted 
to the culture of tobacco and wheat, which are the staple productions of the 
state. Some cotton of inferior quality is also raised, and in the western coun- 
ties, considerable quantities of flax and hemp. Two articles are said to be 
peculiar to Maryland ; the genuine white wheat, which grows in Kent, Queen 
Ann's, and Talbot counties, on the eastern shore ; and the bright kite'sfoot 
tobacco, which is produced on some parts of the western shore, south of Balti- 
more. The forests abound with various kinds of nuts, used for fattening hogs, 
which run wild in the woods, and are killed in considerable numbers for export- 
ation. Apples and peaches are abundant. 

Excellent roads proceed from Baltimore in various directions. Therens a 
turnpike from Baltimore to Cumberland on the Potomac, a distance of 135 
miles. From Cumberland to Brownsville on the Monongahela, in Pennsylva- 
nia, there is now completed by the United States, a free turnpike road, of the 
most superior construction. The distance is 72 miles, making the whole dis- 
tance from Baltimore to Brownsville 207 miles. This is the shortest and best 
communication yet opened between the tide water of the Atlantic and the navi- 
gable western waters. A turnpike extends from Baltimore, in a north-west 
direction, 16 miles, to Reistertown, and there divides ; one branch turning 
more to the north meets the Pennsylvania line in 19 miles ; the other in a W. 
N. W. direction, runs 29 miles in Maryland. 

Iron ore abounds in various parts of the state, and coal is found in inexhausti- 
ble quantities, and of a superior quality, on the Potomac, in the neighborhood 
of Cumberland. Furnaces have been erected in various places for the manu- 
facture of iron. Glass, paper, and whiskey are also made in considerable 
quantities. The value of manufactures in 1830, was $11,468,794. The prin- 
cipal exports are flour and tobacco. The value of the exports for the year 
ending September 30th, 1829, was $4,804,364. Maryland is the fourth state 




MARYLAND. 89 

in the Union in amount of shipping. In 1815, the number of tons was 156,062, 
and in 1828, it was 170,948. 

In 1832 there were 23 cotton manufactories in this state, with an aggregate 
capital of $2,144,000, which make annually 7,640,000 yards of cloth. 

The Baltimore and Ohio Rail-Road, which Baltimore and ohio rail-road. 
is to extend from the city of Baltimore to the 
river Ohio, about 350 miles, is finished to the 
Point of Rocks, and is the greatest enterprise 
of the kind undertaken in America. 

The Baltimore and Susquehanna Rail-Roacl 
is to extend from the city of Baltimore to 
York-haven, in Pennsylvania. 

The number of banks and branches in this state in 1831, was eighteen, nine 
of which were in the city of Baltimore. 

The principal literary seminaries in this state are the University of Education 
Maryland, St. Mary's College, and Baltimore College, in Baltimore ; 
and St. John's College, at Annapolis. There are several academies in the state, 
which receive $800 a year from the state treasury. A law in favor of primary 
schools was passed in 1825, and has been partially carried into effect in two or 
three of the counties. The state has a School Fund consisting of a sum ad- 
vanced by Maryland during the late war and paid by the national government, 
amounting to $75,000, together with a tax on bank capital of 20 cents on $100. 
The fund is at interest, and the amount received from the banks has also gen- 
erally been placed at interest, to the credit of the several counties ; but in some 
instances it has been expended for its proper object. The intention of the state 
was, that it should be used to pay teachers only ; and that the expense of build- 
ing school-houses, and other expenses, should be paid by a tax on property 
within the several school districts. 

The number of periodical presses in 1830 was 25. 

The Roman Catholics are the most numerous sect of Christians in Religiou8 
this state ; they have one archbishop, the metropolitan of the United denomina- 
States, and 30 or 40 churches ; the Methodists are numerous ; the tlons ' 
Episcopalians have 57 ministers; the Presbyterians, 11 ministers, 6 licentiates, 
and 1,058 communicants; the Baptists, 15 churches, 12 ministers, and 680 
communicants ; the German Reformed, 9 ministers ; and the Friends are con- 
siderably numerous. 

This country was granted by Charles I. to George Calvert, lord 
Baltimore, a Roman Catholic ; the first settlement was formed by his Hlstory * 
son Leonard Calvert, together with about 200 Catholics, in 1634 ; and it was 
named Maryland, from Henrietta Maria, the queen of Charles. 

The constitution of this state was formed in 1776 ; since which Conqtitution 
time many amendments have been made. The legislative power is and govern- 
vested in a senate, consisting of 15 members, and a house of dele- ment ' 
gates, consisting of 80 members ; and these two branches united are styled 
The General Assembly of Maryland. 

The members of the house of delegates, four from each county, are elected 
annually by the people, on the first Monday in October ; and the members of 
the senate are elected every fifth year on the third Monday in September, at 
Annapolis, by electors who are chosen by the people on the first Monday of the 
same month of September. These electors choose by ballot nine senators from 
the Western Shore, and six from the Eastern, who hold their office five years. 

The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected annually on the 
first Monday in January, by a joint ballot of both houses of the general assem- 
bly. No one can hold the office of governor more than three years succes- 
sively, nor be eligible as governor until the expiration of four years after he has 

M 



90 



MARYLAND. 



been out of that office. The governor is assisted by a council of five members, 
who are chosen annually by a joint ballot of the senate and house of delegates. 

The general assembly meets annually (at Annapolis) on the last Monday in 
December. The council of the governor is elected on the first Tuesday in Jan- 
uary ; the governor nominates to office, and the council appoints. 

The constitution grants the right of suffrage to every free white male citizen, 
above 21 years of age, having resided twelve months within the state, and six 
months in the county, or in the city of Annapolis or Baltimore, next preceding 
the election at which he offers to vote. 

The chancellor and judges are nominated by the governor, and appointed by 
the council ; and they hold their offices during good behavior. 

The executive council, consisting of five members, are elected annually on 
the first Tuesday in January ; and in case of the demise of the governor during 
his term of office, the first named of the council, for the time being, becomes 
the governor of the state, till the next meeting of the general assembly. In 
appointing officers under the state, the governor has the right of nomination, 
and the council the right of appointment. The governor does not possess the 
power of a veto on the acts of the general assembly. 

The house of delegates is composed of 80 members, elected annually, four 
from each of the 19 counties, and two from each of the cities of Annapolis and 
Baltimore. The senate consists of 15 members, elected for five years, by an 
electoral college of 40 members, two from each of the counties, and one from 
each of the cities of Annapolis and Baltimore. The electors are chosen on the 
first Monday in September every 5th year, and they elect the senators on the 
succeeding 3d Monday in September. 

One of the peculiarities of the declaration of rights of the state is the section 
which declares, " That every gift, sale, or devise of lands, to any minister, 
public teacher, or preacher of the gospel, as such, or to any religious sect, order, 
or denomination, or to or for the support, use, or benefit of, or in trust for, any 
minister, public teacher, or preacher of the gospel, as such, or any religious 
sect, order, or denomination ; and every gift or sale of goods or chattels to go 
in succession, or to take place after the death of the seller or donor, or to or for 
such support, use, or benefit, and also every devise of goods or chattels to or 
for the support, use, or benefit ot any minister, public teacher, or preacher of 
the gospel, as such, or any religious sect, order, or denomination, without the 
leave of the legislature, shall be void ; except always any sale, gift, lease, or 
devise, of any quantity of land not exceeding two acres for a church, meeting, 
or other house of worship and for a burying ground, which shall be improved, 
enjoyed, or used only for such purposes, or such sale, gift, lease, or devise 
shall be void." 

The governor's annual salary is $2,666f . 

This state sends eight representatives to congress. 



VIRGINIA. 91 



VIRGINIA. 




ARMS OF VIRGINIA. 



Virginia is bounded N. by Pennsylvania ; N. E. by Maryland ; E. by the 
Atlantic ; S. by North Carolina and Tennessee ; W. by Kentucky and Ohio. 
It lies between 36° 30' and 40° 43' N. lat. and between 6° 34' W. and 1° 20' 
E. long. It is 370 miles long, and contains about 64,000 square miles. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



Eastern District. 



Counties. 




Whites. 


Slaves. 


1 & 


1 Tola] Pop. 
1 lfcSO. 


Comity Towna. 


| Distance 
| from Richmond. 


Accomac 


e 


9,458 


4,654 


2,544 


19,656 


Accomac C. H. 


214 


Albemarle 


m 


10,455 


11,689 


484 


22,618 


Charlottesville 


81 


Amelia 


sm 


3,293 


7,518 


220 


11,031 


Amelia C. H. 


47 


Amherst 


m 


5,879 


5,927 


263 


12,072 


Amherst C. H. 


136 


Bedford 


s 


11,113 


8,790 


341 


20,253 


Liberty 


145 


Brunswick 


s 


5,397 


9,760 


612 


15,770 


Lawrenceville 


69 


Buckingham 


nm 


7,172 


10,928 


245 


18,351 


Buckingham C. H. 


87 


Campbell 


sm 


7,497 


7,735 


47:h 


15,704 
4,626 


Campbell C. H. 


132 


Lynchburg, town 


2,490 


1,751 


385 


Lynchburg 


120 


Caroline 


em 


6,490 


10,764 


520 


. 17,774 


Bowling Green 


44 


Charles City 


em 


1,782 


2,957 
9,433 


761 


5,504 


Charles City C. H. 


30 


Charlotte 


sm 


5,583 


236 


15,252 


Charlotte C. H. 


96 


Chesterfield 


em 


7,709 


10,337 


591 


18,637 


Chesterfield C. H. 


14 


Culpeper 


nm 


12,044 


11,419 


563 


24,026 


Culpeper C. II. 


94 


Cumberland 


m 


4,054 


7,309 


326 


11,689 


Cumberland C. H. 


55 


Dinwiddie 


sm 


7,709 


10,337 


591 


18,637 


Dinwiddie C. H. 


40 


Petersburg, 
Elizabeth City 


town 


3,440 


2,850 


2,032 


8,322 




22 
96 


se 


2,704 


2,218 


131 


5,068 


Hampton 


Essex 


e 


3,647 


6,417 


467 


10,531 


Tappahannock 


50 


Fairfax 


ne 


4,892 
13,116 


3,972 


311 


9,206 


Fairfax C. H. 


129 


Fauquier 


nm 


12,612 


621 


26,379 


Warrenton 


107 


Fluvanna 


m 


4,223 


3,795 


203 


8,221 


Palmyra 


59 


Franklin 


s 


9,728 


4,988 


195 


14,911 


Rocky Mount 


185 


Gloucester 


e 


4,314 
3,857 


5,691 


603 


10,608 


Gloucester C. H. 


82 


Goochland 


m 


5,706 


795 


10,358 


Goochland C. II. 


28 



92 



VIRGINIA. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS.— Continued. 



Eastern Distinct. — Continued. 



Counties. 




Whites. 




Free 
Blacks- 


Total Pop. 
Ib30. 


County Town 




Distance 
from Richmond 


Greenville 


s 


2,104 


4,681 




7,117 


Hicksford 




63 


Halifax 


s 


i o ai k 
12,915 


14,527 


oyu 


28,032 


Halifax C. H. 




130 


Hanover 


em 


6,526 


9,278 


449 


16,253 


Hanover C. H. 


20 


Henrico 


em 


5,717 


5,934 


1,089 


12,738 


| Richmond. 






Richmond, city 


7,757 


6,345 


1,960 


16,060 
7,100 






Henry 


s 


4,058 


2,868 


174 


Martinsville 




207 


Isle of Wight 


se 


5,023 


4,272 


1,222 


10,017 


Smithfield 




180 


James City 


e 


1,284 


1,983 


571 


3,838 


Williamsburg 
K'g &Q'n C. H. 


60 


King & Queen 


e 


4,714 
2,475 


6,514 


416 


11,644 


49 


King George 


ne 


3,635 


287 


6,397 
9,812 


King George C. H. 


88 


King William 


em 


3,155 


6,310 


347 


King William C.H. 


27 


Lancaster 


e 


1,976 


2,631 


195 


4,800 


Lancaster C. H. 


83 


Loudon 


ne 


15,517 


5j360 
9,382 


1,062 


21,938 


Leesburg 




153 


Louisa 


m 


6,468 


301 


16,151 


Louisa C. H. 




54 


Lunenburg 


s 


4,479 


7,233 


245 


11,957 


Lunenburg C 


.H. 


91 


Madison 


m 


4,389 


4,873 


71 


9,236 


Madison 




110 


Matthews 


e 


3,995 


3,481 


189 


7,663 


Matthews C. 


H. 


100 


Mecklenburg 


s 


7,443 


11,950 


874 


20,366 


Boydton 




118 


Middlesex 


e 


1,870 


2,137 


11Q 

Ho 


A 1 OQ 
4,122 


Urbanna 




83 


Nansemond 


se 


5,143 


4,943 


l,o9o 


11,784 


Suffolk 




102 


Nelson 


m 


5,186 
2,586 


5,946 


i no 

122 


11,251 


Lovington 




118 


New Kent 


em 


o,5o0 


o42 


0,4-0/ 


New Kent C. H. 


30 


Norfolk 


se 


8,180 


5,842 


966 


14,998 


) Portsmouth 


116 


Norfolk, borough 


5,131 


3,757 


y28 


9,816 


$ Norfolk 




112 


Northampton 


e 


3,573 


3,734 


l,oo4 
567 


O QA A 

8,o44 


Eastville 




174 


Northumberland 


e 


4,029 


3,357 


7,953 


Northum'd C. H. 


92 


Nottoway 


sm 


2,949 


6,985 
7,983 


223 


10,141 


Nottoway C. H. 


67 


Orange 


m 


6,456 


1 AO 

198 


14,637 


Orange 




80 


Patrick 


s 


5,494 


1,782 
10,992 


117 


ri OAO 

7,393 


Patrick C. H. 




241 


Pittsylvania 


s 


14,690 


340 


26,022 


Pittsylvania C. H. 


167 


Powhatan 


m 


2,661 


5,472 


384 


8,517 


Scotsville 




32 


Prince Edward 


sm 


5,039 


8,593 


47o 


14,107 


Prince Edw. C. H. 


75 


Prince George 


em 


3,0oo 


4,oy8 


700 


o,ooo 


City Point 




34 


Prince William 


ne 


5,127 


3,842 


OCT 


9,330 


Brentsville 




104 


Princess Anne 


se 


5,023 


3,736 


O/t o 

343 


9,102 


Princess Anne C. H. 


137 


Richmond 


e 


2,975 


2,630 


4ol 


6,056 


Richmond C. H. 


56 


Southampton 


se 


0,0/ O 


7 7^ 


1 745 

310 
384 




Jerusalem 






Spottsylvania em 
Fred'ksburgr, town 


4,685 
1,798 


6,925 
1,125 


11,920 
3,307 


I Fredericksburg. 


66 


Stafford 


ne 


4,713 


4,164 


485 


9,362 


Stafford C. H. 


76 


Surrey 


se 


2,865 


3,377 


866 
866 


7,108 


Surrey C. H. 




60 


Sussex 


se 


4,118 


7,736 


12,720 


Sussex C. H. 




50 


Warwick 


se 


619 


892 


27 


1,570 


Warwick C. H. 


81 


Westmoreland 


e 


3,718 


3,845 


848 


8,411 


Westmoreland C. H. 


70 


York 


e 


2,129 


2,598 


627 


5,354 


Yorktown 




72 


65 Total of E.Dist. 


375,940 


416,259 


40,780 


832,979 









Western District. 



Alleghany 
Augusta, North 
Augusta, South 
Bath 
Berkeley 
Botetourt 
Brooke 
Cabell 

Frederick, East 
Frederick, West 
Giles 



m 


2,197 


571 


48 


2,816 


m 


7,208 


1,677 


257 


9,142 
10,783 


m 


8,048 


2,588 


147 


m 


2,803 


1,140 


65 


4,008 


n 


8,323 


1,919 


276 


10,528 


sm 


11,808 


4,170 


386 


16,354 


nw 


6,774 


227 


39 


7,040 


w 


5,267 


561 


56 


5,884 
14,099 


n 


8,104 


5,342 


653 


n 


9,260 


2,088 


598 


11,946 


w 


4,779 


470 


49 


5,298 



Covington 

^ Staunton. 

Bath C. H. 
Martinsburg 
Fincastle 
Wellsburg 
Cabell C. H. 

| Winchester 

Giles C. H. 



VIRGINIA. 



93 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. — Continued. 



Western District. — Continued. 







Whites. 


Slaves 
Slaves. 


Free 
Blacks. 


Total Fop. 
1630. 


- c ° unty TownB ' 1 


Distance 
From Richmond. 


Grayson 


s 


7,161 


462 


52 


7,675 


Grayson C. H. 


276 


Greenbrier 


wm 


7,791 


1,159 


65 


9,015 


Lewisburg 


221 


Harrison, E. 
Harrison, W. 


nw 
nw 


Q A A Q 

4,404 


K)Z\} 

145 


OU 

10 


10,119 

4,558 


v Clarksburg 


260 


Hampshire 


n 


9,79b 


T OOA 

1,330 


loo 


11,2/9 


Romney 


195 


Hardy 


n 


5,408 


1,167 


223 


6,798 


Moornelds 


195 


Jefferson 


n 


8,438 


3,999 


493 


12,927 


Charleston 


182 


Kenhawa 


w 




1 "71 S3 
1, / ICS 


•7^ 


Q OA! 


ivennawa \j. Jti» 


oUo 


T 

Lee 


sw 


C QQA 

0,ooU 


K)LZ 


iy 


6,461 


Jonesville 


QQO 
OMZ 


Lewis 


wm 


6,066 


162 


13 


6,241 


Weston 


249 


Logan 


w 


3,511 


loo 


0 


3,680 
6,688 
7,368 


.Logan C H. 


324 


Monongalia, E. 
Monongalia, W. 


n 
n 


6,352 
7,223 


233 
129 


103 
16 


> Morgantown 

s . 


293 


Mason 


w 


5,776 


713 


45 


6,534 


Point Pleasant 


371 


Monroe 


wm 


iy aoo 
7,Udo 


Do* 


QQ 
OO 


7,/ 98 


Union 


OAO 

208 


Montgomery 


sw 


10,212 


2,037 


OO 


12,304 


bnristiansburg 


20o 


Morgan 


n 


2,517 


lOo 


zz 


O £!AO 

2,o92 
3,349 


Berkeley Springs 


loo 


Nicholas 


wm 


3,229 


119 


1 


-Nicholas 0. H. 


268 


Ohio 


nw 


15,033 


362 


195 


15,590 


Wheeling 


357 


Pendleton 


nm 


5,750 


498 


23 


6,271 


Franklin 


171 


Pocahontas 


wm 


2,297 


22/ 


17 


2,541 


Hunter sville 


191 


Preston 


n 


4,947 


1 OK 

120 


27 


5,099 


Ringwood 


261 


Randolph 


nm 


4,426 


Zo\) 


115 


5,000 


Beverly 


Ol A 

210 


Rockbridge 


m 


1 A /ICS 

10,4oo 


t),oyc 


ool 


14,244 


Lexington 


100 


Rockingham 


7n 


17,814 
6,002 


Z,ool 


04o 


oa eno 

20,b9o 


Harrisonburg 


1 OO 

IZZ 




sw 


679 


36 


6,717 


Lebanon 


330 


Scott 


sw 


5^319 


338 


15 


5,702 


Estillville 


368 


Shenandoah, E. 
Shenandoah, W. 


nm 


7,171 

9,698 


992 
1,431 


164 

294 


8,327 
11,423 


> Woodstock 


156 


Tazewell 


sw 


4,912 


820 


18 


4,104 


Tazewell C. H. 


290 


Tyler 


nw 


3,991 


108 


5 


5,750 


Middlebourne 


307 


Washington 


sw 


12,785 


2,568 


261 


15,614 


Abington 


309 


Wood 


w 


5,487 


873 


49 


6,409 


Parkersburg 


299 


Wythe 


sw 


9,952 


2,094 


117 


12,163 


Wythe 


253 


45 Total W. Dist. 


318,505 


53,465 


6,323 


378,293 






110 Total of Virg. 


694,445 


469,724 


47,103 


1,211,272 







Population. 

In 1790, 747,610 

1800, 880,200 

1810, 974,622 

1820, 1,065,366 

1830, 1,211,272 



Population at different Periods. 

Increase from 1790 to 1800, 132,590 

1800 1810, 94,422 

1810 1820, 90,744 

1820 1830, 145,906 



Slaves. 

292,627 
346,968 
392,518 
425,153 
469,724 



The principal rivers are the Potomac, Shenandoah, Rappahannock, Matta- 
pony, Pamunky, York, James, Rivanna, Appomatox, Elizabeth, Nottaway, 
Meherrin, Staunton, Kenhawa, Ohio, Sandy, Monongahela, and Cheat. 




PROFILE VIEW OF THE DISMAL SWAMP CANAL. 

The Dismal Swamp Canal, 22 miles long, opens a communication between 
Norfolk, in Virginia, and Elizabeth City, in North Carolina. 



94 



VIRGINIA. 



The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, which is to extend from the city of Wash- 
ington to the river Ohio, is now in progress. Its course is partly on the Vir- 
ginia, and partly on the Maryland side of the Potomac. 

The staple productions of Virginia are wheat and tobacco. The exports of 
the state, for the year ending September 30, 1829, amounted to $3,787,000. 

The state of Virginia may be divided into four zones, essentially differing 
from one another. The first extending from the sea-coast to the termination of 
tide at Fredericksburg, Richmond, &c, is low and flat, sometimes fenny, 
sometimes sandy, and on the margin of rivers composed of a rich loam covered 
with a luxuriant and even rank vegetation. This part is unhealthy in the 
months of August, September, and October. 

The next division extends from the head of tide- water to the Blue Ridge. The 
surface near the tide-water is level ; higher up the rivers it becomes swelling ; 
and near the mountains it is often abrupt and broken. The soil is divided into sec- 
tions of very unequal quality, parallel to each other, and extending throughout 
.the state. The parallel of Chesterfield, Henrico, Hanover, &c. is a thin, sandy, 
and, except on the rivers, an unproductive soil. That of Goochland, Cumber- 
land, Prince Edward, Halifax, &c, is generally fertile. Fluvanna, Bucking- 
ham, Campbell, Pittsylvania, again, are poor ; and Culpeper, Orange, Albe- 
marle, Bedford, &c, a rich, though frequently a stony, broken soil, on a sub- 
stratum of tenacious and red-colored clay. The population of this section, 
especially near the mountains, is more robust and healthy than that of any 
other part of the state. The scenery of the upper part is highly picturesque 
and romantic. There is a vein of lime-stone running through Albemarle, 
Orange, &c. Pit coal of a good quality is found within 20 miles above Rich- 
mond, on James river. 

The third division is the valley between the Blue Ridge, and North and Alle- 
ghany mountains ; a valley which extends, with little interruption, from the 
Potomac, across the state, to North Carolina and Tennessee, narrower, but of 
greater length than either the preceding divisions. The soil is a mould formed 
on a bed of lime-stone. The surface of the valley is sometimes broken by 
sharp and solitary mountains detached from the general chain, the sides of 
which, nearly bare, or but thinly covered with blasted pines, form disagreeable 
objects in the landscape. The bed of the valley is fertile, producing good crops 
of Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, hemp, flax, timothy, and clover. 
The farms are smaller than in the lower parts of Virginia, and the cultivation 
is better. Here are few slaves. This valley has inexhaustible mines of excel- 
lent iron ore. Chalk is found in Botetourt county. 

The fourth division extends from the Alleghany mountains to the river Ohio ; 
a country wild and broken, in some parts fertile, but generally lean or barren 
but having mines of iron, lead, coal, salt, &c. — The soil of a great proportion 
of the county of Randolph and the adjacent counties in the north-west part of 
the state, is of an excellent quality, producing large crops of grain. The sur- 
face is uneven and hilly. The county is well watered, is excellent for grazing, 
and has a very healthy climate. 

There are many mineral springs in Virginia. The hot and warm springs 
of Bath county, the sweet springs of Monroe county, the sulphur springs of 
Greenbrier and of Montgomery counties, and the baths of Berkeley county, are 
much frequented. The most remarkable curiosities are the Natural Bridge, 
the passage of the Potomac at Harper's Ferry, the cataract of Falling Spring, 
and several caves. 

Gold Mines Since the year 1827, the gold mines of Virginia have attracted 
" considerable attention. The belt of country in which they are found 
extends through Spotsylvania and some neighboring counties. The gold region 
abounds in quartz, which contains cubes of sulphuret of iron. These cubes are 
often partly or totally decomposed ; and the cells thus created are sometimes 



VIRGINIA. 



95 



filled with gold. The gold is found on the surface, and in the structure of quartz ; 
but in greatest abundance resting upon slate, and in its fissures. The gold is 
diffused over large surfaces, and has not yet been found sufficiently in mass, 
except in a few places, to make mining profitable. The method of obtaining 
the metal is by filtration, or washing the earth, and by an amalgam of quick- 
silver. The average value of the earth yielding gold is stated at 20 cents a 
bushel. The amount received from this state at the United States' mint in 1830 
was $24,000. 

The number of cotton manufactories in this state in 1832 was seven, with an 
aggregate capital of 290,000 dollars, making annually 675,000 yards of cloth. 

The Natural Bridge, the must sublime of nature's works, is on the ascent of 
a hill, which seems to have been cloven through its length by some great con- 
vulsion. The fissure, just at the bridge, is by some admeasurements 270 feet 
deep, by others only 205. It is about 45 feet wide at the bottom, and 90 feet 
it the top — this of course determines the length of the bridge, and its height 
rom the water. The breadth in the middle is about 60 feet, but more at the 
ends, and the thickness of the mass at the summit of the arch, about 40 feet. 
A part of this thickness is constituted by a coat of earth, which gives growth 
to many large trees. The residue, with the hill on both sides, is one solid rock 
of lime-stone. 

The arch approaches the semi -elliptical form, but the larger axis of the 
ellipsis, which would be the cord of the arch, is many times longer than the 
transverse. Though the sides of this bridge are provided, in some parts, with 
a parapet of fixed rocks, yet few men have resolution to walk to them and look 
over into the abyss. You involuntarily fall on your hands and feet, creep to 
the parapet, and peep over it. 

If the view from the top be painful and intolerable, that from below is delight- 
ful in an equal extreme. It is impossible for the emotions arising out of the 
sublime to be felt beyond what they are here ; so beautiful an arch, so elevated, 
so light, and springing, as it were, up to heaven, the rapture of the spectacle is 
really indescribable. 

" The fissure continuing narrow, deep, and straight for a considerable dis- 
tance above and below the bridge, opens a short but very pleasing view of the 
North Mountain on one side, and the Blue Ridge on the other, at the distance, 
each of them, of about five miles. This bridge is in the county of Rockbridge, 
to which it has given name ; and affords a public and commodious passage 
over a valley, which cannot be crossed elsewhere for a considerable distance. 
The stream passing under it, is called Cedar creek. It is a tributary of James 5 
river, and sufficient in the driest season to turn a grist-mill, though its fountain 
is not more than two miles above. 

The following account is from another source : "As we stood under this 
beautiful arch, we saw the place where visitors have often taken the pains to 
engrave their names upon the rock. Here Washington climbed up 25 feet and 
carved his own name, where it still remains. Some wishing to immortalize 
their names, have engraved them deep and large, while others have tried to 
climb up and insert them high in this book of fame. 

" A few years since, a young man, being ambitious to place his name above 
all others, came very near losing his life in the attempt. After much fatigue 
he climbed up as high as possible, but found that the person who had before 
occupied his place was taller than himself, and consequently had placed his 
name above his reach. But he was not thus to be discouraged. He opened a 
large jack-knife, and in the soft lime-stone began to cut places for his hands and 
feet. With much patience and industry he worked his way upwards, and suc- 
ceeded in carving his name higher than the most ambitious had done before 
him. 

" He could now triumph, but his triumph was short, for he was placed in 



96 



VIRGINIA. 



such a situation that it was impossible to descend unless he fell upon the ragged 
rocks beneath him. There was no house near, from which his companions 
could get assistance. He could not remain in that condition, and, what was 
worse, his friends were too much frightened to do any thing for his relief. They 
looked upon him as already dead, expecting every moment to see him precipi- 
tated upon the rocks below, and dashed to pieces. Not so with himself. He 
determined to ascend. Accordingly he plied himself with his knife, cutting 
places for his hands and feet, and gradually ascended with incredible labor. He 
exerted every muscle. His life was at stake, and all the terrors of death arose 
before him. He dared not look downwards lest his head should become dizzy, 
and perhaps on this circumstance his life depended. 

" His companions stood at the top of the rock exhorting and encouraging 
him. His strength was almost exhausted ; but a bare possibility of saving his 
life still remained, and hope, the last friend of the distressed, had not yet for- 
saken him. His course upwards was rather oblique than perpendicular. His 
most critical moment had now arrived. He had ascended considerably more 
than 200 feet, and had still further to rise, when he felt himself fast growing 
weak. He now made his last effort, and succeeded. He had cut his way not 
far from 250 feet from the water, in a course almost perpendicular ; and in a 
little less than two hours, his anxious companions reached him a pole from the 
top, and drew him up. They received him with shouts of joy ; but he himself 
was completely exhausted. He immediately fainted away on reaching the spot, 
and it was some time before he could be recovered ! 

" It was interesting to see the path up these awful rocks, and to follow in 
imagination this bold youth as he thus saved his life. His name stands far 
above all the rest, a monument of hardihood, of rashness, and of folly." 

The passage of the Potomac through the Blue Ridge, says Mr. Jefferson, is 
perhaps one of the most stupendous scenes in nature. You stand on a very 
high point of land. On your right comes the Shenandoah, having ranged 
along the foot of the mountain a hundred miles to seek a vent. On your left 
approaches the Potomac in quest of a passage also. In the moment of their 
junction they rush together against the mountain, rend it asunder, and pass off 
to the sea. 

The first glance of this scene hurries our senses into the opinion that the 
mountains were formed first ; that the rivers began to flow afterwards ; that 
in this place particularly they have been dammed up by the Blue Ridge, and 
have formed an ocean which filled the whole valley ; that, continuing to rise, 
they have at length broken over at this spot, and have torn the mountain down 
from its summit to its base. The piles of rock on each side, but particularly 
on the Shenandoah, the evident marks of their disrupture and avulsion from 
their beds by the most powerful agents of nature corroborate the impression. 

But the distant finishing which nature has given to the picture is of a very 
different character. It is a true contrast to the foreground. It is as placid and 
delightful as that is wild and tremendous. For the mountain being cloven 
asunder, she presents to your eye, through the cleft, a small catch of smooth 
blue horizon, at an infinite distance in the plain country, inviting you, as it 
were, from the riot and tumult roaring around, to pass through the breach, and 
participate the calm below. 

Here the eye ultimately composes itself, and that way too the road happens 
to lead. You cross the Potomac above the junction, pass along its side through 
the base of the mountain for three miles, its terrible precipices hanging in frag- 
ments over you, and within about 20 miles reach Fredericktown, and the fine 
country around. This scene is worth a voyage across the Atlantic. Yet here, 
as in the neighborhood of the Natural Bridge, are people who have passed their 
lives within a half dozen miles, and have never been to survey these monu- 



VIRGINIA. 



97 



rnents of a war between rivers and mountains, which must have shaken the 
earth itself to its centre. 

In the lime-stone country of Virginia there are several caves of considerable 
extent. The most remarkable one is Wier's Cave, which is on the north side of 
the Blue Ridge, and on the south fork of the Shenandoah. It is in a hill, which is 
about 200 feet in perpendicular height, and so steep that you may pitch a bis- 
cuit from its summit into the river which washes its base. It was discovered 
in 1804. Its entrance is only about 100 yards from that of Madison's Cave, 
another celebrated cavern, which, though it has been much longer known, is 
greatly inferior to Wier's Cave. The following is an account of a visit to this 
extraordinary place. 

There were three of us, besides our guide, with lighted torches, and our loins 
girded, now ready to descend into the cave. We took our lights in our left 
hands, and entered. The mouth was so small, that we could descend only by 
creeping one after another. A descent of almost 20 yards brought us into the 
first room. The cave was cold, dark, and silent. In this manner we proceeded, 
now descending 30 or 40 feet — now ascending as high — now creeping on our 
hands and knees, and now walking in large rooms, the habitations of solitude. 

The mountain seems to be composed almost wholly of lime-stone, and, by 
this means, the cave is lined throughout with the most beautiful incrustations 
and stalactites of carbonated lime, which are formed by the continual dripping 
of the water. These stalactites are of various and elegant shapes and colors, 
often bearing a striking resemblance to animated nature. At one place we saw 
over our heads what appeared to be a waterfall of the most delightful kind, 
descending 12 or 15 feet. Nor could the imagination be easily persuaded that 
it was not in reality a waterfall. You could see the water dashing and boiling 
down, with its white spray and foam, but it was all solid, carbonated lime-stone. 

Thus we passed on in this world of solitude ; now stopping to admire the 
beauties of a single stalactite ; now wondering at the magnificence of a large 
room ; now creeping through narrow passages, hardly wide enough to admit 
the body of a man ; and now walking in superb galleries, until we came to the 
largest room, called Washington Hall. This is certainly the most elegant room 
I ever saw. It is about 270 feet in length, about 35 in width, and between 30 
and 40 feet high. The roof and sides are very beautifully adorned by- the tin- 
sels which nature has bestowed in the greatest profusion, and which sparkle 
ike the diamond, while surveyed by the light of torches. The floor is flat, 
smooth, and solid. 

I was foremost of our little party in entering this room, and was not a little 
startled on approaching the centre, and by my small light seeing a figure as it 
were rising up before me, out of solid rock. It was not far from seven feet 
high, and corresponded in every respect to the common idea of a ghost. It 
was very white, and resembled a tall man clothed in a shroud. I went up to 
it sideways, though I could not really expect to meet a ghost in a place like this. 
On examination, I found it was a very beautiful piece of the carbonate of lime, 
very transparent, and very much in the shape of a man. This is called Wash- 
ington's Statue. 

In one room we found an excellent spring of water, which boiled up, slaked 
our thirst, sunk again into the mountain, and was seen no more. In another 
room was a noble pillar, called the Tower of Babel. It is composed entirely 
of stalactites of lime, or, as its appearance would seem to suggest, of petrified 
water. It is about 30 feet in diameter, and a little more than 90 in circumfer- 
ence, and about 30 high. It would appear as if there must be many millions 
of stalactites in this one pillar. 

Thus we wandered in this world within a world till we had visited 12 very 
beautiful rooms, and as many creeping places, and had now arrived at the end, 
a distance from our entrance of between 2,400 and 2,500 feet, or about half a 

N 



98 VIRGINIA. 

mile. We here found ourselves exceedingly fatigued ; but our torches forbade 
our delay, and we once more turned our lingering steps towards the common 
world. When arrived again at Washington Hall, one of the company three 
times discharged a pistol, whose report was truly deafening. It was as loud as 
any cannon I ever heard, and as its sound reverberated and echoed through 
one room after another, till it died away in distance, it seemed like the moan- 
ings of spirits. We continued our wandering steps till we arrived once more 
at daylight, having been nearly three hours in the cavern. 
Banks in Bank of Virginia (incorporated 1804,) at Richmond, with branches 
183 °- at Petersburg, Norfolk, Fredericksburg, and Lynchburg ; Farmers' 
Bank of Virginia (incorporated 1813,) at Richmond, with branches at Norfolk, 
Petersburg, Fredericksburg, Lynchburg, Winchester, and Danville; Bank 
of the Valley, at Winchester, with branches at Romney, Charlestown, and 
Leesburg ; North-western Bank, at Wheeling. The aggregate amount of bank 
capital is $5,607,000. The Bank of the United States has an office of dis- 
count and deposit at Richmond and Norfolk. 

Literature Besides the University of Virginia, incorporated in 1819, and estab- 
' lished at Charlottesville, Albemarle county, there are three colleges 
in this state ; William and Mary college, at Williamsburg ; Hampden Sidney 
college, in Prince Edward county, on Appomatox river ; and Washington col- 
lege at Lexington, west of the Blue Ridge, near James river. Academies and 
common schools are also established in several towns. This state has pro- 
duced a number of eminent characters, of whom Washington, the Great and 
the Good, is of most illustrious memory. It has furnished four of the presi- 
dents of the Union. Education is, however, generally much neglected, particu- 
larly among the lower classes. This state has a Literary Fund, created in 1809, 
and amounting, in available capital, according to a late report, to $1,510,689 71. 
The income during the year 1830 was $71,887 94. All escheats, confisca- 
tions, and derelict property ; also all lands forfeited for the non-payment of 
taxes, and all sums refunded by the national government for the expenses of 
the late war, have been appropriated to the encouragement of learning. Of 
the interest of the fund, $15,000 are annually appropriated to the University 
of Virginia, and $45,000 to the education of the poor in the different counties, 
according to the ratio of white population. 

internal im- The state has a permanent fund devoted to the purposes of interna] 
provement. improvement of $1,418,961 11 ; and a disposable fund of $681,630 ; 
total $2,100,591 11 ; [of this about $475,000 is at present unproductive.] 
Annual income from both funds, $121,836 75. This fund is managed by 13 
directors, styled the Board of Public Works, 10 of whom are chosen annually 
by the legislature, 3 from the Trans-Alleghany District, 2 from the Valley Dis- 
trict, 3 from the Middle District, and 2 from the Tide- Water District. The 
governor, treasurer, and first auditor of the state, are, ex officio, members. In 
all canals and roads authorized by the state, this fund contributes three-fifths 
of the stock. The Board meets annually on the first Monday in January, and 
the members are paid $4 a day, and 20 cents a mile for travel. 
The number of periodical papers in 1831 was estimated at 45. 
Reli The Baptists in this state have 337 churches, 192 ministers, and 

aenomina- 39,440 communicants; the Methodists, 77 preachers and 27,947 
tions, 1831. members; the Presbyterians, 104 churches, 75 ministers, 15 licenti- 
ates, and 7,508 communicants ; the Episcopalians, 45 ministers ; the Friends 
are considerably numerous, and there are some Lutherans, Roman Catholics, 
and Jews. 

The first permanent English settlement formed in America was 
1S ° ry ' made, in 1607, by 105 adventurers, on James river, in this state, at 
a place named Jamestown, in honor of James I. of England. Several unsuc- 
cessful attempts had been made in the latter part of the preceding century 



VIRGINIA. 



99 



during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, in honor of whom the country was named 
Virginia ; which name, though now limited to a single state, at the time of the 
settlement was applied to all the country in America lying between lat. 34° 
and 45° N. The early history of the colony is replete with interesting and 
affecting incidents, occasioned by dangers and calamities ; by sickness, want, 
and contests with the Indians. 

By this constitution the legislative power is vested in a senate and 
a house of delegates, which are together styled The General Assem- theConstitu- 
bly of Virginia. The house of delegates consists of 134 members, ^n^amend 
chosen annually ; 31 from the 26 counties west of the Alleghany 
mountains; 25 from the 14 counties between the Alleghany mountains and 
Blue Ridge ; 42 from the 29 counties east of the Blue Ridge, and above tide- 
water ; and 36 from the counties, cities, towns, and boroughs tying upon tide- 
water. The senate consists of 32 members, 13 from the counties west of the 
Blue Ridge, and 19 from the counties, cities, towns, and boroughs east thereof. 
The senators are elected for four years ; and the seats of one-fourth of them 
are vacated every year. In all elections to any office or place of trust, honor, 
or profit, the votes are given openly, or viva voce, and not by ballot. 

A reapportionment for representatives in both houses, is to take place every 
ten years, commencing in 1841, until which time there is to be no change in 
the number of delegates and senators from the several divisions ; and after 1841, 
the number of delegates is never to exceed 150 ; nor that of the senators, 36. 

The executive power is vested in a governor elected by the joint vote of the 
two houses of the general assembly. He holds his office three years, com- 
mencing on the 1st of January next succeeding his election, or on such other 
day as may be, from time to time, prescribed by law ; and he is ineligible for 
the three years next after the expiration of his term of office. 

There is a council of state, consisting of three members elected for three 
years, by the joint vote of the two houses ; the seat of one being vacated an- 
nually. The senior counsellor is lieutenant-governor. 

. The judges of the supreme court of appeals and of the superior courts are 
elected by a joint vote of both houses of the general assembly, and hold their 
offices during good behavior, or until removed by a concurrent vote of both 
houses ; but two-thirds of the members present must concur in such a vote, and 
the cause of removal be entered on the journals of each house. 

The right of suffrage is extended to every white male citizen of the common- 
wealth, resident therein, aged 21 years and upwards, who is qualified to exer- 
cise the right of suffrage according to the former constitution and laws ; — or 
who owns a freehold of the value of $25 ; or who has a joint interest to the 
amount of 825 in a freehold ; — or who has a life estate in, or reversionary title 
to, land of the value of $50, having been so possessed for six months ; or 
who shall own and be in the actual occupation of a leasehold estate, having the 
title recorded two months before he shall offer to vote — of a term originally not 
less than five years, and of the annual value or rent of $200 ; — or who, for 
twelve months before offering to vote, has been a house-keeper and head of a 
family, and shall have been assessed with a part of the revenue of the com- 
monwealth within the preceding year, and actually paid the same. 

It was enacted by the legislature, that the state elections for the year 1831 
should be held in the month of August, on the respective court days in the dif- 
ferent counties, and for all future years, in the month of April ; that the elec- 
tion for members of congress should be held in 1830, in August, and, after- 
wards, every second year, in April ; that the election of electors of president 
and vice-president of the United States should be held every fourth year on the 
1st Monday in November ; that the legislature should meet hereafter on the 1st 
Monday in December • that the term of the office of governor should commence 
on the 31st of March ; that the lieutenant-governor, while acting as governor, 



100 NORTH CAROLINA. 

should receive the same compensation as the governor ; and that the salaries 
of the officers of the executive department should remain the same as heretofore. 

The governor's annual salary is $3,333|. 

This state sends 21 representatives to congress. 



NORTH CAROLINA. 




ARMS OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



North Carolina is bounded N. by Virginia; E. by the Atlantic; S. by 
South Carolina and Georgia, and W. by Tennessee. It extends from lat. 33° 
50' to 36° 30' N. and from long. 6° 20' W. to 1° 33' E. and contains 48,000 
square miles. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



Counties. 


Pop. 1820. 


Pop. 1830. 


County Towns. 


Dist. from 
Kaloi<rh. 


Anson 


s 


12,534 


14,081 


Wadesborough 


134 


Ashe 


nw 


4,335 


6,991 


Jeffersonton 


205 


Beaufort 


e 


9,850 


10,949 


Washington 


122 


Bertie 


em 


10,805 


12,276 


Windsor 


130 


Bladen 


s 


7,276 


7,801 


Elizabethtown 


99 


Brunswick 


s 


5,480 


6,523 


Smithville 


178 


Buncombe 


w 


10,542 


16,259 


Ashville 


259 


Burke 


w 


13,412 


17,727 


Morgantown 


199 


Cabarras 


wm 


7,248 


8,796 


Concord 


141 


Camden 


ne 


6,347 


6,721 


New Lebanon 


201 


Carteret 


€ 


5,609 


6,607 


Beaufort 


166 


Caswell 


n 


13,253 


15,188 


Caswell C. H. 


93 


Chatham 


m 


12,661 


15,499 


Pittsborough 


33 


Chowan 


ne 


6,464 


6,688 


Edenton 


155 


Columbus 


s 


3,912 


4,141 


Whitesvilie 


138 


Craven 


e 


13,394 


14,325 


Newbern 


120 


Cumberland 


m 


14,446 


14,824 


Fayetteville 


61 


Currituck 


ne 


8,098 


7,654 


Currituck 


211 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



101 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. — Continued. 



Counties. 


Pop. 1820. 


Pop. 1830. 


County Towns 


Dist. from 
Raleigh. 


Davidson 


wm 




13,421 


T iPYin rrton 

XJV--V11J LUH 


1 1 0 

XXV 


Duplin 


sm 


Q 744 


11,373 


PCpnaTi s;villp 


1 20 


Edgecombe 


m 


1 3 270 


14,933 


X Cll UUlVJUgil 


72 


Franklin 


nm 


Q 741 

C, 1 <±X 


1 0 005 


T .oiuqKiitcp 

1 1 Ui-UO L/ Lll ^ 


30 


Gates 


ne 


6,837 


7,866 


Gates C. H. 


241 


Granville 


n 


1 ft 999 


1 Q .943 


Oxford 


47 


Greene 


m 


4,533 


6,313 


Snow Hill 


84 


Guilford 


wm 


1 4 511 


18 735 


1 L AvllO UU1 wLlwH 


85 


Halifax 


n 


1 7 297 


17 73ft 


Halifax 

-L JX1111GL.A. 


86 


Haywood 


w 


4 07 9 


4 5Q.3 


Havwnod O. H. 

1 XCt V VV VJ VX V>« lit 


295 


Hertford 


ne 


7 712 


8,541 


Winton 


129 


Hyde 


e 


4^967 


6,177 


Lake Landing 


207 


lradell 


w 


1 3 071 
x o,u < X 


15 262 


States vi lie 

KJ U (X &V> O V lllw 


146 


Johnston 


m 


Q 007 

C,vJU I 


1 0 038 


Smithfield 

KJilliLllllV>HX 


27 


Jones 


se 


5 91 0 


5 628 


TVpnton 


140 


Lenoir 


m 


0 7QQ 


7,635 


Kingston 


80 


Lincoln 


sw 


1 ft 1 47 


99 095 


T ■inpoiTitrvn 

LilllV_ Will LUii 


169 


Macon 


w 


5 390 


Prank I in 

X 1 CtillVllll 


333 


Martin 


eiv 


fi 990 


8 544 


Williamston 


106 


Mecklenburg 


sw 


16,895 


20,076 


Charlotte 


150 


Montgomery 


wm 


ft 009 


1 0 Ql ft 

X V,i7X o 


T i?\ wi'PTippvi 1 1 e 

1 iCl VV 1 V 1 1 V. V^ V i 1 1 v_> 


109 


Moore 


m 


7 1 9ft 


7 753 


C]u vtha crp 

V ' VV ± LUClgVv 


69 


Nash 


m 


8,185 


8,492 


Nashville 


44 


New Hanovei 


se 


10 866 


10,759 


Wilmington 


149 


Northampton 


n 


13,242 


13,103 


Northamp. C.H. 


95 


Onslow 


se 


7,016 


7,814 


Onslow C. H. 


188 


Orange 


m 


23,492 


23,875 


Hillsborough 


41 


Pasquotank 


ne 


ft 00ft 


8 616 


Elizabeth City 


189 


Perquimans 


ne 


fi ft57 


7 41 7 


Hertford 

XXVI 1 1 V 1 VI 


282 


Person 


n 


Q 09Q 


1 0 097 


R oy horoncyh 

X U\J± V_/ Ll^ll 


60 


Pitt 


em 


1 0 001 


19 1 74 

1*£,1 / -± 


O vppn villp 

v,* i wii v iiiv_/ 


97 


Randolph 


wm 


11,331 


12,400 


Ashborough 


72 


Richmond 


s 


7 537 


9,326 


Rockingham 


113 


Robeson 


s 


ft 904 


Q 9t5 


T /iimbprfnn 

1 i Lllll UV- 1 LvJll 


94 


Rockingham 


n 


1 1 474 


1 9 Q20 


Went w o rt h 


108 


Rowan 


wm 


20 00Q 


90 7Q0 


Srilisbn rv 


118 


Rutherford 


sw 


X fJ , O <J X 


17 557 


Ruth pr ford ton 


223 


Sampson 


m 


ft QOft 


1 1 7fift 

XX,/ DO 


CI mtnn 

VyllllLUlJ. 


96 


Stokes 


nw 


1 4 099 


1 0 1 QO 
x o,x yo 


Salem 


127 


Surrey 


nw 


1 9 990 


1 4 ^01 


R nr* Irfrivrl 

1 VVJ V_, r\ 1 V 11 V I 


151 


Tyrrell 


e 


4,319 


4,732 


Columbia 


170 


Wake 


m 


20,102 


20,417 


Raleigh 




Warren 


n 


11,004 


10,916 


Warrenton 


57 


Washington 


e 


3,986 


4,562 


Plymouth 


128 


Wayne 


m 


9,040 


10,902 


Waynesboro' 


51 


Wilkes 


nw 


9,967 


11,942 


Wilkesborough 


175 


64 Total 


638,829 


738,470- 


-246,462 are slaves. 



Population. 

In 1790, 393,951 
1800, 478,103 
1810, 555,500 
1820, 638,829 
1830, 738,470 



POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. 

Increase from 1790 to 1800, 84,152 

1800 1810, 77,397 

1810 1820, 83,329 

1820 1830, 99,641 



Slaves. 

100,571 
133,296 
168,824 
205,017 



102 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



Along the whole coast of North Carolina is a ridge of sand, separated from 
the main land, in some places by narrow sounds, in others by broad bays. 
The passages or inlets through it are shallow and dangerous, and Ocracoke 
inlet is the only one north of Cape Fear, through which vessels pass. In the 
counties on the sea-coast, the land is low, and covered with extensive swamps 
and marshes, and for 60 or 80 miles from the shore is a dead level. Beyond 
this, the country swells into hills, and in the most western part rises into moun- 
tains. Coal has lately been found in Chatham county, and lead ore a few miles 
north of Raleigh. The principal rivers are the Chowan, Roanoke, Pamlico 
Neuse, Cape Fear, Yadkin, Catawba, and Broad. Most of the produce of 
North Carolina is exported from the neighboring states. Not a single point 
has yet been found on the coast, within the limits of the state, at which a safe 
and commodious port could be established. Hitherto the productions of the 
northern parts of the state, lying on the Roanoke and its branches, and also on 
the upper parts of the Tar and Neuse, have been sent to the markets of Virginia ; 
and the trade of Broad river, the Catawba, and the Yadkin, has gone to South 
Carolina. The principal exports are pitch, tar, turpentine, lumber, rice, cotton, 
tobacco, wheat and Indian corn. The value of the exports from the ports of 
North Carolina in 1829 was only $564,000. 

In the level parts the soil generally is but indifferent. On the banks of some 
of the rivers, however, and particularly the Roanoke, it is remarkably fertile ; 
and in other parts, glades of rich swamp, and ridges of oak-land, of a black 
and fruitful soil, form an exception to its general sterility. The sea-coast, the 
sounds, inlets, and lower parts of rivers, have invariably a soft muddy bottom. 
That part of the state which lies west of the mountains, is, for the most part, 
remarkably fertile, and abounds with oak trees of various kinds, walnut, elm, 
line, and cherry trees ; the last of which grows there to such a size that many 
of them are three feet in diameter. The soil and productions, in the hilly 
country, are nearly the same as in the northern states. /Wheat, rye, barley, 
oats, and flax, are the crops most generally cultivated, and seem to suit well 
the nature of the soil. Throughout the whole state, Indian corn and pulse of 
all kinds are abundant. Cotton is raised in considerable quantities. 

Of the plains in the low country, the large natural growth is almost univer- 
sally pitch pine, a tall and beautiful tree, which grows here to a size far supe- 
rior to the pitch pine of the northern states. This valuable tree affords pitch, 
tar, turpentine, and various kinds of lumber, which, together, constitute about 
one-half of the exports of North Carolina. It is of two kinds, the common and 
the long-leaved. The latter differs from other pines, not in shape, but in the 
length of its leaves, which are nearly half a yard long, and hang in- large clus- 
ters. The trees in the low countries both of North and South Carolina, are 
loaded with quantities of a long, spongy moss, which, hanging in clusters from 
the limbs, give to the forests a singular appearance. The misletoe frequently 
engrafts itself upon the trees in the back country. In this part plums, grapes, 
blackberries and strawberries grow spontaneously ; also several valuable 
medicinal plants, as ginseng, Virginia snake-root, Seneca snake-root, and some 
others. The rich bottoms are overgrown with canes, the leaves of which con- 
tinue green through the winter, and afford good pasture for cattle. 

North Carolina is far removed from that perfection of culture which is neces- 
sary to give it the full advantage of the natural richness of its soil and the value 
of its productions. One great cause of its backwardness in agricultural im- 
provement, is the want of inland navigation and of good harbors. 
Gold rnnes mmes °f North Carolina, which have lately excited much 

' interest, are found on the Yadkin and its branches, in the neighbor- 
hood of Wadesborough and Salisbury, and extend over a considerable district, 
in almost any part of which gold may be found in greater or less abundance, 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



103 



mixed with the soil. It exists in grains or masses, from almost imperceptible 
particles to lumps of two pounds' weight. 

The first account of gold from North Carolina, on the records of the mint of 
the United States, occurs in 1814, in which year it was received to the 
amount of $11,000. It continued to be received during the succeeding years, 
until 1824 inclusive, in different quantities, but less than that of 1814, and on 
an average not exceeding $2,500 a year. In 1825, the amount received was 
$17,000; m 1826, $20,000; in 1827, about $21,000; in 1828, nearly 
$46,000 ; in 1829, $128,000 ; and in 1830, $204,000. 

These mines are very extensive ; and a succession of gold mines has been 
discovered in the country lying to the east of the Blue Ridge, extending from 
the vicinity of the river Potomac into the state of Alabama. These mines are 
now wrought, to a greater or less extent, in the states of Virginia, North Caro- 
lina, South Carolina, and Georgia. 

The State Bank of North Carolina, at Raleigh, with six branches ; Banks in 
Cape Fear Bank, at Wilmington, with branches at Fayetteville, Sa- 183 °- 
lem, Charlotte, and Hillsborough ; Newbern Bank, at Newbern, with branches 
at Raleigh, Halifax, and Milton. The amount of bank capital is $3,200,000. 

The Bank of the United States has an office of discount and deposit at 
Fayetteville. 

The principal literary institution in this state is the University of Education 
North Carolina, at Chapel Hill. Academies are established at various 
places. The state has a literary fund, arising from bank dividends, &c. 
amounting to upwards of $70,000. It is provided, that when this fund shall 
have accumulated to a sufficient amount, the income of it shall be divided 
among the several counties, in proportion to the free population, for the support 
of common schools. 

There are 12 periodical presses in this state. 

The Baptists in this state have 14 associations, 272 churches, 139 _ ,. . 

JT 7 ? I'di ,r ioiis 

ministers, and 15,530 communicants ; the Presbyterians have 126 denomifta- 
churches, 57 ministers, 9 licentiates, and 5,907 communicants ; the tlons • 
Methodists, 32 preachers, and 12,641 members ; the Lutherans, 45 congrega- 
tions, 16 ministers, and 1,888 communicants ; the Episcopalians, 11 ministers ; 
the United Brethren, 4 congregations, and 1,727 members ; the Friends have a 
number of societies. 

The first permanent settlements were formed about the middle of 
the seventeenth century. North Carolina was long united under the lb ° ry ' 
same government with South Carolina : it was for many years called the 
County of Albemarle, or the County of Albemarle in Carolina, and about the 
beginning of the 18th century, the Colony of North Carolina. As early as 
1715, it had a separate legislative assembly, at which Charles Eden was gov- 
ernor ; and in the year 1727, it was formed into an entirely distinct province. 

The constitution of North Carolina was agreed to and resolved Conslitution 
upon, by representatives chosen for that purpose, at Halifax, Decern- and govern - 
ber 18, 1776. ment - 

The legislative authority is vested in a body, styled The General Assembly, 
consisting of a senate and a house of commons, both elected annually by the 
people. One senator and two members of the house of commons are sent from 
each of the 62 counties ; and one of the latter also from each of the towns of 
Edenton, Newbern, Wilmington, Salisbury, Hillsborough, and Halifax. 

The chief executive officer is the governor, who is chosen annually by a 
joint vote of the two houses ; and he is eligible for 3 years only in 6. He is 
assisted by an executive council of seven members, chosen annually by a joint 
vote of the two houses. In case of the death of the governor, his duties devolve 
upon the speaker of the senate. 



104 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



The judges of the supreme and superior courts are appointed by a joint vole 
of the two houses, and hold their offices during good behavior. 

The constitution grants the right of voting for members of the house of com- 
mons to all freemen of the age of 21 years, who have been inhabitants of any 
one county within the state twelve months immediately preceding the day of any 
election, and have paid public taxes ; but in order to be entitled to vote for 
senators, they must be possessed of a freehold of 50 acres of land. 

The governor's annual salary is #2,000. This state sends 13 representa- 
tives to congress. 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 




ARMS OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 



Length, 188 miles; breadth, 160: containing 30,000 square miles. Be- 
tween 32° 2' and 35° 10' N. long, and between 1° 45' and 6° 15' W. long. 
Bounded N. and N. E. by North Carolina ; S. E. by the Atlantic ; and S. W. 
by Georgia, from which it is separated by the Savannah. 



TABLE OF THE DISTRICTS AND SEATS OF JUSTICE. 


Districts. 


Seats of Justice. 


Dist. fr. 
Colum- 
bia. 


Districts. 


Seats of Justice. 


Dist. fr. 
Colum- 
bia. 


Abbeville nw 
Anderson nw 
Barnwell sw 
Beaufort s 
Charleston se 
Chester n 
Chesterfield n 
Colleton se 
Darlington ne 
Edgefield w 
Fairfield m 
Georgetown e 
Greenville nw 
Horry ne 
Kershaw m 


Abbeville 
Anderson C. H. 
Barnwell C. H. 
Coosaw T hatchie 
Charleston 
Chester C. H. 
Chesterf 'Id C. H. 
Walterborough 
Darlington C. H. 
Edgefield C. H. 
Winnsborough 
Georgetown 
Greenville C. H. 
Conwayborough 
Camden 


100 
129 
62 
147 
110 
57 
102 
93 
86 
57 
29 
134 
117 
150 
33 


Lancaster n 
Laurens wm 
Lexington m 
Marion ne 
Marlboro' n 
Newberry wm 
Orangeb'gh m 
Pickens nw 
Richland m 
Spartanburgh n 
Sumter m 
Union n 
Williamsb'gh e 
York 


Lancaster C. H. 
Laurens C. H. 
Lexington C. H. 
Marion C. H. 
Marlboro' C H. 
Newberry C. H. 
Orangeb'gh C.H. 
Pickens C. H. 
Columbia 
Spartanb'ghC.H. 
Sumterville 
Unionville 
Kingstree 
York C. H. 


73 
79 
12 
115 
102 
45 
43 
157 

104 
44 
77 
86 
78 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



105 



Population of the Districts and other Divisions, as given in the 
Census of 1830. 



Abbeville 
Anderson 
Barnwell 
Charleston 



District, 
do 
do 
City 



Charleston Neck, 
St. Andrew's Parish 
St. John's Colleton 
St. James, Goose Creek, 
St. Stephen's, 
Christ Church, 
St. James, Santee, 
St. Thomas and St. Dennis, 
St. Peter's Parish 
St. Helena, 
St. Luke's, 
Prince William's 
Chester, District 
Chesterfield, do 



Colleton, 

Edgefield, 

Fairfield, 



In 1790, 
1800, 
1810, 
1820, 
1830, 



do 
do 
do 



28,134 
17,170 
19,236 
30,289 
10,054 
3,727 
10,045 
8,632 
2,416 
3,412 
3,743 
3,055 
3,834 
8,799 
9,659 
9,040 
19,182 
8,472 
27,256 
30,511 
21,546 



Georgetown 
Greenville. 
Horry, 
Kershaw 
Lancaster, 
Laurens, 
Lexington, 
Marion 
Marlborough, 
Newberry, 
Orangeburgh, 
Pickens, 
Richland, 
Columbia, 
Spartanburgh, 
Sumter, 
Union, 
Washington, 
Williamsburgh, 
York, 



District 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
Town 
District 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 



19,943 
16,476 

5,323 
13,545 
10,361 
20,863 

9,076 
11,208 

8,578 
17,441 
18,455 
14,475 
11,465 

3,310 
21,148 
28,278 
17,908 
13,728 

9,015 
17,785 



Total population, 581,458. Slaves, 315,665. 
Population at different Periods. 



Population. 

249,073 
345,591 
415,115 
502,741 
581,458 



Increase from 1790 to 1800, 96,518 

■ 1800 1810, 69,524 

1810 1820, 86,626 

1820 1830, 78,717 



107,094 
146,151 
196,365 
258,475 
315,365 



The distinguishing virtues of the Carolinians are hospitality to strangers, and 
charity to the indigent and distressed. The planters, who in general have large 
incomes, live in a luxurious and splendid style, devoting much of their time to 
the pursuit of pleasure, and possessing much of that pride and dignity of spirit 
which characterize an independent country gentleman. The virtues of the 
farmers of the upper country are less brilliant, but more substantial. They 
have fewer vices, are of more frugal and industrious habits, and exhibit greater 
fortitude in the reverses of fortune. Labor in the lower country is performed 
almost entirely by slaves. 

The principal rivers are the Waccamaw, Pedee, Black River, Santee, 
Cooper, Ashley, Stono, Edisto, Asheppo, Cambahee, Coosaw, Broad, and 
Savannah. 

South Carolina is divided by nature into two parts, which, from their physi- 
cal situation, have been called Upper and Lower Carolina. The latter is 
supposed to have once been under the dominion of the ocean. Towards the 
coast the country is a level plain, extending more than 100 miles westward 
from the sea. Here the eye finds no relief from the dull uniformity of bound- 
less forests, swamps, and level fields. This fatiguing plain is succeeded by a 
curious range of little sand-hills, exactly resembling the waves of an agitated 
sea. This singular country occupies an extent of about 60 miles. It is ex- 
tremely barren, enlivened here and there by spots of verdure, or by some 
straggling pines ; and its few inhabitants earn a scanty subsistence by the cul- 
tivation of corn and sweet potatoes. After passing these sand-hills, we come 
next to a remarkable tract of ground, called the Ridge, which, on its approach 

O 



106 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



from the sea, is lofty and bold, but on the north-west is level from its summit. 
This is a fine belt of land, extending from the Savannah to Broad River, fertile, 
well cultivated, and watered by considerable streams. The country beyond 
this ridge resembles, in its scenery, the most interesting of the northern states. 
The traveller is gratified by the pleasant alternation of hill and dale ; the lively 
verdure of the hills is contrasted with the deeper tints of the extensive forests, 
which decorate their sides ; and in the valleys broad rivers roll their streams 
through the varied beauties of luxuriant and cultivated fields. From these de- 
lightful regions the ground still continues to rise till we reach tne western limit 
of the state. Here 7 or 8 mountains run in regular direction, the most distin- 
guished of which is Table Mountain ; other mountains are Oolenoy, Oconee, 
Paris', Glassey, Hogback, and King's. These are all in the districts of Pen- 
dleton, Greenville, Spartanburg, and York. 

The soil of South Carolina is divided into 6 classes: 1. Tide-swamp. 2. 
Inland swamp. 3. High river swamp, or low grounds, distinguished by the 
name of second low grounds. 4. Salt marsh. 5. Oak and hickory high land. 
6. Pine barren. The first two classes are peculiarly adapted to the culture of 
rice and hemp ; the third is most favorable to the growth of hemp, corn, and 
indigo. The salt marsh has been much neglected. The oak and hickory land 
is remarkably fertile, and well adapted to the culture of corn, as well as indigo 
and cotton. The pine-barren, though the least productive, is so much more 
salubrious than the other soils in the low country, that a proportion of pine- 
barren is an appendage indispensably necessary to every swamp plantation. 

The staple commodities of this state are cotton and rice, of which great 
quantities are annually exported. These articles have so engrossed the atten- 
tion of the planters, that the culture of wheat, barley, oats, and other crops 
equally useful, but less profitable, has been almost wholly neglected. So little 
wheat is raised throughout the state, that considerable quantities are annually 
imported. Cotton was not raised in any considerable quantities till as late as 
1795. Before that period indigo was, next to rice, the most important article 
of produce ; but it is now neglected. Tobacco thrives well. The exports, in 
1829, amounted to $8,179,409. The fruits which flourish best are pears, 
pomegranates, and water-melons ; the latter, in particular, grow to an enor- 
mous size, and are superior perhaps to any in the world. Other fruits are figs, 
apricots, nectarines, apples, peaches, olives, almonds, and oranges. 

The period of vegetation comprehends, in favorable years, from 7 to 8 
months, commencing in January or February, and terminating in October or 
November. The frosts generally in the months of November, December, Jan- 
uary, and February, are too severe for the delicate productions of more southern 
latitudes. The low country is seldom covered with snow ; but the mountains 
near the western boundary are often mantled in that wintry robe. Frost some- 
times binds up the earth, but seldom penetrates deeper than two inches, or lasts 
longer than three or four days. At some seasons, and particularly in Feb- 
ruary, the weather is very variable. The temperature has been known to vary 
46 degrees in one day. In Charleston for seven years the thermometer was 
not known to rise above 93 degrees, or to fall below 17 above 0. The number 
of extreme hot days in Charleston is seldom more than 30 in a year ; and there 
are about as many sultry nights, in which the heat and closeness of the air are 
such as to prevent the enjoyment of sound sleep. 

The low country is infested with all the diseases which spring from a warm, 
moist, and unelastic atmosphere. Of these the most frequent are fevers, from 
which the inhabitants suffer more than from any, or perhaps from all other dis- 
eases together. The districts of the upper country enjoy as salubrious a cli- 
mate as any part of the United States. 

The Santee Canal, 22 miles long, forms a junction between the Santee and 
the Cooper river, which flows into Charleston harbor ; and it opens to the city 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



107 



the commerce of the interior of South and North Carolina. A rail-road from 
Charleston to Hamburg, on the Savannah, opposite to Augusta, 120 miles long, 
is now in progress. Several miles, extending from Charleston, were com- 
pleted in 1830, and a locomotive steam-car has been placed upon it, moving at 
the rate of 15 miles an hour. 

Gold is found in considerable quantities ; the amount received, at the United 
States' mint, in 1830, from this state, was $26,000. 

There are 9 banks and branches of banks in this state ; 6 at Charleston, 1 
at Columbia, 1 at Georgetown, and 1 at Camden. 

The principal literary institutions of this state are the College of Education 
South Carolina, at Columbia, and Charleston College, in Charleston. 
The college of South Carolina has been built and supported by the state legis- 
lature ; and the sum of nearly $200,000 has been expended upon the buildings, 
library, philosophical apparatus, and occasional repairs. In addition to this, 
the legislature makes an annual appropriation of about $15,000 to defray the 
expenses of the institution ; and it also supports two beneficiaries at the college, 
at the annual expense of $260 each. 

The legislature makes an annual appropriation of nearly $40,000 for the 
support of free schools. The Commissioners of Free Schools, at the session 
of the legislature, in 1828, reported that 840 schools were established through- 
out the state, in which 9,036 scholars were instructed, at the expense of 
$39,716. The annual appropriation, in 1829, was $37,200. 

The number of periodical presses in 1831, was 15. 

The Methodists in this state have 54 preachers and 25,114 mem- Reli „ ious 
bers; the Baptists, 6 associations, 159 churches, 131 ministers, and denoniina- 
12,316 communicants ; the Presbyterians, 77 churches, 46 ministers, tlons ' 
7 licentiates, and 6,671 communicants ; the Episcopalians, 34 ministers; there 
are also some Associate Presbyterians, Lutherans, Roman Catholics, and Uni- 
tarians. 

This state, together with North Carolina and Georgia, was first granted to 
the earl of Clarendon and others, by Charles II., in 1663; and the first per- 
manent settlement was made at Charleston, in 1680. 

South Carolina was for a considerable time the seat of the revolutionary 
war ; and Charleston and Camden, also the places named Eutaw Springs and 
Cowpens, were rendered memorable by warlike achievements. 

The first constitution of this state was. formed in 1775 ; the Constitu . 
present constitution was adopted in 1790. The legislative authority tion and go- 
is vested in a General Assembly, consisting of a Senate and a House vernment - 
of Representatives. The senate consists of 45 members, who are elected by 
districts for four years, one half being chosen biennially. The house of repre- 
sentatives consists of 124 members, who are apportioned among the several 
districts, according to the number of white inhabitants and taxation ; and are 
elected for two years. The representatives and one half of the senators are 
chosen every second year, on the second Monday in October and the day fol- 
lowing. 

The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected for two years, 
by a joint vote of the senate and house of representatives, at every first 
meeting of the house of representatives. A governor, after having perform- 
ed the duties of the office for two years, cannot be re-elected till after the 
expiration of four years. At the time of the election of governor, a lieu- 
tenant-governor is chosen in the same manner, and for the same period. 
The general assembly meets annually, at Columbia, on the fourth Monday in 
November. The chancellor and judges are appointed by the joint ballot of 
the senate and house of representatives, and hold their offices during good be- 
havior. The constitution grants the right of suffrage to every free white 
male citizen, of the age of 21 years, having resided in the state two years pre- 



108 



GEORGIA. 



vious to the day of election, and having been possessed of a freehold of 50 
acres of land, or a town lot, at least six months before such election, or (not 
having such freehold or town lot) having been a resident in the election district 
in which he offers his vote, six months before said election, and having paid a 
tax the preceding year of 3s. sterling towards the support of the government. 

The governor's annual salary is 3,500 dolllars. 

South Carolina sends 9 representatives to congress. 



GEORGIA. 




ARMS OF GEORGIA • 
Length, 300 miles ; breadth, 200 : containing 58,000 square miles. Be- 
tween 30° 19' and 35° N. L. and 3° 52' and 8° 47' W. L. Bounded north by 
Tennessee and North Carolina ; north-east by South Carolina ; south-east by 
he Atlantic ; south by Florida ; and west by Alabama. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



Counties. 




Whites. 


Colored. 


Total Pop. 


County Towns. 


Distance 
fr. Mil- 
ledgeville. 


Appling 


sm 


1,284 


184 


1,468 


Appling C. H. 


125 


Baker 


sw 


977 


276 


1,253 


Byron 


155 


Baldwin 


m 


2,724 


4,565 


7,289 


MlLLEDGEVILLE 




Bibb 


m 


4,138 


3,005 


7,143 


Macon 


35 


Bryan 


se 


723 


2,416 


3,139 


Bryan C. H. 




Bullock 


em 


1,933 


653 


2,586 


Statesborough 


117 


Burke 


e 


5,066 


6,767 


11,833 


Waynesborough 


37 


Butts 


nm 


3,225 


1,687 


4,912 


Jackson 


51 


Camden 


se 


1,458 


3,120 


4,578 


Jeffersonton 


212 


Campbell 


nw 


2,694 


629 


3,323 


Campbellton 


134 


Carroll 


nw 


2,723 


696 


3,419 


Carrollton 


153 


Chatham 


e 


4,325 


9,905 


14,230 


Savannah 


167 


Clarke 


nm 


5,438 


4,738 


10,176 


Watkinsville 


69 


Columbia 


nm 


4,471 


8,135 


12,606 


Applingville 


93 



GEORGIA. 



i09 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. 



Counties. 


Whites. 


Colored. 


Total Pop. 


County Towns. 


Distance 
fr. Mil- 


Coweta 


nw 


3,634 


1,372 


0,UUo 


JNewman 


129 


Crawford 


wm 


3,591 


1,723 


ft OI A 

5,314 


Knoxville 


60 


Decatur 


sw 


2,541 


1,307 


3,648 


Cambridge 


206 


Dekalb 


nw 


8,37b 


1,0/1 


1U,U4/ 


Decatur 


117 


Dooly 


wm 


1,787 


348 


2,135 


Berrien 


97 


Early 


sw 


1,505 


546 


o a r; i 
2,051 


Blakely 


227 


Effingham 


€ 


1,746 


1,223 


2,969 


W uloughby 


181 


Elbert 


n 


6,501 


5,853 


12,354 


Elberton 


101 


Emanuel 


em 


2,168 


513 


2,681 


bwamsborough 


79 


Fayette 


nw 


4,268 


1,233 


5,501 


Fayetteville 


187 


Franklin 


n 


7,712 


2,423 


10,135 


Carnesville 


-1 1 A 

114 


Glynn 


se 


597 


3,970 


4,467 


Brunswick 


200 


Greene 


nm 


5,026 


7,525 


12,551 


Greensborough 


A A 


Gwinett 


nw 


10,938 


2,282 


13,220 


Lawrenceville 


no 
9o 


Habersham 


n 


9,733 


915 


10,648 


Clarksville 


144 


Hall 


nw 


10,573 


1,182 


11,755 Gainesville 


123 


Hancock 


nm 


4,607 


7,215 


ll,822Sparta 


24 


Harris 


w 


2,831 


2,274 


5,105 Hamilton 


134 


Henry 


nwm 


7,991 


2,576 


10,567 McDonough 


85 


Houston 


wm 


5,161 


2,208 


7,369 


Perrv 


oO 


Irwin 


sm 


1,066 


114 


1,180 


Irwin C. H. 




Jackson 


n 


0,184 


o oi a 

2,yio 


9,000 


Jefferson 


yo 


Jasper 


m 


6,767 


6,364 


lo,lol 


Monticello 


35 


Jefferson 


em 


3,603 


3,706 


7,309 


Louisville 


en 

52 


Jones 


m 


6,469 


6,873 


13,342 


Clinton 


22 


Laurens 


m 


3,188 


2,390 


5,578 


Dublin 


47 


Lee 


wm 


1,367 


307 


1,674 


Pindertown 


i on 

130 


Liberty 


se 


1,588 


5,646 


7,234 


Riceborough 


202 


Lincoln 


nm 


2,824 


3,313 


6,137 


Lincolnton 


1 A A 

100 


Lowndes 


s 


O 11Q 

^,llo 


Q/i n 

o4U 


2,453 


Franklinville 


1 87 
10/ 


Madison 


n 


3,365 


1,261 


4,626 


Danielsville 


92 


Mcintosh 


se 


1,095 


3,903 


4,998 


Darien 


187 


Marion 


wm 


1,327 


109 


1,436 


Marion C. H. 


174 


Meriwether 


nw 


o,018 


l,40o 


4,424 


Greenville 


ALL 


Monroe 


m 


8,836 


7,366 


16,202 


Forsythe 


60 


Montgomery 


m 


934 


335 


1,269 


Mount Vernon 


89 


Morgan 


nm 


5,146 


6,877 


12,023 


Madison 


44 


Muscogee 


w 


2,261 


1,247 


3,508 


Columbus 


120 


Newton 


nwm 


o,lol 


O AOQ 
0,U-<JO 


11,154 


Covington 


ou 


Oglethorpe 


nm 


5,554 


8,004 


13,558 


Lexington 


69 


Pike 


wm 


4,362 


1,694 


6,056 


Zebulon 


86 


rulaski 


m 


3,117 


1,782 


4,899 


Hartford 


67 


Putnam 


m 


5,512 


7,744 


13,656 


Eatonton 


22 


Rabun 


n 


9 114 

/6,J. I'd 


61 


2,175 


Clayton 


174. 

Alt 


Randolph 


w 


1,508 


683 


2,191 


Randolph C. H. 


170 


Richmond 


e 


5,163 


6,481 


11,644 


Augusta 


90 


Scriven 


e 


2,387 


2,389 


4,776 


Jacksonborough 


144 


Talbot 


w 


3,839 


2,101 


5,940 


Talbotton 


112 


Taliaferro 


nm 


2,162 


2,770 


4,934 


Crawfordsville 


47 


Tatnall 


em 


1,519 


520 


2,039 


Perry's Mills 


115 



110 



GEORGIA. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. — Continued. 



Counties. 


Whites. 


Colored. 


Total Pop. 


County Towns, 


Distance 
fr. Mil- 
ledgeville. 


Telfair 


m 


1,569 


567 


2,136 


Jacksonville 


Ill 


Thomas 


8 


2,127 


1,169 


3,296 


Thomasville 


235 


Troup 


w 


3,607 


2,192 


5,799 


Lagrange 


133 


Twiggs 


m 


4,495 


3,534 


8,029 


Marion 


37 


Upson 


nwm 


4,444 


2,569 


7,013 


Upson C. H. 


87 


vv alton 


nwm 


7,763 


3,168 


10,931 


Monroe 


72 


Ware 


s 


1,132 


62 


1,194 


Waresbo rough 


161 


Warren 


nm 








vv drreiitoij 




Washington 


m 


5,905 


3,915 


9,820 


Sandersville 


27 


Wayne 


se 


676 


286 


962 


Waynesville 


190 


Wilkes 


nw 


5,265 


8,972 


14,237 


Washington 


64 


Wilkinson 


m 


4,603 


1,955 


6,558 


Irwinton 


20 


76 Total 








516,567 







In 1790, 
1800, 
1810, 
1820, 
1830, 



Population. 

82,548 
162,686 
252,433 
348,989 
516,567 



Population at different Periods. 



Increase from 1790 to 1800, 

1800 1810, 

1810 1820, 

1820 1830, 



80,138 
89,747 
88,456 
165,578 



Slaves. 

29,264 
59,699 
105,218 
149,656 
217,470 



Milledgeville is the seat of government. Savannah and Augusta are the 
largest towns. The other most considerable towns are Washington, Louisville, 
Darien, St. Mary's, Greensborough, Petersburg, and Sparta. 

The principal rivers are the Savannah, Ogechee, Altamaha, Satilla, Oak- 
mulgee, Oconee, St. Mary's, Flint, Chatahoochee, Tallapoosa, and Coosa. 

The coast of Georgia for four or five miles inland is a salt marsh, mostly 
uninhabited. In front of this, towards the sea, there is a chain of islands of a 
gray rice soil, covered in their natural state with pine, hickory, and live oak, 
and yielding on cultivation sea-island cotton. The principal of these islands 
are Wassaw, Ossabaw, St. Catharine's, Sapello, St. Simon's, Jekyl, and Cum- 
berland. Back of the salt marsh there is a narrow margin of land, of nearly 
the same quality with that of the islands. In the rear of this margin com- 
mences the pine barrens. The rivers and creeks are everywhere bordered 
with swamps or marsh, which, at every tide, for fifteen or twenty miles from 
the coast, are either wholly or partially overflowed. These constitute the rice 
plantations. The pine barrens extend from 60 to 90 miles from the sea, beyond 
which the country becomes uneven, diversified with hills and mountains, of a 
strong, rich soil, producing cotton, tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, and other kinds 
of grain. The north-western part of the state is mountainous, and abounds in 
sublime and picturesque scenery. 

The soil of Georgia is various ; but a large proportion of it is very produc- 
tive. At a distance from the sea it changes from gray to red ; in some places 
it is gravelly, but fertile ; and farther back into the country its tint is gradually 
deepened, till it becomes what is called the mulatto soil, consisting of black 
mould and red earth. This sort of land is generally strong, and affords abun- 
dant crops of wheat, tobacco, corn, &c. It is succeeded in its turn by a soil 
that is nearly black, and very rich, on which are large quantities of black 
walnut and mulberry. 

The staple commodities of this state are cotton and rice, of which great 
quantities are exported. The forests afford an abundant supply of fine timber, 
consisting chiefly of oak, pine, hickory, mulberry, and cedar. The kinds of 



GEORGIA. 



Ill 



fruit are melons in great perfection, figs in plenty, oranges, pomegranates, 
olives, lemons, limes, citrons, pears, and peaches. The pine barrens produce 
grapes of large size and excellent flavor. The exports, which consist chiefly 
of cotton, rice, lumber, tobacco, canes, deer-skins, and maize, amounted, in 
1829, to 4,981,939 dollars. 

The winters in Georgia are mild and pleasant ; snow is seldom seen, nor is 
vegetation interrupted by severe frosts. The thermometer usually fluctuates 
between 40 and 60 degrees. In the low country, in the vicinity of the swamps, 
bilious complaints and fevers are very common, during the months of July, 
August, and September. At the approach of this season, the rich planters, with 
their families, remove either to the sea islands, or to more elevated situations. 

There are several valuable mineral springs in this state ; one near Washing- 
ton ; one in Jefferson county, 12 miles south-east of Louisville ; and another in 
Madison county, five miles from Danielsville. 

Two considerable tribes of Indians reside partly within the chartered limits 
of this state ; the Cherokees in the north-western part, and the Creeks in the 
western. The Cherokees have made greater advances in the arts of civilized 
life than any other tribe of North American Indians. A proposition to remove 
them to the west of the Mississippi, which has been recently made, has excited 
a deep interest throughout the country ; and it is to be hoped that such a course 
will be pursued as shall be consistent at once with justice and humanity, — with 
the welfare of the Cherokees, and the honor of the United States. " Within 
the last 20 years the Cherokees have rapidly advanced towards civilization. 
They now live in comfortable houses, chiefly in villages, and cultivate large 
farms. They raise large herds of cattle, which they sell for beef to the inhab- 
itants of the neighboring states." 

Gold is found in considerable quantities in this state. The amount received 
from Georgia, at the United States' mint, in 1830, was $212,000. The gold 
mines which have been discovered are in the northern part of the state, near 
the sources of the Catahooche, Tallapoosa, and Coosa. 

There are 19 banks and branches in this state, 4 at Savannah, 4 at Augusta, 
3 at Milledgeville, 1 at Washington, 1 at Darien, 1 at Jonesborough, 1 at Eaton- 
ton, 3 at Macon, and 1 at Columbus. 

The state penitentiary is at Milledgeville. 

The principal literary seminary in this state is Franklin College, or the Uni- 
versity of Georgia, at Athens, which has funds to the amount of $136,000, of 
which $100,000 are invested in the Bank of the State of Georgia, which stock 
the state guaranties to yield eight per cent, per annum. 

The following statement relating to education is given by Mr. Sherwood in 
his " Gazetteer of Georgia." — " There are about 80 incorporated academies in 
this state, 64 of which have been brought into operation. The average num- 
ber of pupils in each, is 47 = 3,008. In the northern and southern sections of 
the state, there are probably 5 common schools in each county ; 40 counties ; 
30 pupils each =6,000. In the middle section, say 7 common schools in each 
county; 25 counties =5,250. Total number of pupils in the academies and 
common schools, 14,258." The state possesses " Academy and Poor School 
Funds" to a considerable amount. By an act of the legislature of 1792, each 
county academy was allowed to purchase the value of £1,000 of confiscated 
property : 1,000 acres of land in each county were granted for the support of 
schools ; and also a fund of $250,000, to be vested in stocks for the same purpose. 

In 1831 there were 20 periodical presses in this state. 

The Methodists, in this state, have 64 preachers, and 27,038 mem- ReH ioug 
bers ; the Baptists, 12 associations, 390 churches, 205 ministers, and denomina- 
31,797 communicants; the Presbyterians, 55 churches, 31 ministers, tl0ns- 
and 3,034 communicants ; the Episcopalians, 4 churches and 4 ministers ; the 
Roman Catholics, 3 churches and 3 ministers. 



112 



ALABAMA. 



The first English settlement of Georgia was commenced in 1733. 

Historv 

at Savannah, by general Oglethorpe, together with 160 persons. 
Constitution ^ rst const i tut i° n of Georgia was formed in 1777 ; a second, 

and govern- in 1785 ; and a third, the one now in operation, in 1798. The legis- 

ment - lative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, which 
together are styled the General Assembly. The members of both houses are 
chosen annually on the first Monday in October. One senator is elected for 
each county, and the number of representatives is in proportion to population, 
including three fifths of all the people of color ; but each county is entitled to 
at least one, and no one to more than four, members. The executive power is 
vested in a governor, who was formerly elected by the general assembly ; but 
he is now (and ever since 1824 elected by the people on the first Monday in 
October ; and he holds the office for two years. The general assembly meets 
(at Milledgeville) on the first Monday in November ; unless convened at another 
time by the governor. The constitution grants the right of suffrage to all 
" citizens and inhabitants, who have attained the age of 21 years, and have 
paid all the taxes which may have been required of them, and which they may 
have had opportunity of paying, agreeably to law, for the year preceding the 
election, and shall have resided six months within the county." 

The judicial power is vested in a Superior Court and in such inferior juris- 
dictions as the legislature may, from time to time, ordain and establish ; and 
the superior and inferior courts sit twice in each county every year. The judges 
of the Superior Court are elected by the legislature for three years ; the justices 
of the inferior courts, and justices of the peace, are elected quadriennially by 
the people ; and the clerks of the superior and inferior courts biennially. 

The annual salary of the governor is 3,000 dollars. 

This state sends nine representatives to congress. 



ALABAMA. 

Length, 280 miles ; breadth, 160 miles : containing 46,000 square miles. 
Between 30° 12' and 35° N. latitude; and between 8° and 11° 30' W. longi- 
tude from Washington. Bounded north by Tennessee; east by Georgia; 
south by Florida, and west by the state of Mississippi. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



Counties. 


Population. 


County Towns. 


Dist. from 
Tuscaloosa 


Autauga 


m 


11,872 


Washington 


129 


Baldwin 


s 


2,324 


Blakely 


228 


Bibb 


m 


6,305 


Centreville 


39 


Blount 


nm 


4,233 


Blountsville 


110 


Butler 


sm 


5,634 


Greenville 


143 


Clarke 


sm 


7,584 


Clarkesville 


146 


Conecuh 


s 


7,444 


Sparta 


205 


Covington 


s 


1,522 


Montezuma 


187 


Dale 


s 


2,021 


Dale C. H. 


242 


Dallas 


m 


14,017 


Cahawba 


96 


Fayette 


nm 


3,470 


Fayette C. H. 


50 


Franklin 


nw 


11,078 


Russelville 


127 


Greene 


wm 


15,026 


Erie 


47 


Henry 


se 


3,955 


Columbia 


260 



ALABAMA. 



113 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. — Continued. 



Counties. 


Population. 


County Towns. 


Dist. from 
Tuscaloosa. 


Jackson 


ne 


12,702 


i Bellefonte 
\ Woodville 


172 
185 


Jefferson 


m 


6,855 


Elyton 


59 


Lauderdale 


nw 


11,782 


Florence 


146 


Lawrence 


n 


14,984 


Moulton 


102 


Limestone 


n 


14,848 


Athens 


130 


T J 

Lowndes 




9,421 


Lowndes C. H. 


138 


Madison 


n 


28,011 


Huntsville 


155 


Marengo 


sm 


7,742 


Linden 


78 


TIT 

Marion 


nw 


4,058 


Pikeville 


118 


Mobile 

Mobile, city 


sw 


3,071 
3,194 


> Mobile 


226 


Monroe 


SM 


8,780 


Clairborne 


157 


Montgomery 


sm 


12,694 


Montgomery 


119 


Morgan 


n 


9,053 


Somerviile 


135 


Ferry 


m 


11,509 


Perry C. H. 


61 


Pickens 


w 


6,620 


Pickens 


48 


Pike 


se 


7,103 


Pike C. H. 


179 


St. Clair 


nem 


o,y / o 


Asnville 




Shelby 


m 


5,521 


Shelbyville 


73 


Tuscaloosa 


.171 


13,646 


Tuscaloosa 




Walker 


nm 


2,202 


Walker C. H. 


47 


Washington 


siv 


3,478 


Washington C. H. 


146 


Wilcox 


sm 


9,469 


Canton 


113 


36 Total 


308,997, 


of whom 117,294 are slaves. 



In 1810, less than 10,000 
1816, 29,683 
1818, 70,542 
1820, 127,901 
1827, 244,041 
1830, 308,997 



Population at different Periods. 

Population. 



Increase 

From 1820 to 1830, 



In 1820, 
1827, 



Slaves. 

41,879 
93,008 



181,096 



1830, 117,294 



The principal rivers are the Alabama, Tombigbee, Black Warrior, Coosa, 
Tallapoosa, Tennessee, Chatahoochee, Perdido, and Cahawba. 

The southern part of the country, which borders on the gulf of Mexico and 
West Florida, for the space of 50 miles wide, is low and level, covered with 
pine, cypress, and loblolly ; in the middle it is hilly, with some tracts of open 
land ; the northern part is somewhat broken and mountainous, and the country 
generally is more elevated above the sea, than most other parts of the United 
States at equal distance from the ocean. The Alleghany mountains terminate 
in the north-east part. The forest trees in the middle and northern part con- 
sist of black and white oak, hickory, poplar, cedar, chestnut, pine, mulberry, &c. 

Alabama possesses great diversity of soil, climate, natural, vegetable, and 
mineral productions. Occupying the valley of the Mobile, and its tributary 
streams, together with a fine body of land on both sides of the Tennessee river, 
its position in an agricultural and commercial point of view is highly advan- 
tageous. A considerable portion of that part of the state which lies between 
the Alabama and Tombigbee, of that part watered by the Coosa and Talla- 
poosa, and of that on the Tennessee, consists of very excellent land. On the 



114 



ALABAMA. 



margin of many of the rivers there is a considerable quantity of cane bottom 
land, of great fertility, generally from a half to three quarters of a mile wide. 
On the outside of this is a space, which is low, wet, and intersected by stagnant 
water. Next to the river swamp, and elevated above it ten or fifteen feet, suc- 
ceeds an extensive body of level land of a black, rich soil, with a growth of 
hickory, black-oak, post-oak, dog-wood, poplar, &c. After this come the 
prairies, which are wide-spreading plains of level, or gently waving land, 
without timber, clothed with grass, herbage, and flowers, and exhibiting in the 
month of May the most enchanting scenery. 

Cotton is the staple of the state. Other productions are corn, rice, wheat, 
rye, oats, &c. The sugar-cane, the vine, and the olive, it is supposed, may be 
cultivated with success. Coal abounds on the Cahawba, the Black Warrior, 
&c. ; and valuable iron ore is found in some parts of the state. 

The climate of the southern part of the bottom land bordering on the rivers, 
and of the country bordering on the Muscle Shoals, is unhealthy. In the ele- 
vated part of the country the climate is very fine ; the winters are mild, and the 
summers pleasant, being tempered by breezes from the Gulf of Mexico. 

The Cherokee and the Creek Indians possess a large tract in the eastern part 
of Alabama ; and the Choctaws and Chickasaws have possessions in the west. 

In 1831 there were three banks in this state, including a branch of the 
United States Bank at Mobile. 

The University of Alabama, at Tuscaloosa, is a new but well-endowed 
uca 10n " institution. It was incorporated in 1820, by an act of the state legisla- 
ture. By an act of Congress, March 1819, one section of land, containing 640 
acres, was granted to the inhabitants of each township for the use of schools, 
and 72 sections, or two townships, for the support of a seminary of learning. 
The funds of the university consist of the proceeds of these lands. 

There have been 24 academies incorporated in the state, up to 1832. 
internal im- By an act of congress, March 2, 1819, it was provided that 5 per 
provemeut. cen t. of the neat proceeds of all the sales of public lands in this state, 
made subsequently to September 1, 1819, should be reserved for making public 
roads and canals, and improving the navigation of rivers. Three-fifths of the 
amount were directed to be applied to these objects within the state, and two-fifths 
to the making of a road or roads leading to the state, under the direction of con- 
gress. This act gave rise to what is commonly called the " Three per cent. 
Fund," which has been vested in the bank of the state of Alabama ; and it 
amounted, according to the report of the state treasurer, on the 26th of Novem- 
ber, 1829, to $96,355 77. A board of internal improvement, to consist of six 
commissioners, was established by the general assembly in January, 1830, 
under whose superintendence the income of this fund is to be appropriated to 
objects of public utility, as roads, canals, &c. 

On the 23d of May, 1828, congress made a grant to this state of 400,000 
acres of relinquished and unappropriated lands for improving the navigation of 
the Muscle Shoals and Colbert Shoals in the Tennessee ; and likewise for im- 
proving the navigation of the Coosa, Cahawba, and Black Warrior rivers. 

There are 12 periodical presses in this state. 
Religious de- The Baptists in this state have 12 associations, 219 churches, 130 
nomina- ministers, and 8,953 communicants ; the Methodists, 44 preachers 
ions, j 3 ; 504 members ; the Presbyterians, 38 churches, 27 ministers, 6 
licentiates, and 1,669 communicants: the Roman Catholics, 2 ministers ; the 
Episcopalians, 2 ministers, 
ffisto Mobile, in the southern part of Alabama, was settled long since by 
istory. ^ gp an - g | 1 . y et t j ie territory which now forms this state contained 
but very few civilized inhabitants before 1810. Since that time its increase in 
population has been exceedingly rapid. 

Alabama was erected into a territorial government in 1817 ; the inhabitants 
formed a constitution in 1819 ; and in 1820, it was admitted into the Union. 



MISSISSIPPI. 



115 



The legislative power is vested in two branches, a senate and house Constitution 
of representatives, which together are styled The General Assembly and govern- 
of the State of Alabama. The representatives are elected annually, ment - 
and are apportioned among the different counties in proportion to the white 
population ; the whole number cannot exceed 100, nor fall short of 60. The 
senators are elected for three years, and one-third of them are chosen every 
year. Their number cannot be more than one-third, nor less than one-fourth 
of the number of representatives. The executive power is vested in a governor, 
who is elected by the people, for two years ; and is eligible four years out of 
six. The representatives and one-third of the senators are elected annually on 
the first Monday in August and the day following ; and the governor is elected 
biennially at the same time. The general assembly meets annually (at Tus- 
caloosa) on the fourth Monday in October. The right of suffrage is possessed 
by every white male citizen of 21 years of age, who has resided within the 
state one year next preceding an election, and the last three months within the 
county, city, or town, in which he offers his vote. The judicial power is vested 
in one supreme court, in circuit courts, and such inferior courts as the general 
assembly may, from time to time, direct and establish. The judges, after No- 
vember in 1833, are to be elected by a joint vote of both houses of the general 
assembly, every six years. 

The annual salary of the governor is $2,000. This state sends five repre 
sentatives to congress. 



MISSISSIPPI. 

This state is not far from 300 miles in average length, and 160 in average 
breadth. Between 30° and 34° N. lat. ; and 11° and 14° W. long, from Wash- 
ington. It contains 28,000,000 acres. Bounded on the N. by Tennessee ; E. 
by Alabama ; S. by the gulf of Mexico and Louisiana ; W. by Louisiana and 
the Mississippi. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



Counties. 


Pop. 1830. 


County Towns. 


Dist. from 
Jackson. 


Adams 
Natchez 


sw 
city 


12,129 ) 
2,790 I 


Natchez 


112 


Amite 


sw 


7,943 


Liberty 


122 


Claiborne 


ID 


9,818 


Port Gibson 


67 


Copiah 


swm 


7,024 


Gallatin 


53 


Covington 


sm 


2,549 


Williamsburgh 


83 


Franklin 


sw 


4,622 


Meadville 


105 


Greene 


se 


1,849 


Leaksville 


171 


Hancock 


s 


1,981 


Pearlington 


200 


Hinds 


m 


8,619 | 


Jackson 
Raymond 


19 


Jackson 


se 


1,789 


Jackson C. H. 


213 


Jefferson 


sw 


9,755 


Fayette 


93 


Jones 


sm 


1,471 


Ellisville 


134 


Lawrence 


sm 


5,321 


Monticello 


88 


Lowndes 




3,342 


Columbus 


134 


Madison 


e 


4,973 


Livingston 


31 


Marion 


s 


3,701 


Columbia 


120 


Monroe 


e 


3,855 


Hamilton 


150 



116 



MISSISSIPPI. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. — Continued. 


Counties. 


Pop. 1830. 


County Towns. 


Dist. from 
Jackson. 


Perry se 
Pike s 
Rankin w 
Simpson sm 
Warren w 
Washington 

Wayne e 
Wilkinson sw 
Yazoo id 
26 


2,285 
5,402 
2,084 
2,666 
7,861 
1,976 
2,778 
11,693 
6,550 


Augusta 

Holmesville 

Brandon 

Westville 

Vicksburg 

Princeton 

Winchester 

Woodville 

Benton 


137 
151 
16 
56 
54 
119 
165 
148 
64 



Population at different Periods. 
The country now forming the states of Mississippi and Alabama was erect- 
ed into a territorial government by the name of the Mississippi Territory, in 
1798, and so continued till 1817. Population in 1800, 8,850; in 1810, 
40,352 :— of Mississippi alone, in 1816, 45,929. 

Population. Slaves. 

In 1820, 75,448 32,814 
1830, 136,806 Increase from 1820 to 1830, 61,358 65,659 

The principal rivers are the Mississippi, Pearl, Pascagoula, Yazoo, Black, 
Tennessee, and the western branches of the Tombigbee. The Mississippi 
forms the western boundary from lat. 31° to 35° N. ; 308 miles in a right line, 
but by the course of the river near 700 miles. 

The southern part of the state, extending about 100 miles north from the Gulf 
of Mexico, is mostly a champaign country, with occasional hills of moderate 
elevation, and is covered with forests of the long-leaved pine, interspersed with 
cypress swamps, open prairies, and inundated marshes. A considerable por- 
tion of this part is susceptible of cultivation. The soil is generally sandy, 
sometimes gravelly and clayey. It is capable of producing cotton, corn, in- 
digo, sugar, garden vegetables, plums, cherries, peaches, figs, sour oranges, 
and grapes. 

In proceeding north, the face of the country becomes more elevated and 
agreeably diversified. The growth of timber consists of poplar, hickory, oak, 
black walnut, sugar-maple, buckeye, elm, hackberry, &c, and the soil is ex- 
ceedingly fertile, producing abundant crops of cotton, corn, sweet potatoes, in- 
digo, garden vegetables, and fruit. Nearly all the country watered by the 
Yazoo is described as incomparably fertile, well watered, and healthful. 

Cotton is the staple production of the state. Peaches and figs are the fruits 
most easily produced. Apples, plums, lemons, and oranges are common. 

The climate is temperate, and in the elevated parts generally healthy. The 
local situation of this state, the fertility of its soil, the temperature of its cli- 
mate, and the value of its productions, will doubtless cause it to remain an im- 
portant part of the Union. 

The Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians possess a large portion of the territory 
of this state, embracing the northern and eastern parts. The tracts possessed 
by these tribes, comprise some of the finest parts of the state, abounding with 
extensive and beautiful prairies. The Choctaws and Chickasaws have well 
cultivated fields, and great numbers of horses, cattle, hogs, and sheep. Many 
of them are mechanics, and their women spin and make cloth. 

There are 8 banks and branches in this state ; viz. 3 at Natchez, 1 at Port 
Gibson, 2 at Vicksburg, 1 at Woodville, and 1 at Rodney. 



MISSISSIPPI. 117 

Jefferson College, at Washington, was established in 1802, and Education 
has received liberal endowments in public lands from the federal go- 1 
vernment. It is pleasantly situated ; the buildings are large and commodious ; 
the course of study is similar to that of West Point ; and the number of cadets 
or students, in 1830, was 98. 

There are other seminaries in different parts ; but, although an interest in 
education is manifested in the different counties, yet no system of primary 
schools has been adopted. The state has a Literary Fund, amounting, at 
present, to 827,000, derived from the donation of the general government, 
rents of lands, three per cent, on all sales of public lands, fines, forfeitures, 
dec. But no portion of it is available till it shall amount to $50,000. 

In 1829, a Board of Internal Improvement was organized by the internal im- 
legislature, consisting of the governor and three commissioners. The P r °vement. 
board was authorized to employ a civil engineer, and to negotiate a loan of 
the sum of $200,000 upon the credit of the state, to be appropriated for the 
improvement of the navigable streams and public roads within the state. By 
an act of congress, passed March 1, 1817, five per cent, of the neat proceeds 
of the sales of the public lands within the state, was reserved for making roads 
and canals ; and three-fifths of this (called the Three per cent. Fund) are sub- 
ject to appropriation by the state legislature to those objects within the state ; 
the other two-fifths are at the disposal of congress for roads leading to the 
state. 

The number of periodical papers in 1831 was 10. 

The Methodists in this state have 23 preachers, and 5,918 mem- Re ii gioug 
bers; the Baptists, 3 associations, 58 churches, 12 ministers, and denomina- 
1,714 communicants; the Presbyterians, 25 churches, 21 ministers, tl0ns " 
3 licentiates, and about 950 communicants ; the Episcopalians, 4 ministers , 
and there are some Roman Catholics. 

The first settlement of whites in Mississippi was made by the Histo 
French at Natchez, about the year 1716 ; in 1729, these colonists 
were massacred by the Natchez Indians ; but in the succeeding year, this once 
powerful tribe was extirpated by the French. 

But few American settlements were made in this country till near the end 
of the last century. In 1800, the territory was erected into a separate go- 
vernment, and, in 1817, into an independent state. 

The constitution of this state was formed at the town of Washing- Constitu . 

ton, in August, 1817. tion and go. 

The legislative power is vested in a Senate and a House of Repre- veinment - 
sentatives, which are together styled The General Assembly of the State of 
Mississippi. 

The representatives are elected annually on the first Monday in August, in 
the ratio of one to every 3,000 white inhabitants. Each county, however, is 
entitled to one ; and the present whole number is 33. According to the consti- 
tution, when the number of white inhabitants exceeds 80,000, the number of 
representatives cannot be less than 36, nor more than 100. 

The members of the senate are elected for three years, one third being 
chosen annually. Their number cannot be less than one fourth, nor more 
than one third of the whole number of representatives. 

The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people, 
for two years, on the first Monday in August. At every election of governor, 
a lieutenant-governor is also chosen, who is president of the senate, and on 
whom the executive duties devolve in case of the death, resignation, or absence 
of the governor. 

The general assembly meets (at Jackson) annually on the first Monday in 
November. 

The right of suffrage is granted to every free white male citizen of tho 



118 



LOUISIANA. 



United States, of the age of 21 years or upwards, who has resided within this 
state one year next preceding an election, and the last six months within the 
county, city, or town in which he offers to vote, and is enrolled in the militia 
thereof, unless exempted by law from military service ; or, having the aforesaid 
qualifications of citizenship and residence, has paid a state or county tax. 

The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, and such superior and in- 
ferior courts of law and equity, as the legislature may, from time to time, es- 
tablish. The judges of the several courts are elected by the general assembly, 
and hold their offices during good behavior, till the age of 65 years. 

The governor's salary is $2,500. 

This state sends two representatives to congress. 



LOUISIANA. 



Length, 240 miles ; breadth, 210 : containing 48,220 square miles. Between 
29° and 33° 30' N. lat. and 12° and 17° 3' W. Ion. Bounded east by Missis- 
sippi state, and the Gulf of Mexico, and by the river Mississippi from 31° to 
33°, and thence by the parallel of 31° to Pearl river ; thence by that stream to 
its mouth ; south by the Gulf of Mexico ; west by the river Sabine, which 
separates it from the Mexican states, and following that river to the parallel of 
32°, thence due north to 33°, thence due east to the Mississippi, having Arkan- 
sas territory on the north. 



TABLE OF THE PARISHES AND SEATS OF JUSTICE. 



Eastern District, 



Parishes. 


Pop. 1830. 


Seats of Justice. 


Dist. from 
N. Orleans. 


Ascension 


sem 


5,409 


Donaldson 


75 


Assumption 


sem 


5,670 


Assumption C. II. 


90 


Baton Rouge, East, 


m 


6,717 


Concordia 




Baton Rouge, West, 


m 


3,092 


Baton Rouge 


117 


Concordia 


ne 


4,662 






Feliciana, East, 


em 


8,247 


Jackson 


158 


Feliciana, West, 


em 


8,629 


St. Francisville 


149 


Iberville 


sem 


7,050 


Iberville 


98 


Jefferson 


se 


6,846 


Coquille 


202 


Lafourche Interior 


s 


5,500 


Thibadeuxville 


108 


Orleans se 
New Orleans, city 4* suburbs 


3,793 
46,310 


| New Orleans 




Plaquemines 


se 


4,489 


Fort Jackson 


75 


Point Cupee 


m 


5,936 


Point Coupee 


154 


St. Bernard 


sem 


3,356 




St. Charles 


sem 


5,107 






St. Helena 


em 


4,027 


St. Helena 


98 


St. James 


sem 


7,672 


Bringis-r's 


60 


St. John Baptist 


sem 


5,700 


Bonnet Carre 


36 


St. Tammany 


e 


2,864 


Covington 


44 


Terre Bonne 


s 


2,121 


Williamsburg 




Washington 


e 


2,286 


Franklinton 




| 21 Total of East. Dist. 


155,318 







LOUISIANA. 



119 



TABLE OF THE PARISHES AND SEATS OF JUSTICE. — Continued. 


Western District. 


Parishes. 


Pop. 1830. 


Seats of Justice. 


Dist. from 
N. Orleans. 


Avoyelles ni 
Catahoula nm 
Claiborne 

Lafayette s 
Natchitoches nw 

T?nr\irlf>a 07), 
XvctUlU.00 l,v 

St. Landry sw 
St. Martin's s 
St. Mary's s 
Washita . n 


3,488 
2,576 
1,764 
5,606 
7,926 
7,559 
12,552 
7,204 
6,442 
5,140 


Marksville 

Harrisonburg 

Russelville 

Vermilionville 

Natchitoches 

Alexandria 

Opelousas 

St. Martinsville 

Franklin 

Monroe 


240 
251 
441 

354 
272 
192 
176 
141 
323 


10 Total of West. Dist. 


60,257 








.21 


Population. 


Slaves. 

80,421 




.10 


60,257 


29,210 



31 Counties 



Total of Louisiana 215,575 
Population at different Periods. 



In 1810, 
1820, 
1830, 



Population. 

76,556 
153,407 
215,575 



Increase from 1810 to 1820, 
1820 1830, 



76,851 

62,168 



109,631 



Slaves. 

34,660 
69,064 
109,631 



Population of New-Orleans, in 1802, about 10,000; in 1810, 17,242; in 
1820, 27,176 ; in 1830, 46,310. 

Three quarters of the state are without an elevation, that can be Face of the 
properly called a hill. The pine woods generally have a surface of country, 
a very particular character, rising into fine swells, with table sur- 801 J ' &c ' 
faces on the summit, and valleys from 30 to 40 feet deep. But they are with- 
out any particular range, and like the waves of a high and regular sea. The 
alluvial soil is level, and the swamps, which are the only inundated alluvions, 
are dead flats. The vast prairies which constitute a large portion of the surface 
of the state, have, in a remarkable degree, all the distinctive aspects of 
prairies. To the eye they seem as level as the still surface of a lake. They 
are, except the quaking prairies, higher and drier than the savannas of Flori- 
da. A range of hills commences in gentle elevations in Opelousas, rises 
gradually, and diverges towards the Sabine. In the vicinity of Natchitoches 
it preserves a distance intermediate between the Sabine and Red Rivers, and 
continues to increase in elevation to the western parts of the state. Seen from 
the Pine Hills above Natchitoches, they have, in the distance, the blue outline 
of a range of mountains. Another line of hills, not far from Alexandria, 
commences on the north side of Red River, and separating between the waters 
of that river and Dudgemony, unites with another line of hills, that bound the 
alluvions of the Washita, as bluffs, gradually diverging from that river, as 
they pass beyond the western limits of the state. The new and remote parish 
taken from Natchitoches, called Claiborne, or Allen's Settlement, is a high and 
rolling country. — There are considerable hills beyond the Mississippi alluvions, 
east of that river. But, generally speaking, Louisiana is one immense plain 
divided into pine woods, prairies, alluvions, swamps, and hickory and oak 
lands. 



120 



LOUISIANA. 



The pine woods are generally rolling; sometimes, but not often, level. 
They have almost invariably a poor soil, sufficiently described in our account 
of Florida and Alabama. They possess the same character here, except, that 
creeks are more common, with more extensive and somewhat richer bottoms ; 
and there is, perhaps, a greater proportion of laurels, oaks and hickories 
among the pines. The greater proportion of the prairies is second-rate land. 
►Some of those west of Opelousas, and between Washita and Red River, are 
even sterile. Some parts of the prairies of Opelousas are of great fertility, and 
those of Attakapas still more so. As a general fact, they are more level than 
those of the upper country. A large belt of these prairies, near the gulf, is 
low, marshy, and in rainy weather inundated. A very considerable extent of 
them has a cold clayey soil, with a hard pan near the surface. In other places 
the soil is of inky blackness, and disposed in the hot and dry season to crack 
in fissures, of a size to admit a man's arm. 

The bottoms are generally rich, but in very different degrees. Those of the 
Mississippi and Red River, and the bayous connected with those streams, are 
more fertile and productive than the streams west of them, and between them 
and the Sabine. The fertility of the richer bottoms of the Mississippi and Red 
River is sufficiently attested by the prodigious growth of the timber, the luxu- 
riance, size, and rankness of the cane and the cotton, the tangle of vines and 
creepers, the astonishing size of the weeds, and the strength of vegetation in 
general. We have measured a fig-tree, and a sumach, both ordinarily con- 
sidered as shrubs, which were larger than a man's body. The richness of the 
articles of cultivation is sufficiently well known. The cotton on fresh lands 
of the richest quality grows to the size of a considerable shrub. 

The districts of Louisiana, which have the richest soil, are the following : — 
1st. The island of New-Orleans. This is so denominated in geography, and 
correctly. Not far below Baton Rouge, a bayou, or efflux, called Manshac, or 
Ibberville, makes out from the Mississippi, which, in its course, receives other 
waters, until swollen into a considerable river, it falls into lake Maurepas. 
That again is connected by a narrow gorge with lake Ponchartrain, and that 
by the rigolets with lake Borgne and the Gulf. The Mississippi insulates it on 
the other side. Consequently, the island of New-Orleans is a narrow strip of 
land, stretching between this range of lakes and the river. About one third of 
the average width of this strip is under cultivation. The other two thirds are 
swamp. Its front is the eastern bank of the Mississippi ; and its rear is this 
bayou and this line of lakes. The bayou Manshac, which completes the 
insular character of this tract, is narrow, and is seldom seen by persons de- 
scending the Mississippi. This tract is the finest part of that rich country, 
called the coast. The coast is that part of the bottom of the Mississippi, 
which commences with the first cultivation above the Balize, that is to say, 
about 40 miles below New-Orleans, and 150 above. This belt on each side 
of the river is secured by an embankment, called a levee, from 6 to 8 feet in 
height, and sufficiently broad, for the most part, to furnish a fine highway. 
The river, in ordinary inundations, would cover the greater part of this belt 
from two to six feet in depth. It is from one to two miles in width, and per- 
haps a richer tract of land of the same extent cannot be found on the face of 
the globe. The levee extends something higher on the west than on the east 
side of the river. Above the levee on the east bank of the river are the par- 
ishes of Baton Rouge, and East and West Feliciana. The latter parish re- 
ceived its name from its pleasant surface of fertile hills and valleys, and its 
union of desirable circumstances for a planting country. This parish presents 
a spectacle very uncommon in this country, hills that are covered with laurels 
and forest trees, denoting the richest soil. Here are some of the wealthiest 
planters and best plantations in the state. Bayou Sarah, the point of shipment 
for this region, sends great quantities of cotton to New-Orleans. Some of the 



LOUISIANA 



121 



plantations on this bayou have from 5 to 800 acres under cultivation, worked 
by a large number of hands. 

On the banks of the Mississippi, La Fourche, the Teche, and the Vermilion, 
below lat. 30° 12' N. wherever the soil is elevated above the annual inunda- 
tions, sugar can be produced ; and the lands are generally devoted to this crop. 
In all other parts of the state, cotton is the staple. The best districts for cotton 
are the banks of Red River, Washita, Teche, and the Mississippi. Rice is 
more particularly confined to the banks of the Mississippi, where irrigation can 
be easily performed. — The quantity of land within the state adapted to the 
cultivation of the three staples, has been estimated as follows : sugar, 250,000 
acres ; rice, 250,000 ; cotton, 2,400,000. Some of the sugar-planters have 
derived a revenue in some years of $600 from the labor of each of their 
slaves ; from -$350 to $450 is the ordinary calculation. The cultivation of 
cotton is believed to be equally profitable. The amount of sugar made in 
Louisiana in 1810, was about 10,000,000 lbs.; in 1814, not less than 
15,000,000; in 1817, 20,000,000; in 1828, 88,000,000; and in 1830, 
100,000,000. The extensive prairie land, in the south-west part of the state, 
embracing the district of Opelousas, and the greater part of Attacapas, is most 
admirably adapted to the rearing of cattle, and has hitherto been used almost 
exclusively for that purpose. Many of the richer planters on the Teche and 
Vermilion, have stock farms established on Mermantau and Calcasiu rivers, 
and count their cattle by the thousand. 

The population is principally confined to the settlements on the Mississippi. 
In the upper settlements the inhabitants are principally Canadians ; in the 
middle, Germans ; and in the lower, French and Spaniards. A few years since 
a majority of the inhabitants were Roman Catholics. The clergy of this 
order, however, are not numerous ; and the constant introduction of emigrants 
from the north is effecting a rapid revolution in all the institutions of the 
country. 

In journeying from New Orleans to the mouth of Sabine river, we meet 
with men in every stage of civilization. In New Orleans, and other places on 
the banks of the Mississippi, the sugar and cotton planters live in splendid 
edifices, and enjoy all the luxury that wealth can impart. In Attacapas and 
Opelousas, the glare of expensive luxury vanishes, and is followed by substan- 
tial independence. In the western parts of Opelousas are found herdsmen and 
hunters ; the cabins are rudely and hastily constructed, and the whole scene 
recalls to the imagination the primeval state of society. 

The exports from Louisiana are not confined to its own produce. The bulky 
articles of all the western states go down the Mississippi, and are cleared out 
at New Orleans. The value of the exports in 1804, was $1,600,362 ; in 
1806, $3,887,323; in 1815, $5,102,610; in 1817, $13,501,036; and in 
1829, $12,386,000. 

A canal was completed in 1831, connecting New Orleans with Canal ' 
lake Ponchartrain. It is 4| miles long, perfectly straight, and its 
ascent and descent are only 16 inches. 

There are 10 banks and branches in this state; 5 at New Orleans, 1 at 
Baton Rouge, 1 at Donaldson, 1 at Opelousas, 1 at Alexandria, and one at St. 
Francisville. 

There are colleges at Jackson and New Orleans. In 1827, the Education 
legislature made a grant to each parish in the state, of $2 62^ to . 
every voter, to be applied to the education of the indigent ; the amount for 
one parish not to exceed $1,350, nor to fall short of $800. In consequence of 
this act, nearly $40,000 are annually appropriated to the education of the 
poor. 

The number of periodical papers in 1831 was 12. 

Q 



122 LOUISIANA. 

Reii ions ^ e Catholic religion is predominant in Louisiana, and there are 
denomina- Catholic churches in all the considerable villages ,* but there are few 

tions. Protestant churches in the state. 

The Mississippi was discovered by Marquette and Joliette, two 
1S ory - French missionaries, in 1673. In 1682, the country was explored by 
La Salle, and named Louisiana in honor of Louis XIV. A French settlement 
was begun at Iberville in 1699, and in 1717 New Orleans was founded. 

In 1803, the extensive country of Louisiana, comprising all the territory now 
belonging to the United States, lying west of the Mississippi, was purchased of 
France for the sum of $15,000,000 ; and in 1812, the southern portion of this 
country was admitted into the Union as an independent state. 

In the latter part of the last war between Great Britain and the United States, 
a very formidable armament invaded the territory of Louisiana, with a view to 
the capture of New Orleans. Several thousand volunteers from the adjoining 
country hastened to the relief of the city, and their energies were ably directed 
by general Jackson. Four engagements took place, in all of which the British 
were decisively repulsed. In the last of these, which occurred on the 8th of 
January, 1815, the loss of the enemy was so great, that he withdrew the 
remainder of his forces, and desisted from the hopeless attempt. 
Constitution The constitution of this state was formed in 1812. The legisla- 
and govern- tive power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, both 

ment * together styled The General Assembly of the State of Louisiana. The 
representatives are elected for two years on the first Monday, Tuesday, and 
Wednesday in July. Their number cannot be less than 25, nor more than 50 ; 
and they are apportioned according to the number of electors, as ascertained 
by enumeration every four years. The members of the senate are elected for 
four years ; one-half being chosen every two years, at the time of the election 
of the representatives. The state is divided into 16 senatorial districts, in each 
of which one senator is chosen. The executive power is vested in a governor, 
who is elected for the term of four years. The people give their votes for a 
governor at the time and place of voting for representatives and senators ; and 
on the second day of the succeeding session of the general assembly, the two 
houses, by a joint ballot, elect for governor one of the two candidates who 
have the greatest number of votes. The governor's term of office commences 
on the fourth Monday succeeding his election. The general assembly meets 
(since 1829, at Donaldson or Donaldsonville) annually, on the first Monday in 
January ; except in the years of the election of president of the United States, 
when it meets on the 3d Monday in November. The right of suffrage is pos- 
sessed by every white male citizen of the United States, of the age of 21 years, 
who has resided in the county in which he offers to vote one year next preced- 
ing the election, and who in the last six months prior to said election has paid 
a state tax. The judiciary power is vested in a supreme court, which possesses 
appellate jurisdiction only, and such inferior courts as the legislature may 
establish. The judges are appointed by the governor, with the advice and con- 
sent of the senate, and hold their offices during good behavior. 

The governor's salary is $7,000. This state sends three representatives to 
congress. 



TENNESSEE. 



123 



TENNESSEE. 

Boundaries Bounded N. by Kentucky ; E. by North Carolina ; S. by Georgia, 
our anes. Alabama, and Mississippi ; and W. by Mississippi river, which sepa- 
rates it from Arkansas territory. It lies between 35° and 36° 30' N. lat. and 
between 4° 30' and 10° W. long. It is 430 miles long, 104 broad, and con- 
tains 40,000 square miles, or 25,600,000 acres. 

TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



West Tennessee. 



Counties. 


Pop. 1820. 


Pop. 1830. 


County Towns. 


Dist. from 
Nashville 


Bedford 


m 


16,012 


30,444 


Shelbyville 


52 


Carroll 


w 




9,378 


Huntingdon 


109 


Davidson 

Nashville, town 


m 


20,154 


22,523 
5,566 


> Nashville 




Dickson 


wm 


5,190 


7,261 


Charlotte 


40 


Dyer 


w 




1,904 


Dyersburg 


168 


Fayette 


sw 




8,654 


Sompwillp 

UUliiCI V J.11C3 


184 


Fentress 


n 




2,760 


Jamestown 


131 


Franklin 


s 


16,571 


15,644 


Winchester 


82 


Gibson 


w 




5,801 


Trenton 


139 


Giles 


s 


12,558 


18,920 


Pulaski 


77 


Hardiman 


sw 




11,628 


Roli'var* 


158 


Hardin 


sw 


1,462 


4,867 


Savannah 


112 


Haywood 


w 




5,356 


Brownsville 


275 


TT 1 

Henderson 


wm 




8,741 


Lexington 


130 


Henry 


nw 




12,230 


Paris 


108 


Hickman 


m 


6,080 


8,132 


Vernon 


66 


Humphreys 


wm 


4,067 


6,189 


R p vn nl fl «;hn vcrh 


77 


Jackson 


n 


7,593 


9,902 


Ga inpshovniicrl") 


79 


Lawrence 


s 


3,271 


5,412 


Lawrenceburgh 


75 


Lincoln 


s 


14,761 


22 086 


Fa vpttpvillp 


73 


Madison 


w 




11,750 


Jackson 


147 


Maury 


m 


22,141 


28,153 


Columbia 


42 


McNairy 


s 




5,697 


Purdv 


128 


Montgomery 


n 


12,219 


14 365 


C^larlccivillp 


46 


Obion 


nw 




2^093 


Troy 


161 


Overton 


n 


7,188 


8,246 


Monroe 


109 


Perry 


wm 


2,384 


7,038 


Shannonsville 


114 


Robertson 


n 


7,270 


13,302 


Springfield 


25 


Rutherford 


m 


19,552 


26,133 


Murfreesborough 


33 


Shelby 


sw 


354 


5,652 


Memphis 


224 


Smith 


n 


17,580 


21,492 


Carthage 


52 


Sumner 


n 


19,211 


20,606 


Gallatin 


25 


Stewart 


nw 


8,397 


6,988 


Dover 


81 


Tipton 


w 




5,317 


Covington 


197 


Warren 


m 


10,348 


15,351 


McMinnville 


74 


Wayne 


s 


2,459 


6,013 


Waynesborough 


92 


Weakley 


nw 




4,796 


Dresden 


132 


White 


m 


8,701 


9,967 


Sparta 


92 


Williamson 


m 


20,640 


26,608 ; 


Franklin 


18 


Wilson 


nm 


18,730 


25,477 


Lebanon 


31 


40 Total of W.Tenn. 


287,501 


488,448 of whom 124,492 are slaves. 



124 



TENNESSEE. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. — Continued. 



East Tennessee. 



Counties. 


Pop. 1820. 


Pop. 1830. 


County Towns. 


Dist. from 
Nashville. 




in 


4,468 


5,312 


Clinton 


195 


Bledsoe 
Blount 

tA III LF UCH 

Carter 


m 
e 
n 

ne 


4,005 
11,258 
4,244 

4,835 


6,448 
11,027 
5,110 

6,418' 


Pikeville 
Marysville 
Jacksonborough 
Elizabethtown 


109 
197 
215 
316 


Claiborne 

Cocke 

Granger 

8— I n YYi 1 1 f r^n 
X -LdllJllKJll 


n 
f 

c 

em 
e 

sem 


5,508 
4,892 
7,651 
11,221 
821 


8,470 
6,048 
10,066 
14,410 

2,274 


Tazewell 
Newport 
Rutledge 
Greenville 
Hamilton C. H. 


243 
247 
232 
273 
148 


f— 1 n ui/lnn a 
j-Xci w iviiib 

Jefferson 
Knox 


ne 
e 
em 


10,949 
8,953 
13,034 


13,683 
11,799 
14,498 


Rogersville 

Dandridge 

Knoxville 


264 
229 
199 


McMinn 

Marion 

Monroe 


sem 
s 

se 


1,623 

3,888 


14,497 
5,516 
13,709 


Athens 
Jasper 
Madisonville 


153 
114 
168 


Morgan 
Rhea 


n 

em 


1,676 
4,215 


2,582 
8,182 


Montgomery 
W ashington 


46 
129 


Roane 


e 


7,895 


11,340 


Kingston 


159 


Sevier 


e 


4,772 


5,117 


Sevier C. H. 


225 


Sullivan 
Washington 


ne 
e 


7,015 
9,557 


10,073 

10,995 


Blountsville 
Jonesborough 


306 
298 


22 Total ofE. 1 


enn. 


135,312 


196,374, of whom 17,890 are slaves. 



Population. Slaves. 

West Tennessee - - 488,448 - - - 124,492 
East Tennessee - - 196,374 - - - 17,890 



Total of Tennessee, 684,822 142,382 

Population at different Periods. 

Population. Slaves. 

1800, 105,642 13,584 

1810, 261,727 Increase from 1800 to 1810, 156,125 44,535 

1820, 420,813 — 1810 1820, 159,086 80,107 

1830, 684,822 — 1820 1830, 264,009 142,382 

Towns ^ e cn ^ e ^ towns are Nashville, Knoxville, Murfreesboro', Clarks- 
ville, Fayetteville, Columbia, Newport, Shelbyville, Jonesboro', 
Gallatin, Franklin, Winchester, Memphis, Jackson, Pulaski, Lebanon, Car- 
thage, Charlotte, Reynoldsburg, Springfield, Huntsville, Jonesboro', Maryville, 
Clinton, Kingston, M'Minnville, and Williamsburg. 

Nashville is the metropolis and capital. 

Rivers ^~^ e P rmc *P a l r i vers are Mississippi, Tennessee, Cumberland, 
neis. Qjjjjpjj^ X) uc k ? Holston, French-Broad, No.tahacky, Hiwassee, Tellico, 
Reelfoot, Obion, Forked Deer, Wolf, and Elk river. 

Tennessee is washed by the great river Mississippi on the west, and the fine 
rivers Tennessee and Cumberland pass through it in very serpentine courses. 
The western part is undulating ; some of it level ; in the middle it is hilly ; and 
the eastern part, known by the name of East Tennessee, abounds in mountains, 
many of them lofty, and presenting scenery peculiarly grand and picturesque. 
Of these mountains the Cumberland, or great Laurel Ridge, is the most remark- 
able. Stone, Yellow, Iron Bald, Smoky, and Unaka mountains, join each 



TENNESSEE. 



125 



other, and form in a direction nearly north-east and south-west, the eastern bound- 
ary of the state. North-west of these, and separated from each other by valleys 
of from 5 to 15 miles wide, are Bay's Mountain, Copper Ridge, Clinch Mountain, 
Powell's Mountain, and Welling's Ridge. The last four terminate north of Ten- 
nessee river. They are all encircled by valleys, which open passages for rivers 
and roads, and which together with the numerous cascades, render the views 
very sublime. Caves of great depth and extent are found throughout the state. 

The geological formation of this state is wholly secondary, except a small 
portion of the eastern part, which is transition, and numerous spots on the 
banks of rivers, which are alluvial. A considerable portion of the state is bed- 
ded on lime-stone. A large deposit of gypsum has been lately discovered. Cop- 
peras, alum, nitre, and lead are among the minerals. Some silver has been 
found. Coal is supposed to be plentiful. Saltpetre is so abundant as to form 
a great article of commerce. There are several mineral springs, and many 
valuable salt springs. 

The soil in a country so uneven must be very various. The western part 
of the state has a black, rich soil ; in the middle are great quantities of excel 
lent land ; in the eastern, part of the mountains are lean, but there are many 
fertile valleys. There is a great profusion of natural timber, poplar, hickory, 
walnut, oak, beach, sycamore, locust, cherry, sugar-maple, &c, and in many 
places are great quantities of cane remarkably thick and strong. The state 
also abounds with medicinal plants, such as snake-root, ginseng, Carolina pink, 
angelica, senna, annise, spikenard, &c. Tennessee is also well supplied with 
animals and birds of various kinds, and the rivers abound in divers sorts of 
fish. 

The climate is generally healthy. In East Tennessee, the heat is so tempered 
by the mountain air on one side, and by refreshing breezes from the Gulf of 
Mexico on the other, that this part of the state has one of the most desirable 
climates in North America. The middle part resembles Kentucky in climate. 

The winter in Tennessee resembles the spring in New England. Snow 
seldom falls to a greater depth than 10 inches, or lies longer than 10 days. 
Cumberland river has been frozen over but three times since the country was 
settled. Cattle are rarely sheltered in winter. 

In the western parts there are some low bottoms on which the inhabitants 
are subject to bilious fevers, and fever and ague in the autu*mn. 

The great business of the state is agriculture. The soil produces abundantly 
cotton and tobacco, which are the staple commodities. The inhabitants also 
raise a plentiful supply of grain, grass, and fruit. They export cotton, tobacco, 
and flour, in considerable quantities ; also saltpetre, and many other articles. 
The principal commerce is carried on through the Tennessee and Cumberland 
rivers, and from them through the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans. This 
state also supplies Kentucky, Ohio, &c, with cotton for inland manufactures ; 
and from East Tennessee considerable numbers of cattle are sent to the sea- 
ports on the Atlantic. 

There are only 3 banks in this state, including a branch of the United States 
Bank at Nashville, " The Bank of the State," and a private bank of Yeatman 
Woods & Co., all at Nashville. 

The state penitentiary is near Nashville, built in 1831, at an expense of 
about $50,000. It is 3 stories high, 310 feet in length, and 50 feet in width, 
containing solitary cells. 

Nashville University, at Nashville, is a respectable institution, with Education 
considerable endowments. East Tennessee College is at Knoxville. uca 10n * 
Greenville College, the oldest in the state, is at Greenville ; and there is a theo- 
logical school at Maryville. 

The Cherokee Indians possess that part of the state which lies to the south 
•of the Tennessee and Hiwasse rivers. These Indians have made much pro- 



126 TENNESSEE. 

gress in the arts of civilized life, and pay considerable attention to education, 
There are several missionary stations among them, of which one of the most 
considerable is Brainerd. 
Religious ^ ne Baptists in this state have 11 associations, 214 churches, 141 
denomina- ministers, and 11,971 communicants ; the Methodists, 125 preachers, 
lons * and 38,242 members ; the Presbyterians, 105 churches, 60 minis- 
ters, 20 licentiates, and 6,814 communicants; the Lutherans, 10 ministers. 
The Cumberland Presbyterians, computed at about 100,000, reside chiefly in 
Tennessee and Kentucky. 

The number of periodical papers in this state is 20. 

The earliest settlements in this state were made between the years 
I& ° iy " 1765 and 1770, by emigrants from North Carolina and Virginia. 
The country was included within the limits of North Carolina till 1790, 
when it was placed under a separate territorial government, denominated 
the " Territory South of the Ohio ;" and in 1796, the inhabitants formed a 
constitution, and Tennessee was admitted into the Union as an independent 
state. 

Constitution ^ e const itution of this state was formed at Knoxville, in 1796. 
and govern- The legislative authority is vested in a General Assembly, consisting 

ment - of a senate and house of representatives ; and the members of both 
houses are elected biennially on tjie first Tuesday and Friday in August. The 
number of representatives is 60, who are apportioned among the different coun- 
ties according to the number of taxable inhabitants. The number of senators 
cannot be less than one third, nor more than one half of the number of repre- 
sentatives. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected at the 
same time with the senators and representatives ; and who holds his office for 
the term of two years, but is not eligible more than six years in any term of 
eight. The general assembly meets (at Nashville) biennially, on the third 
Monday in September, next following the election ; and it may be called to- 
gether, if necessary, at other times, by the governor. 

The right of suffrage is granted to every freeman of the age of 21 years, 
possessing a freehold in the county where he offers his vote, and to every free- 
man who has been an inhabitant of any one county in the state six months 
immediately preceding the day of election. 

The judiciary power is vested in such superior and inferior courts, as the 
legislature may, from time to time, direct and establish. The judges are 
appointed by a joint ballot of both houses, and hold their offices during good 
fcehavior. 

The governor's salary is 2,000 dollars. 

This state sends thirteen representatives to congress. 



KENTUCKY. 

Kentucky is bounded N. by Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio ; E. by Virginia ; 
S. by Tennessee ; and W. by the Mississippi. It extends from lat. 36° 30' to 
39° 10' N. and from 5° to 10° W. long, from Washington. Length on the 
southern line, 300 miles. % Extent, 39,000 square miles, or 24,960,000 acres. 



KENTUCKY. 



127 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND TOWNS. 



Counties. 


Population. 


Towns. 


Pop. 


Dist. from 
Frankfort. 


Adair 


sm 


8,220 


Columbia 


422 


91 


Allen 


s 


6,486 


Scottsville 


180 


151 




171 


4,542 


Lawrenceburg 


320 


12 


Barren 


swm 


14,821 


Glasgow 


617 


126 


Bath 


em 


8,799 


i Owingsville 
> Sharpsburg 


241 
158 


73 
62 


Boone 


n 


9,012 




Burlington 
" Paris 


276 
1,219 


72 
43 


Bourbon 


nem 


18,434 




Millersburg 
Middletown 


470 
195 


50 
53 


Bracken 


n 


6,392 




Augusta 
' Hardinsburg 


691 
316 


73 
118 


R rp.ckpn y\ c\ p*p 


W771 


7,345 




Cloverport 


194 


129 










Stephenport 


64 


116 


ovum 


3,055 


Morp-antown 


76 


141 


Bullitt 


nwm 


5,660 




i Shepherdsville 
Mt. Washington 


278 
226 


74 
56 


Caldwell 


w 


8,332 




i Princeton 
1 Eddyville 


366 
167 


229 
241 


(!nllnwnv 


sw 


5,159 


Vv dUcSDOrOUgll 


163 


262 


Campbell 


n 


t7,CJi70 


\ 1\ c W poi C 

I Covington 


717 
743 


79 
79 


Casey 


7tl 


4,342 


Liberty 


118 


66 


Christian 


SW 


12,694 


Hopkinsville 


1,263 


206 


Olarkp 


Tit 


13,052 


Winchester 


620 


45 


Clay 




3,549 


Manchester 


159 


115 


Cn m ripvl a n rl 

W Hill UC1 ICLilU 


g 


8,636 


Burkesville 


340 


119 


Davies 


wm 


5,218 


Owensborough 


229 


150 


Rrlmnnrl<jnn 

-LJU.il 1U11U.OU1X 


SWm 


2,642 


Brownsville 


125 


138 


Estill 


em 


4,618 


Irvine 


91 


71 


Fayette 


m 


95 174. 


{ Lexington 
{ Athens 


6,104 
134 


25 
35 


TnpmiTny 

-L lV^XXllXXii 


Tie 


13,493 


Flemingsburg 


642 


79 


Floyd 


g 


4,266 


P.restonsburg 


81 


142 


Franklin 


m 


9,251 


{ Frankfort 

{ South Frankfort 


1,680 
307 




Gallatin 


n 


6,680 


Port William 


324 


57 


VJ dJ. I Cli u 


7TL 


11,870 


Lancaster 


570 


52 


X G11J.O 


IVIll 


2,987 


Williamstown 


197 


44 




SW 


2,503 


' Mayfield 


44 


284 


fi-Vf, v?nn 

v.* i civ oUil 


Will 


3,876 


Litchfield 


166 


110 


Greene 


m 


13 71 ft 


i Greensburg 
I Campbellsville 


665 
126 


90 
78 


Greenup 


ne 


5,853 


Greenupsburg 


204 


132 


Hancock 


wm 


1,494 


Hawsville 




130 


Hardin 


wm 


13,148 


Elizabethtown 


601 


80 


Harlan 


se 


2,928 


Harlan C. H. 




168 








' Cynthiana 


977 


38 


Harrison 


nm 


13,180 




Leesburg 


138 


28 








' Clayville 


48 


50 


Hart 


swm 


5,292 




| Munfordsville 
► Woodsonville 


193 

48 


105 



128 



KENTUCKY. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND TOWN S. — Continued. 



Counties. 


Population. 


Towns. 


Pop. 


Dist. from 
Frankfort. 


Henderson 


w 


6,649 


Hendersonville 


483 


180 


Henry 


nm 


11,395 


New Castle 


539 


37 


Hickman 


sw 


5,193 




Clinton 
Columbus 


ol 

186 


QAQ 

oUO 


Hopkins 


ID 


6 763 


Madisonville 


-no 








f Louisville 






Jefferson 


nwm 


24,002 


! Shippingport 

1 Portland 

L Williamsville 


607 

QflQ 

ovo 
70 


54 


Jessamine 


m 


9,961 


{ Nicholasville 
I North Liberty 


/I A A 

409 
62 


Q7 
Ol 


Knox 


se 




Barboursville 


1 OA 

lo9 




Laurel 


sem 


2,182 


i Hazle Patch 
( London 


15 


102 


Lawrence 


e 


3,897 


Louisa 


87 


127 






C Clarksburg 


62 


Oft 

yo 


Lewis 


ne 


^ 900 




Vanceburg 
Concord 


34 


QQ 


Lincoln 


m 


11,012 




\ Stanford 

1 Crab Orchard 


0£» O 
OOO 

OQ/1 

<<S04 


Ol 
Ol 


Livingston 


w 


6,607 




\ Salem 
1 Smithland 


254 

OOO 


245 
260 


Logan 


s 


13,002 


Russellville 


1,358 


171 


McCracken 


w 


1,298 


{ Wilmington 
\ Paducah 


1 A 

12 
105 


9ft9 

279 


Madison 


m 


18,035 


Richmond 


947 


50 


Mason 


n 


16,203 




I Washington 
1 Maysville 


Q/JO 

OOO 


00 

07 


Meade 


wm 


4,111 




Brandenburg 
' Harrodsburg 


331 
1,001 


90 
9.0 


Mercer 


TJl 


17,606 


i 


Danville 
Perryville 
„ Salvisa 


QA O 

04y 

OQQ 
/500 

170 

to 


40 
AO 
91 


Monroe 


S 


5,125 


Tompkinsville 


220 


144 


Montgomery 


m 


10,221 




I Mount Sterling 
> Jeffersonville 


ool 

OQ 

00 


OO 


Morgan 


em 


2,857 


West Liberty 


50 


107 


Muhlenberg 


swm 




Greenville 




1/1 








C Bardstown 


1,625 


55 


Nelson 


wm 


14,916 


< Bloomfield 
( Fairfield 


301 

OQ 


44 

4fcO 


Nicholas 


nem 


8,832 


Carlisle 


430 


58 


Ohio 


wm 


/I Q1Q 


Hartford 
f Westport 




A A 


Oldham 


nm 


9,563 


! Bedford 
1 Brownsville 
L La Grange 


i 0 &. 
57 
27 


53 

41 

35 


Owen 


nm 


5,792 


i Owenton 
( New Liberty 


143 
161 


28 
36 


Pendleton 


n 


3,866 


Falmouth 


207 


60 


Perry 


se 


3,331 


Perry C. H. 




148 


Pike 


e 


2,677 


Pikeville 


49 


165 



KENTUCKY. 



129 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND TOWNS. — Continued. 



Counties. 



Pulaski 
Rockcastle 

Russell 

Scott 

Shelby 

Simpson 
Spencer 

Todd 

Trigg 

Union 
Warren 



sm 
sem 

sm 

nm 

nm 



w 
swm 



Population. 



9,522 



3,883 



6,099 
6,815 

8,801 

5,889 

4,435 
10,947 



Washington m 

Wayne s 
Whitely se 

Woodford m 
Total 



Towns 



Somerset 231 

Mount Vernon 142 

i Jamestown 67 

\ Creelsburg 37 

Georgetown 1,344 

C Shelby ville 1,201 

< Simpsonville 77 

{ Christiansburg 78 

Franklin 280 

Taylorsville 248 

{ Elkton 382 

I Trenton 178 

( Cadiz 168 

( Canton 146 

Morganfield 292 

Bowling- Green 815 

f Springfield 618 

I Lebanon 384 

<! Mackville 83 

Fredericksburg 58 

Newmarket 43 

Monticelio 207 
i Whitely C. H. 

( Williamsburg 50 

\ Versailles 904 

I Mortonsville 145 
688,8447 of whom 165,350 are slaves. 



3,807 
12,294 



Pop. 



Dist. from 
Frankfort. 



85 
73 
109 
110 
17 
21 
29 
15 
165 
35 
186 
200 
226 
235 
205 
145 
50 
59 
44 
59 
65 
110 
130 

13 
20 



The above Table contains all the towns and villages in Kentucky of which the population 
is given in the Census of 1830. When two or more towns are given for the same county, 
the one placed first is the seat of justice. 



Population. 

In 1790, 73,677 

1800, 220,959 

1810, 406,511 

1820, 564,317 



Population at different Periods. 



Increase from 1790 to 1800, 147,282 



1800 
1810 
1820 



1810, 185,552 
1820, 147,806 
1830, 124,527 



Slaves. 

12,430 
43,344 
80,561 
120,732 
165,350 



The principal rivers of Kentucky are the Ohio, which flows along the state 
637 miles, following its windings; the Mississippi, Tennessee, Cumberland, 
Kentucky, Green, Licking, Big Sandy, Salt, and Rolling. 

Cumberland mountains form the south-east boundary of this state. The 
eastern counties, bordering on Virginia, are mountainous and broken. A tract 
from 5 to 20 miles wide, along the banks of the Ohio, is hilly and broken land, 
interspersed with many fertile valleys. Between this strip, Green river, and the 
eastern counties, lies what has been called the garden of the state. This is the 
most populous part, and is about 150 miles long, and from 50 to 100 wide, and 
comprises the counties of Mason, Fleming, Montgomery, Clarke, Bourbon, Fay- 
ette, Scott, Harrison, Franklin, Woodford, Mercer, Jessamine, Madison, Garrard, 
Casey, Lincoln, V/ ashington, and Green. The surface of this district is agree- 
ably undulating, and the soil black and friable, producing black walnut, black 
cherry, honey locust, buckeye, pawpaw, sugar-tree, mulberry, elm, ash, cotton 

R 



130 



KENTUCKY. 



wood, and white thorn. The country between Green and Cumberland rivers 
is called " the barrens." In 1800 the legislature of Kentucky made a gratuitous 
grant of this tract to actual settlers, under the impression that it was of little 
value ; but it proves to be excellent land ; and hogs and cattle are raised in 
abundance. The whole state, below the mountains, rests on an immense bed 
of limestone, usually about eight feet below the surface. There are every- 
where apertures in this limestone, through which the waters of the rivers sink 
into the earth. The large rivers of Kentucky, for this reason, are more dimin- 
ished during the dry season, than those of any part of the United States, and 
the small streams entirely disappear. The banks of the rivers are natural 
curiosities ; the rivers having generally worn very deep channels in the calca- 
reous rocks over which they flow. The precipices formed by Kentucky river 
are in many places awfully sublime, presenting perpendicular banks of 300 feet 
of solid limestone, surmounted with a steep and difficult ascent, four times as 
high. In the south-west part of the state, between Green river and the Cumber- 
land, there are several wonderful caves. 

The principal productions of Kentucky are hemp, tobacco, wheat, and Indian 
corn. Salt springs are numerous, and supply not only this state, but a great 
part of Ohio and Tennessee, with this mineral. The principal manufactures 
are cloth, spirits, cordage, salt, and maple sugar. Hemp, tobacco, and wheat 
are the principal exports. These are carried down the Ohio and Mississippi to 
New Orleans, and foreign goods received from the same place in return. Louis- 
ville, on the Ohio, is the centre of this trade. The introduction of steamboat 
navigation on the Ohio has been of incalculable benefit to the commercial and 
manufacturing interests of Kentucky. 

There is a tract of country in the south-western part of the state, east and 
north of Cumberland river, and watered by Green and Barren rivers, about 10O 
miles in extent, called the barrens, which, a few years since, was a beautiful 
prairie, destitute of timber. It is now covered with a young growth of various 
kinds of trees. These, however, do not prevent the growth of grass, and an 
almost endless variety of plants, which are in bloom during the whole of the 
spring and summer ; when the whole region is a wilderness of the most beau- 
tiful flowers. The soil is of an excellent quality, being a mixture of clay, loam, 
and sand. Through this country there runs a chain of conical hills, called knobs, 

Horses are raised in great numbers, and of the noblest kinds. A handsome 
horse is the highest pride of a Kentuckian, and common farmers own from ten 
to fifty. Great numbers are carried over the mountains to the Atlantic states ; 
and the principal supply of saddle and carriage horses in the lower country is 
drawn from Kentucky, or the other western states. The horses are carried 
down in flat boats. Great droves of cattle are also driven from this state, over 
the mountains, to Virginia and Pennsylvania. 

In 1828 the value of the cattle, horses, and swine, driven out of the state, 
numbered and valued at one point of passage, the Cumberland ford, was a 
million dollars. The returns of the value of exports, agricultural and manu- 
factured, in 1829, wanted a number of counties of comprising the whole state; 
but this partial return gave 2,780,000 dollars. 

Mammoth For a very interesting account of this stupendous wonder, we are 
cave. indebted to Dr. Nathan Ward, who published it in the Monthly 
Magazine, of October, 1816. It is situated in Warren county, and in a terri- 
tory not mountainous, but broken, differing in this respect from all the other 
caverns hitherto known. The doctor, provided with guides, two large lamps, a 
compass, and refreshments, descended a pit forty feet deep, and one hundred 
and twenty in circumference ; having a spring of fine water at the bottom, and 
conducting to the entrance of the cavern. The opening, which is to the north, 
is from forty to fifty feet high, and about thirty in width. It narrows shortly 
after, but again expands to a width of thirty or forty feet, and a height of 



KENTUCKY. 



131 



twenty, continuing these dimensions for about a mile to the first hoppers* 
where a manufactory of saltpetre has recently been established. Thence to 
the second of these hoppers, two miles from the entrance, it is forty feet in 
width, and sixty in height. Throughout nearly the whole of the distance hand- 
some walls have been made by the manufacturers, of the loose stones. The 
road is hard, and as smooth as a flag pavement. In every passage which the 
doctor traversed, the sides of the cavern were perpendicular, and the arches, 
which have bid defiance even to earthquakes, are regular. In 1802, when the 
heavy shocks of earthquakes came on, which were so severely felt in this part 
of Kentucky, the workmen stationed at the second hoppers, heard, about five 
minutes before each shock, a heavy rumbling noise issue from the cave, like a 
strong wind. When that ceased, the rocks cracked, and the whole appeared to 
be going in this moment to final destruction. However, none was injured, al- 
though large portions of rock fell in different parts of the cavern. 

In advancing into the cavern, the avenue leads from the second hoppers, 
west, one mile ; and thence, south-west, to the chief area or city, which is six 
miles from the entrance. This avenue, throughout its whole extent from the 
above station to the cross-roads, or chief area, is from sixty to one hundred feet 
in height, of a similar width, and nearly on a level, the floor or bottom being 
covered with loose lime-stone, and saltpetre earth. When, observes the doctor, 
I reached this immense area, (called the chief city,) which contains more than 
eighty acres, without a single pillar to support the arch, which is entire over the 
whole, I was struck dumb with astonishment. Nothing can be more sublime 
and grand than this place, of which but a faint idea can be conveyed, covered 
with one solid arch at least one hundred feet high, and to all appearance entire. 

Having entered the area, the doctor perceived five large avenues leading from 
it, from sixty to one hundred feet in width, and about forty in height. The 
stone walls are arched, and are from forty to eighty feet perpendicular in height 
before the commencement of the arch. 

In exploring these avenues, the precaution was taken to cut arrows pointing 
to the mouth of the cave, on the stone beneath the feet, to prevent any difficulty 
in the return. The first which was traversed, took a southerly direction for 
more than two miles ; when a second was taken, which led first east, and then 
north, for more than two further. These windings at length brought the party, 
by another avenue, to the chief city again, after having traversed different 
avenues for more than five miles. Having reposed for a few moments on the 
slabs of lime-stone near the centre of this gloomy area, and refreshed them- 
selves and trimmed their lamps, they departed a second time, through an avenue 
almost north, parallel with the one leading from the chief city to the mouth of 
the cavern ; and, having proceeded more than two miles, came to a second city. 
This is covered with a single arch, nearly two hundred feet high in the centre, 
and is very similar to the chief city, except in the number of its avenues which 
are two only. They crossed it over a very considerable rise in the centre, and 
descended through an avenue which bore to the east, to the distance of nearly 
a mile, when they came to a third area, or city, about one hundred feet square, 
and fifty in height, which had a pure and delightful stream of water issuing 
from the side of a wall about thirty feet high, and which fell on a broken sur- 
face of stone, and was afterwards entirely lost to view. 

Having passed a few yards beyond this beautiful sheet of water, so as to 
reach the end of the avenue, the party returned about five hundred yards, and 
passing over a considerable mass of stone, entered another, but smaller avenue 
to the right, which carried them south through a third, of an uncommonly black 
hue, rather more than a mile ; when they ascended a very steep hill about sixty 
yards, which conducted them to within the walls of the fourth city. It is not 

* A hopper is an inverted cone, into which grain is put at a mill, before it runs between 
the stones. 



132 



KENTUCKY. 



inferior to the second, having an arch which covers at least six acres. In this 
last avenue, the extremity of which cannot be less than four miles from the 
chief city, and ten from the mouth of the cavern, are more than twenty large 
piles of saltpetre earth on the one side, and broken lime-stone heaped on the 
other, evidently the work of human hands. 

From the course of his needle, the doctor expected that this avenue would 
have led circuitously to the chief city, but was much disappointed when he 
reached the extremity, at a few hundred yards' distance from the fourth city. 
In retracing his steps, not having paid a due attention to mark the entrances of 
the different avenues, he was greatly bewildered, and once completely lost him- 
self for nearly fifteen or twenty minutes. . Thus, faint and wearied, he did not 
reach the chief area till ten at night ; but was still determined to explore the 
cavern as long as his light should last. Having entered the fifth and last avenue 
from the chief area, and proceeded south-east about nine hundred yards, he 
came to the fifth area, the arch of which covers more than four acres of level 
ground, strewed with lime-stone, and having fire-beds of uncommon size, sur- 
rounded with brands of cane, interspersed. Another avenue on the opposite 
side, led to one of still greater capacity, the walls or sides of which were more 
perfect than any that had been noticed, running almost due south for nearly a 
mile and a half, and being very level and straight, with an elegant arch. While 
the doctor was employed at the extremity of this avenue, in sketching a plan 
of the cave, one of his guides, who had strayed to a distance, called on him to 
follow. Leaving the other guide, he was led to a vertical passage, which opened 
into a chamber at least 1800 feet in circumference, and the centre of the arch 
of which was 150 feet in height. 

It was past midnight when he entered this chamber of eternal darkness ; and 
when he reflected on the different avenues through which he had passed since 
he had penetrated the cave at eight in the morning, and now found himself 
buried several miles in the dark recesses of this awful cavern — the grave per- 
haps of thousands of human beings — -he felt a shivering horror. The avenue, 
or passage which led from it, was as large as any he had entered ; and it is 
uncertain how far he might have travelled had not his light failed him. All 
those who have any knowledge of this cave, he observes, conjecture that Green 
river, a stream navigable several hundred miles, passes over three of its branches. 

After a lapse of nearly an hour, he descended by what is called the " passage 
of the chimney," and joined the other guide. Thence returning to the chief 
area or city, where the lamps were trimmed for the last time, he entered the 
spacious avenue which led to the second hoppers. Here he found various curi- 
osities, such as spars, petrifactions, &c. ; and these he brought away, together 
with a mummy, which was found at the second hoppers. He reached the mouth 
of the cave about three in the morning, almost exhausted with nineteen hours 
of constant fatigue. He nearly fainted on leaving it, and on inhaling the vapid 
air of the atmosphere, after having so long breathed the pure air, occasioned 
by the nitre of the cave ; his pulse beat stronger when within, but not so quick 
as when on the surface. 

Here the doctor observes, that he has hardly described half the cave, not 
having named the avenues between the mouth and the second hoppers. This 
part of his narrative is of equal interest with what has been already given. He 
states that there is a passage in the main avenue, more than nine hundred feet 
from the entrance, like that of a trap-door ; by sliding aside a large flat stone, 
you can descend sixteen or eighteen feet in a very narrow defile, where the 
passage comes on a level, and winds about in such a manner, as to pass under 
the main passage without having any communication with it, at length opening 
into the main cave by two large passages just beyond the second hoppers. This 
Fs called the " glauber-salt room," the bat room, and the flint room, together 
with a winding avenue, which, branching off at the second hoppers, runs west 



KENTUCKY. 



133 



and south-east for more than two miles. It is called tho " haunted chamber," 
from the echo within ; its arch is very beautifully incrusted with lime-stone 
spar ; and in many places the columns of spar are truly elegant, extending from 
the ceiling to the floor. Near the centre of this arch is a dome, apparently fifty 
feet high, hung in rich drapery, festooned in the most fanciful manner, for six 
or eight feet from the hangings, and in colors the most rich and brilliant. By 
the reflections of one or two lights, the columns of spar and the stalactites have 
a very romantic appearance. Of this spar a large cellar, called " Wilkins' arm 
chair," has been formed in the centre of the avenue, and encircled with many 
smaller ones. The columns of spar, fluted and studded with knobs of spar 
and stalactites ; the drapery of various colors superbly festooned, and hung in 
the most graceful manner ; these are shown with the greatest brilliancy by the 
reflection of the lamps. 

In the vicinity of the " haunted chamber" the sound of a cataract was heard ; 
and at the extremity of the avenue was a reservoir of water, very clear, and 
grateful to the taste, apparently having neither inlet nor outlet. Here the air, 
as in many other parts of the cave, was pure and delightful. Not far from the 
reservoir, an avenue presented itself, within which were several columns of the 
most brilliant spar, sixty or seventy feet in height, and almost perpendicular, 
standing in basins of water ; which, as well as the columns, the doctor observes, 
surpasses in splendor and beauty, every similar work of art he had ever seen. 

Returning by a beautiful pool of water, the doctor came to the second hop- 
pers, where he had found the mummy before alluded to. It had been removed 
from another cave, for preservation, and was presented to him by his friend, 
Mr. Wilkins, together with the apparel, jewels, music, &c. with which it was 
accompanied. It has since been placed in the Washington Museum, the pro- 
prietor of which thinks it probable that this mummy is as ancient as the immense 
mounds of the western country, which have so much astonished the world. 

The state penitentiary, at Frankfort, contained, in September, 1830, Penitenti 
101 convicts. This institution was formerly an expense to the state; ary and nos- 
but since 1825, under the management of its present keeper (Mr. Joel p,tals - 
Scott), it has more than supported itself. At Lexington there is a Lunatic Asy- 
lum ; at Danville, an Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb ; at Louisville and Smith- 
land, on the Ohio, hospitals for sick and disabled boatmen. 

A canal about two miles long, around the falls of the Ohio, at Louis- 
ville, was finished in 1831, and during 104 days, before it was closed ana ' 
by the ice, 827 boats, of 76,000 tons, passed through, of which 406 were steam- 
boats. A rail-road is in progress from Lexington to the Ohio. 

The Bank of the United States has oflices of discount and deposit Bank9 
at Lexington and Louisville. 

There are two banks chartered by the state, namely, the Bank of Kentucky 
and the Bank of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, at Frankfort, formerly hav- 
ing branches in other places ; but they have withdrawn all their branches, and 
are now winding up their accounts. The state owns a part of the stock of the 
former of the two banks, and the whole of that of the latter. 

Transylvania University, in Lexington, is the oldest and most cele- Education 
brated institution in the western states, and has medical and law 
schools connected with it. Centre College is established at Danville ; Augusta 
College, at Augusta; Cumberland College, at Princeton ; and St. Joseph's CoL 
lege, a respectable Catholic seminary, at Bairdstown. 

The number of periodical papers in 1831 was 25. 

The Baptists in this state have 25 associations, 442 churches, 289 Re] . ioug 
ministers, and 37,520 communicants ; the Methodists, 77 preachers, denomina- 
and 23,935 members ; the Presbyterians, 103 churches, 61 ministers, tions ' 
9 licentiates, and 7,832 communicants ; the Roman Catholics, about 30 priests , 



134 



KENTUCKY. 



the Episcopalians, 5 ministers ; the Cumberland Presbyterians are also numer- 
ous in Kentucky. 

The first permanent settlement of this state was begun on Ken- 
IS ° ry ' tucky river, in 1775, by the famous Daniel Boone, a native of Mary- 
land. It formed a part of Virginia till 1790 ; and in 1792, it was erected into 
an independent state. 

Constitution ^ n ^ e se P ara ^ on of Kentucky from Virginia, in 1790, a constitu- 
and govern- tion was adopted which continued in force till 1799, when a new one 

ment. was formed instead of it ; and this is now in force. The legislative 
power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, which together are 
styled The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The repre- 
sentatives are elected annually, and are apportioned, every four years, among 
the different counties according to the number of electors. Their present num- 
ber is 100, which is the highest number that the constitution authorizes ; 58 
being the lowest. The senators are elected for four years, one quarter of them 
being chosen annually. Their present number is 38 ; and they cannot exceed 
this number, nor fall short of 24. The executive power is vested in a governor, 
who is elected for four years, and is ineligible for the succeeding seven years 
after the expiration of his term of office. At the election of governor, a lieu- 
tenant-governor is also chosen, who is speaker of the senate, and on whom the 
duties of the governor devolve, in case of his absence or removal. The repre- 
sentatives and one quarter of the members of the senate are elected annually by 
the people, on the first Monday in August ; the governor is elected by the peo- 
ple, every fourth year, at the same time ; and he commences the execution of 
his office on the fourth Tuesday succeeding the day of the commencement of the 
election at which he is chosen. The polls are kept open three days ; and the 
votes are given openly, or viva voce, and not by ballot. The general assembly 
meets (at Frankfort) annually on the first Monday in November. The consti- 
tution grants the right of suffrage to every free male citizen (people of color 
excepted), who has attained the age of 21 years, and has resided in the state 
two years, or in the county where he offers his vote, one year, next preceding 
the election. The judiciary power is vested in a supreme court, styled the 
court of appeals, and in such inferior courts as the general assembly may, from 
time to time, erect and establish. The judges of the different courtSj and jus- 
tices of the peace, hold their offices during good behavior. 

The salary of the governor is 2,000 dollars. 

This state sends 13 representatives to congress. 



OHIO. 

Length 210 miles; mean breadth, 200 miles: containing 40,000 square 
miles, and 25,000,000 acres. Between 38° 30' and 41° 19' N. latitude ; and 
between 3° 31' and 7° 41' W. from Washington. Bounded on the N. by the 
territory of Michigan, and Lake Erie ; E. by Pennsylvania ; S. E. by Virginia, 
from which it is separated by the Ohio ; S. by the Ohio, which separates it 
from Virginia and Kentucky; and W. by Indiana. 



OHIO. 



135 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



Counties. 


Pop. 1830. 


Sq. M. 


County Towns. 


Pop. 


Dist from 
Columbus 


Adams 


s 


12,278 


550 


Wpst Union 

»» VjOL \_J XXX*_FXX 


49Q 


101 


Allen 


wm 


578 


542 


Wapaghkonetta 




110 


Ashtabula 


ne 


i a 5,04. 


705 




270 


191 


Athens 


se 


9,763 


744 


A thpns 


72Q 


73 


Belmont 


e 


28 4-1 2 


536 


St. Olairsville 


78Q 


124 


Brown 


s 


17,867 


492 


Gpnrcrptnwn 

V--* V^VyX ^> V\J VV XX 


325 


104 


Butler 


sw 


27 044 


486 


Hamilton 

AXCXlXlXXH_fXX 


1 097 


101 


Champaign 


wm 


12,130 


417 


Urbana 


1 102 


50 


Clark 


swm 


13,074 


412 


Snvincfipld 

pX IXX£ilXOALl 


1 080 


43 


Clermont 


sw 


20,466 


515 


Rn ta via 

i J (A (, ( (. V Xd. 


426 


109 


Clinton 


sm 


11,292 


400 


W 1 1 m i n crton 

» . XlXXXXXXil tv^xx 


607 


67 


Columbiana 


e 


35 508 


865 


INTpw T .1 <3r~lOn 


i 1 38 


152 


Coschocton 


em 


11,162 


562 


Coshopton 


333 


84 


Crawford 


nm 


4 778 


584 




298 


69 


Cuyahoga 


ne 


10,360 


475 


Cleaveland 


1 076 


138 


Dark 


w 


6,203 


660 


Greenville 


160 


103 


Delaware 


m 


± X j'J^iu 


610 


T)pl n wa vp 

1 /UlcL VV ui t/ 


532 


23 


Fairfield 


m 


24,788 


540 


Lancaster 


1 530 


28 


Fayette 


sm 


8,180 


415 


^Vashington 


300 


45 


Franklin 


m 


14,766 


520 


f /OT.TT iVTTiTTS: 


9 437 




Gallia 


s 


9,733 


495 


Gallinoli<=! 


755 


108 


Geauga 


ne 


15,813 


600 


( /harnnn //t?/iwqm , ?t» 

V_yXXCll IIUXX, CUlUItOll'OJJ 


ft81 
oox 


157 


Green 


swm 


15,084 


416 


Xenia 


919 


57 


Guernsey 


em 


18 036 


621 


Oa m bfi d crA 

V^M-XXi LFX lU^D 


51 8 

tlX o 


83 


Hardin 


wm 




500 


Hardy 




66 


Hamilton 


sw 


52,321 


400 


Cmpinnati 

V_xXXX^XXXXXClH 


94 831 


112 


Hancock 


nwm 


813 


575 


Findla v 

x_ ixxvuxct y 


52 


114 


Harrison 


e 


20 920 


450 


Cadiz 


ft90 


124 


Henry 


nw 


260 


474 


i In mncpnQ 
x_/cxixJcloCLlo 




161 


Highland 


sm 


i fi 247 


555 


a — 1 "ill o ni~ivr*n n*n 
JLXIxlSUUx UUglx 


5R4 


74 


Hocking 


sm 


4 008 


439 


XjVJtlCtXX 


Q7 


47 


Holmes 


m 


Q 1 33 


400 


l'XiiUvi a u ui g 


91 Q 


80 


Huron 


n 


13,345 


840 


lVorwalk 


31 0 


113 


Jackson 


s 


5,974 


4-Q2 


T fi plrcnn 


99Q 


74 


Jefferson 


e 


22,489 


400 


Stpn Vipnvillp 


9 Q37 


149 


Knox 


m 


17 124 


61 0 


IVT mint Vprnoti 

1HWLIIJL VCxxxtJIl 


1 091 


45 


Lawrence 


s 


5,366 


426 


Burlington 


1 49 

X *±£7 


135 


Licking 


m 


20,864 


uuu 


IXC VVctl X\. 


OQQ 


34 


Lorain 


n 


5,696 


555 


Elyria 


668 


130 


Logan 


wm 


6,442 


425 


Rpllp T^nntninp 

XJCIIC X UxxlallxC 




62 


Madison 


m 


6,190 


448 


1 /PiirlnTi 

XJUXlLlUxi 


94Q 


27 


Marion 


m 


6,558 


527 


Ma vion 


987 


47 


Medina 


nem 


7,560 


473 
'-tit) 


ViPninn //l^/iweni'n 
ivjicuixxct, lUU/lloltojJ 


fi99 


111 


Meigs 


se 


6 1 5Q 


405 


( hocfn v 

WiXCblCI 




Q4 


Mercer 


w 


1,110 


570 


St Marv'<=; 


Q9 


111 


Miami 


wm 


12,806 


444 


Trov 


504 


78 


Monroe 


se 


8,770 


563 


Woodsfield 


157 


140 


Montgomery 


wm 


24,252 


450 


Dayton 


2,965 


66 


Morgan 


se 


11,796 


500 


McConnelsville 


267 


70 


Muskingum 
Paulding 


m 


29,325 


664 


Zanesville 


3,094 


59 


nw 


160 


432 








Perry 


sm 


14,018 


402 


Somerset 


576 


46 



136 



OHIO. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. — Continued. 



Counties. 


Pop. 1830. 


Sq. M. 


County Towns. 


Pop. 


Dist. . from 
Columbus. 


Pickaway 


Tfl 


15,935 


495 


Circleville 


1,136 


26 


riKe 


S 


6,024 


414 


Piketon 


271 


65 


Portage 


tip 
lit* 


18,827 


752 


Ravenna, township 


806 


127 


i re Die 


w 


16,255 


432 


Eaton 


511 


92 


Putnam 


71W 


230 


576 


Sugar Grove 




148 


Richland 


717/1 


24,007 


900 


Mansfield 


840 


71 


Ross 


S7TI 


24,053 


672 


Chillicothe 


2,846 


45 


Sandusky 


71 


2,851 


656 


Lower Sandusky 


351 


103 


Scioto 


S 


8,730 


581 


Portsmouth 


1,064 


91 


Seneca 


71771 


5,148 


546 


Tiffin 


248 


85 


one my 
o tar k 


W771 


3,671 


418 


Sydney 


240 


86 


€771 


26,784 


780 


Canton 


1,257 


116 


Trumbull 


ne 


26,154 


875 


Warren 


510 


157 


Tuscarawas 


em 


14,298 


654 


New Philadelphia 


410 


107 


Union 


em 


3,192 


430 


Marysville 


142 


37 


Van Wert 


71W 


49 


432 


Willshire 




14o 


Warren 


swm 


21,493 


400 


Lebanon 


1,157 


83 


Washington 


se 


11,731 


670 


Marietta 


1,207 


106 


Wayne 


nm 


23,344 


660 


Wooster 


977 


86 


Williams 


71W 


377 


600 


Defiance 


52 


175 


Wood 


nw 


1,095 


744 


Perrysburg 


182 


135 




Total 


937,679 


40,150 









Population at different Periods. 

Population. 

In 1790, about 3,000 

1800, 45,365 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 43,365 

1810, 230,760 1800 1810, 195,395 

1820, 581,434 1810 1820, 350,674 

1830, 937,637 1820 1830, 356,203 

The rivers which flow into Lake Erie on the north, are Maumee, Sandusky, 
Huron, Vermilion, Black, Cuyahoga, Grand, and Ashtabula ; those in the 
south flowing into the Ohio, are the Muskingum, Hockhocking, Little and 
Great Miami. The Au-Glaize and St. Mary's in the western part of the state, 
are branches of the Maumee. 

The interior and northern parts of the country, bordering on Lake Erie, are 
generally level, and in some places marshy. Nearly one-third of the eastern and 
south-eastern part is very hilly and broken. The hills are exceedingly numer- 
ous, but they seldom rise into considerable mountains. Immediately upon the 
banks of the Ohio, and several of its tributaries, are numerous tracts of interval 
or meadow land, of great fertility. In the interior, on both sides of the Scioto, 
and on the Great and Little Miami, are perhaps the most extensive bodies of 
level and rich land in the state. In many parts there are large prairies, par 
ticularly on the head waters of the Muskingum and Scioto, and between the 
Scioto and the two Miamis. Some of these prairies are low and marshy, pro- 
ducing large quantities of coarse grass, from 2 to 5 feet high ; some of which 
is of a tolerably good quality : other prairies are elevated, and are frequently 
called barrens ; not always on account of their sterility, for they are often fer- 
tile. The most elevated tracts of country between the rivers, are the wettest 
and most marshy in the state ; and the driest land is that which borders on the 
various streams of water. Among the forest trees, are oak of various species, 
maple, hickory, beach, birch, poplar, sycamore, ash, pawpaw, buck-eye, 
cherry, &c. 



OHIO. 



137 



Wheat is the staple of the state. Other sorts of grain, various kinds of fruit, 
grass, hemp, and flax, are extensively cultivated. From 70 to 100 bushels of 
Indian corn, it is said, have, in many instances, been produced in a year 
from one acre. 

Coal is found in great quantities in the eastern parts. 
Iron ore has been discovered and wrought pretty ex- 
tensively in several places, particularly on the south 
of Licking river, 4 miles west of Zanesville, on Brush 
creek, and in some other places. Salt springs are found 
on some of the eastern waters of Muskingum, and on 
Salt creek, 28 miles south-east of Chillicothe, where there 
are considerable salt works. 

The summers are warm and pretty regular, though 
somewhat subject to tornadoes. Spring and autumn are 
very pleasant ; and the winters generally mild. In some 
parts near the marshes and stagnant waters, the inhab- 
itants are subject to the fever and ague ; but the climate, 
generally, is accounted remarkably healthy. 

Ohio takes the lead among the western states with 
regard to manufactures. Some of the most important 
manufacturing towns are Cincinnati, Zanesville, Steu- 
benville, and Chillicothe. 

The building of ships has been commenced in this state* 
for the purpose of carrying its produce to market. These 
are laden at spring-flood, and descend the rivers in per- 
fect safety to the Atlantic, whence they proceed to the 
West Indies, or other parts, where they are disposed of, 
both vessel and cargo. The first ships built here were 
in 1802, at Marietta. Their frames were almost wholly 
of black walnut, which is said to be as durable as the 
live-oak. All the materials for ship-building abound in 
this country. 

The exports from this state consist of flour, corn, 
hemp, flax, beef, pork, smoked hams of venison, 
whisky, peach-brandy, and lumber. 

More than half of the exports go to New Orleans ; but 
much is sent to New York and other Atlantic cities. 

The Ohio Canal forms a communication between the 
river Ohio, at Portsmouth, and lake Erie, at Cleaveland, 
320 miles in length. 

The Miami Canal, which is completed from Cincin- 
nati to Dayton, 65 miles, has 22 locks, and cost 
$746,000, about 811,000 a mile. It extends through 
the richest portion of the state, and is tho channel of an 
extensive trade. 

The Bank of the United States has an office of dis- 
count and deposit at Cincinnati ; and under the authority 
of the state are the following banks, namely, the banks 
of Chillicothe, Marietta, St. Clairsville, Steubenville, 
Mount Pleasant, and Canton ; Franklin Bank of Colum- 
bus, at Columbus ; Lancaster Ohio Bank, at Lancaster ; 
Urbana Banking Company, at Urbana ; Bank of Scioto, 
at Portsmouth ; and Western Reserve Bank, at Warren. 

The principal literary seminaries in this 
state are the University of Ohio, at Athens ; EducatIon - 
Miami University, at Oxford; Western Reserve Col- 

S 



1 



Cuyahoga R- 



! Akron 



Bethlehem 

Zoar 
Dover 
JiT. Phila. 

Gnadenhution 



Coshocton 



Newark 



'Deep Cut 



M Circleville 



Chillicothe 



Piketon 



138 



OHIO. 



lege, at Hudson ; Kenyon College, at Gambier ; and the Medical College of 
Ohio, at Cincinnati. 

A system of common schools has been lately introduced by law into this 
state. " An act to provide for the support and better regulation of common 
schools" was passed by the legislature in March, 1831, " to take effect and be 
in force from and after the first day of May" following. This act declares, 
" that a fund shall be raised in the several counties in the state for the use of 
common schools, for the instruction of the white youth of every class and 
grade, without distinction, in reading, writing, and arithmetic, and other 
necessary branches of education; — that for this purpose there shall be an- 
nually levied and assessed upon the ad valorem amount of the general list of 
taxable property in each county of the state, the property of blacks and mu- 
lattoes excepted, three fourths of a mill on the dollar ; that the trustees of each 
incorporated township in this state, where the same has not been already done, 
shall lay off their township into school districts in a manner most convenient 
for the population." Further provisions are made for carrying the system 
into effect. 

Religious ^ ne Presbyterians in this state have 346 churches, 192 ministers, 
denomina- 11 licentiates, and 22,150 communicants; the Baptists, 14 associa- 
tlons * tions, 240 churches, 140 ministers, and 8,801 communicants ; the 
Methodists, 91 preachers, and 36,064 members ; the Lutherans, 37 ministers 5 
and 8,706 communicants ; the Associate Presbyterians, 65 congregations, 20 
ministers, and 4,225 communicants ; the German Reformed, 82 congregations, 
and 3,750 communicants ; the Episcopalians, 16 ministers ; the New Jerusa- 
lem Church, 4 societies ; there are also a considerable number of Friends and 
Roman Catholics, some Universalists, Unitarians, and Shakers. 
The number of periodical papers, in 1831, was estimated at 150. 

The first permanent settlement of Ohio was commenced at Ma- 
1S ° r ' rietta, in 1788 ; in 1789, the country was put under a territorial go- 
vernment, and called the Western Territory, which name was afterwards al- 
tered to the Territory North-west of the Ohio; and in 1802, it was erected 
into an independent state, 
constitu- ^ ne const i tut i° n of this state was formed at Chillicothe, in 1802. 
tion and go- The Legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of Repre- 
vernment. sen t a ^ V es, which together are styled The General Assembly of the 
State of Ohio. 

The representatives are elected annually on the second Tuesday in October ; 
and they are apportioned among the counties according to the number of white 
male inhabitants above 21 years of age. Their number cannot be less than 
36, nor more than 72. The senators are chosen biennially, and are appor- 
tioned according to the number of white male inhabitants of 21 years of age. 
Their number cannot be less than one third, nor more than one half of the 
number of representatives. 

The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people 
for two years, on the second Tuesday in October ; and his term of service 
commences on the first Monday in December. 

The general assembly meets annually (at Columbus), on the first Monday in 
December. 

The right of suffrage is granted to all white male inhabitants, above the age 
of 21 years, who have resided in the state one year next preceding the elec- 
tion, and who have paid, or are charged with, a state or county tax. 

The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, in courts of common pleas 
for each county, and such other courts as the legislature may, from time to 
time, establish. The judges are elected by a joint ballot of both houses of the 
general assembly for the term of 7 )^ears. 

This state sends 19 representatives to congress. Governor's salary, $1,200. 



INDIANA. 



139 



INDIANA. 

Length, 250 miles; breadth, 150. Between 37° 47' and 41° 50' N. lat. 
and 7° 45' and 11° W. Ion. Bounded north by Michigan Territory and lake ; 
east by Ohio ; south by Ohio river ; and west by Illinois. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



Counties. 


Pop. 1830. 


County Towns. 


Dist. from 
Indianapolis 


Allen 


ne 


1,000 


T? 4- TT7" 

.bort Wayne 


141 


Bartholomew 


m 


5,480 


Columbus 


41 


Boon 


swm 


622 


Thorntown 


61 


Carroll 




1,614 


Delphi 


oo 


Cass 




1,154 


Logansport 


llo 


Clark 


s 


10,719 


Charlestown 


105 


Clay 


w 


1,616 


Bowling- Green 


69 


Clinton 




1,423 


Frankfort 




Crawford 


s 


3,184 


Fredonia 


122 


Daviess 


SW7TL 


4,512 


Washington 


106 


Dearborn 


se 


14,573 


Lawrenceburg 


no 

98 


Decatur 


sem 


5,854 


Greensburg 


55 


Delaware 


em 


2,372 


Muncytown 


59 


Dubois 


sw?n 


1,774 


Portersville 


124 


Elkhart 




935 


Pulaski 




Fayette 


em 


9,112 


Connersville 


68 


Floyd 


se 


6,363 


AT A n 

New Albany 


121 


Fountain 


w 


7,644 


Covington 


81 


Franklin 


se 


10,199 


Brookville 


70 


Gibson 


sw 


5,417 


Princeton 


141 


Greene 


swn 


4,253 


Bloomneld 


iff* 
76 


Hamilton 


m 


1,750 


JNoblesville 


22 


Hancock 


m 


1,569 


Greenfield 


21 


Harrison 


se 


10,288 


Corydon 


124 


Hendricks 


m 


3,967 


Danville 


OA 

20 


Henry 


em 


6,498 


New Castle 


49 


Jackson 


sm 


4,894 


.Hrownstown 


69 


Jefferson 


se 


11,465 


Madison 


oo 


Jennings 


sem 


3,950 


Vernon 


64 


Johnson 


m 


4,139 


Franklin 




Knox 


V) 


6,557 


Vincennes 


126 


Lawrence 


sm 


9,237 


rledford 


73 


Madison 


m 


2,442 


Andersontown 




Marion 


m 


7,181 


INDIANAPOLIS 




Martin 


sm 


2,010 


Mount Pleasant 


121 


Monroe 


sm 


6,578 


Bloomington 


51 


Montgomery 


wm 


7,386 


Crawfordsville 


44 


Morgan 


m 


5,579 


Martinsville 


30 


Orange 


sm 


7,909 


Paoli 


94 


Owen 


wm 


4,060 


Spencer 


52 


Parke 


w 


7,534 


Rockville 


68 


Perry 


s 


3,378 


Rome 


143 


Pike 


sw 


2,464 


Petersburg 


119 


Posey 


sw 


6,883 


Mount Vernon 


187 


Putnam 


wm 


8,195 1 Green Castle 


42 



140 



INDIANA. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. — Continued. 



Counties. 


Pop. 1830. 


County Towns. 


Dist. from 
Indianapolis. 


Randolph 


e 


3,912 


Winchester 


97 


Ripley- 


sem 


3,957 


Versailles 


79 


Rush 


em 


9,918 


Rushville 


40 


St. Joseph 


n 


287 


1 arecoopy 




Scott 


se 


3,097 


New Lexington 


89 


Shelby 


m 


6,294 


Shelbyville 


30 


Spencer 


s 


3,187 


Kockport 


167 


Sullivan 


w 


4,696 


Merom 


115 


Switzerland 


s 


7,111 


Vevay 


105 


Tippecanoe 


nwm 


7,167 


Lafayette 


70 


Union 


e 


7,957 


Liberty 


77 


Vanderburgh 


sw 


2,610 


Evansville 


170 


Vermilion 


w 


o,70o 


Newport 


86 


Vigo 


w 


5,737 


'T'oyyo TTantp 

J-*-/l.Xw X J- CI Li LVy 


83 


Wabash 


nwm 


Elk Heart Plain 


196 


Warren 


w 


2,854 


Williamsport 




Warwick 


sw 


2,973 


Boonville 


187 


Washington 


sm 


13,072 


Salem 


91 


Wayne 


e 


18,587 


Centerville 


63 


64 Total 




341,582 







Population at different Periods* 

Population. Slaves. 

In 1800, 5,641 133 

1810, 24,520 Increase from 1800 to 1810, 18,879 237 

1820, 147,178 1810 1820, 122,658 190 

1830, 341,582 1820 1830, 194,404 0 

Towns This state has had a rapid increase of inhabitants ; yet the greater 
part of the land within its limits still belongs to the United States. 
The following, having the population annexed for 1831, are some of the most 
considerable towns : — New Albany, about 2,500 ; Madison, about 2,000 ; Vin- 
cennes, about 1,800; Richmond, about 1,500; Indianapolis, about 1,200; 
Salem, about 1,000. 

The principal rivers are the Ohio, Wabash, White River, Whitewater, Tip- 
pecanoe, Illinois, Plein, Theakiki, St. Joseph's, and St. Mary's. 

There are no mountains in Indiana ; the country, however, is more hilly 
than the territory of Illinois, particularly towards Ohio river. A range of 
hills, called the Knobs, extends from the falls of the Ohio to the Wabash, in a 
south-west direction, which in many places produces a broken and uneven sur- 
face. North of these hills lie the flat woods, 70 miles wide. Bordering on all 
the principal streams, except the Ohio, there are strips of bottom and prairie 
land ; both together from 3 to six miles in width. Between the Wabash and 
lake Michigan, the country is mostly champaign, abounding alternately with 
wood-lands, prairies, lakes, and swamps. 

A range of hills runs parallel with the Ohio, from the mouth of the Great 
Miami to Blue River, alternately approaching to within a few rods, and re- 
ceding to the distance of two miles. Immediately below Blue River, the hills 
disappear, and there is presented to view an immense tract of level land, co- 
vered with a heavy growth of timber. North of the Wabash, between Tippe- 
canoe and Ouitanan, the banks of the streams are high, abrupt, and broken, 
and the land, except the prairies, is well timbered. Between the Plein and 
Theakiki, the country is flat, wet, and swampy, interspersed with prairies of 



INDIANA. 



141 



an inferior soil. The sources of rivers are generally in swamps or lakes, and 
the country around them is low, and too wet for cultivation. 

There are two kinds of prairies, the river and the upland prairies ; the 
former are bottoms destitute of timber, and are said to exhibit vestiges of 
former cultivation; the latter are from 30 to 100 feet more elevated, and are 
far more numerous and extensive. Some of them are not larger than a com- 
mon field, while others extend farther than the eye can reach. They are usu- 
ally bounded by heavily timbered forests, and not unfrequently adorned with 
copses of small trees. In spring and summer, they are covered with a luxuri- 
ant growth of grass and fragrant flowers, from 6 to 8 feet high. The soil of 
these plains is often as deep and fertile as the best bottoms. The prairies bor- 
dering on the Wabash are particularly rich. Wells have been dug in them 
where the vegetable soil was 22 feet deep, under which was a stratum of fine 
white sand. The ordinary depth is from 2 to 5 feet. 

The principal productions of this state are wheat, Indian corn, rye, oats, 
barley, buckwheat, potatoes, pulse, beef, pork, butter, whiskey, and peach 
brandy. 

Not far from Big Blue River there is a large cave, the entrance of which is 
on the side of a hill, that is about 400 feet high. Here are found great quanti- 
ties of sulphate of magnesia, or Epsom salt, and of nitre, &c. 

The climate is generally healthy and pleasant, resembling that of Ohio. 
The Wabash is frozen over in the winter, so that it may be safely crossed on 
the ice. 

In the southern part of Indiana there is a remarkable cave, which abounds 
in Epsom salts, and which is thus described by Mr. Adams. — " The hill in 
which it is situated is about 400 feet high from the base to the most elevated 
point, and the prospect to the south-east, in a clear day, is exceedingly fine, 
commanding an extensive view of the hills and valleys bordering on Big Blue 
River. The top of the hill is covered principally with oak and chestnut. The 
side to the south-east is mantled with cedar. The entrance is about mid-way 
from the base to the summit, and the surface of the cave preserves in general 
about that elevation ; although I must acknowledge this to be conjectural, as no 
experiments have been made with a view to ascertain the fact. It is probably 
owing to this middle situation of the cave, that it is much drier than is common. 

" After entering the cave by an aperture 12 or 15 feet wide, and in height, 
in one place, 3 or 4 feet, you descend with easy and gradual steps into a large 
and spacious room, which continues about a quarter of a mile, varying in 
height from 8 to 30 feet, and in breadth from 10 to 20. In this distance the 
roof is in some places arched, in others a plane, and in one place it resembles 
the inside view of the roof of a house. At the distance above named, the cave 
forks, but the right hand fork soon terminates, while the left rises by a flight 
of rocky stairs, nearly 10 feet high, into another story, and pursues a course 
at this place nearly south-east. Here the roof commences a regular arch, the 
height of which from the floor varies from 5 to 8 feet, and the width of the 
cave from 6 to 12 feet, which continues to what is called the ' creeping-place,' 
from the circumstance of having to crawl 10 or 12 feet into the next large 
room. From this place to the pillar, a distance of about one mile and a 
quarter, the visitor finds an alternate succession of large and small rooms, 
variously decorated; sometimes travelling on a pavement, or climbing over 
huge piles of rocks, detached from the roof by some convulsion of nature. 
The aspect of this large and stately white column, as it heaves in sight from 
the dim reflection of the torches, is grand and impressive. Visitors have 
seldom pushed their inquiries further than 200 or 300 yards beyond this pillar. 
This column is about 15 feet in diameter, from 20 to 30 feet high, and regularly 
reeded from the top to the bottom." 



142 



INDIANA. 



Education ^ college has been established at Bloomington : it has a philo- 
' sophical and a chemical apparatus, and a foundation has been laid 
for a respectable library. One 36th part of the public lands has been appro- 
priated for the support of schools. 

There are 20 periodical papers published in this state. 

Religious ^e Baptists in this state have 11 associations, 181 churches, 
denomina- 127 ministers, and 6,513 communicants; the Methodists, 34 preach- 
10nb " ers, and 13,794 members; the Presbyterians, about 50 churches and 
20 ministers. 

History Vincennes was settled about the beginning of the last century by 
French emigrants from Canada, and long remained a solitary vil- 
lage. Few settlements were made in the country by citizens of the United 
States till the end of the century. In 1801, Indiana was erected into a terri- 
torial government, and, in 1816, into a state. It has been settled chiefly by 
emigrants from the eastern and middle states, and has had a rapid growth. 

Constitu- ^ ne executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by 
tion and go- the people for a term of three years, and may be once re-elected. At 

einmen . eyer y e } ec ^ on 0 f governor, a lieutenant-governor is also chosen, who 
is president of the senate, and on whom, in case of the death, resignation, or 
removal of the governor, the powers and duties of that office devolve. 

The legislative authority is vested in a general assembly, consisting of a 
senate, the members of which are elected for three years, and a house of re- 
presentatives, elected annually. The number of representatives can never be 
less than 36, nor more than 100 ; and they are apportioned among the several 
counties according to the number of white male inhabitants above 21 years of 
age. The number of senators, who are apportioned in like manner, cannot be 
less than one third nor more than one half of the number of representatives. 

The representatives and one third of the members of the senate, are elected 
annually on the first Monday in August ; and the governor is chosen on the 
same day, every third year. The general assembly meets annually (at In- 
dianapolis) on the first Monday in December. The right of suffrage is granted 
to all male citizens of the age of 21 years or upwards, who may have resided 
in the state one year immediately preceding an election. The judiciary power 
is vested in one supreme court, in circuit courts, and in such other inferior 
courts as the general assembly may establish. The supreme court consists of 
three judges ; and each of the circuit courts consists of a president and two 
associate judges. The judges are all appointed for the term of 7 years. The 
judges of the supreme court are appointed by the governor, with the consent 
of the senate ; the presidents of the circuit courts, by the legislature ,* and the 
associate judges are elected by the people. 

The salary of the governor is 1000 dollars. 

This state sends 7 representatives to congress. 



ILLINOIS. 

Length, 350 miles ; breadth, 180 : between 37° and 42° 30' N. latitude, and 
10° 20' and 14° 21' W. longitude. It contains 50,000 square miles, and nearly 
40,000,000 acres. Bounded on the north by the North-Western Territory. 
East by lake Michigan, Indiana, and the river Wabash. South by the Ohio, 
which separates it from Kentucky ; and west, in its whole extent, by the Mis- 
sissippi, which separates it from Missouri, and the Missouri Territory. 



ILLINOIS. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



Counties. 


Population. 


County Towns. 


Dist. from 
Vandalia. 


Ann in C? 


u 


2,186 


Quincy 


193 


ixieXallUel 




1,390 


America 


181 


JDOX1Q 


U077 


3,124 


Greenville 


20 




U 


1,090 


Gilead 


126 




t 
C 


3,940 


Clark C. H. 


86 


oiay 


€77 


755 


Maysville 


46 


1^11111.011 


S77 


2,330 


Carlyle 


30 


V^l dWlOI U 


£ 


3,113 


Palestine 


118 


Ed°"ar 




4,071 


Paris 


106 


JCjU.Wd.lUb 




1,649 


Albion 


92 


L ct y c L it; 


77 


2,704 


Vandalia 




Hvq nlrl in 
JL la.lllS.lXU 




4,081 


Frankfort 


102 


J? UllOIl A 


7177 




Fulton C. H. 


133 


neiiiy > 


1 i 


2,156 


Middletown 




Knox j 


TlTti 




Knox C. H. 


188 


(Gallatin 


S€ 


7,407 


Equality 


137 


vji ecu 


W 


7,664 


Carrollton 


106 


TTarniltori 


S6 


2,620 


McLeanborough 


93 


iXcllxCUL/xv. 


W 


484 


Venus 


133 


J dUlv&Ull 


&w 


1,827 


Brownsville 


127 


1 PTTPrcnn 
o ollol J5U11 


STTi 


2,555 


Mount Vernon 


65 


J U-JL/Cl V IC&o 


7VW 


2,111 


Galena 


326 


J UIIUSUU 


& 


1,596 


Vienna 


167 


T .a wppti^P 

JLiCl W 1 




3,661 


Lawrenceville 


84 


TVTFir»annin 
lyicicci u u in 


771 


1,989 


Carlinville 


95 


TVTpT .pan 






Bloomington 




TVTa r>r»n 


11)771 


1,122 


Decatur 


70 


Madison 


W 


6,229 


Edwardsville 


55 


TVTa vi An 
ividiiuil 


S771 


2,021 


Salem 


26 


Mercer 


71W 


26 






Monroe 


W 


2,119 


Waterloo 


99 


Mon t cromPT" v 


771 


2,950 


Hillsborough 


28 


Morcran 


W771 


12,709 


Jacksonville 


115 


Macdonough ^ 


W771 


2,050 


Macomb 




Schuyler K 


W771 


Rushville 


172 


Peoria i 


71771 


1,309 


Peoria 


43 


Putnam \ 


71 


Hennepin 




Perry 


S771 


1,215 


Pinckneyville 


129 


Pike 


W 


2,393 


Atlas 


148 


Pope 


S6 


3,323 


Golconda 


160 


Ranr!nlr>h 


SUO 


4,436 


Kaskaskia 


95 


St Clair 


IV 


7,092 


Belleville 


71 


SariD'aTYinn 


771 


12,960 


Springfield 


79 


Shelby 


771 


2,973 


Shelbyville 


40 


Tazewell 


m 


4,716 


Mackinaw 


149 


Union 


SW 


3,239 


Jonesborough 


154 


Vermilion 


e 


5,836 


Tk_ '11 

Danville 


150 


Wabash 


e 


2,709 


Mount Carmel 


109 


Warren 


nw 


307 


Warren 




Washington 


sm 


1,674 


Nashville 




Wayne 


sem 


2,562 


Fairfield 


69 


White 


se 


6,091 


Carmi 


94 


52 Total 


157,575, of whom 746 are slaves. 



144 



ILLINOIS. 



Population at different Periods* 

Population. Slaves, 

In 1810, 12,282 168 

1820, 55,211 Increase from 1810 to 1820, 42,929 917 

1830, 157,575 1820 1830, 102,364 746 

Illinois was admitted into the Union in 1818, and contained that year, by- 
enumeration, 35,220 inhabitants. 

The Mississippi, Ohio, and Wabash form about two thirds of the whole bound- 
ary of this state. The other most considerable rivers are the Illinois, Kaskas- 
kia, Muddy, Saline, Little Wabash, Michilimackinack, Crow Meadow, Rainy, 
Vermilion, Mine, Spoon, Rocky, and Sangamoin. 

The peninsula between the Mississippi and Illinois rivers, has been surveyed 
for military bounty lands. Congress appropriated for this object 3,500,000 
acres ; and the surface actually surveyed amounts to an area about equal to 240 
townships, each 6 miles square; equal to 8,640 square miles, or 5,530,000 
acres, nearly. It was necessary that the number surveyed should exceed the 
number appropriated, as the act of congress provides that the several portions 
granted shall be fit for cultivation. These lands are described as being very 
good. 

The southern and middle parts of the state are for the most part level. The 
banks of the Illinois and Kaskaskia, in some places, present a sublime and 
picturesque scenery. Several of their tributary streams have excavated for 
themselves deep and frightful gulfs, particularly those of the Kaskaskia, whose 
banks near the junction of Big Hill Creek, present a perpendicular front of solid 
lime-stone 140 feet high. The north-western part of the territory is a hilly, 
broken country, though there are no high mountains. The climate resembles 
that of Indiana and Ohio. The low and wet lands in the southern part are 
unhealthy. 

The soil has been divided into six distinct kinds. 1. Bottom land, bearing a 
heavy growth of honey locust, pecan, black-walnut, beach, sugar maple, buck- 
eye, pawpaw, grape vines, &c. This land is of the first quality, and is found 
in greater or less quantities on all the considerable rivers. It is of inexhaust- 
ible fertility, and is annually cultivated without manure. 2. Newly formed 
land, found at the mouths and confluences of rivers. It produces sycamore, 
cotton wood, water maple, water ash, elm, willow, oak, &c. There are many 
thousand acres of this land at the mouth of the Wabash, and at the confluence 
of the Ohio with the Mississippi. It is annually inundated, and is unhealthy. 
3. Dry prairies, approaching the rivers and bordering on the bottom land, from 
30 to 100 feet higher, and from 1 to 10 miles wide. These prairies are desti- 
tute of trees, except where they are intersected by streams of water and occa- 
sional tracts of woodland. It has been estimated that as much as two thirds of 
the whole state consists of open prairie. The dry prairie has a black rich soil, 
well adapted to purposes of agriculture, and is covered with rank grass. 4. 
Wet prairie, found remote from streams, or at their sources. This is generally 
cold and unproductive, abounding with swamps and ponds, covered with tall 
coarse grass. 5. Land covered with timber, moderately hilly, well watered, 
and of a rich soil. 6. Hills, of a sterile soil and destitute of timber, or covered 
with stinted oaks and pines. 

The prevailing forest tree in Illinois is oak, of which as many as 13 or 14 
different species have been enumerated. Honey locust, black-walnut, mulber- 
ry, plum, sugar maple, black locust, elm, bass wood, beach, buck-eye, hack- 
berry, coffee nut, sycamore, spice wood, sassafras, black and white haws, crab- 
apple, wild cherry, cucumber, and pawpaw, are found in their congenial soils 
throughout the state. White pine is found on the head branches of the Illinois. 

Copper and lead are found in several parts of the state. Coal has been dis- 



ILLINOIS. 145 

covered in several places, on the Big Muddy in great quantities near Browns- 
ville, on the Kaskaskia near the town of that name, near the town of Edwards- 
ville on the Illinois, 50 miles above Illinois lake, and in other places. Salt 
water is found in several places sufficient to furnish immense quantities of salt. 
The famous salt works belonging to the United States are in the vicinity of 
Shawneetown. Iron ore has also been discovered. 

Sulphur springs, chalybeate springs, and very strong impregnations of pure 
sulphurate of magnesia or Epsom salts, abound in different parts. 

In the southern part of the state a number of sections of land have been re- 
served from sale on account of the silver ore which they are supposed to contain. 

The lead mines in the vicinity of Galena, are very extensive and valuable. 
The mineral has been found in. every portion of a tract of more than 50 miles 
in extent in every direction, and is supposed to occupy a territory of more than 
twice that extent. The ore lies in beds, or horizontal strata, varying in thick- 
ness from one inch to several feet. It yields 75 per cent, of pure lead. 

The staple productions of Illinois are Indian corn, wheat, potatoes, beef, pork, 
horses, tobacco, and lead. The castor bean is raised, and oil is manufactured 
from it, but not in large quantities. Good cotton is produced for home con- 
sumption, and is manufactured extensively in the families of farmers into coarse 
fabrics, for domestic uses. Hemp, flax, and silk-worms succeed well. Apples, 
peaches, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, gooseberries, and currants arrive at 
great perfection. The wild fruits are grapes, plums, cherries, gooseberries, 
mulberries, crab-apples, persimmons, blackberries, raspberries, and strawberries. 

A canal has been projected (not yet commenced) to unite lake internal im- 
Michigan with the river Illinois, and the national government has P rovement - 
made a liberal donation of land in aid of the design. The length will be about 
70 miles ; and the cost is estimated at $800,000. 

Laborers are now employed in the construction of that part of the great 
National Road, which extends from the town of Vandalia to the eastern bound- 
ary of Indiana, near Tsrre Haute. The length of this part is 90 miles, and 
the road is so straight t \at its length is not so much as a mile greater than the 
distance by a right line between the two extreme points. 

The Cave in Rock, o : House of Nature, on the Ohio below Shawneetown, is 
regarded as a great curiosity, and was formerly a rendezvous of robbers. 

A college has been recently established at Jacksonville, and land Educa ion 
to the amount of 998,374 acres has been given for the support of uca 10n ' 
schools ; but no system of general education has yet been organized in Illinois. 

The Baptists in this state have 6 associations, 80 churches, 69 Relifjious 
ministers, and 2,432 communicants ; the Methodists, 45 preachers, denomina- 
and 8,859 members; the Presbyterians, 24 churches, 13 ministers, tlons " 
and 492 communicants. 

One of the earliest settlements of the French in the Mississippi 
valley was made at Kaskaskia, in the latter part of the 17th century. 1S ° ry ' 
Almost all the settlements that have been formed by the citizens of the United 
States, have been begun since 1800. In 1809, Illinois was erected into a ter- 
ritorial government, and in 1818, into a state. 

The legislative power is vested in a General Assembly, consist- Constitu . 
ing of a Senate, the members of which are elected for four years ; tion and go- 
and a House of Representatives, elected biennially. The number vernment - 
of representatives shall not be less than 27, nor more than 36, until the num- 
ber of inhabitants within the state shall amount to 100,000; and the number 
of senators shall never be less than one third, nor more than one half of the 
number of representatives." 

The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people 
for four years ; and he is not eligible for more than four years in any term of 
eight years. At the election of governor, a lieutenant-governor is also chosen 

T 



146 



MISSOURI. 



who is speaker of the senate ; and on whom, in case the governor vacates his 
office, the duties of governor devolve. 

The representatives and one half of the senators are elected biennially on 
the first Monday in August ; and the governor is chosen, every fourth year, at 
the same time. The general assembly meets every other year, (at Vandalia), 
on the first Monday in December next following the election ; and the governor 
is authorized to convene it, on extraordinary occasions, at other times. 

All white male inhabitants, above the age of 21 years, having resided in th3 
state six months next preceding an election, have the rights of electors. 

The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, and in such inferior courts 
as the general assembly may establish. The judges are appointed by a joint 
ballot of both branches of the general assembly, and hold their offices during 
good behavior. 

The salary of the governor is 1000 dollars. 

This state sends 3 representatives to congress. 



MISSOURI. 

Length, 270 miles ; breadth, 220. It contains 60,000 square miles, and 
38,000,000 acres. Between 36°, and 40° 30' N. latitude, and between 11° 17' 
and 17° 30' W. longitude. Bounded north and west by the Missouri Territory, 
east and north-east by the Mississippi, which separates it from Illinois. South- 
east by the Mississippi, which separates it from Kentucky and Tennessee. 
South by Arkansas Territory. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



Counties. 


Population. 


County Towns. 


Distance from 
Jefferson City 


Boon 


m 


8,889 


Columbia 


56 


Callaway 


m 


6,102 


Fulton 


32 


Cape Girardeau 


se 


7,430 


Jackson 


208 


Chariton 


nm 


1,776 


Chariton 


79 


Clay 


nw 


5,342 


Liberty 


190 


Cole 


m 


3,006 


Jefferson City 




Cooper 


m 


6,019 


Boonville 


51 


Crawford 




1,709 


Little Piney 


98 


Franklin 


em 


3,484 


Union 


79 


Gasconade 


m 


1,548 


Gasconade 


47 


Howard 


m 


10,844 


Fayette 


65 


Jackson 


w 


2,822 


Independence 


177 


Jefferson 


e 


2,586 


Herculaneum 


164 


Lafayette 


w 


^,921 


Lexington 


138 


Lincoln 


e 


4,060 


Troy 


97 


Madison 




2,371 


Frederic ktown 


170 


Marion 


ne 


4,839 


Palmyra 


190 


Monroe 






Monroe C. H. 


129 


Montgomery 
New Madrid 


em 


3,900 


Lewistown 


67 


se 


2,351 


New Madrid 


278 


Perry 


e 


3,377 


Perryville 


187 


Pike 


ne 


6,122 


Bowling Green 


132 


Ralls 


ne 


4,346 


New London 


167 


Randolph 


nm 


2,962 


Randolph 


96 


Ray 


n 


2,657 


Richmond 


149 



MISSOURI. 



147 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. — Continued. 



Counties. 


Population. 


County Towns. 


Distance from 
Jefferson City. 


ot. onarles 


€ 


4,322 


St. Charles 


123 


St. Francois 


sem 


2,386 


Farmington 


152 


St. Genevieve 


e 


2,182 


St. Genevieve 


168 


St. Louis 


e 


14,907 


St. Louis 


134 


Saline 


nm 


2,893 


Walnut Farm 


85 


Scott 


se 


2,136 


Benton 


236 


Washington 


em 


6,797 


Potosi 


127 


Wayne 




3,254 


Greenville 


200 


33 Total 


140,074, 


of whom 24,990 are slaves. 



In 1810, 
1820, 
[1824, 
1830, 



Population. 

19,833 
66,586 
80,677] 
140,074 



Population at different Periods. 



Increase from 1810 to 1820, 46,753 
1820 1830, 73,488 



Slaves. 

3,011 

10,222 
24,990 



A great proportion of the land in this state is of the richest kind, producing 
corn, wheat, rye, oats, flax, hemp, and tobacco, in great abundance. The lands 
bordering on the Missouri, are exceedingly rich. They consist of a stratum of 
black alluvial soil of unknown depth. As you recede from the banks of the 
rivers, the land rises, passing sometimes gradually, and sometimes abruptly into 
elevated barrens, flinty ridges, and rocky cliffs. A portion of the state is, 
therefore, unfit for cultivation, but this part of the state is rich in mineral trea- 
sures. The land is either very fertile or very poor ; it is either bottom land, 
or d iff, either prairie or barren ; there is very little of an intermediate quality. 
The climate is remarkably serene and temperate, and very favorable to health. 

The most remarkable feature in Missouri is its lead mines, which are proba- 
bly the most extensive on the globe. They occupy a district between 37° and 
38° N. lat. and between 89° and 92° W. long, extending from the head waters 
of St. Francis river in a north-west direction, to the Merrimack, a distance of 
70 miles in length, and about 45 miles in breadth. They cover an area of 
more than 3,000 square miles. The ore is of the richest and purest kind, and 
exists in quantities sufficient to supply all the demands of the United States, 
and allow a large surplus for exportation. 



Quantity of Lead made at U. S. Lead Mines annually, from 1821 to 1831 











Fever River. 


Missouri. 


Total. 


g. of lead made from 1821 to 30 Sept. 1823 


835,130 




335,130 


do. 


for the year ending 30 Sept. 1824 


175,220 




175,220 


do. 


do. 


do. 


1825 


664,530 


386,590 


1,051,120 


do. 


do. 


do. 


1826 


958,842 


1,374,962 


2,333,804 


do. 


do. 


do. 


1827 


5,182,180 


910,380 


6,092,560 


do. 


do. ' 


do. 


1828 


11,105,810 


1,205,920 


12,311,730 


do. 


do. 


do. 


1829 


13,343,150 


1,198,160 


14,541,310 


do. 


do. 


do. 


1830 


8,323,998 


8,060 


8,332,058 


do. 


do. 


do. 


1831 


6,381,900 


67,180 


6,449,080 








Total, 


46,470,820 


5,151,252 


51,622,072 



148 



MISSOURI. 



Operations of the Lead Mines, for the year ending*September 30, 1831. 



Pounds of lead made 

# Pounds of lead which have accrued as rent 
Rents remaining due 30th September, 1830 
Total rents due in the year ending 30th Sep- 
tember, 1831 

Pounds of lead received as rent in 1831 
Rents remaining due the 30th Sept. 1831 . 

* Rents reduced from 10 to 5 per cent, on the amount of lead made, by order of the Secretary 
of War, January 15th, 1830. 



Fever River. 


Missouri. 


Total. 


6,381,900 


67,180 


6,449,030 


319,095 


3,359 


322,454 


124,736 




124,736 


443,831 


3,359 


447,190 


271,627 


3,359 


274,986 


172,204 




172,204 



Besides the great rivers Mississippi and Missouri, this state is watered by va- 
rious others of considerable magnitude. The largest are the Osage, Grand, 
Chariton, Gasconade, Merrimac or Maramec, Washita, and St. Francis. The 
Osage is a large river, navigable for boats 660 miles. 

steamboat St. Louis is 1200 miles, by the course of the river, above New 
"from st." Orleans, and is, next to that city, the largest and most commercial 
Louis, town on the Mississippi. In the summer of 1831, there were six 
steamboats regularly employed between St. Louis and New Orleans. A trip 
from one place to the other and back again usually occupies 24 days ; the 
shortest time in which one was ever made, 18 days. The usual fare for cabin 
passengers descending, $20 ; ascending, $25 ; for deck passengers, $5 either 
way. Freight per lOOOlbs. descending, 37^ cents; ascending, 62^ cents. 

From St. Louis to Louisville, 630 miles : 6 boats regularly running, in 1831 : 
usual time of a trip 10 or 11 days ; the passage one way usually being some- 
what more than three days ; fare cf cabin passengers about $15, either way ; 
deck passengers, $4 : freight about 25 cents per lOOlbs. One boat also ran 
regularly to Cincinnati, 150 miles above Louisville. 

From St. Louis to Fever River, about 480 miles : 3 steamboats regularly 
employed in 1831 : time occupied by a trip, about 10 days : fare for passengers 
ascending, $15; descending, $9. The route of one of the boats occasionally 
extended to St. Peter's River, 400 miles further up. 

In 1831, two boats were employed in running from St. Louis up the Missouri 
to Franklin, 200 miles, and to Fort Leavenworth, 200 miles further : freight to 
Franklin 75 cents per lOOlbs., and to Fort Leavenworth from $1.25 to $1.50: 
from Franklin down, 25 cents per lOOlbs. 

From St. Louis to Pekin, on Illinois river, 180 miles : two or three boats regu- 
larly employed in 1831. Steamboats come occasionally to St. Louis from 
Pittsburg and other places. 

St. Louis College and another seminary at a place called Bois Brule 
Bottom, in the southern part of the state, both Catholic institutions, 
are the most considerable literary seminaries in Missouri. A portion of the 
public lands have been granted by congress for the support of schools ; but no 
provision for education has been made by the legislature of the state, except the 
passing of some laws relating to the lands granted by congress. 
Religious ^ ne Baptists m tn ^ s state nave 9 associations, 111 churches, 67 
denomina- ministers, and 3,955 communicants ; the Methodists, 23 preachers 
nous. an( j 3 ? 403 members; the Presbyterians, 17 churches, 10 ministers, 
and 605 communicants ; the Roman Catholics, a considerable number of 
churches and priests ; the Episcopalians, 3 ministers. 
There are 12 periodical papers in the state. 

There is a branch of the United States Bank at St. Louis, which is the only 
bank in the state. 



Education. 



DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 149 

The constitution of this state was formed at St. Louis, in 1820. Congtitution 
The legislative power was vested in a General Assembly, consisting and govem- 
of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The representatives ment * 
are chosen every second year. Every county is entitled to at least one repre- 
sentative ; but the whole number can never exceed 100. The senators are 
elected for four years, the seats of one half being vacated every second year. 
The constitutional number is, not less than 14, nor more than 33. They are 
chosen by districts, and are apportioned according to the number of free white 
inhabitants. The elections for representatives and senators are held biennially 
on the first Monday in August. 

The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected for four years, 
on the first Monday in August ; and he is ineligible for the next four years 
after the expiration of his term of service. 

At the time of the election of governor, a lieutenant-governor is also chosen, 
who is, by virtue of his office, president of the senate. 

The legislature meets every second year (at the City of Jefferson,) on the 
first Monday in November. 

The right of suffrage is granted to every white male citizen, who has attained 
the age of 21 years, and has resided in the state one year before an election, the 
last three months thereof being in the county or district in which he offers his vote. 

The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, in a chancellor, circuit 
courts, and such other inferior tribunals as the general assembly may, from 
time to time, establish. 

The judges are appointed by the governor, by and with the advice and con- 
sent of the senate ; and they hold their offices during good behavior, but not 
beyond the age of 65 years. 

The governor's salary is 1500 dollars. 

This state sends two representatives to congress. 



DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

The District of Columbia is a tract of country, 10 miles square, on both 
sides of Potomac river, 120 miles from its mouth. It was ceded to the United 
States by Maryland and Virginia in 1790, and in 1800 became the seat of the 
general government. It is under the immediate government of congress. 

Counties. Population. Chief Towns. 

Alexandria, 9,608 Alexandria. 

Washington, 30,250 Washington. 
Total, 39,858 

Population at different Periods. 

Population. Slaves. 

In 1800, 14,093 3,244 

1810, 24,023 Increase from 1800 to 1810, 9,930 5,395 

1820, 33,039 1810 1820, 9,016 6,377 

1830, 39,858 1820 1830, 6,819 6,056 

The surface of the District of Columbia is generally very pleasantly diver- 
sified by hill and dale. The soil, in its natural state, is sterile. The climate is 
esteemed very healthy. The latitude of the Capitol is 38° 52' 45" north, ana 
within a very small fraction, 77° west from London. The mean temperature 
about 55° Fahrenheit ; similar to that of Philadelphia, Wilmington, Baltimore, 
and Richmond. 

The situation of the District is such that it has become the centre of a very 
extensive commerce. The quantity of flour and other domestic produce, brought 



50 



FLORIDA. 



down the Potomac annually is very considerable. The principal shipping 
interest of this district centres at Alexandria, but extensive business is also done 
at Georgetown. The amount of exports in 1830 was 753,973 dollars, and 
the shipping about 21,750 tons. At the junction of the east branch with the 
Potomac, the United States have a navy-yard, to which vessels of the largest 
tonnage can ascend. 

There are three colleges in the District : Columbia College, a seminary chiefly 
under the direction of the Baptist denomination, is situated near Washington ; 
Georgetown College, a Roman Catholic institution, at Georgetown ; and an 
Episcopal Theological Seminary in the vicinity of Alexandria. 

The number of banks in 1831 was 10, including a branch of the United 
States Bank at Washington. 
„ .. . The Baptists in this district have 18 churches, 10 ministers, and 

Religious r ... 

denomina- 1,658 communicants ; the Presbyterians, 9 churches, 11 ministers, 5 
tions. licentiates, and 996 communicants; the Methodists, 1,400 members; 
and the Episcopalians, 5 ministers ; the Catholics, several churches ; the Uni- 
tarians, 1 minister. 



FLORIDA. 

Florida is bounded north by Georgia and Alabama, east by the Atlantic, 
south and south-west by the gulf of Mexico, and west by Alabama. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 


Counties. 


Pop. 


County Towns. 


Dist. from 
Tallahassee. 


West 
Florida. * 

Middle 
Florida. < 

East 
Florida. 

S. Florida. 
15 Tota 


' Escambia nw 
Jackson ) 
Walton V w 

„ Washington ) m 

" Gadsden nm 
Hamilton nm 
Jefferson nm 
Leon nm 

. Madison 

r Alachua m 
Duvall ne 
Mosquito 

Nassau ne 
,St. John's e 
Monroe s 

I 


3,386 
6,092 

4,894 

553 
3,312 
6,493 

525 
2,204 
1,970 

733 
1,511 
2,535 

517 
34,723, 


Pensacola 
Marianna 
Alaqua 

Holmes' Valley 

Quincy 

Miccotown 

Monticello 

Tallahassee 

Hickstown 

Dell's 

Jacksonville 

Timoka 

Fernandina 

St. Augustine 

Key West 

of whom 15,510 <- 


242 
77 
161 
121 
23 

29 

178 

252 

313 

292 

ire slaves. 



The surface of Florida is in general level and not much elevated above the 
sea. It is intersected by numerous ponds, lakes, and rivers, particularly the 
St. John's river, which runs through nearly the whole length of the Peninsula 
from south to north. A quarry of stone commences at the island of Anastasia, 
and extends to the south, not exceeding three miles in width. The stone is a 
concretion of shells ; it is soft when the quarry is first opened, but becomes 
hard upon exposure to the air, and is of excellent use in building. The south- 
ern part of the peninsula is a mere marsh, and terminates at Cape Sable in 
heaps of sharp rocks, interspersed with a scattered growth of shrubby pines. 
The gulf stream setting along the coast has here worn away the land, forming 
those islands, keys and rocks, known by the general name of Martyrs and 



FLORIDA. 



151 



Pinerais, and by the Spaniards called cayos, between which and the mainland 
is a navigable channel. These islands contain some settlements and many 
good harbors. The eddies which set towards the shore from the gulf stream 
cause many shipwrecks on this part of the coast, furnishing employment to the 
Bahama wreckers. The rivers and coasts of Florida yield a variety of fish, 
among which are the sheepshead, mullet, trout, and bass, and abundance of 
shell-fish, as oysters, shrimps, crabs, &c. The soil of Florida is in some parts, 
especially on the banks of the rivers, equal to any in the world ; in other 
parts, it is indifferent ; and there are large tracts which are represented to be 
of little value. The country, however, has been but imperfectly explored, and 
few agricultural experiments have been made. Much of the land, which, on a 
superficial view, has been supposed to be not worth cultivating, it is believed 
may be turned to very profitable account. Owing to its proximity to the sea 
on both sides, this peninsula has a milder climate than the country to the west 
of it, in the same latitude. The productions are corn, rice, potatoes, cotton, 
hemp, olives, oranges, and other tropical fruits, and it is supposed that coffee 
and the sugar cane will flourish here. The pine barrens produce grass, which 
supports an immense number of cattle. The forests yield fine live-oak, pitch, 
tar, and turpentine, and lumber has been exported for nearly a century. 
Among the most fertile lands are Forbes' Purchase, and the Alachua Savannah, 
The climate, from October to June, is generally salubrious ; but the months of 
July, August, and September, are extremely hot and uncomfortable; and 
during this season, fevers are prevalent. At St. Augustine, however, the 
climate is delightful, and this place is the resort of invalids. 

The principal rivers are St. John's, Apalachicola, Suwanee, St. Mark's, 
Oclockonne, and Connecuh. 

The lakes are Macaca, and Lake George. 

The principal bays are Pensacola, St. Rosa, Apalachie, Tampa, Charlotte 
Harbor, and Chatham Bay. 

The Florida canal extends from the mouth of the river St. Mary's, to Apa- 
lachie Bay ; length, 250 miles. 

§ 




PROFILE VIEW OF THE FLORIDA CANAL. 

The capes are Cannaveral, Florida, Sable, Romans, and St. Bias. 
The chief towns are Pensacola, St. Augustine, Jacksonville, and Tallahassee, 
the capital. 

The bank of Florida is at Tallahassee, and the only one in the Territory. 
The salary of the governor is 2,500 dollars. 



MICHIGAN TERRITORY. 

Length, 250 miles; breadth, 135: containing 33,950 square miles, and 
21,600,000 acres. Between 41° 31' and 45° 40' N. lat. ; and between 5° 12' 
and 10° W. Ion. from Washington. Bounded on the north by the straits of 
Michilimackinac ; east by lakes Huron, St. Clair, and Erie, and their waters ; 
south by Ohio and Indiana ,* and west by lake Michigan. 



152 



MICHIGAN TERRITORY 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 


Counties. 


Population. 


County Towns. 


Distance fr. 
Detroit. 


Berrien 




323 


Niles 


179 


Cass 

Jackson 

Lenawee 


s 


' 928 
1,491 


Edwardsburs 

o 

Jacksonopolis 
Tecumseh 


169 

88 
63 


Macomb 


se 


2,414 


Mount Clemens 


26 


Michilimackinac 


n 


877 


Mackinac 


321 


Monroe 


se 


3,187 


Monroe 


36 


Oakland 


sem 


4,910 


Pontiac 


26 


St. Clair 
St. Joseph 
Van Buren 


e 


1,115 
1,313 
5 


St. Clair 

White Pigeon Prairie 


59 


Washtenaw 


sm 


4,042 


Ann Arbor 


42 


Wayne 
Detroit, city 


se 


4,565 \ 
2,222 \ 


Detroit 




Counties west of Lake Michigan, which are under its 






government. 




Brown 




964 


Menomonie 




Chippewa 
Crawford 
Iowa 




625 
692 
1,589 


Sault de Ste. Marie 
Prairie du Chien 
Helena 


356 
598 


17 Total 


31,260, of whom 27 are slaves. 





Michigan territory is a large peninsula, something resembling a triangle, 
with its base resting upon Ohio and Indiana. Three quarters of its extent are 
surrounded by the great lakes Huron and Michigan. It is generally a level 
country, having no mountains, and not many elevations that, might properly 
be called hills. The centre of the peninsula is table land, elevated, however, 
not many feet above the level of the lakes, and sloping inwards. 

The eastern parts of this territory, from various circumstances, became first 
settled. Within the few last years a great mass of emigrants have begun to- 
spread themselves over this fine and fertile country. Situated, as it is, be- 
tween the west, the south, and the east, with greater facilities for extensive inland 
water communication than any other country on the globe, with a fertile soil, 
of which millions of acres are fit for the plow, with a healthful climate, and 
with a concurrence of circumstances inviting northern population, there can 
be no doubt that it will soon take its place as a state, and rival its western 
sister states. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, turnips, 
peas, apples, pears, plums, cherries, and peaches are raised easily and in 
abundance. It is a country more favorable to cultivated grasses than the 
western country. In short, it is peculiarly fitted for northern farmers. No 
inland country, according to its age, population, and circumstances, has a 
greater trade. A number of steamboats and lake vessels are constantly 
plying in this trade, which is with Mackinack, Detroit, Chicago, and Ohio. 
The amount of foreign exports, in 1831, was #53,290. 

The climate of this region, in consequence of its being level and peninsular, 
and surrounded on all sides but the south with such immense bodies of water, 
is more temperate and mild than could be expected from its latitude. The 
southern parts have mild winters, and the spring opens as early as in any part 
of the United States in the same latitude : the position of the northern parts 
must subject it to a Canadian temperature. The winter commences here early 
in November, and does not terminate until the end of March. At De- 
troit, in 1818, the mean heat of January was 24°, and in 1820, the mean heat 



NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 



153 



Of July was 69°, of December 27°. At Mackinack, the most northern settle- 
ment in the United States, the mean heat of October was 45° ; of November 
32°; and of December 21°. 

The Methodists in this territory have 11 preachers and 675 mem- Reli(Tjoug 
bers ; the Presbyterians, 6 churches and 6 ministers ; the Episcopa- denomina« 
lians, 5 ministers; the Baptists, 1 association, 2 ministers, and 187 tl0Ils ' 
communicants ; the Roman Catholics, several priests. 

The governor's salary is 2,000 dollars. 

Detroit, the capital of Michigan, was settled by the French about 

History. ^ -^670. In 1805, the country was erected by the congress 
of the United States into a separate territorial government; in 1812, it was 
taken by the British under general Brock; and in 1813, it was recovered by 
the army of the United States under general Harrison. 



NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 

Nearly 500 miles in length, and 400 in breadth. Between 42° 30', and 
49° N. latitude, and 10° 31', and 18° 30' W. longitude from Washington. 
Bounded east by Lake Michigan; north by Lake Superior and the British 
possessions ; west by the Mississippi, and a line drawn from its source to the 
northern boundary, which separates it from Missouri Territory. The most 
accurate account of this country is to be found in Long's Second Expedition. 
It is generally a hilly country, with the exception of extensive level prairies 
At the western extremity of Lake Superior are the Cabotian Mountains ; and 
near the mineral district the Smoky Mountains. In some of its features, this 
country resembles Missouri Territory ; but has greater proportions covered 
with wood. ' The chief rivers, except the Mississippi, are Ouisconsin river, Fox, 
Chippeway, St. Croix, Rum, St. Francis, and Savanna of the Mississippi ; 
Grand Portage, Ontonagon, Montreal, Mauvaise, Bois Brule, St. Louis, and 
nearly 50 smaller streams are waters of Lake Superior. Riviere la Pluie falls 
into the Lake of the Woods. None of the lake rivers have a course of more 
than 150 miles, and few more than 50 miles. 

The largest river of the Mississippi in this Territory, is Ouisconsin, which 
rises in the northern interior of the country, and interlocks with the Montreal 
of Lake Superior. It has a course of between 3 and 400 miles, with a shallow 
and rapid current, which is, however, generally boatable in good stages of the 
water, and is 800 yards wide at its mouth. There is a portage of only half a 
mile between this and Fox river. It is over a level prairie, across which, from 
river to river there is a water communication for periagues in high stages of 
the water. 

This is a fine region for hunters. In the upper part of the country, buffaloes, 
elk, bears and deer are common. Beavers, otters, and muskrats are taken for 




[J 



154 



NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 



their furs. The trappers and savages roam over immense prairies in pursuit 
of their objects. In some parts of it the soil is fertile. White and yellow pine, 
and white birch are common among the forest trees. All the water-courses, 
ponds, and marshes are covered with wild rice, which constitutes a considera- 
ble part of the nourishment of the inhabitants. The head waters of the Mis- 
sissippi are estimated to be 1,330 feet above the level of the sea. 

It is a country abundant in minerals. In it are found great quantities of the 
terre verte, or green earth, lead, copper and iron. The lead-mine district is in 
the lower part of the country, between Rock river and the Ouisconsin. On 
Fever river are the chief establishments of the present miners, and the mines 
are probably as rich and as abundant as any in the world. It has been assert- 
ed, for half a century, that great quantities of native copper are found along 
the northern shore of Lake Superior. On the Ontonagon are great quantities of 
pure copper in detached masses. A single mass is estimated to weigh 3,000 
pounds. More recent and intelligent travellers have not realized the expecta- 
tions that have been raised in respect to rinding this metal. But lead and iron 
are found in various places ; and sufficient indications of the existence of mines 
of copper. 

The southern part of this extensive region possesses a climate compara- 
tively mild, and not much unlike that of the northern belt of Missouri. At the 
Falls of St. Anthony the summers are temperate, and the winters extremely 
cold. The sources of the Mississippi are in a region severely inclement. At 
St. Peters, in 1820, the mean temperature of January was zero, a degree of 
cold not felt in any part of the United States that is much settled. The sum- 
mer was temperate, and the atmosphere beautifully serene. Even at Prairie 
du Chien, though much more temperate, the winters are very severe. 

On the 19th July, near the Falls of Packagama, the elevation being 1,200 
feet above the level of the sea, " the night was so cold that the water froze upon 
the bottoms of the canoes, and they were incrusted with a scale of ice of the 
thickness of a knife-blade. The thermometer stood at 36° at sunrise. There 
had been a heavy dew during the night, which was succeeded by a dense fog 
in the morning, and the forenoon remained cloudy and chilly." 

Green Bay Settlement is situated at the outlet of Fox river, and contains 952 
inhabitants. A few miles up Fox river of this bay, in a most romantic posi- 
tion, is an interesting Episcopal missionary establishment. There are two or 
three other incipient establishments of hunters and trappers. Prairie du Chien 
is a considerable village. There are flour-mills near it. It is a place of im- 
portance as an outlet from the Lower Mississippi to the upper waters. It is 
situated near a beautiful prairie. The position of the village has been recently 
inundated. Most of the permanent inhabitants have Indian blood in their veins. 
At certain seasons of the year it is populous, bustling, and busy. Curious 
modes of justice and of dispatching business have been adopted here by pre- 
scription. The inhabitants of this village and settlement amount to 492. Fre- 
quent voyages are made from St. Louis to this place in keel-boats. The richest 
copper mines, and large masses of pure copper, are found here. 

This vast region has hitherto been politically connected with Michigan Ter- 
ritory ; but as that Territory has as distinct geographical limits as any state in 
the Union, and this region is only connected with that by circumstances of a 
temporary nature, it is evident that this country ought to be viewed, at least 
geographically, as a territory by itself. 

Prairie du Chien, Cassville, and Green Bay are the largest villages, and the 
whole population is rated at 16,000. Three thousand immigrants for this coun- 
try passed through Buffalo in a single week. 



ARKANSAS TERRITORY. 



155 



ARKANSAS TERRITORY. 

Greatest length 500 miles. Medial length 300. Breadth 240. It con- 
tains more than 50,000 square miles. Between 33° and 36° 30' N. latitude; 
and 13° and 23° W. longitude from Washington. Bounded north by Missouri 
and the territory beyond ; east by the Mississippi, which separates it from Ten- 
jssee and Mississippi ; south by Louisiana and the Mexican states ; west by 
ose states. It was erected into a territorial government in 1819, and contains 
>,667 whites, and 4678 blacks — total 30,383. The limits of this great region 
e strongly defined by physical and geographical lines. These lines are for 
e most part large rivers, and the ocean of prairies beyond. 



TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 



Counties. 




| Pop. 


County Towns. 


List, from 
Little Rock 


Arkansas 


( 


1,423 


Arkansas 


114 


Chicot 


se 


1,165 


Villemont 


184 


Clark 


em 


1,369 


Clark C. H. 


87 


Conway 


em 


982 


Harrisburg 


40 


Crawford 


m 


2,440 


Crawford C. H. 


136 


Crittenden 


ne 


1,272 


Greenock 


168 


n.c 1 1 lp is to cl U 


s 


2,507 - 


Hempstead C. H. 


130 


Hot or Warm Spring 


m 


458 


Warm Spring 


60 


Independence 


n 


2,032 


Batesville 


102 


Izard 


n 


1,266 


Izard C. H. 


172 


Jackson 




333 


Litchfield 




Jefferson 




: 772 






Lafayette 


s 


748 


Lafayette C. H. 


182 


Lawrence 


ne 


2,806 


Jackson 


152 


Miller 


sw 


358 


Miller C. H. 


228 


Monroe 




461 


Jacob's Staff 


84 


Phillips 


e 


1,152 


Helena 


124 


Pope 




1,483 


Scotia 


81 


Pulaski 


m 


2,395 


Little Rock 




St. Francis 




1,505 


Franklin 




Sevier 




636 


Paraclifta 


168 


Union 




640 


Corea Fabre 




Washington 




2,181 


Fayetteville 


217 


23 Total 




30,383, of whom 4,578 are slaves. 



The soil exhibits every variety, from the most productive to the most sterile. 
The indigenous forest-trees are specifically numerous, and very large. The 
principal species are, oak, hickory, ash, sycamore, cotton-wood, linden, maple, 
three or four species, locust and pine. The cultivated fruit-trees are the apple, 
pear, peach, plum, nectarine, cherry and quince. The various kinds of small 
grain succeed well, such as wheat, rye, oats, barley, and maize. Garden 
plants are abundant, and grow luxuriously. In metallic wealth, Arkansas is 
productive in iron ore, gypsum, and common salt. Cotton, Indian corn, flour, 
peltry, salted provisions, and lumber, are the staples of the territory. Arkansas 
was among the most ancient settlements of the French in Louisiana. That 
nation had a hunting and trading post on the Arkansas river as early as the 
beginning of the eighteenth century ; but, from the peculiar situation of the adja- 
cent country, the settlements upon that river made little advance before the 
transfer of Louisiana to the United States. Since that period, Arkansas has 
been involved in the various vicissitudes of the country of which it formed a 



156 



MISSOURI TERRITORY. 



part ; and on the formation of Missouri into a state, became a territory of the 
United States. 

The Arkansas Territory was erected into a separate government in 1819, 
extending from the Mississippi to Mexico; but in 1824, the western limit was 
restricted to a line beginning 40 miles the west of the south-west corner of 
the state of Missouri, and running south to Red river. 

The Hot Springs, towards the sources of the Washita, are much visited by 
invalids. The waters are pure and limpid, with little or no mineral properties, 
and their ordinary temperature is said to be that of boiling heat. 
Reii ious ^ ne Methodists in this territory have 7 preachers and 983 mem- 
denomina- bers ; the Baptists, 1 association, 8 churches, 2 ministers, and 89 

tions. communicants ; the Roman Catholics, several priests ; the Presbyte- 
rians, 3 or 4 ministers ; and the Episcopalians, 1 minister. 

The governor's salary is 2,000 dollars. 



MISSOURI TERRITORY. 

This vast extent of country, lying between the Mississippi and the Rocky 
Mountains, comprises the greater part of the western slope of the Mississippi 
valley, and is almost wholly uninhabited, except by Indians. 

A belt of country, extending from 200 to 400 miles to the west of the Mis- 
sissippi, is covered, in great part, with forests. To the west of this is found 
a vast region of plains reaching to the Rocky Mountains ; in some parts it is 
fertile and covered with grass, and in others sandy and sterile. It has been 
compared to the steppes of Central Asia, and some portions of it to the African 
desert of Sahara. The margins of the lower courses of the rivers that enter 
the Mississippi from this region are wooded ; but in ascending towards the 
mountains, the trees gradually diminish, and at length entirely disappear. 

To the west of these plains the Rocky Mountains rise up in an abrupt man- 
ner, presenting a steep front, with many frowning rocky precipices, and having 
many summits covered with perpetual snow. It is a singular fact that, between 
the sources of the La Platte and the Buenaventura, there is an opening through 
this range which admits the passage of loaded wagons. 

The largest rivers of this country are the Missouri and its tributaries, the 
Konsas or Kansas, La Platte, and Yellowstone. 

The Great Falls of the Missouri, which are 2570 miles by the river from 
the Mississippi, consist of a succession of cataracts and rapids, amounting in 
the whole to 350 feet. The largest cataract, which is 87 feet perpendicular, 
presents a scene of much beauty and grandeur. 

The place where the Missouri seems to have torn for itself a passage through 
the mountain ridge, called the Gates of the Rocky Mountains, is described as a 
very sublime spectacle. The river flows through a chasm more than five 
miles long, where the rocks rise perpendicularly from the water's edge to the 
height of nearly 1200 feet. The stream is here compressed to the width of 
150 yards ; and for the space of three miles, there is but one spot on which a 
man can stand, between the edge of the water and the perpendicular accent of 
the mountain rock. 

The United States have established military posts at Council Bluffs and on 
St. Peter's river. 



OREGON TERRITORY, 



157 



OREGON TERRITORY. 

This is an extensive country, lying between the Rocky Mountains and the 
Pacific ocean ; but it is little known. 

It is watered by the river Oregon, or Columbia, and its branches, the princi- 
pal of which are Lewis's river, Clark's river, and the Multnomah. 

The country bordering on the Oregon and its branches, is represented as 
having a good soil, and is covered with heavy timber, consisting chiefly of va 
rious species of fir ; many of the trees being of enormous height. 

At a distance from the ocean the country is mountainous, destitute of trees, 
and much of it barren. Extensive prairies are found on the west, as well as 
on the east side of the Rocky Mountains. 

The climate, in the mountainous parts, is severe ; but near the shores of the 
Pacific ocean, it is much milder than in the same latitude on the Atlantic. 

This country was explored by Lewis and Clark, in 1805; and in 1811, a 
trading establishment was formed at Astoria by some Americans. 



Table exhibiting the Seats of Government, the Times of holding the Elec- 
tion of State Officers, and the Time of the Meeting of the Legislature of 
the several States, 



Maine 

N. Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

N. Carolina 

S. Carolina 

Georgia 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

'Tennessee 

Kentucky 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Missouri 



Seats of Govern- 
ment. 



Augusta 

Concord 

Montpelier 

Boston 
( Providence, 
{ Newport, &c. 

Hart. & N. Hav. 

Albany 

Trenton 

Harrisburg 

Dover 

Annapolis 

Richmond 

Raleigh 

Columbia 

Milledgeville 

Tuscaloosa 

Jackson 

New Orleans 

Nashville 

Frankfort 

Columbia 

Indianapolis 

Vandalia 

Jefferson City 



Time of holding Elections. Titne of the 



2d Monday in Sept. 
2d Tuesday in March 
1st Tuesday in Sept. 
2d Mond. in November 
Gov. & Sen. in Ap. ; 
Rep. in Ap. & Aug. 
1st Monday in April 
In October or Novem. 
2d Tuesday in October 
2d Tuesday in October 
2d Tuesday in Novem. 
1st Monday in October 
In the month of April 
Commonly in August 
2d Monday in October 
1st Monday in October 
1st Monday in August 
1st Monday in August 
1st Monday in July 
1st Thursday in August 
1st Monday in August 
2d Tuesday in October 
1st Monday in August 
1st Monday in August 
1st Monday in August 



1st Wednesday in Jan 
1st Wednesday in June 
2d Thursday in Oct. 
1st Wednesday in Jan. 
1st Wed.May & in June 
last Wed. Oct. & in Jan. 
1st Wednesday in May 
1st Tuesd. in January 
4th Tuesd. in October 
1st Tuesday in Decern. 
1st Tues. in Jan. bienn. 
last Monday in Decern. 
1st Monday in Decern. 
2d Mond. in November 
4th Monday in Novem. 
1st Monday in Novem. 
4th Monday in October 
1st Monday in Novem. 
1st Monday in January 
3d Mond. Sept. bienn. 
1st Monday in Novem. 
1st Monday in Decern. 
1st Monday in Decern. 
1st Mond. Dec. bienn. 
1st Mond. Nov. bienn. 



158 



TABLE OF REPRESENTATIVES, &c. 



Table exhibiting the Governor's Term and Salary, the Number of Sen- 
ators and Representatives with their respective Terms and Pay, and 
the Mode of choosing Electors of President and Vice-President, in 
the several States. 





Gov. Term. 
Years. 


>> 

J3 


Senators. 


Term. 
Years. 


Represent- 
| atives. 


jTerm. 
iYears. 


'Total Sen. 
and Rep. 


Pay per 
Day. 


Electors of 
President 
and Vice- 
President 
chosen by|j 


IVT^ nip 


1 


1500 


20 


1 


153 


1 


173 


#2.00 


Districts 


x i C/ VV AACtIIJ.UoJ.lli. C- 


1 


1200 


12 


1 


229 


1 


236 


2.00 


Gen'l Ticket 




1 


750 


none 




230 


1 


230 


1.50 


do. 


lTlClOijClL'IlUijOlLkj 1 


1 


3666 1 


40 


1 


481 




521 


2.00 


do. 


llllUUV^ iOld.li.VJ. 


1 


400 


10 


1 


72 


JL 
2 


82 


1.50 


do. 


Connecticut ^ 


1 


1100 


21 


1 


208 


1 


229 


2.00 


do. 


New York 


2 


4000 


32 


4 


128 


1 


160 


3.00 


do. 


IVpw Tptspvoi 


1 


2000 


14 


1 


50 


1 


64 


3.00 


do. 


Pennsylvania 


3 


4000 


33 


4 


100 


1 


133 


3.00 


do. 


Dpi a wa VP 

I / V i ( X Will V.v 


3 


1333| 


9 


4 


21 


2 


30 


2.50 


Legislature 


TYTri wland 

xvxctx y iccxx\^i 


1 


3500 


15 


5 


80 


1 


95 


4.00 


Districts 


Virginia. 


3 


3333| 


32 


4 


134 


1 


166 


4.00 


Gen'l Ticket 


North Carolina 


1 


2000 


64 


1 


134 


1 


198 


3.00 


do. 


South Carolina 


2 


3900 


45 


4 


124 


2 


169 


4.00 


Legislature 


Georgia 


2 


3000 


78 


1 


142 


1 


220 


4.00 


Gen'l Ticket 


Alabama 


2 


2000 


22 


3 


72 


1 


94 


4.00 


do. 


Mississippi 


2 


2500 


11 


3 


36 


1 


47 


3.00 


do. 


Louisiana 


4 


7000 


17 


4 


50 


2 


67 


4.00 


Legislature 


Tennessee 


2 


2000 


20 


2 


60 


2 


80 


4.00 


do. 


Kentucky- 


4 


2000 


38 


4 


100 


1 


138 


2.00 


Gen'l Ticket 


Ohio 


2 


1200 


36 


2 


72 


1 


108 


3.00 


do. 


Indiana 


3 


1000 


23 


3 


62 


1 


85 


2.00 


do. 


Illinois 


4 


1000 




4 




2 




3.00 


do. 


Missouri 


4 


1500 


18 


4 


49 


2 


66 


3.00 


do. 



* There is no senate in the legislature of Vermont ; but the executive council, con- 
sisting of the governor, lieutenant-governor, and 12 counsellors, elected by the free- 
men, are empowered to lay before the general assembly such business as shall appear 
to them necessary ; also to revise and propose amendments to the laws passed by the 
house of representatives. 

f The number of representatives in the legislature of Massachusetts in 1831, was 
481 ; but the number is very variable. 

J The pay of the senators, in the legislature of Connecticut, is $2 a day ; that of 
the representatives, $1.50. 

§ The upper house, which forms an independent branch of the legislature of New 
Jersey, is styled the " Legislative Council." 

|| Three different modes of choosing the electors of president and vice-president in 
the different states, are authorized by the constitution, viz. by the people by districts, 
by the people by a general ticket, and by the state legislatures. The same states have 
not all uniformly adhered to the same mode ; and the mode may be varied at the 
pleasure of the state legislatures. 



MEXICO. 



159 



MEXICO. 




PYRAMID OF CHOLULA. 



Mexico is bounded north by the United States and Gulf of Mexico ; east by 
the United States, Gulf of Mexico, and Bay of Honduras ; south by Guate- 
mala ; and west by the Pacific Ocean. 

The chief cities are Mexico, the metropolis and capital, Guanaxuato, Guada- 
laxara, Puebla, Oaxaca, Zacatecas, Vera Cruz, and Valladolid. 

The principal rivers are the Brazos, Colorado, Bravo, Grande, Gila, Colo- 
rado of the west, Buenaventura, and Hiaqui. 

Length, 1850 miles; breadth, 1,000: square miles, 1,690,000. Population 
7,000,000 : by some the population is estimated at 8,000,000. 

The following 1 9 independent states belong to the Mexican Republic, besides 



5 Territories : 

States. Sq. miles. Population. Capital. 

Mexico 30,482. . .. 1,100,000 . . . .Mexico 

Puebla 18,441 .... 900,000 .... Puebla 

Guanaxuato 6,225 600,000 Guanaxuato 

Michoacan 24,166 385,000 Valladolid 

Jalisco 72,389 600,000 Guadalaxara 

Zacatecas 17,580 230,298 Zacatecas 

Oaxaca 32,697 600,000 Oaxaca 

Yucatan 79,534 450,000 Merida 

Tabasco 14,676 .... 78,056 .... Hermosa 

Chiapas 18,750 93,750 Chiapas 

Vera Cruz 27,660 156,740 .... Jalapa 

Queretaro 13,482 500,000 Queretaro 

San Luis Potosi 19,017 174,957 San Luis Potosi 

Tamaulipas 35,121 166,824 Tamaulipas 

Durango 54,800 200,000 Durango 

Chihuahua 107,584 .... 160,000 .... Chihuahua 

Sonora and Sinaloa 254,705 1 88,636 Sinaloa 

New Leon 21,200 113,419 Monterey 

Coahulia and Texas 1 93,600 1 25,400 Leona Vicario 

Ter. of Santa Fe 214,800 .... 150,000 .... Santa Fe 

Do. Up. California 376,344 25,400 Monterey 

Do. L. California 57,021 13,419 Loreto 



Totals. . . .1,690,304 7,011,899 

The Territories of Tlascala and Colima consist of those cities respectively, 
together with a very limited extent of contiguous country. 

The country out of which this republic has been formed, is peculiar as re- 



160 



MEXICO. 



spects the features of its geography. It extends from lat. 15° 50' to 42° N* 5 
the intermediate space embracing every variety of soil, from the most recent 
alluvion to mountain valleys, or rather plains, of near 8000 feet above the con- 
tiguous oceans. These elevated plains are again broken and decorated by col- 
lossal summits, rising from 12 to upwards of 17,000 feet. 

In one of those aerial valleys, stands the city of Mexico, 7,400 feet above the 
level of the Gulf of Mexico. From this difference of elevation, and from em- 
bracing such an extensive range within and without the tropics, Mexico may be 
considered as possessing every climate of the earth, and capable of producing 
every vegetable necessary to the wants or the luxuries of human life. Its me- 
tallic wealth is no less abundant than its vegetables. From its bowels are 
extracted many of the most useful, and all the precious metals. 

Mexico is perhaps better calculated than any other part of the earth, to form 
a political community capable of producing within its own limits, all that the 
necessities, the arts, or elegancies of society can demand. 

Mexico has no slaves worth notice ; that class of its population not amount 
ing, at the utmost, to more than 10,000 ; or as 1 to 584 of the entire body of 
the people. The civilized Indians form more than two*fifths of the whole, and 
are the laboring, productive, and efficient, though not the ruling people. 

The manufactures of Mexico are said to be very considerable, consisting of 
cotton, wool, leather, tobacco, gunpowder, &c. ; but as no recent account has 
been received of them, a description will be omitted. 

Mines Every reader knows, that those of the precious metals are generally 
1 ' found among mountains ; and that this is the country of silver and 
gold. The annual produce, in ordinary years, used seldom to fall below 
$22,000,000 of silver. The gold is found in little straw-like fragments and 
veins. The richest mine, in its yield of native silver, is Bartopilas in New 
Biscay. In most of them, the metal is extracted from red, black, muriated and 
sulphuretted ores of silver. In South America, the chief mines are found on 
the summits of the Andes, in the regions of perpetual frost and ice. In Mexico, 
on the contrary, the richest, such as those of Guanaxuato, Zacatecas, Tasco, 
and Real de Monte, are found between 5,500 and 6,500 feet high. The climate 
is delightful, and the vicinity abounds with forests, and every facility to work 
the mines to advantage. A catalogue of the names of 50 mines might easily 
be given, extending from Santa Fe, at the sources of the Rio del Norte, to the 
Pacific. 

Mexico has but few good harbors ; some of the best and most frequented are 
Vera Cruz and Tampico on the gulf of Mexico ; and Acapulco and San Bias 
on the Pacific Ocean. Vera Cruz is the port through which most of the com- 
merce between Mexico and Europe has been carried on. 

In the tropical regions the year is divided into only two seasons, called the 
rainy and the dry. The rainy season commences in June or July, and con- 
tinues about four months, till September or October, when the dry season com- 
mences and continues about eight months. On the low lands upon the coast, 
the climate is hot and unhealthy. On the declivity of the Cordillera at the 
elevation of 4 or 5000 feet, there reigns perpetually a soft spring temperature, 
which never varies more than eight or nine degrees. At the elevation of 7000 
feet, commences another region, the mean temperature of which is about 60°. 
Mexico is in this region, and the thermometer there has been known in a few 
instances to descend below the freezing point. It never rises above 75°. 

The productions of this country are as various as its climate. In the course 
of a few hundred miles, you may meet with almost all the fruits of the temper- 
ate and torrid zones. The soil of the table land is remarkably productive. 
Maize is far the most important object of agriculture, and in some places, from 
two to three harvests may be taken annually. Wheat, rye, and barley are 
extensively cultivated. 



GUATEMALA. 



161 



The shores of the bays of Honduras and Campeachy have been long cele- 
brated for their immense forests of logwood and mahogany. A great com- 
merce is carried on in these articles ; likewise in cocoa and cochineal, which 
are also products of this country. Here likewise grow those trees which pro- 
duce the balsams copaiva and tolu. But what most distinguishes this country 
are its immensely valuable mines of gold, silver, and precious stones. 

Its silver mines are the richest in the world, and have for a long time pro- 
duced annually ten times as much silver as all the mines in Europe. Some 
of these mines are regarded as curiosities ; and one of them is excavated eight 
miles in length, and 1640 feet in depth. 

In 1521, the Spaniards under Cortez subdued Mexico, which was, at that 
time, under the government of the emperor Montezuma ; and in 1821, the 
Mexicans declared themselves independent of Spain. 



GUATEMALA, or CENTRAL AMERICA. 

Guatimala consists of a long isthmus, forming the southernmost part of 
North America, and lying between the Caribbean sea and the Pacific ocean. 
It was formerly subject to Spain, but was declared independent in 1821 ; and 
it has since been named, from its situation, the Republic of Central America. 

Volcanoes are extremely numerous, and some of them terrific ; no less than 
20 are in constant activity. The general appearance of the soil is extremely 
fertile, and Guatimala produces abundantly corn, cochineal, grapes, honey, 
wax, cotton, fine wool, and dye-woods. The population has been estimated 
at 2,000,000. 

Length from north-west to south-east, 1000 miles. The settled parts are 
chiefly along the Pacific ocean, and average about 100 miles in width. The 
whole of Central America is subdivided into the provinces of Chiapa, Vera 
Paz, Guatimala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. The country is exces- 
sively mountainous, and volcanoes are numerous. 

St. Juan is the principal river. The chief towns are Guatimala, the capital ; 
Nicaragua, and Leon. The minerals are gold and silver. 



BRITISH AMERICA. 

"British America is a vast extent of country, comprehending all the north- 
ern part of the continent, except the Russian possessions in the north-west, 
and Greenland on the north-east. 

It comprises Lower Canada, Upper Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Bruns- 
wick ; the islands of Newfoundland, St. John's, and Cape Breton ; and the 
vast region of New Britain, or Hudsonia. 

The government of the whole country is under a governor-general, whose 
residence is at Quebec ; and each of the provinces has a lieutenant-governor. 

The established religion is that of the Church of England, and there are 
two bishops, one residing at Quebec, and the other at Halifax ; but most of the 
inhabitants of Lower Canada are Catholics. 



LOWER CANADA. 

Lower Canada extends from lat. 45° to 52° N., and from long. 14° E. to 
3° 30' W. from Washington ; bounded S. by the United States, W. by Upper 



162 



LOWER CANADA. 



Canada, N. by the territories of the Hudson Bay Company, and E. by the Gulf 
of St. Lawrence ; reaching about 500 miles from S. to N., and 500 from E* 
to W., with an area of 120,000 square miles. It is divided into four large dis- 
tricts, Montreal, Three Rivers, Quebec, and Gaspe. 

Lower Canada lies on both sides of the St. Lawrence, and is separated from 
Upper Canada by the Utawas. 

The great river St. Lawrence forms the most striking feature of the country. 
The other principal rivers are the Saguenai, St. Maurice, Chaudiere, St. Fran- 
cis, Richelieu or Sorel, and Utawas. The cities are Quebec and Montreal. 

The country is intersected by ridges of mountains, with fertile valleys inter- 
vening ; but the greater part is still covered with forests. The most populous 
part of Lower Canada consists of a fertile valley, mostly level, through the 
middle of which the St. Lawrence flows. The climate is subject to great ex- 
tremes of heat and cold. The winters are long and severe : the thermometer 
sometimes rises, in summer, to 100 degrees, and sinks, in winter, to 40 below 0. 

In a state of nature, Lower Canada was covered with an immense forest of 
very lofty timber, much of which yet remains. The settlements extend along 
or near the streams, in general where the soil is most fertile, and means of 
navigation most attainable. In the angle N. from lat. 45° N. to the St. Law- 
rence river, the soil is generally very productive, and settlements advancing 
rapidly. Eastward of this triangle, to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the country 
is hilly, broken, barren, and but very thinly settled. From the Mingan settle- 
ment, on the north side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, to a short distance above 
Quebec, the left shore of that great stream is rocky and precipitous. This 
range of hills leaves the river below the mouth of St. Maurice, and extends 
towards the Utawas, which it intersects about 120 miles above its junction with 
the St. Lawrence. A very productive body of land is inclosed between this 
ridge and the respective rivers. Beyond this latter tract, and the margin of 
the streams, the country to the northward is but very imperfectly known. 
The population of Lower Canada in 1830 was as follows : 

District of Montreal 287,119 

" Quebec 151,167 

" Three Rivers 56,279 

" Gaspe 1,003 

Total .... 495,568 
Lower Canada is favorably situated for commerce. Some of the principal 
exports are fur, timber, and potashes. 

This country was originally settled by the French, and as many as four- 
fifths of the present inhabitants are descendants of that nation. They live in 
great simplicity, resembling a European peasantry ; are polite and peaceable, 
but possessed of little enterprise, and their education is too generally neglected. 

Their houses are built of stone and plastered ; ■ are made extremely warm by 
means of stoves ; but are seldom of more than one story, except in the towns. 
The government is in the hands of a governor, Heutenant-gOTtrnor, execu- 
tive council, who are appointed by the king, and a house of assembly, who are 
representatives of the people. The prevailing religion is Roman Catholic ; of 
.his persuasion there is a bishop of Quebec, a coadjutor, with the title of bishop 
of Salde, nine vicars general, and about 200 curates and missionaries, spread 
over the different districts of the province. The revenues of the Catholic clergy 
are derived in part from grants made of land to them under the ancient regime. 
The spiritual concerns of the Protestants are under the guidance of the Lord 
Bishop of Quebec, nine rectors, and a competent number of other clergymen, 
who are supported in part by annual stipends from the government, and the 
appropriations of one-seventh of all granted lands. 



UPPER CANADA. 



163 




FALLS OF MONTMORENCI. 



The Montmorenci falls into the St. Lawrence seven miles below Quebec. 
The river, just above its junction with the St. Lawrence, after passing through 
a wild and thickly wooded country, over a bed of barren rocks, with precipi- 
tous brinks of lime-stone, from 200 to 300 feet in height, rushes down a preci- 
pice of 240 feet. The cataract is almost perpendicular ; the deviation being 
just sufficient to break the water completely into foam and spray. The width 
of the river, at the top of the falls, is about 60 feet, but the stream dilates in 
descending. 

In its fall the water has the exact appearance of snow, when thrown in heaps 
from the roof of a house. The effect on the beholder is most delightful. The 
river at some distance seems suspended in the air, in a sheet of billowy foam ; 
and contrasted with the black frowning abyss, into which it falls, is an object 
of the highest interest. On a near approach, the impressions of grandeur and 
sublimity are finely blended with those of extraordinary beauty. 

The spray here, as at other similar cataracts, serves as a medium for forming 
the most beautiful rainbows. In the winter the spray freezes, and forms a 
regular cone, of sometimes 100 feet in height, standing immediately at the bot- 
tom of the cataract. 



UPPER CANADA. 

Upper Canada is bounded N. by the territory of the Hudson's Bay Com- 
pany ; N. E. and E. by Lower Canada ; S. E. and S. by the United States ; 
on the W. and N. W. no limits have been assigned to it. 

In 1830 it contained the following districts and population :— 

Gore 23,552 

Home 32,871 

Western 9,970 

Niagara. 21,974 

London 26,180 

Newcastle 16,498 

Midland 36,322 

Ottawa 4,456 

Bathurst 20,113 

Eastern 11,168 

Johnstown 21,961 

Total .234,865 

These districts are subdivided into counties, and the counties into townships 
These townships are laid out principally along the banks of the St. Law* 



164 



UPPER CANADA. 



rence, Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, and Lake St. Clair, and extend back for a 
distance, varying from 40 to 50 miles. The soil throughout is scarcely excelled 
by any portion of North America. In the rear of the townships are large 
tracts of land stretching far to the north, covered with immense forests, and 
little known except to the Indians ; but it has been ascertained that there arc 
many large tracts of rich soil. The climate is salubrious. The winters are 
shorter and milder than in Lower Canada. The spring opens usually from six 
weeks to two months earlier than at Quebec. The population of Upper Canada 
has increased with great rapidity. In 1783, it did not exceed 10,000 souls. 
In 1814, it was 95,000 ; and in 1830, 234,865. 

For the defence of the Canadas, a regular military establishment is main- 
tained by the British government, amounting in common to between 20,000 and 
30,000 men. This force is stationed at various points along the great line of 
the St. Lawrence. 

There are two large canals in Upper Canada ; Welland Canal, connecting 
lakes Erie and Ontario, 41 miles long ; and Rideau Canal, connecting lake 
Ontario with the river Utawas, 160 miles long. 

The Welland Canal commences near the mouth of Grand river on Lake Erie, 
40 miles north-west of Buffalo. It connects Lake Erie and Lake Ontario by 
canal navigation, overcoming all the descent of Niagara Falls and Niagara 
river between the two lakes. It admits vessels of 125 tons, being wider and 
deeper than any other canal in the country, except the Delaware and Chesa- 
peake. The elevation overcome by the locks is 320 feet. The canal required 
prodigious excavations, in some places through solid stone. The "Ravine 
Locks" are said to be the most striking canal spectacle to be seen in America. 
Climate of The extremes of heat and cold are astonishing; Fahrenheit's ther- 
the canadas mometer in the months of July and August, rising to 100°, and yet 
in general. w - n |. er ^ Q mercur y generally freezes. Changes of weather, how- 
ever, are less frequent, and the seasons more regular than in the United States. 
Snow not unfrequently begins to fall in October, and increases in November ; 
in December the clouds are generally dissolved, and the sky assumes a bright 
hue, continuing for weeks without a single cloud. 

Here, however, winter is the season for amusement, and the sledges drawn 
by one or two horses, afford a speedy and pleasant conveyance in travelling ; 
but on going abroad, all parts of the body, except the eyes, must be thickly 
covered with furs. 

In May the thaw comes on suddenly, and in its progress the ice on the river 
St. Lawrence bursts with the noise of cannon, and passes towards the ocean 
with tremendous rapidity and violence. The progress of vegetation is aston- 
ishing. Spring has scarcely appeared before it is succeeded by summer. In 
a few days the trees regain their foliage, and the fields are clothed with the 
richest verdure. September, generally, is one of the most agreeable months. 

The Canadian horses are mostly small and heavy ; but very brisk on the 
road, travelling at the rate of 8 or 9 miles an hour. The calash, a sort of one 
horse chaise, capable of holding two persons and a driver, is the carriage most 
generally in use. 

The Canadians have a species of large dogs which are used in drawing 
burdens. They are yoked into little carts : in this way people frequently go 
to market. Sometimes they perform long journeys in the winter season, on 
the snow, by half a dozen or more of these animals yoked into a cariole or 
sledge. 

The river St. Lawrence is the only channel, by which the commodities of 
these two provinces have hitherto found their way to the ocean. The principal 
exports consist of oak and pine timber, deals, masts, and bowsprits, spars of all 
denominations, staves, pot and pearl ashes, peltry, wheat, flour, biscuit, Indian 
corn, pulse, salt provisions, fish, and other miscellaneous articles, which employ 



UPPER CANADA. 



165 



generally about 150,000 tons of shipping. In return for these are imported, 
wines, rum, sugar, molasses, coffee, tobacco, salt, coals, and manufactured 
produce from Great Britain. 

The government of Upper Canada is administered by a lieutenant-governor, 
(who is almost always a military officer,) a legislative council, an executive 
council, and a house of assembly. The legislative council consists of not less 
than 7 members, of which the chief justice of the province is president, and 
wherein the bishop of Quebec has a seat ; the members are appointed by man- 
damus from the king, and hold their seats, under certain restrictions, for life. 
The executive council is composed of 6 members ; the chief justice is president, 
and the bishop of Quebec likewise has a seat in it. The house of assembly is 
composed of 25 members, who are returned from the 23 counties ; the dura- 
tion of the assembly is limited to 4 years. The civil and criminal law is ad- 
ministered by a chief justice and two puisne judges. There is a court of king's 
bench, common pleas, and a court of appeal. The expense of the civil list is 
defrayed by Great Britain. 




FALLS OF NIAGARA. 



The Falls of Niagara are esteemed the grandest object of the kind in the 
world. Though there are other falls which have a greater perpendicular 
descent, yet there is none in the known world where so great a mass of water 
is precipitated from so great a height. 

The distance of the falls above Lake Ontario is 14 miles, and below Lake 
Erie 23 miles on the New York side, and 21 on the Canada side. At the dis- 
tance of a mile and three-quarters above the falls, the river begins to descend 
with a rapid and powerful current. At the falls, it turns with a right angle to 
the north-east, and is suddenly contracted in width, from three miles to three- 
fourths of a mile. Below the cataract, the river is only half a mile wide, but 
its depth is said to exceed 300 feet. The descent within 10 miles is about 300 
feet, and from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario 334 feet. The agitation and rapid 
current continue about 8 miles below the cataract, nearly to Queenstown, and 
the river does not become sufficiently calm to admit of navigation till it reaches 
that place. Below the falls, it is inclosed in perpendicular banks 300 feet 
high. The best single view of the cataract is that from Table Rock, on the 
Canada side ; the best view of the rapids is from Goat Island, which is con- 
nected with the eastern shore by a bridge. 

The precipice over which the river descends, is formed by the brow of a vast 
bed of lime. The perpendicular descent, according to the measurement of 
Major Prescot, is 151 feet. The descent is perpendicular, except that rocks 
are hollowed underneath the surface, particularly on the western side. The 
cataract is divided into two parts by Goat, or Iris Island, which occupies one- 
fifth or one-sixth of the whole breadth. The principal channel is on the west- 
ern side, and is called the Horse-shoe Fall, from its shape. The eastern chan- 



166 



UPPER CANADA. 



nel is divided by another small island. The descent on the eastern side is 
stated at 162 feet, being greater than on the western, but the water is more 
hollow. The quantity of water discharged in an hour, is computed at about 
100,000,000 tons. 

The noise of the falls resembles the hoarse roar of the ocean ; being much 
graver, or less shrill than that of smaller cataracts. It is not unfrequently 
heard at York, 50 miles distant. When two persons stand very near each 
other, they can mutually hear their ordinary conversation ; when removed to 
a small distance, they are obliged to halloo, and when removed a little farther, 
they cannot be heard at all. Every sound is drowned in the tempest of noise 
made by the water ; and all else in the regions of nature appears to be dumb. 
The noise is a vast thunder, filling the heavens, shaking the earth, and leaving 
the mind, although perfectly conscious of safety and affected with a sense of 
grandeur only, lost and astonished, swelling with emotions which engross all 
its faculties, and mock the power of utterance. 

A large majestic cloud of vapor rises without intermission from the whole 
breadth of the river below ; and ascending with a slow solemn progress, partly 
spreads itself down the stream by an arching and wonderfully magnificent 
motion ; and partly mounts to heaven, blown into every wild fantastical form ; 
when separated into smaller clouds, it successively floats away through the 
atmosphere. This cloud is said to be visible at the distance of 60 or 70 miles. 

" In the mist produced by all cataracts," observes Dr. Dwight, from whom 
this account is chiefly extracted, " rainbows are ordinarily seen in proper posi- 
tions when the sun shines ; always, indeed, unless when the vapor is too rare. 
Twice, while we were here, the sun broke through the clouds, and lighted up in 
a moment the most lucid rainbow that I ever beheld. In each instance the 
phenomenon continued a long time, and left us in perfect leisure to enjoy its 
splendors. It commenced near the precipice, and extended, so far as I was 
able to judge, at least a mile down the river. In one respect, both these rain- 
bows differed widely from all others which I had seen. The red, orange, and 
yellow were so vivid, as to excite in our whole company strong emotions of 
surprise and pleasure, while the green, blue, indigo, and violet, were certainly 
not more brilliant than those which are usually seen on the bosom of a shower. 

" The emotions excited by a view of this stupendous scene, are unutterable. 
When the spectator casts his eye over the long ranges of ragged cliffs, which 
form the shores of this great river below the cataract ; cliffs 150 feet in height, 
"bordering it with lonely gloom and grandeur, and shrouded everywhere by 
shaggy forests ; when he surveys the precipice above, stretching with so great 
an amplitude, rising to a great height, and presenting at a single view its awful 
brow, with an impression not a little enhanced by the division which the island 
forms between the two great branches of the river ; when he contemplates the 
enormous mass of water pouring from this astonishing height in sheets so vast, 
and with a force so amazing ; when, turning his eye to the mighty mass, and 
listening to the majestic sound which fills the heavens, his mind is overwhelmed 
by thoughts too great, and by impressions too powerful, to permit the current 
of the intellect to flow with serenity. The disturbance of his mind resembles 
that of the waters beneath him. His bosom swells with emotions never before 
felt ; his thoughts labor in a manner never before known. The pleasure is 
exquisite, but violent. The conceptions are clear and strong, but rapid and 
tumultuous. The struggle within is discovered by the fixedness of his position, 
the solemnity of his aspect, and the intense gaze of his eye. When he moves, 
his motions appear uncontrived. When he is spoken to, he is silent; or if he 
speaks, his answers are short, wandering from the subject, and indicating that 
absence of mind which is the result of laboring contemplation." 



NEW BRITAIN, NOVA SCOTIA, AND NEW BRUNSWICK. 167 



NEW BRUNSWICK. 

Bounded N. by Lower Canada ,* E. by the Gulf of St. Lawrence : S. by 
the Bay of Fundy and Nova Scotia ; and W. by the United States. 

The principal rivers are the St. Johns, Miramichi and Ristigouche. The 
lands on the rivers, especially on the St. John, are very fertile, and the set- 
tlements lie principally on this river and on the Miramichi. Coal of a 
superior quality is found on the Grand Lake near St. John's river. The tract 
of country so prolific in gypsum, commences in this province at Martin's 
head on the bay of Fundy, and extends east into Nova Scotia. The chief 
articles of export are lumber, codfish, salmon, and herring. The principal 
ports are St. John, St. Andrew, Miramichi, and the West Isles. The province 
is divided into 8 counties. Fredericton is the capital. St. John is the largest 
town. Population 80,000. 

New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, in most particulars, are very similar. 
The face of the country is neither mountainous, nor quite level. There are 
several rivers, among which those of Annapolis and St. Johns are the most 
considerable. The soil is, in general, thin and barren, particularly on the coasts. 
In some parts there are very extensive tracts of marsh, which are rich and 
productive. Both the soil and the climate are unfavorable to the cultivation of 
grain, and the inhabitants do not raise provision sufficient for their own con- 
sumption. The fisheries, however, compensate in some measure for the 
sterility of the soil. The coast abounds with cod, salmon, mackerel, haddock, 
and herring. Their chief exports are fish and lumber. Coal is found in Nova 
Scotia ; and plaster-of-Paris, particularly at Windsor, from whence large quan- 
tities are imported into the United States. 



NOVA SCOTIA. 

Nova Scotia is a large peninsula, about 300 miles long, and is separated 
from New Brunswick, in part, by the Bay of Fundy. 

The Bay of Fundy is remarkable for its tides, which rise to the height of 30 7 
and sometimes, in the narrowest part, even to 60 feet. The rise is so rapid 
that cattle feeding on the shore are often overtaken and drowned. 

The chief towns are Halifax and Annapolis. Population 130,000. 

It extends from Cape Sable, its most southern point, in lat. 43° 23' to 49° 
30' N., and from 60° 15' to 67° W. long. 



NEW BRITAIN. 

The country lying round Hudson's bay, or the country of the Esquimaux, 
comprehending Labrador, New North and South Wales, has obtained the 
general name of New Britain, and is attached to the government of Lower 
Canada. 

That part called Labrador is full of frightful mountains, many of which are 
of a stupendous height. The valleys present numerous lakes, and produce 
only a few stunted trees. In the parallel of 60° north latitude, all vegetation 
ceases. Such is the intenseness of the cold in the winter, that brandy and even 
quicksilver freezes into a solid mass; rocks often burst with a tremendous 
noise, equal to that of the heaviest artillery. At Nain, Okkak, and Hopedale* 
the Moravian missionaries have settlements. 



168 GREENLAND. 

In New North and South Wales the face of the country has not quite the 
same aspect of unconquerable sterility as that of Labrador, and the climate, 
although in the same parallel of latitude, is a little less rigorous. But it is only 




INDIAN VILLAGE. 



the coasts of these immense regions that are known, the interior having never 
yet been explored. The natives are called Esquimaux. Some factories and 
forts for the purpose of carrying on the fur trade with the Indians, are estab- 
lished by the Hudson's Bay and North-west companies. 

The trade of the former is confined to the neighborhood of Hudson's bay ; 
that of the latter extends from lake Winnipeg to the Rocky mountains and the 
Frozen Ocean. The North-west company is composed of Montreal merchants. 
The usual mode of travelling in this country is in birch bark canoes. With 
these the inhabitants pass up and down the rivers and lakes, and when they 
meet with a rapid, or wish to pass from one river to another, they get out of 
the canoe and carry it on their shoulders. In this way, the men engaged m 
the fur trade travel thousands of miles, and carry all their goods. 

The principal rivers are the Mackenzie, Nelson, Saskashawan, Severn, and 
Albany. 

The largest lakes are Winnepeg, Athapeskow, Slave Lake, and Great Bear 
Lake. 



GREENLAND 

WHICH BELONGS TO DENMARK. 




WHALE FISHERY. 



GREEisi.jk.ivD, a country, bounded E. by the Atlantic, and separated from 
Labrador on the south-west by Davis' straits. It is not ascertained whether it 
is a peninsula or an island, although the recent discoveries in the Polar regions 



GREENLAND. 



109 



render it highly probable that it is wholly detached from the continent. It ex- 
tends as far south as Cape Farewell, in lat. 59° 30' N. Its northern limits are 
unknown. The eastern coast is commonly called East Greenland, and the 
western, West Greenland, but the whale fishers call the whole West Green- 
land, and apply the name East Greenland to Spitzbergen and the adjacent 
islands. Nothing is known of this extensive country, but its coast. The in- 
terior is wholly inaccessible, on account of the everlasting ice with which its 
mountains are covered. The eastern coast also has, for centuries, been cut off 
from European intercourse, by the vast bodies of ice with which its shores are 
lined. The severity of the climate forbids the growth of every thing but a few 
stinted trees and shrubs. The whole population does not exceed 20,000 ; and 
they are confined to the coast, deriving a miserable subsistence from seals, 
birds, and fishes ; and are sometimes under the necessity of living on sea- weed 
and train oil. The natives were formerly Pagans, and addicted to some cruel 
customs, but through the instrumentality of the Moravian missionaries, they 
have, to a considerable extent, been converted to Christianity. 

Icy Peak, an enormous mass of ice, rises near the mouth of a soil and 
river, and diffuses such a brilliancy through the air, that it is seen at C0UjUr y- 
the distance of more than 30 miles. The country along the sea shore presents 
rugged masses of rock interspersed with huge blocks of ice, indicating the 
conflict of chaos and winter. The interior is covered with a chain of innu- 
merable mountains, most of which are unexplored. Coal and various minerals 
and useful and beautiful fossils have been discovered here. 

Smoke is frequently observed arising from the crevices of marine ice. The 
rare occurrence of rain, the small quantity of snow, and the intense degree of cold 
produced by the north-east wind, lead us to suppose that the north-east parts 
of Greenland constitute a great Archipelago, encumbered with perpetual ice 
which for many centuries has been piled together by the winds and currents. 

Hares, reindeer, white bears, foxes, and lame do^s, that howl in- . 

oo 7 Animals 

stead of barking, and are employed by the Greenlanders in drawing 
their sledges, comprise the animals of this country. Immense flocks of sea 
fowl frequent the rivers and shores. The rivers abound in salmon and the seas 
in turbots and herrings. It is a curious fact, that those animals, whose blood 
is of the temperature of the sea, are found in greatest numbers under these icy 
fields and mountains. The inhabitants of North Greenland pursue the whale 
— and those of South Greenland the seal. The flesh of the animals is their 
chief food. The skins of the seals serve them for clothing, and as the mate- 
rial for their boats. Their tendons are used for thread, their bladders as 
bottles, their fat sometimes as butter, and at other times as tallow, and their 
blood is considered by the Greenlander the richest broth. 
The exports are in value from 50 to 100,000 rix-dollars. 



W 



GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY 

OF 

NORTH AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES. 



AAR- 

AARONSBURG, t. Centre Co. Pa., si- 
tuated about one mile E. of Elk Creek, which 
unites with Penn's Creek and falls into the 
Susquehannah, 5 miles below Sunbury. It is 
40 miles W. N. W. Sunbury, 160 W. N. W. 
Philadelphia, and 204 miles from Washing- 
ton City. Lat. 49° 53' N. Long. 77° 33' W. 
It contains a German, Lutheran and a Calvi- 
nistic church. 

ABBEVILLE, district of S. C. having Pen- 
dleton district NW., Laurens NE., Edgefield 
SE., and the Savannah river SW. It is about 
31 m. in length and breadth, having a super- 
ficies of about 1000 sq. ms. The surface is 
agreeably variegated with hill and dale, and a 
considerable part of the soil is rich and well 
watered. Pop. 28,134. 

ABBEVILLE, t. and cap. Abbeville district, 
S. C. ; 120 W. Columbia, from W. 624 m. It 
contains a court-house, a jail, an arsenal, and 
a magazine. 

ABBOTSTOWN, t. York co. Pa.; 18 S. 
York, from W. 86 m. 

ABINGDON, t Hartford co.Md.; 1 WSW. 
Hartford, 26 NE. Baltimore. Pop. 300. Cokes- 
bury College, a Methodist seminary, was estab- 
lished in this town in 1785, but the building 
was burnt several years since, and has not 
been rebuilt. 

ABINGDON, t. and cap. Washington co. 
Va. ; 320 WSW. Richmond, from W. 404 m. 
Lat. 36° 37' N. It is a considerable town, and 
contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, 
an academy, and a Presbyterian church. Here 
is a remarkable cave. 

ABINGTON, t. Plymouth co. Mass. ; 18 S. 
Boston, 20 NW. Plymouth, from W. 452 m. 
Pop. 2,423. It is a pleasant town, and contains 
three Congregational meeting-houses. 

ABINGTON, t. Luzerne co. Pa.; from W. 
254 m. 

ABINGTON, t. Montgomery co, Pa., 11 N 
Philadelphia. Pop. 1,236. 

ABSECOMBE, v. Gloucester co. N. J. 

ACAPULCO, or Los Reges, t Mexico, on 
the coast of the Pacific ocean. Its port is one 
of the finest in the world, and capable of con- 
taining any number of vessels in perfect safety. 
The principal trade of Acapulco was formerly 
with Manilla, one of the Philippine islands, to 
which it for a long period sent out annually a 
large vessel, called a galleon. The lading from 
Acapulco to Manilla generally consisted of silver, 
a very small quantity of cochineal from Oaxaca, 
of cocoa from Guayaquil and Caraccas, wine, 



-ADA 

oil, and Spanish wool. The value of the pre. 
cious metals, exported in a single vessel, in- 
cluding what is not registered, amounted in 
general to about £200,000. 

ACADIA, district, La. between lake Maure- 
pas and the Mississippi. Pop. 3,955. 

ACCOMAC, co. Va. ; bounded N. by Mary- 
land, E. by the Atlantic, S. by Northampton co. 
and W. by Chesapeake bay. Pop. 19,656; 
Slaves, 4,654. Chief town, Drummondtown. 

ACCUSHNET, r. Mass, which flows into 
New Bedford harbor. 

ACHORSTOWN, t. Columbiana co. Ohio ; 
from W. 297 m. 

ACQUASCO, v. Prince George's co. Md. ; 
from W. 38 m. 

ACTON, t. Windham co. Vt.; 33 SSW. 
Windsor. Pop. 245. 

ACTON, t. Middlesex co. Mass. ; 24 NW. 
Boston, from W. 458 m. Pop. 885. 

ACWORTH, t. Cheshire co. N. H. ; 6 ESE. 
Charleston, 72 WNW. Portsmouth, from W. 
466 m. Pop. 1,523. 

ADAIE, co. Ky. having Barren co. W. 
Greene NW. Casey NE. Wayne and Pulaski, 
or Cumberland r. and Wolfer SE. and Cum- 
berland co. S. Adair co. has a mean length 
and breadth of about 28 m. area 800 sq. ms. 
the face of the country broken and the soil 
diversified. Chief town, Columbia. 

ADAMS, t. Coos co. N. H. ; E. of the White 
mountains ; 90 N. Portsmouth. Pop. 244. 

ADAMS, t. Berkshire co. Mass.; 29 N. 
Lenox, 120 WNW. Boston, from W. 402 m. 
Pop. 1,763. It is a valuable township, and has 
2 post villages 5 or 6 miles apart, each con- 
taining a meeting-house ; the north village con- 
tains also 2 cotton manufactories ; and there 
are likewise 2 cotton manufactories near the S. 
village. There is besides a Quaker meeting- 
house in the town. This place is remarkable 
for a deep excavation, 40 rods in length, and, 
in some places, 60 feet deep, formed by Hud- 
son's brook, in a quarry of white marble. A 
natural bridge 14 feet long, 10 feet broad, and 
62 feet high is formed over this channel by the 
projection of rocks. 

ADAMS, co. Pa. having Frederick co. Md. 
S. Franklin co. Pa. W. Cumberland NW. and 
NE. and E. It is about 20 ms. in length, and 
18 wide ; area 360 sq. ms. Chief town, Get- 
tysburg. The surface of this county is ex- 
tremely diversified with hill and dale. The 
soil is also of the different qualities from the 
worst to the best. The whole co. is well wa- 
tered. Pop. 1820, 19,681 ; in 1830, 21,379. 



172 



ADA— ALB 



ADAMS, t. Darke co. Ohio. Pop. 343. 

ADAMS, co. in the western part of Illinois. 
Chief town, Quincy. Pop. 2,186. 

ADAMS, v. Dauphin co. Pa. 

ADAMS, t. Hyde co. N. C. NE. 150 m. 
from Raleigh. 

ADAMS, t. Washington co. Ohio, E. of Mus- 
kingum river. Pop. 1810, 620 ; in 1820, 324. 

ADAMS, t. of Washington co. Ohio. Pop. 
in 1820, 174. 

ADAMS, co. Ohio, having Brown W. High- 
land and Pike N. Sciota E. and the Ohio river 
S. This co. is about 20 ms. sq., area about 
400 sq. ms. the surface much broken, the soil 
in general fertile and well watered. Chief 
town, West Union. Pop. in 1820, 10,432 ; in 
"■830, 12,278. 

ADAMS, co. Mis. bounded W. by the Mis- 
sissippi river, S. by Wilkinson co. E. by Frank- 
lin, and N. by Jefferson ; length 40 m., mean 
width about 15 ; area 600 sq. ms. The face of 
this co. is diversified by hill and dale. Fruits, 
peaches, some apples, and abundance of figs. 
Chief towns, Natchez and Washington. Pop. 
in 1820, 12,073, in 1830, 14,919. 

ADAMSBURG, v. Westmoreland Co. Pa. 
145 m. W. from Harrisburg. 

ADAMSVILLE, v. Washington co. N. Y. 
57 m. N. from Albany. 

ADAMSVILLE, v. Marlborough district, S. 
C. by post-road. 106 m. NE. from Columbia. 

ADDISON, t. of Washington Co. Maine, 
W. 16 m. from Machias. Pop. in 1820, 519 ; 
m 1830, 741. 

ADDISON, co. Vermont, having lake Cham- 
plain W., Chittenden N., Washington and Or- 
ange E., and Rutland S. Mean length 25 m. I 
mean breadth 20 ; area about 500 sq. ms. 
Though not mountainous, it is finely variega- 
ted by hill and dale. Otter river flows through 
this co. and by its numerous branches affords 
much fine land and excellent mill seats. Chief 
towns, Vergennes and Middleburg. Pop. in 
1820, 20,620 ; in 1830, 24,940. 

ADDISON, t. Steuben cc, N. Y. 15 m. S. 
from Bath. Pop. 944, 

ADELPHI, t. Ross co. Ohio, about 20 m. 
NE. from Chillicothe, from W. 392 ms. 

AGAWAM, r. Mass. which runs into the 
sea at Wareham. 

AGAWAM, v. in the township of W Spring- 
field, Hampden co. Mass. near the entrance of 
Westfield river into the Connecticut, 2 m. SW. 
from Springfield ; from W. 366 m. 

AGAWAM, the name of Westfield river 
towards its mouth, 

AHPMOOJEENE-GAMOOK lake, Maine, 
20 ms. N. from Moosehead lake. 

AIR, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,179. 

AKANSAS, see page 155. 

ALABAMA, state, see page 112. 

ALABAMA, t. Monroe co. Alabama, on Al- 
abama river, 10 m. below Fort Jackson. 

ALABAMA, r. in the state of Alabama, is 
formed by the union of the Coosa and Talla- 
poosa, and flowing SSW. unites with the Tom- 
bigbee to form Mobile river, 45 m. from the 
head of Mobile Bay. From its mouth to the 
mouth of the Cahawba, 210 m. it has 4 or 5 feet 



water ; and ff om the mouth of/the Cahawba to 
the forks of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, 3 feet 
in the shallowest places. It is navigable for 
sloops to Fort Claiborne. 

ALABASTER, or Eleuthera, one of the Ba- 
hama islands, on the great Bahama bank. The 
climate is healthy. It produces pine-apples for 
exportation. There is a small fort and garri- 
son on the island/ Long. 76° 22' to 76° 56' W. 
Lat. 24° 40' to 26° 30' N. 

ALACHUA SAVANNAH, in E. Florida, 
75 m. W. from St. Augustine, 50 m. in circum- 
ference, without a tree or bush, but is encircled 
with hills, covered with forests and orange 
groves, on a very rich soil. The ancient Ala- 
chua Indian town stood on the borders of this 
savannah ; but the Indians removed to Cusco- 
willa, two miles distant, on account of the un- 
healthiness of the former site. 

ALACRANES, a long range of hidden 
rocks, shoals, and banks, on the S. side of the 
gulf of Mexico, opposite the coast of Yucatan, 
E. from Stone Bank, and W. from Cape St. An- 
tonio. N. lat. 23°, between 89° and 91° W. 
long. Navigators pass round them, though 
there are some good channels and soundings. 

ALBANY, t. Oxford co. Maine, 18 m. NW. 
from Paris. Pop. 288. 

ALBANY, t. Orleans co. Vt. 40 m. NNE. 
from Montpelier. 

ALBANY, co. N. Y. on Hudson r. Pop. 
53,560. Chief town, Albany. 

ALBANY, city, Albany co. the capital of 
New York, and the second town in population, 
wealth and commerce in the state, stands on 
the W. bank of the Hudson, 150 m. N. of New 
I York, 165 W. of Boston, 230 S. of Montreal, 
and 376 from W. N. lat. 42° 39'. E. long. 3° 
17' from W. Most of the ancient Dutch build- 
ings, which formerly gave it such a grotesque 
aspect, have disappeared. It is now neatly 
and in some parts handsomely built. It con- 
tains 10 public buildings. The capital, built 
upon the upper portion of the city, has an ele- 
vated position. It is 115 feet in length, and 
90 in breadth. The academy, directly north 
of it, is a spacious and showy building. The 
Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank and the Alba- 
ny Bank, at the bottom of State street, are of 
white marble. The Museum is a handsome 
building in South Market street. State street, 
in its whole length, is remarkably wide, and 
shows to great advantage. The number of 
churches is 16, of which 6 are of stone, 7 of 
brick, and 3 of wood. Three of them are very 
handsome, and others are spacious. Canal 
wharf' and quay are of great length, and ex- 
hibit a striking show of business and bustle. 
Few cities present a more beautiful prospect 
than Albany, when seen from the public square, 
or the summit of the capital. The city slopes 
from the public square to the river, like the 
sides of an amphitheatre. Two or three of its 
noble mansions embowered in trees, give it the 
appearance of having forests in its limits. 
Sloops and steamboats arrive here from New 
York in great numbers, and there is seldom a 
day in which three or four passages do not oft 
fer, in steamboats departing to and from New 



ALB— ALE 



173 



York. Its canal communications with lake 
Champlain, the northern lakes, and the Ohio 
valley give it unrivalled advantages of this sort. 
More stages daily arrive and depart from this 
city, than any other of the size in the Union, 
being more than 100 daily. Its literary, hu- 
mane, and religious institutions are of a very- 
respectable class, and it issues 6 or 7 periodi- 
cal publications. Its population in 1820 was 
12,630 ; in 1830, 24,216, having nearly doubled 
its population in ten years. A more emphatic 
ALBANY AND 



illustration of the tendency of the canal system 
could not be given. There are in the city 3 
flour mills, 2 woollen manufactories, 2 do. cot- 
ton and woollen, 1 distillery, 5 breweries, man- 
ufactories of oil-cloths, and a very extensive 
cap manufactory which employs 200 males 
and 450 females and pays $1,800 in weekly 
wages. The business transacted in this estab- 
lishment amounts to several hundred thousand 
dollars a year. There is a rail-road from Al- 
bany to Schenectad} 7 , length 14 miles. 

ITS ENVIRONS. 




(a) United States arsenal. — (b) Aqueduct, 
(e) Deep Cut. 

ALBANY, t. Berks co. Pa. E. Harrisburg. 
Pop. 995. 

ALBANY, r. North America, which falls 
into James' bay, long. 84° 30' W. lat. 51° 30' 
N. runs NE. through a chain of small lakes, 
from the S. end of Winnipeg lake. The Brit- 
ish fort is on the river, in lat. 53° 10' N. 

ALBANY, Neio, t. Clarke co. In. ; from W. 
642 m. ; a little below Clarksville. 

ALBEMARLE, co. central part of Va. ; 
bounded N. by Orange co. E. by Louisa and 
Fluvanna cos. SE. by James r. SW. by Am- 
herst co. and W. by Augusta and Rockingham 
cos. Chief town, Charlottesville. Pop. 22,618 ; 
slaves 11,689. 

ALBEMARLE-SOUND, inlet of the sea, on 
E. coast of N. C. It extends into the country 
60 m. and is from 4 to 15 wide. It receives 
the waters of the Roanoke and the Chowan. 
Lat. 35° 52' N. 

ALBERTSON'S, v. Duplin co. N. C. 

ALBION, t. and cap. of Edwards co. Illinois, 
40 m. SW. from Vincennes. It stands on the 
dividing ridge between the Great and Little 
Wabash rivers, 12 m. from the former and 6 
from the latter, in a dry and healthy situation, 
while it is well supplied with springs of water. 
Distance from W. 733 m. 

ALBION, v. Edwards co. Illinois. 



Fort's Ferry. — (d) Vischer's Ferry.- 



ALBURG, t. Grand Isle co. Vt. on N. end 
of the island of North Hero, in lake Champlain ; 
40 m. N. from Burlington, from W. 555 m. It 
is a port of entry. Pop. 1,239. 

ALDIE, v. Loudon co. Va. ; from W. 35 m. 

ALEXANDER, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 
765. 

ALEXANDER, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 6 m. 
S. from Batavia. 

ALEXANDER, co. Illinois, at the angle be- 
tween Mississippi and Ohio rivers. Chief town, 
America. Pop. 1,390. 

ALEXANDERS, v. York district, S. C; 
from W. 441 m. 

ALEXANDERVILLE, v. Montgomery co. 
Ohio, on Miami r. 7 m. below Dayton. 

ALEXANDRIA, t. Grafton co. N. H. 13 m. 
SSE. from Plymouth. Pop. 1,083. 

ALEXANDRIA, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. on 
the Delaware ; 15 m. SE. from Easton. 

ALEXANDRIA, t. Huntingdon co. Pa.; 8 
m. from Huntingdon, 192 m. WNW. from 
Philadelphia, from W. 162 m. 

ALEXANDRIA, t. in the parish of Rapide, 
Louisiana, on Red River, 120 m. from its 
mouth, 70 from Natchitoches, and about 100 
from Natchez, St. Francisville, and Point Cou- 
pee ; about 180 m. in a direct line, and 344 by 
water, WNW. from New Orleans, from W 



174 



ALE — ALL 



1246 m. Lat. 31° 15' N. It is situated in a 
fertile valley, at the point of intersection of all 
the great roads of the western district of Lou- 
isiana. It is settled almost wholly by Ameri- 
cans, and is a place of increasing importance. 

ALEXANDRIA, New, t. Westmoreland co. 
Pa. ; from W. 201 m. 

ALEXANDRIA, co. District of Columbia. 
Pop. 9,608 ; chief town, Alexandria. 

ALEXANDRIA, city, and port of entry, in 
the District of Columbia, on the W. bank of 
the Potomac, 6 m. S. of Wasliington. The pub- 
lic buildings are a court-house, and 6 churches, 
viz. 2 for Presbyterians, 2 for Episcopalians, 1 
for Quakers, and 1 for Roman Catholics. It 
has a commodious harbor, sufficiently deep for 
the largest ships. The streets are regular and 
squares rectangular. The progress of this neat 
and ancient town has been for a long time al- 
most stationary. It is expected that the Ohio 
and Chesapeake canal, with which it is con- 
nected, will communicate to it a new impulse 
of prosperity. Pop. in 1820, 8,216 ; in 1830, 
8,221. 

ALEXANDRIA, t. Washington co. Maine, 
30 m. N. of Machias. 

ALEXANDRIA, t. Campbell co. Ky. 

ALEXANDRIA, t. Scioto co. Ohio, on the 
Ohio river, at the mouth of the Scioto, which 
separates it from Portsmouth, 45 m. S. from 
Chillicothe. 

ALEXANDRIANA, t. Mecklenburg co. N. 
C. 157 m. SW. from Raleigh. 

ALFORD, t. Berkshire co. Mass.; 15 m. 
SSW. from Lenox, 125 W. from Boston. Pop. 
512. 

ALFORDSVILLE, v. Robeson co. N. C. ; 
from W. 387 m. 

ALFORDSTOWN, t. and cap. Moore co. 
N. C. about 30 m. WNW. from Fayetteville. 

ALFRED, t. Prescott co. U. C. on Ottawa r. 

ALFRED, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. 10 m. SE. 
from Angelica. Pop. 1,701. 

ALFRED, t. York co. Maine; 24 m. N. from 
York, 88 N. by E. from Boston, 86 from Au- 
gusta, and 513 from W. Pop. 1,453 It con- 
tains a court-house, a jail, and a Congrega- 
tional meeting-house. The courts of the county 
are held alternately here and at York. There 
is in the township a village of Shakers. 

ALFRED, t. Alleghany co. N. Y.; 10 m. SE. 
from Angelica. Pop. 273. 

ALLAN'S CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs 
into the Genesee, in Caledonia. Length 40 m. 

ALLEGHANY, co. SW. part of N. Y. ; 
bounded N. by Genesee and Ontario cos., E. 
by Steuben co., S. by Pennsylvania, and W. 
by Cataraugus co. Pop. 26,218. Chief town, 
Angelica. 

ALLEGHANY, co. W. part of Pa. bound- 
ed N. by Butler co., E. by Westmoreland co., 
S. and SW. by Washington co., and NW. by 
Beaver co. Pop. 37,984. Chief town, Pitts- 
burg. 

ALLEGHANY, t. Cambria co. Pa. W. 
from Harrisburg. Pop. 947. 

ALLEGHANY, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. W. 
from Harrisburg. Pop. 773. 



ALLEGHANY, t. Venango co. Pa. N. W. 
from Harrisburg. Pop. 671. 

ALLEGHANY, t. Armstrong co. Pa. W. 
from Harrisburg. Pop. 1,413. 

ALLEGHANY, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. 
Pop. 1,388. 

ALLEGHANY t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 
372. 

ALLEGHANY, co. Md. the NW end of 
the state, on Potomac river. Chief town, 
Cumberland. Pop. 10,602. 

ALLEGHANY, mountains, U. S. com- 
mence in the N. part of Georgia, and running 
NE. nearly parallel with the coast of the At- 
lantic ocean, at the distance of 250 miles, pass 
through N. Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, 
Pennsylvania, to New York. They divide 
the waters which flow into the Atlantic from 
those which flow into the Mississippi. 

ALLEGHANY, r. rises in Pennsylvania, 
and runs first NW. into New York, and 
then by a bend to the SW. again enters 
Pennsylvania, and at Pittsburg unites with 
the Monongahela to form the Ohio. It is a 
steady stream, and navigable for keel-boats of 
10 tons to Hamilton, 260 m. above Pittsburg. 

ALLEMAND, r. which falls into the Mis- 
sissippi, from the SE. 43 m. S. from Natchez. 

ALLEN'S FERRY, v. Harrison co. Indi- 
ana. 

ALLEN'S FRESH, v. Charles co. Md. 43 
m. S. from Washington, on Wicomico river. 

ALLENS, t. Cumberland co. Pa. near Har- 
risburg. Pop. 2,995. 

ALLEN, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,847. 

ALLEN, co. Kentucky ; having Ten. S. 
Warren, SW. NW. and N. and Barren E. 
Its form is elliptical, extending over about 
500 sq. ms. Chief town, Scottsville. Pop. 
6,486. 

ALLEN, co. Ohio, having Mercer and 
Vanvert W., Putnam N., Hardin E. and Lo- 
gan and Shelby S. It extends about 23 m. 
from N. to S. v/ith a width of 22 m. from E. 
to W. area 500 sq. ms. Pop. 578. 

ALLENSTOWN, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 

10 m. SE. from Concord, and 25 NW. from 
Exeter. 

ALLENSTOWN, t. Monmouth co. N. J. 

11 m. E. from Trenton. 
ALLENTOWN, t. and cap. Lehigh co. Pa. 

on Lehigh river. 52 m. NNW. from Phila- 
delphia, 18 m. SW. from Easton, and 6 m. 
from Bethlehem. It it beautifully situated on 
an elevation in the midst of a well cultivated 
pleasant country. It contains, besides the 
county buildings, a bank, printing office, 
several dry goods stores, and a number of 
merchant mills. The principal staple, flour. 
Distance from Washington 178 ms. 

ALLENSVILLE, v. Mifflin co. Pa. 

ALLENSVILLE, v. Warren co. Ten. 

ALLENTOWN, v. Montgomery co. (N. 
C.) S. W. from Raleigh. 

ALLEY, t. Queens co. N. Y. 

ALLOW AY CREEK, t. Salem co. N. J. 

ALLOW AY, r. Salem co. N. J. runs into 
the Delaware. 



ALL — AM 1 1 



175 



ALL-SAINTS, islands near Guadaloupe, in 
the W. Indies. 

ALL-SAINTS, parish, Georgetown district, 
S.C. 

ALLUVIAL-WAY, or Ridge-Road, ridge, 
lying along the S. shore of lake Ontario, at 
the distance of from 6 to 10 m. Its general 
width is from 4 to 8 rods, and it is raised in 
the middle with a handsome crowning arch, 
from 6 to 10 feet. A road is opened upon it 
from Lewiston to Genesee river, a distance of 
87 miles. It is a grand work of nature, and 
esteemed a great curiosity. 

ALNA, t. Lincoln co. Maine; 10 m. N. 
of Wiscasset, 190 m. from Boston. 

ALSACE, t. Berks co. Pa. 

ALSACE, t. Berks co. Pa. on E. side of the 
Schuylkill. Pop. 1,275. 

ALSTEAD, t. Cheshire co. N. H.; 8 m. 
N E. from Walpole, 14 m. N. from Keene, 82 
m. WNW. from Portsmouth, 460 m. from 
Washington. Pop. 1,694. It is a valuable ag- 
ricultural town, and contains a paper-mill, an 
oil-mill, and 3 houses of public worship, 2 for 
Congregationalists, and one for Baptists. 

ALSTON, t N. C. on Little river, not far 
from the sea ; 20 m. W. from Brunswick. 
Lon. 78° 35' W. Lat 33° 54' N. 

ALTAMAHA, navigable river, Georgia, 
formed by the junction of the Oakmulgee 
and Oconee. After the junction, the Alta- 
maha becomes a large river, flowing with a 
gentle current through forests and plains 
upwards of 100 miles, and runs into St. 
Simon's sound by several mouths, 60 m. SW. 
from Savannah. Its length to its source is 
about 500 m. 

ALTAMAHA, t. Georgia, at the union of 
the Oconee and Oakmulgee. Lon. 83. W. 
Lat. 33. 54. N. 

ALTON, t. Strafford co. N. H. ; S. from 
lake Winnipiseogee ; 33 m. NW. from Ports- 
mouth. Pop. 1,279. 

ALTON, t. Madison co. Illinois, on the 
Mississippi, 3 miles above the mouth of the 
Missouri. It is recently established, and 
regularly laid out Near it there is a coal 
mine. 

ALUM CREEK, r. Ohio. It is the west- 
erly branch of the Big Walnut, which, after 
a course of about 35 miles, it joins in SE. 
part of Franklin co. 

AMAPALLA, t. Mexico, in Nicaragua, on 
a point of land rmaning into the Pacific, 12 
m from San Miguel. 

AMAPALLA, large gulf on the W. coast 
of America, between Guatimala and Nicara- 
gua; nearly 60 m~ in length, and from 9 to 
30 m. in breadth ' also called the Gulf of Fon- 
seca. 100 m. NW. from Leon. Lon. 88° 56' 
W. Lat. 13° 30' N. 

AMANDA, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 836. 

AMBER, v. Onondaga co. N. Y. ; 5 m. from 
Otis, 39S m. from Washington. 

AMBOY, or Perth Amboy, city, and s-p. 
Middlesex co. N. J., at the head of Raritan 
bay, on a point of land formed by the union 
of the river Raritan with Arthur Kull Sound : 
35 m. SW. from New York, 74 m. NE. from 



Philadelphia, 210 m. from Washington. Lat. 
40 3 30'. It has one of the best harbors on the 
continent. 

AMBOY SOUTH, t. Middlesex co. N. J. 
at the mouth of Raritan river, opposite Perth 
Amboy. 

AMELIA, co. Va. in the SE. part of the 
state. Pop. 11,031, of whom 7,518 are slaves. 
The C. H. is 47 m. from Richmond, and 169 
from Washington. 

AMELIA, isl. in the Atlantic, on the coast 
of E. Florida, 7 leagues N. from St. Augus- 
tine, at the mouth of St. Mary's river. Lat. 
30° 28' N. It is 13 m. long and 2 broad. 
Chief town, Fernandina. 

AMELIASBURG, t. Prince Edwards co, 
Upper Canada, on the bay of Quinti, SW. 
from Kingston. 

AMENIA, t Dutchess co. N. Y. 24 m. 
NE. from Poughkeepsie. Here is a marble 
quarry. Pop. 2,389. 

AMERICA, t. and cap. Alexander co. Illi- 
nois, on the Ohio r. 7 m. from its junction 
with the Mississippi. 

AMES, v. Athens co. Ohio, 12 m. NE. from 
Athens. 

AMESBURY, t. in Essex co. Mass., about 
4 m. from Newburyport, and 50 m. NE. from 
Boston. It is a flourishing place, being situ- 
ated on a navigable river. Pop. 2,445. 

AMHERST, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 8 m. 
NE. from Northampton, 85 W. from Boston. 
In 1821, a college was established here. It is 
now in a flourishing condition ; it has 7 pro- 
fessors, 3 tutors, and 200 students. The an- 
nual expenses of a student are from 90 to 118 
dollars, including colleg-e bills and board. 

AMHERST ISLAND, small isl. in E. end 
of lake Ontario. 

AMHERST, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 30 
m. S. from Concord, 48 m. NW. from Boston 
60 m. W. from Portsmouth, and 484 m. from 
Washington. Lat. 42° 54' N. Pop. 1,657. 
In the central part of Amherst there is a 
pleasant plain on which a handsome village is 
built, containing a court-house, a jail, a Con- 
gregational meeting-house, a printing-office, 
cotton and woollen manufactories, valuable 
mills, &c. The Souhegan flows through the 
southern part of the town The courts for 
the county are held alternately here and at 
Hopkinton. 

AMHERST, co. of Va. having the Blue 
Ridge, or Rockbridge, NW., Nelson NE., 
James river, or Buckingham and Campbell, 
SE., James river, or Bedford, SW. Pop. 
12,072, of whom 5,927 are slaves. The C. 
H. is 136 m. from Richmond, and 180 from 
Washington. 

AMHERST SPRINGS, v. Amherst co. Va. 
124 m. W. from Richmond. 

AMHERSTBURG, or Maiden, t. and cap. 
Essex co. Upper Canada, on Detroit r. 3 m. 
above its entrance into lake Erie, and 14 be- 
low Detroit It has about 150 houses, and a 
good harbor, with anchorage in 3J fathoms. 

AMHERST, t. Cumberland co. Nova Scotia, 
on Chignecto bay, at the entrance of the 
rivers La Planch, Napan, and Macon. 



176 



AMI— AND 



AMISSVILLE, v. Culpeper co. Va. 86 m. 
W. from Washington. 

AMITE, co. Mississippi, on Amite r. Chief 
town, Liberty. Pop. 7,943. 

AMITE, r. Mississippi, runs into the Iber- 
ville 40 m. above its entrance into lake Mau- 
repas. It is navigable for boats nearly to its 
source. 

AMITY, v. Orange co. N. Y. 

AMITY, v. Washington co. Pa. 

AMITY, t Berks co. Pa. 

AMMONOOSUC, (Lower,) r. N. H. which 
rises in the White Mountains, and runs into 
the Connecticut, in Bath. Length about 50 
miles. 

AMMONOOSUC, (Upper,) r. N. H. which 
runs into the Connecticut, in Northumber- 
land. Length 50 miles. 

AMOSKEAG FALLS, on the Merrimack, 
in N. H. ; 7 miles below Hookset Falls and 
15 below Concord, between Goffstown and 
Manchester. The water falls 48 feet in the 
course of half a mile. These falls are shunned 
by a canal. 

AMSTERDAM, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 
on N. side of the Mohawk ; 30 m. NW. from 
Albany, and 392 m. from Washington. Pop. 
3,354. This town contains valuable mills and 
manufactures of iron. 

AMWELL, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. ; E. the 
Delaware ; 34 NNE. from Philadelphia. Pop. 
of the township, 5,777. Here is an academy. 

AMWELL, t. Washington co. Pa.; SE. 
from Washington. Pop. 1,673. 

ANCRAM, t. Columbia co. N. Y., on An- 
cram creek, about 20 m. SE. from Hudson. 
Here are extensive iron works, at which are 
made large quantities of excellent iron. The 
ore is principally obtained from Salisbury in 
Connecticut. A lead mine is also found here. 

ANCRAM CREEK, r. Columbia co. N. Y. 
which runs into the Hudson, opposite Catskill. 

ANASTASIA, isl. off the E. coast of 
Florida, opposite the city of St. Augustine. 
It is about 25 miles long, and is separated 
from the main land by an arm of the sea 
called Matanzas river. It contains quarries 
of freestone. Lon. 81° 36' W. lat. 29°' 49' N. 

ANCASTER, t. Lincoln co. Upper Canada, 
SW. York. 

ANCHOR POINT, NW. coast of Amer- 
ica, on the E. side of Cooke's inlet. Lon. 
208° 48' E. Lat. 59° 39' N. 

ANCOCUS CREEK, N. J. falls into the 
Delaware, 6 m. SW. Burlington. It is navi- 
gable 16 miles. 

ANDALUSIA, t. Bucks co. Pa. 96 m. from 
Harrisburg. 

ANDERSON, v. Sussex co. N. J. 

ANDERSON, co. East Tennessee, on 
Clinch r. NW. Knoxville. Chief town, Clin- 
ton. Pop. 4,668. Slaves, 349. Engaged in 
agriculture, 1,310 ; in commerce, 4. 

ANDERSON, t. Hamilton co. Ohio. Pop. 
2 122. 

' ANDERSON'S ISLAND, on the NW. 
coast of America. Lon. 167° 40' W. Lat. 63° 
10'N. 



ANDERSON'S-STORE, v. Caswell co. N. 
C. 56 m. NW. Raleigh. 

ANDERSON'S, r. Indiana, runs into the 
Ohio below Troy. 

ANDERSONVILLE, v. Edgefield district, 
S C 

' ANDERSONVILLE, v. Hancock co. Mis- 
sissippi. 

ANDOVER, t. Oxford co. Maine. Pop. 368. 

ANDOVER, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on 
the Merrimack, 18 m. NW from Concord. 
Pop. 1,642. It contains a printing-press, 
several mills and manufactures. In 1818, a 
legacy of $10,000 was bequeathed by Mr. 
Joseph Noyes for the establishment of an 
academy in this town. 

ANDOVER, t. Windsor co. Vt. 20 m. SW. 
from Windsor. Pop. 957. 

ANDOVER, t. Sussex co. New York, 30 
m. N. from Trenton, 40 m. WNW. from New 
York. 

ANDOVER, t. Essex co.Mass. 20 m.N. from 
Boston ; 1 6 WNW. from Salem ; and 20 W. from 
Newburyport. Pop. 4,540. It is an opulent agri- 
cultural town, and contains two large parishes. 
The south parish has a number of manufac- 
turing establishments. The theological semi- 
nary in this place is richly endowed. Its 
buildings comprise four dwelling houses for 
the officers, and three spacious public edifices. 
The library contains over 5,000 volumes, and 
there are four theological professors. The 
number of students ranges from 120 to 150. 

Phillips' Academy in this town is the most 
flourishing academy in the state. It was 
founded in 1778, by the Hon. Samuel Phillips, 
Esq, of Andover, and his brother, the Hon. 
John Phillips, LL. D. of Exeter. Its officers 
are a principal, 3 assistants, a teacher of 
sacred music, and a writing master. The 
number of students ranges from 120 to 150. 
The institution is accommodated with a large 
and commodious brick building, 80 feet by 40, 
erected in 1818, on a range with the buildings 
of the theological seminary. The theological 
seminary was founded in 1808, and has been 
richly endowed, entirely by private bounty. 
The whole amount of what has been con- 
tributed for permanent use in this seminary, 
including the permanent funds, library and 
public buildings, is more than three hundred 
and fifty thousand dollars, and this has been 
contributed almost entirely from six families. 
The buildings are on a lofty eminence, and 
command an extensive prospect. A majority 
of the students are supported in whole or in 
part by charity. The academy and the the- 
ological seminary are under the same board 
of trustees. 

ANDOVER, t. Tolland co. Connecticut, 15 
m. E. from Hartford. 

ANDOVER, t. Sussex co. N. X; 10 m. S. 
from Newton, 18 NW. from Morristown. It 
is famous for its iron works. 

ANDOVER, t. Merrimack co. N. H. 21 m. 
from Concord. Pop. 1324. 

ANDOVER, t. Windsor co. Vt 68 m. S 
Montpelier. Pop. 975. 



AND— ANT 



177 



ANDOVER, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. 285 m. 
W. Albany. Pop. 598. 

ANDOVER, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 200 m. 
NE. of Columbus. 

ANDREWS, St., a seaport town of New 
Brunswick, at the entrance of Passamaquoddy 
river. 

ANDREWS-BRIDGE, v. Lancaster co. Pa. 
38 in. SE. Harrisburg. 

ANDROSCOGGIN, or Ameriscoggin, r. 
which rises from Umbagog Lake, N. H. It 
has a course of about 40 m. in N. H. and 
after a course of about 100 m. in SW. part of 
Maine, flows into the Kennebeck, which it 
joins 18 m. from the sea, at Merrymeeting 
Bay, 6 m. above Bath. 

ANDROSCOGGIN, Little, r. Maine, which 
flows into the Androscoggin N. of Poland. 

ANGELICA, t. and cap. Alleghany co. 
N. Y. ; E. of the Genesee ; 40 W. Bath, 285 
W. Albany, W. 337. Pop. 998. 

ANGOLA, v. Erie co. N. Y. 291 m. W. 
Albany. 

ANGUILLA, or Snake Island, the most 
northerly of the English Leeward Islands in the 
West Indies. It is 30 m. long and 3 broad, 
winding somewhat in the manner of a snake, 
and is 60 m. NW. of St. Christopher. Long. 
62° 35' W. lat. 18° 15' N. One of the Bahama 
Islands is also called Anguilla. 

ANN, St., a town of New Brunswick, situ- 
ate on the river St. John nearly opposite to 
Fredericton, and 80 m. above the city of St. 
John. Also the name of a lake in Upper 
Canada, to the N. of Lake Superior. 

ANNAPOLIS, formerly Severn, city and 
port of entry, Anne Arundel co. Md., on the 
SW. side of the Severn, 2 m. from its mouth ; 
28 SSE. Baltimore, 40 ENE. from W. Long. 
76° 48' W. lat. 39° 0' N. Pop. about 2,623. 
It is the seat of the state government, is a 
pleasant and healthy town, and contains a 
spacious and elegant state-house, a market- 
house, a theatre, a bank, and two houses of 
public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for 
Methodists. The streets converge to the state- 
house and to the Episcopal church, as two 
centres. Two newspapers are published here. 
The flourishing state of Baltimore has injured 
the trade of this city. 

St. John's College, a Roman Catholic insti- 
tution, incorporated in 1782, was for some 
years in operation in this city ; but a few years 
ago, it was deprived of its funds by the legis- 
lature. The instruction has been discon- 
tinued. 

ANNAPOLIS, a sea-port of Nova Scotia, 
on the E. side of the Bay of Fundy. It has 
one of the finest harbors in the world ; but the 
entrance is through a difficult strait, called the 
Gut of Annapolis. The town stands on the 
S. side of the harbor, at the mouth of a river 
of its name, 86 m. W. by N. of Halifax. Lon. 
64° 55' W. lat. 44° 50' N. 

ANNAPOLIS, v. Salem township, Jefferson 
co. Ohio, 135 m. NE. Columbus. 

ANNE ARUNDEL, a county of Maryland, 
on the western shore of Chesapeake Bay. 
Pop. 28^95. Annapolis is the chief town. 
X 



ANN BOOR, v. Maury co. Tenn. ; 782 ra. 

from W. 

ANN, Cape, a point of land which forms the 
N. side of Massachusetts Bay. Two light- 
houses on an island at the extremity of this 
Cape are in N. lat. 42° 40/ W. long. 70° 38'. 

ANN, Fort, a town in Washington co. N. 
Y. between the North river and Lake Cham- 
plain. Pop. 3,201. 

ANNSVILLE, v. Dinwiddie co. Va. 54 m. 
S. of Richmond. 

ANSON, a county of North Carolina, bor- 
dering on South Carolina, and bounded on the 
NE. by the Yadkin river. Pop. 14,081. Wades- 
borough, 142 m. SW. by W. of Raleigh, is the 
chief town. 

ANSON, t. Somerset co. Me. on the Ken- 
nebec river. Pop. 1,532. 

ANTAUGA, a county of Alabama on the 
river Alabama. Washington is the chief 
town. Pop. 11,872. 

ANTHONY'S, or St. Anthony's Nose, pro- 
montory in New York, E. of the Hudson : 
1,128 feet high ; 52 N. New- York, 6 S. West 
Point. It is 877 feet above the river. 

ANTHONY, St., Falls of, on the Missis- 
sippi river, in N. lat. 45° W. long. 93°, being 
more than 2,000 m. above the entrance of the 
river into the Gulf of Mexico. There is a fort 
in the Missouri Territory, on the point of 
land formed by the St. Peter's river, which 
river falls into the Mississippi just below the 
Falls of St. Anthony. 

ANTHONY'S KILL, r. N. Y. which rises 
in Ballston, and runs into the Hudson, 8 N. 
from Waterford. 

ANTICOSTI, an island at the mouth of the 
river St. Lawrence, 90 in. long and 20 broad. 
It is full of rocks, covered with wood, and has 
no harbor ; but excellent cod is found on the 
shores. 

ANTIETAM, a small tributary of 'the Po- 
tomac, running into it near Shepardstown. 

ANTIGUA, one of the English Leeward 
Islands, in the West Indies, about 20 m. in 
length and breadth, and 60 E. by S. of St. 
Christopher. It is destitute of water, and the 
inhabitants are obliged to save the rain-water 
in cisterns. The chief produce is sugar, of 
which it annually produces about 10,000 hogs- 
heads. It was taken by the French in 1782, 
but restored in 1783. The capital is St 
John. 

ANTILLES, the name which the French 
give to the Caribbee or West India islands, 
which see. 

ANTONIO DE BEHAR, San, the capital 
of Texas, on the San Antonio river. It is a 
village composed of mud cabins covered with 
turf. 

ANTRIM, t. Hillsborough co. N. H.; 21 
m. NW. Amherst, 30 WSW. Concord, 75 W. 
Portsmouth, 469 from W. Pop. 1,309. 

ANTRIM, t. Franklin co. Pa. It is watered 
by the Conecocheague, and borders on Mary- 
land. 

ANTRIM, Crawford co. Ohio. 
ANTWERP, t. Jefferson co. N. Y.; 180 
m. NW. Albany, 474 from W. Pop. 2,412. 



178 



ANV— ASC 



ANVIL, t. Lebanon co. Pa. 

ANVILLE, t. Dauphin co. Pa.; about 55 
m. WNW. Philadelphia, 130 from W. 

APALACHIAN MOUNTAINS, the name 
given to the immense chain extending- along 
the whole Atlantic coast of the United States, 
from Alabama to Maine. In the southern 
states they are 200 m. from the sea, but as 
they extend northwa rd approach near the coast. 
They run generally in parallel ridges, and their 
various divisions go by different names. These 
are the Cumberland Mountains of Tennessee, 
the Blue Mountains of Virginia, the Alleghany 
and Laurel Mountains of Pennsylvania, the 
Catskill Mountains of New York, the Green 

ountains of Vermont, and the White Moun- 

ins of New Hampshire. They are some- 
times broken into groups and isolated chains. 
Their highest summits are in New Hampshire ; 
and are between 6 and 7,000 ft. above the level 
of the sea. East of the Hudson they are grani- 
tic. In the W. and S. they consist of granite, 
gneiss, mica and clay slate, primitive lime- 
stone, &c. Their name in the language of 
the Indians signifies endless. 

AP ALACHICOL A, a river of North Ameri- 
ca, formed by the junction of the Chatahooche 
and Flint, at an old Indian fort of the same 
name on the south confines of Georgia, and 
thence flows between West and East Florida 
into Apalache Bay, in the Gulf of Mexico, 
east of Cape Blaize. 

APOQUINIMINK, r. Newcastle co. Dela- 
ware, which runs E. into Delaware Bay, 3 m. 
below Reedy Island. 

APOQUINIMINK. See CantweWs Bridge. 

APOQUINIMINK, hundred, on S. side of 
Newcastle co. Delaware. 

APULIA, v. Onondaga co. N. Y. 129 m. 
W. Albany. 

APPLETON, t. Waldo co. Me. Pop. 735. 

APPLING, a county of Georgia, in the SE. 
part of the state, upon the Altamaha. Pop. 
1,468. 

APPLINGVILLE, the chief town of Co- 
lumbia co. Geo. 93 m. from Milledgeville. 

APPOMATOX, r. Virginia, which rises in 
Campbell co., and after an easterly course of 
about 120 m. unites with James river at City 
Point. It is navigable to Petersburg. 

AQUACKANOCK, t. Essex co. N. J. on the 
Passaic; 10 m. above Newark, 226 from W. 
It is a very pleasant village. The Passaic is 
navigable to this place for small schooners. 

AQUIA, t. Stafford co. Va. on Aquia creek, 

m. above its entrance into the Potomac ; 42 
m. from W. At this place, and in the vicinity 
on Aquia creek, are found extensive quarries 
of freestone, of which the Capitol at Washing- 
ton and the President's House were built. 

AQUIA CREEK, r. Stafford co, Virginia, 
which flows SE., and joins the Potomac, 14 m. 
NE. Fredericksburg, 54 below W. 

AQUIA RUN MILLS, v. Stafford co. Va,; 
48 m. from W. 

ARARAT, mt. Pa. in Luzerne and Wayne 
counties. It is 15 m. long. 

ARARAT, or Pilot Mountain, N. C. on 
N. side the Yadkin, and E. the river Ararat, 9 



m. NW. Bethania. It is about a mile in height, 
and rises in the form of a pyramid, with an 
area of an acre at top, on which is a rock 300 
feet high. From the summit of this rock there 
is an extensive, variegated, and delightful pros- 
pect. 

ARBELA, v. Lancaster co. Pa. 45 m. E. of 
Harrisburg. 

ARCHER, t. Harrison co. Ohio. 

ARGYLE, t. Penobscot co. Me. Pop. 326. 
m ARGYLE, t. Washington co. N. Y. on E. 
side of the Hudson ; 45 m. N. Albany, 403 m. 
from W. Pop. 3,459. There are two post 
villages, at each of which there is a Presbyte- 
rian meeting-house. Bog ore in great quanti- 
ties is found in this town. 

ARKANSAS TERRITORY. See p. 155. 

ARKANSAS, or Arkansaw, or Akansas, r. 
Louisiana, which rises in the Rocky Moun- 
tains, about N. lat. 42°, near the sources of the 
Del Norte, and unites with the Mississippi, 
lat. 33° 40' N. Its course is ESE. It is navi- 
gable 1,980 m. ; its whole length is 2,170 m. 
Its channel is broad, and its navigation safe, 
unobstructed by rocks, shoals or rapids. Sil- 
ver is found on the upper parts of this river, and 
much of the land on its banks is of the first 
quality. 

ARKPORT, v. in Canisteo, Steuben co. N. 
Y., on the Canisteo; 25 m. SW. Bath, 323 m. 
from W. 

ARLINGTON, t. Bennington co. Vt. 40 m. 
from Troy, Saratoga Springs, Whitehall and 
Rutland. Pop. 1,207. It has quarries of mar- 
ble and lime-stone, and a mineral spring. 

ARMAGH, t. Indiana co. Pa.; W. 160 m 
Harrisburg. 

ARMAGH, t. Mifflin co. Pa. 

ARMOND, St., a town of Lower Canada at 
the N. end of Lake Champlain. 

ARMSTRONG, co. Pa., watered by the 
Alleghany; bounded N. by Venango co., E. 
by Jefferson and Indiana, cos., SW. by West- 
moreland co., and W. by Butler co. Pop. 
17,625. Chief town, Kittanning. 

ARMSTRONG, t. Indiana co. Pa. 

ARNOLD, t. York co. Maine ; 533 m. 
from W. 

ARNOLD'S OLD PLACE, v. Fauquier 
co. Va. ; 56 m. from W. 

AROOSTIC, r. which rises in Maine, runs 
ESE., and joins the St. Johns on the western 
border of New Brunswick, in lat. 42° 5' N. It 
is navigable for boats 40 m. 

ARUNDEL, t. York co. Maine, on the sea 
coast; 21 NE. York, 86 NNE. Boston. 

ASBURY, v. Warren co. N. J. 34 m. NW 
Trenton. 

ASCENSION, a parish in the eastern dis- 
trict of Louisiana, upon the Mississippi. The 
soil is rich, and produces sugar and cotton. 
Donaldson, 75 m. from New Orleans, is the 
chief town. Pop. of the parish, 5,400. 

ASCUTNEY, mt Vt. between Windsor and 
Weathersfield. The summit is 5 m. W. of the 
Connecticut, and 5 SW. Windsor village. Ac- 
cording to Capt. Partridge it is 2,903 feet above 
the river at Windsor bridge, and 3,320 above 
the sea. The summit is composed of granite, 



ASH— ATK 



179 



and the prospect from the top is very beauti- 
ful. 

ASHBOROUGH, t. and cap. Randolph co. 
N. C. on Deep river ; 42 m. E. Salisbury, 85 
W. Raleigh ; 362 from W. 

ASHBURNHAM, t. Worcester co. Mass. 
29 m. N. Worcester, 55 NW. Boston ; 462 from 
W. Pop. 1,403. There are 2 mountains in 
this township, Great and Little Wetatick. The 
former lies in NE. part of the town, the latter 
SW. of it. 

ASHBY, t. Middlesex co. Mass.; 31 m. 
N. Worcester, 53 NW. Boston ; 484 from W. 
Pop. 1,240, 

ASHFIELD, t. Franklin co. Mass.; 11 m. 
SW. Greenfield, 105 W. Boston, 410 from W. 
Pop. 1,732. 

ASHFORD, t Windham co, Ct. ; 15 m. N. 
Windham, 29 ENE. Hartford, 369 from W. 
Pop. 2,668. 

ASHFORD, New, t. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 
20 m. N. Lenox, 121 W. Boston. 

ASHLAND, t. Montgomery township, Rich- 
land co. Ohio, 90 m. from Columbus. 

ASHLEY, r. S. C. which rises in N. part 
Charleston district, runs SSE. and unites with 
the Cooper, on SW. side of the city of Charles- 
ton. 

ASHTABULA, a county at the NE. ex- 
tremity of Ohio, bordering on Lake Erie. Pop. 
14,584. Jefferson is the chief town. 

ASHTABULA, t. in the above county, on 
Lake Erie, 200 m. from Columbus. It has a 
good harbor, and is a flourishing town. 

-ASHTABULA a stream of Ohio, about 30 
m. in length, running into Lake Erie. 

ASHTON, t. Delaware co. Pa., on Chester 
creek. Pop. 765. 

ASHUELOT, mt. N. H., in Winchester 
and Swansey. 

ASHUELOT, or Ashwillet, r. N. H., which 
runs SW. into the Connecticut, in Hinsdale. 

ASHVILLE, v. Buncombe co. N. C. ; 520 
m. from W. 

ASSAQUIN CREEK, r. Virginia, which 
runs into York river, between Hanover and 
New Kent counties. 

ASSINIBOINS, or Asseneboyne, a river of 
North America, falling into the SW. end of 
Lake Winnipeg ; the North-west Fur Trading 
Company have a house on the south bank of 
the river, about 15 m. above its entrance into 
the lake. 

ASSONET, v. Bristol co. in the township of 
Freetown, Mass. ; on E. side of Taunton river ; 
8 m. S. Taunton, 30 S. Boston, 446 from W. 

ASSUMPTION, t. and settlement, La- 
fourche ; 50 m. S. Baton Rouge, 1,351 from W. 
Pop. 5,400. 

ASTORIA, settlement, on W. coast of N. 
America, on S. side of the Columbia, near its 
mouth. It was formed about 3 years since on 
account of the fur trade. 

ASYLUM, t. Luzerne co. Pa, on the Sus- 
quehannah; 59 m. NW. Wilkesbarre, 284 
from W. 

ATCHAFALAYA, an outlet of the Missis- 
sippi, which it leaves 3 m. below the junction 
of the Red river ; and after a course of 193 m. 



it flows into a bay of the same name. Lon. 
91° 20' W. lat. 29° 20' N. 

ATHAPESCOW, a lake in the N. part of 
British America, discharging its waters into 
Slave Lake. It is 200 m. long. 

ATHENS, t. Somerset co. Maine; 20 m. 
NNE. Norridgewock. Pop. 1,200. 

ATHENS, t. Windham co. Vt. ; 26 m. SSE. 
Windsor. Pop. 415. 

ATHENS, t. Greene co. N. Y. on W. bank 
of the Hudson, opposite Hudson city ; 28 rn. 
S. Albany, 335 from W. Pop. 2,425. It is a 
pleasant and flourishing town, and has some 
manufactures and considerable trade. 

ATHENS, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 125 m. E. 
Columbus. 

ATHENS, t. Bradford co. Pa., at the con 
flux of the Tioga and Susquehannah, 304 m. 
from W. 

ATHENS, co, Ohio. Pop. 9,763. 

ATHENS, t. and cap. Athens co. Ohio : 41 
m. W. from Marietta, 52 m. E. from Chillico- 
the, and 347 m. from Washington. Lon. 182° 
7' W. Lat. 39° 23' N. It is situated on an 
elevated peninsula, formed by a large bend of 
the Hockhocking, which meanders about the 
town. The situation is pleasant and healthy, 
and commands an extensive prospect It con- 
tains a court-house, a jail, and about 40 
houses, and has valuable mills in its vicinity. 
— An institution is established here, styled the 
Ohio University, which is endowed with 
46,000 acres of land, yielding about 2,300 
dollars annually. A considerable part of this 
is appropriated to the support of an academy, 
which is in a flourishing state. A college edi- 
fice of brick, large and elegant, was erected 
in 1817. 

ATHENS, t. Limestone co. Alabama. It 
is situated between Huntsville and the Muscle 
Shoals, in a central part of the county, and is 
the present seat of justice. 

ATHENS, t. Clarke co. Georgia; 7 m. N. 
from Watkinsville, 94 m. WNW. from Au- 
gusta, and 197 m. NW. from Savannah. Lat. 
35° 15' N. Pop. 1,100. It has an elevated, 
pleasant, and healthy situation. A weekly 
newspaper is published here. Franklin College, 
which, together with the incorporated acade- 
mies of the state, is styled the University of 
Georgia, was incorporated and established at 
this place in 1784, but did not go into opera- 
tion till 1803. The faculty consists of a 
president and six professors. The libraries 
contain 4,500 vols. The students in 1831 
were 95. 

ATHOL, t. Worcester co. Mass. on Miller's 
river; 33 m. NW. from Worcester, 72 m. 
WNW. from Boston, and 429 m. from Wash- 
ington. Pop. 1,325. It is watered by Miller's 
river, and contains manufactories of cotton 
and paper. 

ATHOL, t. Warren co. N. Y. on W. side 
of the Hudson, N. of Hadley, and 81 m. N. 
from Albany. Pop. 909. 

ATKINSON, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 20 
m. WNW. from Newburyport, 29 SW. from 
Portsmouth, and 483 from W. Here is a re- 
spectable academy. 



180 



ATS— AVO 



ATSION, a village in Burlington co. N. J. 
30 m. E. by S. from Philadelphia. It contains 
several iron founderies. 

ATTAKAPAS, t. Attakapas district, Louis- 
iana; 1,412 m. from W. 

ATTAKAPAS, district, Louisiana, on the 
Gulf of Mexico, W. of the Atchafalaya. 

ATTICA, t. Genesee co. N. Y. : 20 m. S. 
from Batavia, and 440 m. from Washington. 
Pop. 2,485. 

ATTLEBOROUGH, t. Bristol co. Mass.; 
15 m WNW. from Taunton, 28 m. SW from 
Boston, and 428 m. from Washington. Lon. 
71°21'W. Lat. 42° N. Pop. 3,215. It con- 
tains several cotton and woollen factories. 

ATTLEBOROUGH, t. Bucks co. Pa.; 4 
m. NW. from Bristol, and 163 m. from Wash- 
ington. 

ATTLEBURY, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 352 
m. from Washington. 

AT WATER, t. Portage co. Ohio; 140 m. 
NE. of Columbus. 

AUBURN, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. 

AUBURN, two towns, in Geauga and Rich- 
land counties, Ohio. 

AUBURN, t. the chief town in Cayuga co. 
N. Y. 169 m. W. from Albany. It contains 
a theological seminary and the N. York State 
Prison. Pop. 4,486. 

AUGLAIZE, r. a branch of the Maumee, 
Ohio. 

AUGUSTA, t. and cap. Kennebeck co. 
Maine, on W. bank of the Kennebeck ; 2 m. 
N. from Hallowell, 56 m. NNE. from Port- 
land, 168 m. NE. from Boston, and 612 from 
Washington. Pop. 3,980. It is a pleasant 
town, and contains a court-house, a jail, a 
female academy, a Congregational meeting- 
house, a printing-office, a bank, and has con- 
siderable trade. Here is an elegant bridge 
across the Kennebeck, consisting of two 
arches, each 180 feet. The river is navigable 
to this place for vessels of 100 tons. 

AUGUSTA, t. Saratoga co. N. Y., formed 
in 1817 from a part of Halfmoon. 

AUGUSTA, t. Oneida co. N. Y. ; 12 m. 
SW. from Utica, and 409 m. from Washing- 
ton. Pop. 3,058. 

AUGUSTA, t. Sussex co. N. J. ; 224 m. 
from Washington. 

AUGUSTA, t. Northumberland co. Pa., on 
E. side of the Susquehannah. 

AUGUSTA, t. and cap. Bracken co. Ken- 
tucky, on the Ohio ; 22 m. below Maysville ; 
60 m. NE. from Lexington, and 510 m. from 
Washington. It is a very pleasant town, and 
contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, 
and a meeting house. 

AUGUSTA, city, and cap. Richmond co. 
Georgia, on the Savannah ; 73 m. SW. from 
Columbia, 87 m. ENE. from Milledgeville, 123 
m. NNW. from Savannah, 138 m. WNW. 
from Charleston, and 589 m. from Washing- 
ton. Lon. 80° 46' W. lat. 33° 19' N. Pop. 
in 1810, 2,476, in 1818, about 4,000, and in 
1830, 6,696. It contains a court-house, a jail, 
a market-house, an academy, an insurance 
office, several banks, one of which is a branch 
of the United States bank, and four houses of 



public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for 
Roman Catholics, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 
for Methodists. It is regularly laid out and 
handsomely built, mostly of brick. Several of 
the public buildings, and many of the private 
houses, are spacious and elegant. It is a very 
flourishing commercial town, and probably 
has as much trade as any other place of its 
size in the United States. Immense quantities 
of cotton, considerable tobacco, and some other 
kinds of produce are brought to Augusta from 
the back country, and conveyed in boats down 
the river to Savannah. 

AUGUSTA, a county of the W. District of 
Virginia, near the centre of the state, subdi- 
vided into N. and S. Augusta. Pop. of N. A. 
9,142, of S. A. 10,783. Staunton is the seat 
of justice for both. 

AUGUSTA, v. Perry co. Mississippi; 72 
m. SE. from Monticello. 

AUGUSTA, v. Montgomery co. Alab. 67 
m. E. from Cahawba. 

AUGUSTA, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. 

AUGUSTINE, St. t. St. John's co. E. 
Florida, on the eastern coast. It was formerly 
the capital of the whole territory of Florida. 
The town stands in a prairie near the sea, 
with a good harbor, which however has a 
shallow entrance. It is regularly built of a 
stone formed by the concretion of sea-shells. 
One of the churches is an old edifice in the 
Gothic style. The situation of the town is 
low, but pleasant. In the neighborhood are 
numerous groves of orange trees. Before it 
came into the possession of the United States, 
its population was about 5,000. Since this 
period the yellow fever has made its appear- 
ance, and the population has diminished. St. 
Augustine is 310 m. SSW. of Charleston, in 
lat. 29° 45' N. lon. 81° 40' W. 

AURELIUS, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. 173 m. 
W. from Albany, on Owasco lake. Pop. 2,767. 

AURELIUS, t. Washington co. Ohio; 96 
m. SE. from Columbus. 

AURIESVILLE, v. Montgomery co. N. C. 
123 m. SW. from Raleigh. 

AURORA, t. Erie co. N. Y. 175 m. W. 
from Albany. Pop. 2,421. 

AURORA, t. Portage co. Ohio; 140 m. 
NE. from Columbus. 

AURORA, v. Dearborn co. In. 25 m. W. 
from Cincinnati. 

AUSTERLITZ, t Columbia co. N. J 34 
m. SE. from Albany. Pop. 2,245. 

AUSTINBURY, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio; 
192 m. NE. from Columbus; has a number 
of mills and woollen manufactories. 

AUSTINTOWN, t. Trumbull co. Ohio; 
160 m. NE. from Columbus. Pop. 1,259. 

AUSTINVILLE, v. Wythe co. Va. on the 
Kanahwa. 

AVARYSVILLE, t. Columbia co. Georgia- 
609 m. from W. 

AVERY, t. Huron co. Ohio; 409 m. from W. 

AVERYSBOROUGH, t. Cumberland co-. 
N. C, on Cape Fear river; 25 m. N. from 
Fayetteville, 35 S. from Raleigh, and 322 from 
W. Lon. 78° 55' W. lat. 35° 18' N. 

AVON, t. Somerset co. Me. ; 35 m. NW. 



AVO— BAI 



181 



from Norridgewock, and 210 NNE. from 
Boston. Pop. 745. 

, AVON, t. Ontario co. N. Y., on E. side of 
the Genesee; 21 m. W. from Canandaigua, and 
366 from W. 

AVON, t. Livingston co. N. Y. 236 m. W. 
from Albany. Pop. 2,362. 

AVON, t. Lorain co. Ohio; 146 m. NE. 
from Columbus. 

AVOYELLES, a parish in the western 
district of Louisiana, between the Mississippi, 
Red and Atchafalaya rivers. It produces 
great quantities of cotton. Pop. 3,488. Marks- 
ville is the chief town. Lon. 91° 50' W. lat. 
31° 21' N. 

AVOYELLES, district, Louisiana, S. from 
Red river. 

AVOYELLES, t. Avoyelles district, Louis- 
iana, about 56 m. from the Mississippi, and 
1332 from W. 

AURELIUS, t. and cap. Cayuga co. N. Y. 
on E. side of Cayuga lake ; 175 m. W. from 
Albany, and 385 from W. Pop. 4,642. It 
contains 3 post-villages, Auburn, Cayuga, and 
Union Springs, and has an academy. Auburn 
is the seat of justice for the county. This is 
a wealthy and flourishing town. 

AURORA, t. Niagara co. N. Y. 
m AURORA, v. in Scipio, N. Y., on the E. 
side of Cayuga lake ; 16 m. SW. from Auburn, 
and 378 from W. It is a pleasant and flour- 
ishing village, and has an academy. 

AURORA, t. Portage co. Ohio; 347 m. 
from W. 

'AUSTENVILLE, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. 

AUSTERLITZ, t. Columbia co. N. Y. 315 
m. from W. 

AUSTIN, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. 

Austinburg, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Grand 
river ; 8 m.W. from Jefferson, and 362 from W. 

AUSTINSVILLE, t. Wythe co. Va. on the 
Kenhawa; 16 m. N. from Greensville, and 
360 from W. 

AUSTINTOWN, t. Warren co. Ohio ; 296 
m. from W. 

AUSTIN'S CREEK, r. Georgia, which 
runs into the Savannah, about 12 m. NW. 
from Savannah. 

AU-VASE, r. Illinois, which flows into the 
Mississippi, 55 m. above the Ohio. It is navi- 
gable for boats 60 m. tlirough a fine prairie 
country. 

AYERSTOWN, t. Burlington co. N. J. on 
Ancocus creek ; 13 m. SE. from Burlington. 

AYLETTS, v. King William co. Va. ; 120 
m. from W. 

AYRESBURY, v. N. J. on the Muscone- 
cunk. 

B. 

BAAL'S RIVER, in West Greenland, 
empties in lon. 50° 10' W. lat. 64° 30' N. - 

BACALAL, lake, Mexico, in Yucatan, 36 
m. SW. from Valladolid. 

BACANO BAY, on the S. coast of Cuba. 
Lon. 74° 59' W. lat. 20° 6' N. 

BACHELDOR, t. Oxford co. Me., 20 m. 
W. from Paris. 



BACHELOR'S HALL, v. Tioga co. Pa.; 

262 m. from W. 

BACHELOR'S RETREAT, v. Pendleton 
co. S. C. ; 578 m. from W. 

BACK, short navigable river and inlet, Bal- 
timore co. Md., which communicates with the 
Chesapeake, 4 m. N. of the Patapsco ; 10 m. 
long. 

v BACON CASTLE, v. Surry co. Va. ; 197 
m. from W. 

BACHOUANON, river of U. Canada, falls 
into lake Superior about midway between the 
falls of St. Mary and Red river. 

BACK CREEK, an arm of the Chesapeake 
bay, in Cecil co. Md. The west end of the 
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal empties into 
Back Creek. 

BACK-CREEK VALLEY, v. Frederick 
co. Va. 

BACON CASTLE, v. Surry co. Va. 74 m. 
SE. from Richmond. 

BAFFIN'S BAY, the most northern gulf 
or bay that has yet been discovered in North 
America. It extends beyond the 78th degree 
of N. lat. and communicates with the Atlantic 
ocean through Davis's Straits. On the W. 
side of this bay, in lat. 74° is Lancaster's 
Sound, through which Lieut. Parry, in the 
summers of 1819 and 1820, discovered a 
passage into the polar sea. He penetrated as 
far as the longitude of 113° 47' W. from 
Greenwich, between the parallels of 74° and 
75° N. lat. where his further progress was ar- 
rested by the ice. 

BAGADUCE POINT, cape in Penobscot 
bay, Me. 

BAHAMA CHANNEL, or Gulf of Florida, 
the narrow sea between the coast of America 
and the Bahama islands, 135 m. long and 46 
broad. The currents here are most violent, 
and vessels are frequently wrecked' in passing 
through this strait. 

BAHAMA BANK, Great, a sand-bank ex- 
tending from near the island of Cuba lat. 22° 
20' to the Bahama islands lat. 26° 15' N. A 
smaller bank of this name lies N. of the 
island of Bahama. 

BAHAMA, or Lucayos Islands, in the At- 
lantic ocean, opposite the coast of Florida, 
lying N. of Cuba and St. Domingo, be- 
tween 21° and 28° N. lat. and 71° and 81° 
W. lon. They have been estimated at 500, 
but of these a great proportion are nothing 
more than cliffs and rocks. The principal are 
Bahama, Eleuthera, Exuma, Providence, Gua- 
nahani, or St. Salvador, and Turk's island. 
The climate is in general salubrious. The 
number of slaves upon the whole islands, ac- 
cording to a return made to Parliament in 
1823, was 10,108, and the white population 
probably amounts to about 4,000. 

BAHIA HONDA, port of the N. side of 
the island of Cuba. Lat. 20° 58' N. ; 60 m. 
SW. by W. from Havanna. 

BAILEYSBURG, v. Surry co. Va, 70 m. 
SE. from Richmond. 

BAINBRIDGE, formerly Jericho, t. Che- 
nango co. N. Y. ; 20 m. S. from Norwich, 120 



182 



BAI — BAL 



WSW. from Albany, and 329 from W. Pop. 
3,040. 

BAIN BRIDGE, t. Ross co. Ohio, on Paint 
creek; 18 m. WSW. from Chiilicothe, and 
425 from W. It contains a forge and some 
other mills. 

BAINBRIDGE, v. Franklin co. Alab. on 
the Tennessee, 5 m. above Florence. 

BAINBRIDGE, Port, inlet on the NW. 
coast of America. Lon. 212° 9|' E. lat. 59° 
55' N. 

BAINBRIDGE, t. Gauga co. Ohio. 

BAIRD'S FORGE, v. Burke co. N. C.; 
507 m. from W. 

BAIRD'S TAVERN, v. Buckingham co. 
Va. ; 202 m. from W. 

BAIRDSTOWN, t. and cap. Nelson co. 
Kentucky, on Beech Fork river ; 40 m. SW. 
from Frankfort, 60 WSW. from Lexington, 
and 615 from W. Lon. 86° 10' W. lat. 37° 
49' N. Pop. 820. It is a flourishing town, 
and contains a court-house, a jail, a market- 
house, a church, and a bank. 

BAKER, a county in the SW. part of 
Georgia. 

BAKERSTOWN, v. Alleghany co. Pa. 13 
m. N. from Pittsburg. 

BAKER'S FALLS, on the Hudson, be- 
tween Kingsbury and Moreau, 52 m. above 
Albany. The descent is 76 feet within 60 rods. 

BAKER'S ISLAND, small isl. in the At- 
lantic, near the coast of Maine. Lon. 70° 47' 
W. lat. 44° 34' N. 

BAKER'S ISLAND, isl. Mass.,_off Salem 
harbor, opposite Manchester, three eighths of a 
mile long; 5 m. ENE. from Salem. There is 
a light-house on the north end. 

BAKER'S RIVER, r. N. H. which runs 
SE. into the Merrimack, in Plymouth. 

BAKERSFIELD, t. Franklin co. Vt.; 48 
m. NNW. from Montpelier, and 526 from W. 
Pop. 1,087. 

BAKERSVILLE, t. Patrick co. Va. ; 14 m. 
from Henry C. H. and 321 from W. 

BALD EAGLE, r. Pa. which rises in 
Centre co., and passing through Mifflin and 
Lycoming counties, after a course of 50 m. 
runs into W. branch of the Susquehannah, 
about 12 m. W. of Jersey Shore. 

BALD EAGLE MOUNTAINS, in Pa.; 
200 m. W. from Philadelphia. The valley 
below on the E. side is called Bald Eagle 
Valley, or Sinking Spring Valley. It is very 
pleasant, and remarkable for a phenomenon 
called the Swallows, which absorb several 
large streams and discharge them again, after 
a subterraneous passage of several miles. 
The valley is 5 m. wide, on the frontiers of 
Bedford county. 

BALD EAGLE, t. Centre co. Pa. 

BALD EAGLE, t. Lycoming co. Pa. 

BALD HEAD, point in Norton Sound, on 
the NW. coast of N. America. Lat. 64° 43' 
N. lon. 84° 42' W. 

BALD HEAD, head land SW. side of 
Wells bay in Maine. Lon. 80° 35' W. lat. 
43° N. 

BALD HEAD, SW. end of Smith's island, 



at the mouth of Cape Fear river, N. C. It 
has a light-house ; 24 m. NNW. from Frying 
Pan shoal. Lon. 78° 13' W. lat. 33° 51' N. 

BALD MOUNTAINS, mountains of N. 
America, which bound Tennessee to the E. 
Lon. 82^ 35' W . lat< 35 o 50 ' n. 

BALDWIN, t. Cumberland co. Maine ; 40 
in. NW. from Portland, 150 NNE. from Bos- 
ton, and 583 from W. Pop. 947. 

BALDWIN, co. central part of Georgia. 
Pop. 7,389. Chief town, Milledgeville. 

BALDWIN, co. Alabama. Chief town, 
Fort Stoddard. Pop. 2,324. 

BALDWINSVILLE, v. Columbia co. Geo. 

BALDWINSVILLE, v. Onondaga co. N. Y 
453 m. from W. 

BALIZE, the principal entrance at the 
mouth of the Mississippi, 100 m. below New 
Orleans, 1377 m. from W. Long. 89° 30' W. 
Lat. 29° 6' N. Here are a fort and post-office, 
in Plaquemine co. On its banks the English 
have their principal establishments for cutting 
down mahogany, some of which are 200 m. 
above the mouth of the river. 

BALLARD'S BRIDGE, t. Chowan co. N. 
C. by post-road 199 m. NE. from Raleigh. 

BALLARD'S CAPE, part of the island of 
Newfoundland. Lat. 46° 35' N. ; long. 24° 34' 
E. from W. 

BALLSTON, t. and cap. Saratogo co. N Y. 
28 m. N. from Albany, 390 m. from W. Pop. 
2,113. In this township there is a court-house, 
a jail, an academy, and 6 houses for public 
worship. 

BALLSTON-SPA, v. partly in Ballston, but 
chiefly in Milton, N. Y. ; 26 m. N. from Al- 
bany, from W. 393 m. It has a court-house, 
two printing-offices, a book-store, with which 
are connected a circulating library and a read- 
ing-room ; an academy, and 2 houses for pub- 
lic worship, one for Episcopalians, and one for 
Baptists. This place is famous for its mineral 
waters, which are much frequented by the g r 
and fashionable during the months of July and 
August. Hence, in addition to several inns, 
there are three large boarding-houses expressly 
designed for the accommodation of strangers. 
The waters possess a stimulating and refresh- 
ing quality. Under the exhaustion of heat and 
fatigue, nothing can be more agreeable and 
reviving to the system. As a powerful remedy 
also in many diseases, they are well known and 
highly celebrated. Letters intended for per- 
sons residing at the springs, should be direct- 
ed to Ballston-Spa, as there is another post- 
office in the town of Ballston, at some distance 
from the village. Pop. 1 ,909. 

BALLSVILLE, t. Powhatan co. Va. 

BALTIMORE, t. Windsor co. Vt. 11 m. SW. 
from Windsor. Pop. in 1810, 207. 

BALTIMORE, hundred, Sussex co. Del. 
Pop. 2,057. 

BALTIMORE, co. Md. on the W side of 
Chesapeake bay, N. of Patopsco r. Chief town, 
Baltimore. Pop. exclusive of the city and its 
precincts, 40,251. 



BAL — BAL 



183 




BALTIMORE AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



BALTIMORE, city, and port of entry, Bal- 
timore co. Md. is on the N. side of Patapsco r. 
14 m. from its entrance into Chesapeake bay ; 
38 m. NE. from W. 100 SW. from Philadel- 
phia, 190 SW. from New York, 400 SW. from 
Boston, 160 NE. from Richmond, 230 ESE. 
from Pittsburg, 590 NNE. from Charleston. 
Lon. 76° 36' W.; lat. 39° 17' N. Pop. of the city 
and precincts, 1790, 13,503; 1800, 26,415; 
1810, 46,555; 1820, 62,738, and 1830, 80,625. 
Baltimore is well situated for commerce. It is 
connected by good turnpike roads with various 
parts of Pennsylvania, and with the navigable 
waters which run into the Ohio. It possesses 
the trade of Maryland, and of a great portion 
of the back country of Pennsylvania, and the 
western states. In amount of shipping, it is 
the third city in the Union. It is the greatest 
flour market in the U. States. In its immedi- 
ate neighborhood are about 60 flour mills, a 
single one of which has produced 32,000 bar- 
rels in a year. There are also a number of 
establishments for the manufacture of cloth, 
cotton, paper, powder, iron, &c. The city is 
built around a bay, which sets up from the 
north side of the Patapsco, and affords a spa- 
cious and convenient harbor. The strait 
which connects the bay with the river is very 



narrow, scarcely a pistol-shot across, and is 
well defended by Fort M' Henry. A small 
river, called Jones' Falls, empties into the north 
side of the harbor, and divides the city into 
two parts, called the town and Fell's Point, 
which are connected by bridges. At Fell's 
Point, the water is deep enough for vessels of 
500 or 600 tons, but none larger than 200 tons 
can go up to the town. Baltimore contains 
the state penitentiary; the city and county 
alms-house ; a court-house ; 2 museums ; 2 
theatres ; a custom-house ; a hospital, in which 
there is a fine collection of anatomical prepa- 
rations in wax ; an exchange, an immense edi- 
fice of four stories; 5 market-houses; 10 
banks, 45 houses of public worship, a public 
library, a lunatic asylum, an observatory, and 
several elegant public fountains. A marble 
monument to the memory of general Wash- 
ington has been erected on an elevation at the 
north end of Charles street. The base is 50 
feet square, and 23 feet high, on which is an- 
other square of about half the extent and ele- 
vation. On this is a lofty column, 20 feet in 
diameter at the base, and 14 at the top. On 
the summit of this column, 163 feet from the 
ground, the statue of Washington fc> placed. 




BALTIMORE EXCHANGE AND MONUMENT. 



184 



ML— BAR 



The Battle Monument, erected to the mem- 
ory of those who fell in bravely defending their 
city from the attack of the British on the 12th 
and 13th of Sept. 1814, is a handsome struc- 
ture of marble, situated on a large square in 
North Calvert street. The city is generally 
well built. The houses are chiefly of brick ; 
many of them are handsome, and some splen- 
did. The streets intersect each other at right 
angles. Baltimore is supplied with water ta- 
ken from the Jones' falls, and conveyed to re- 
servoirs, whence it is distributed to every part 
of the city. There are several literary insti- 
tutions in this city. A medical college was 
founded in 1807. In 1812 the institution was 
enlarged, and received a new charter. It is 
now styled the University of Maryland, and 
embraces the departments of languages, arts, 
sciences, medicine, law, and divinity. The 
Baltimore and Ohic rail-road extends from this 
city to the Ohio river at Pittsburg, 300 m. It 
was begun in 1829, and a great portion of it is 
already completed. There are several viaducts 
and embankments in its course near Balti- 
more, substantially built of granite, and a deep 
cut three quarters of a mile long and 70 feet 
deep. Many cars are already in operation 
upon the rail-road. Some of them are drawn 
by horse power, some driven by steam, and 
some by wind. The cars with sails go some- 
times 25 miles an hour, and can lie within 4 
points of the wind. The whole distance from 
Baltimore to Pittsburg, when completed, will 
be travelled, according to estimation, by horse 
power in 30 hours, and by steam in 20. An- 
other rail-road has been commenced, to extend 
from Baltimore to York Haven on the Sus- 
quehanna, 60 m. 

BALTIMORE, New, t. Greene co. N. Y. 20 
m. S. from Albany, on the Hudson. Pop. 2,370. 

BALTIMORE, Neio, Farquier co. Va. 45 
m. from W. 

BALTIMORE, t. Sussex co. Del. compris- 
ing the hundreds of Dagsborough, Indian River, 
Lewes, Rehoboth, and Broad Kiln. 

BANGOR, t. Franklin co. N. Y. 204 m. NW. 
from Albany. Pop. 1076. 

BANGOR, t. and cap. Penobscot co. Maine, 
on the W. side of Penobscot r. at the head of 
navigation, 35 m. N. from Castine, and 52 from 
Owl's Head, at the mouth of Penobscot bay. 
Pop. 2868. It is not open for shipping during 
the winter, but at other seasons it is of very 
easy access for vessels of almost any size, and 
the river is open at all times within 12 ni. to 
Frankfort. Bangor is the natural market for 
a large portion of the interior of Maine. It is 
a flourishing place, and contains a court-house, 
bank, and printing-office. A theological sem- 
inary was opened here in 1815, styled " The 
Maine Charity School." It is under the direc- 
tion of 2 professors and a preceptor. Its de- 
sign is to prepare young men for the ministry 
by a shorter course of study than is usual. 
The qualifications for admission are a know- 
ledge of English grammar, arithmetic, Latin 
grammar, and some acquaintance with the 
Latin classics. The term of study is four years. 



BANISTER, v. Halifax co. Va. 140 m. SW. 

from Richmond. 

BANK'S ISLAND, near the NW. coast of 
America, about 60 m. long and 5 broad. Lon. 
129° 45' to 130° 10' W. ; lat. 53° 30' N. 

BAPTISTOWN, v. Hunterdon co. N.J. 30 
m. NW. from Trenton. 

BARACOA, a town on the NE. coast of Cuba 
with a good harbor for small vessels, 9 m. ENE. 
of St. Jago de Cuba. Lon. 74° 42' W.; lat. 
20° 30' N. 

BARATARIA, bay, or gulf, Louisiana, 18 
m. long from N. to S. Lon, 90° W. ; lat. 29° 
20' N. 

BARATARIA, r. Louisiana, which runs S. 
into a bay of the same name. 

BARATARIA, isl. on N. side of the Gulf 
of Mexico, at the entrance of Barataria bay ; 
55 m. NW. from Balize. Lat. 29° N. It is a 
healthy island and a strong military position, 
and affords a safe and capacious harbor for 
merchant vessels, and light ships of war. 

BAR ATARIA, a bay on the coast of Loui- 
siana, near the mouth of the Mississippi, sur- 
rounded by a flat marshy country. Boats can 
pass from the Mississippi at New Orleans, 
through this bay to the sea. This was for- 
merly a great resort for pirates. 

BARBADOES, one of the Caribbees, and 
the most eastern of the W. India islands. Lat. 
13° 10' N. ; lon. 59° W. The earl of Marl- 
borough obtained from James I. a grant of the 
island, in 1624, and laid the foundation of 
James Town, It is 21 m. long, 14 broad, and 
contains 166 sq. ms. or 106,470 acres. It lies 
20 leagues E. of St. Vincent, 25 from St. Lucia, 
28 SE. from Martinico, 60 NE. from Trinidad, 
and 100 SE. from St. Christopher's. It is di- 
vided into 5 districts and 11 parishes ; chief 
town, Bridgetown. Pop. in 1811, 16,289 whites, 
3,392 free people of color, 62,258 slaves ; pres- 
ent free population, about 20,000. In 1810, 
the imports were £311,400 ; exports, £271,597. 
Owing to the hurricanes, the population and 
produce of the island have diminished. From 
1740 to 1786, the annual exports declined from 
13,948 hogsheads of sugar to 9,554; from 12,884 
puncheons of rum to 5,448, &c. 

BARBARA, St. a town on the W. coast of 
North America, capital of a jurisdiction of its 
name. It stands in a rugged, barren country, 
but has a good roadstead. Lon. 119° 17' W.; 
lat. 34° 54' N. 

BARBARY, v. Rowan co. N. C. 134 m, W 
from Raleigh. 

BARBE, St. a town of Mexico, in New Bis- 
cay, near which are rich silver mines. It is 
500 m. NW. of Mexico. Lon. 107° 5' W. ; 
lat. 26° N. 

BARBER'S, v. Fauquier co. Va. 

BARBOURVILLE, t. and cap. Knox co. 
Ky. 556 m. from W. Pop. 55. 

BARBOURSVILLE, v. Orange co. Va. ; 87 
m. NW. from Richmond. 

BARBUDA, one of the Leeward Islands, in 
the West Indies, 20 m. long, and 10 broad. It 
has a good road for shipping, but no direct 
trade to Britain. The inhabitants are chiefly 



BAR— BAR 



185 



employed in raising corn, and breeding cattle, 
•for the use of the neighboring islands. It is 
35 m. N. from Antigua. Lon. 61° 50' W. ; 
lat. 17° 50' N. 

BARBUE, r. of U. C. falls into lake Erie 40 
m. W. from Long Point. It is now commonly 
called the Orwell. 

BARBUE, r. in the U. S. in the peninsula 
of Mich. ; falls into lake Michigan. 

BARDSTOWN, see Bairdstown. 

BAREFIELDS, v. Liberty co. S. C. on the 
Little Pedee, 412 m. from W. Lon. 79° 23' 
W. ; lat. 34° 12' N. 

BAREFIELDS, t. Marion co. S. C. 41 m. 
from W. 

BARGAINTOWN, v. Gloucester co. N. J. 
194 m. from W. 

BARIL, Island of, in the St. Lawrence r. 
above Ogdensburg. 

BARIL POINT, in St. Lawrence r. above 
Ogdensburg. 

BARKHAMPSTEAD, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 
Pop. in 1820, 1,592. 

BARKHAMPSTEAD, v. in the NE. part 
of Litchfield co. Ct. about 20 m. NW. from 
Hartford. 

BARKSDALE, v. Lincoln co. Geo. 

BARLETT, t. Grafton co. N. H. 

BARLOW, t. Washington co. Ohio. 

BARN TAVERN, v. Southampton co. Va. 
175 m. from W. 

BARNARD, t. Windsor co. Vt. 26 m. NW. 
from Windsor, 484 from W. 

BARNARD, v. Meigs co. Ohio. 

BARNARDSTOWN, t. Franklin co. Mass. 

BARNEGAT, or Limestone, v. in Pough- 
keepsie co. N. Y. 5 m. S. from Poughkeepsie 
village. Here is a large number of lime-kilns, 
and great quantities of lime are manufactured 
here and sent to New York. 

BARNEGAT, bay, and inlet on E. coast of 
N. J. 68 m. ENE. from Cape May. Lon. 73° 
45' W. ; lat. 39° 47' N. 

BARNEGAT, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. on the 
E. side of the Hudson, 10 m. S. from Pough- 
keepsie. 

BARNESVILLE, v. Belmont co. Ohio, 318 
m. from W. 

BARNESVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Md. 
4 m. from the mouth of Monocacy creek, and 
13 S. from Fredericktown. 

BARNET, t. Caledonia co. Vt. on the Con- 
necticut, 8 m. SE. from Danville, 32 E. from 
Montpelier, 329 from W. 

BARNET'S TAVERN, v. Fauquier co. Va. 
59 m. from W. 

BARNSBOROUGH, v. Gloucester co. N. J. 
about 14 m. below Philadelphia. 

BARNSTABLE, co. Mass. comprising the 
peninsula of Cape Cod. Pop. 28*525. The 
chief town has the same name. Vast quanti- 
ties of salt are made in this county by solar 
evaporation. 

BARNSTABLE, t. and cap. Barnstable 
co. Mass. stands on a harbor at the bottom 
of Cape Cod Bay. The town is built with 
considerable neatness, and has some com- 
merce and fishing business. There are exten- 
sive salt marshes in the neighborhood, but 
Y 



the soil here is better than in almost any 
other part of the co. It is 64 m. SE. from 
Boston. Pop. 3,975. 

BARNSTABLE, t. Barnstable co. Mass. 

BARNSTEAD, t. Strafford co. N. H. 26 m. 
ENE. from Concord, 32 NW. from Ports- 
mouth, 563 from W. 

BARNS MILLS, t. Monongahela co. Va. 
near Morgantown, and 219 m. NW. from 
Richmond. 

BARNWELL, district of S. C. having Sa- 
vannah r. SW. Edgefield NW. Orangeburg 
NE. Colleton and Beaufort SE. being 50 m. in 
length by a mean width of 35 ; area 1050 sq. 
ms. surface hilly, and soil of middling quality. 
Staples, cotton and grain. Chief town, Barn- 
well. Pop. 1820, 14,750. 

BARNWELL, C. H. and t. of Barnwell dis- 
trict, S. C. Lat. 33° 13' N. ; lon. 4P 20' W. 

BARRE, t. Worcester co. Mass. 24 m. NW. 
from Worcester, 64 W. from Boston, 417 from 
W. Pop. 2,503. This is a very valuable town- 
ship, and produces great quantities of beef, 
butter, and cheese. 

BARRE, t. Washington co. Vt. 7 m. SE. 
from Montpelier, 524 from W. Pop. 2,012. 

BARRE, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 

BARRE, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. 

BARREN, co. in the S. central part of Ky. 
Pop. 14,821. Glasgow, the chief town, is 134 
m. SW. by S. of Frankfort. Two rivers, one 
called the Little, and the other the Big Barren, 
have their source within the county, running 
in different directions, but both falling into 
the Green river. 

BARREN CREEK, r. which rises in SW. 
corner of Delaware, and runs into the Nanti- 
coke, 2 m. S. from Vienna. 

BARREN CREEK SPRINGS, t. Somerset 
co. Md. 85 m. SE. from Annapolis. 

BARREN RIVER, r. Kentucky, which 
runs into the Green River, between Warren 
and Logan counties. 

BARREN RIVER, Little, r. Ky. which runs 
into Green River, W. of Greensburg. 

BARRENS, t. St. Genevieve co. Miso. 70 
m. SE. from St. Louis. 

BARRIER POINT, the W. point, where 
the r. Petite Nation enters the Ottawa, U. C. 

BARRINGTON, t. Bristol co. R. I. on the 
SW. side of Warren r. Pop. 612. 

BARRINGTON, Great, Berkshire co. Mass. 
about 150 m. W. from Boston. Pop. in 1820, 
1,908. 

BARRINGTON, v. Steuben co. N. Y. 226 
m. W. from Albany. 

BARRINGTON, t. Strafford co. N. H. 28 
m. NW. from Portsmouth, 517 from W. It is 
a large township, and contains several ponds, 
the largest of which, Bow pond, is 650 rods 
long, and 40 broad. It has several houses of 
public worship. Crystal spar, black lead, iron 
ore, alum, and vitriol are found here. In the 
SE. part of the town there is a cave called the 
Bear's Den. 

BARRON'S, t. Prince William co. Va. 48 
m. SW. from W. 

BARRYSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N.C. 
448 m. from W. 



iS6 



BAR — BAT 



BART, t. Lancaster eo. Pa. S. from Stras- 
burg. 

BARTHELEMY, r. Louisiana, which after 
a course W. of S. of about 150 m. joins the 
Ouachitta, 3 m. below the Derbane. 

BARTHOLOMEW, St. parish of S, C. in 
the district of Charleston, containing about 
13,000 inhabitants, three-fourths slaves, 

BARTHOLOMEW, small r. of Arkansas 
and Lou. rising in the former, and falling into 
Ouachitta, 

BARTHOLOMEW, Cape, S. point of Staten 
Island, in the straits of Le Maire. 

BARTHOLOMEW, St. one of the Caribbee 
islands, in the West Indies, 24 m. in circum- 
ference, and 25 N. from St. Christopher. The 
French ceded it to the Swedes in 1785 ; and it 
was taken by the British in 1801, but restored 
to Sweden in 1814. The chief exports are 
drugs and lignumvitse ; and it has a good har- 
bor. Lon, 63° 40' W. ; lat. 17° 46' N. 

BARTLETT, t. Coos co. N. H. Pop. 644. 

BARTON, Lincoln co. U. C. 

BARTON, v. Orleans co. Vt. 50 m. NE. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 729. 

BARTON, small r. of Vt. rising in Orleans 
co. and falling into lake Memphramagog, 

BARTON'S CREEK, r. Tennessee, which 
runs into the Cumberland, about 10 m. above 
Clarksville. 

BASKINRIDGE, t. Somerset co. N. J. on a 
branch of the Passaic, 7 m, SSW. from Mor- 
ristown, 17 N. from New Brunswick, 219 from 
W. Lon. 74° 33' W. ; lat. 40° 40' N. Here 
is a good academy. General Lee was taken 
prisoner here in 1776. 

BASIN HARBOR, v. Addison co. Vt. in 
Ferrisburg ; E, side of Lake Champlain ; 4| 
m. S. of the mouth of Otter creek, 486 from W. 

BASIN MINAS, bay or small gulf at the 
NE. extremity of the Bay of Fundy. 

BASSETERRE, capital of St. Christopher, 
built by the French, before the island was 
ceded to the English in 1713, 

BASSETERRE, capital of Guadaloupe, in 
a district of the same name, in the W. part of 
the island. It is defended by a citadel and 
other fortifications. Lon. 61° 59" W. lat. 15° 
59' N. 

BASS COVE, in Adolphustown, Bay of 
Quinte, U, C, 

BASS ISLANDS,, an interesting group in 
Lake Erie, appertaining to Huron co., Ohio. 
This cluster is composed of 3 principal and 
several smaller islands. In the southern Bass 
Island is the fine harbor of Put-in-Bay,, about 
5 or 6 m. W. of which, on Sept. 10th, 1813, 
capt. Perry captured the British fleet, under 
the command of capt. Barclay. 

BASTARD, t. U, C. between Lansdowne 
and Leeds. 

BATAVIA, or Genesee, t. and cap. Genesee 
eo. N. Y. ; 40 m. E. Buffalo, 256 W. Albany, 
391 from W. Pop. 4,271. It contains a court- 
house, a jail, and other public buildings, and 
has considerable trade. A weekly newspaper 
is published here. 

BATAVIA, t. in Clermont co. Ohio, 

BAT AVI A i Gauga go, Ohio, 



BATCA, t. of Mexico, in Yucatan, on the 
side of the Bay of Campeachy. 

BATESVILLE, t. Independence co. Ar- 
kansas, on White river, 110 m. NE. of Little 
Rock. 

BATES, t. Monroe co. N. Y., 250 m. W 

from Albany. 

BATH, t. Grafton co. N. H. on the Connec- 
ticut ; 14 m. N. Haverhill, 40 N. Dartmouth 
College, 545 from W. Pop. 1,626. The Lower 
Ammonoosuck and Bath turnpike pass through 
this town, and at the point where they inter 
sect there is a handsome village, 

BATH, t. and port of entry? in Lincoln co, 
Maine, on W. side of the Kennebec, 12 m. 
from the sea, 8 SW. Wiseasset, 35 NE. Port- 
land, 150 NE. Boston, 588 from W. Lon. 69° 
49' W. lat. 43° 55' N. Pop. 3,773. Bath is 
pleasantly situated and has great advantages- 
for commerce, being at the head of winter 
navigation. The river here is seldom frozen 
over. It is one of the most considerable com- 
mercial towns in Maine. It contains an 
academy, several banks, and houses of pub- 
lie worship for Congregation alists, Baptists, &c. 

BATH, t. and cap. Steuben co. N. Y., on 
the Conhocton ; 40 m. S. Canandaigua, 245 W. 
Albany, 295 from W. Pop. 1,700. It is a 
pleasant and flourishing town, and has consid 
erable trade. 

BATH, t. Northumberland co, Pa ; 173 m. 
from W. 

BATH, v. Beaufort co. N. C. 61 m. SE. of 
Edenton, on Tar river 24 m. above Pamlicoe 
Sound. Lat. 35° 31' N. 

BATH, co. Ky. having Nicholas NW 7 
Flemming NE., Floyd SE., and Montgomery 
SW. It is 34 hi. in length, with a mean 
breadth of 10 ; area 340 sq. m. Chief town,. 
Owingsville. Pop. 8,799, 

BATH co. in the central part of Va. bound- 
ed N. by Pendleton co., E. by Rockbridge co., 
S. by Botetourt co., and W. by Grsenbriar co, 
Pop. 4,008. Slaves, 882, At the court-house 
there is a post-village, 50 m. WSW. Staunton, 
226 from W. Here is a medicinal spring, called 
Warm Spring ; and another about 6 m. distant 
SW. called Hot Spring, the waters of which, 
at some seasons, are hot enough to beil an egg, 
and are useful in various complaints. 

BATH, t. Medina co, Ohio. 

BATH, Berkeley co, Va. near the Potomac ; 
35 m, NNW. Winchester, 104 from W. Berke- 
ley Springs are near this town, which see. 

BATH, t, Greene co. Ohio. 

BATH, t. Beaufort co. N, C. on a bay 
which sets up from Tar river ; 11 m. ESE, 
Washington, 61 SSW. Edenton, 332 from W. 
Lon. 77° 20' W. lat. 35° 31' N, 

BATH,, v. Renssallaer eo, N. Y. on the E, 
side of the Hudson, opposite the upper part of 
Albany, 

BATH, eo. Va. having Botetourt and Mon- 
roe S. Greenbriar W. Randolph NW. Pendle- 
ton NE, Augusta E. and Rockbridge SE. It 
is 45 m. in length, with a mean breadth of 20 
m. and 900 sq. ms. Situated in the Apala- 
chian ridges ; the face of this co. is mountain- 
ous j the ais is pure and lioalthy ; the soil m 



BAT— BEA 



18? 



general rather sterile, though some very pro- 
ductive land lies along the streams. Chief 
town, Warren Springs. Pop. 1820, 5,237, 
BATH, C, H. and v. Bath co. Va. 50 m. W. 

Staunton, and 227 SW. from W. 

BATON ROUGE, t Lou. on the left bank 
of the river Mississippi. Here, in ascending 
the river, banks rise to a considerable height 
above the elevation of the water in freshets. 
It is about 138 m. above New Orleans, follow- 
ing the river. Here the country is finely im- 
proved. The town contains about 60 or 70 
houses, and 350 inhabitants. 

BATON ROUGE, East, parish of Lou. on 
the left bank of the Mississippi river, having 
that stream W. New Feliciana N. the Amite 
river, or St. Helena E. Iberville river, or St. 
Gabriel S. It is 26 m. in length, with a mean 
width of 15 ; area 400 sq. ms. Its surface is 
rolling towards the N. but becomes generally 
level to the southward. The soil is fertile, and 
in its natural state covered with a dense forest 
Staple, cotton. Chief town, Baton Rouge. Pop. 
6,717. 

BATON ROUGE, West, parish of Lou. on 
the right bank of the Mississippi, opposite 
East Baton Rouge, having the Mississippi river 
E. Plaquemine river, or St. Gabriel SE. Atcha- 
falaya river S W. and W. and Pointe Coupee 
N. It is 30 m. in length, by 25 mean width ; 
area 750 sq. ms. Its surface is a dead alluvial 
plain, extremely fertile, but except near the mar- 
gin of the Mississippi, and some other streams, 
liable to annual submersion. Staple, cotton. 

BATOPILAS, a considerable town of the 
Andes or Cordilleras of Mexico, in the inten- 
dency of Durango. 

BATTERAUX, island, in the river St. Law- 
rence, above Bearded Island. 

BATTLE CREEK, r. Ky. which runs into 
the Ohio, Ion. 85° 36' W. lat. 38° 35' N. 

BATTLETOWN, v. Frederick co. Va. 11 
m. E. by N. from Stevensburg, and 6 E. from 
Winchester. 

BATTURE GRAND, on Ottawa river, be- 
low Portage du Chene, U. C. 

BAUCHERVILLE, a beautifully located 
village on the W. bank of the river St. Law- 
rence, about 10 m. W. of Montreal. 

BAUGHMAN, t Wayne co. Ohio. 

BAYAGUANA, an inland town of the isl- 
and of St. Domingo, about 35 m. NE. of the 
city of St. Domingo. 

BAYAMO, a town in the E. part of Cuba, 
on the river Estero, which forms a bay on the 
coast, 20 m. below the town. It gives name 
to a channel, between Cuba and the islands, 
called the Queen's Garden, and is 80 m. 
WSW. of St. Jago. Lon. 77° 20' W. lat 20° 
45' N. 

BAYDENSVILLE, t. Indiana. 

BAYLESBURG, v. Southampton co.Va.; 
203 from W. 

BAYLE'S STORE, t. Stokes co. N. C. 145 
m. NW. from Raleigh. 

BAY OF ISLANDS, there aic several 
bays in different parts of the world so called ; 
viz. 1st, on the west coast of Newfoundland ; 
&d, in the straits of Magellan ; 3d, on the NE. 



coast of New Holland in lat. 10° 30'; 4th, on 
the NW. coast of America in lat. 57° N. ; 5th, 
on the E. coast of New Zealand. 

BAYOU CARANCIO, t Rapides, Lou. 

BAYOU CHICOT, t. in the northern part 
of Opeloosas, Lou. 30 m. NW. from the vil- 
lage of St. Landre, and 1,488 SW. from W. 

BAY RIVER, t. Craven co. N. C. 20 m. E. 
from Newbern. Bay river is a small creek of 
Pamlico Sound, and forming part of the 
boundary between Beaufort and Craven cos. 

BAZETTA, t in Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 
1820, 196. 

BEACH GROVE, v. Luzerne co. Penn. ; 
204 m. from W. 

BEACH HILL, t. S. C. ; 7 m. SW. Dor- 
chester. 

BEACH ISLAND, t. Hancock co. Maine. 
Pop. 1810, 4, in 1820, 8. 

BEACH ISLAND, small island in the At- 
lantic, near the coast of New Jersey. Lon. 74° 
15' W. lat. 39° 47' N. 

BEACON ISLAND, small island in Pamli- 
co Sound, near the coast of N. C. Lon. 76° 
22' W. lat. 34° 57' N. 

BEALSBURG, t. Harden co. Ky. on E. 
bank of Rolling Fork river : 15 m. WSW. 
Bairdstown, 50 SW. Frankfort Lon. 86° 27' 
W. lat. 37° 42' N. 

BEALLSVILLE, fine v. on the U. S. road, 
Washington co. Penn. 8 m. W. from Browns- 
ville, and 17 E. from Washington, the county 
seat. 

BEAM'S STATION, t Granger co. Tenn. 
30 m. NE. from Knoxville, and 226 NE. from 
Murfreesborough. 

BEAN'S CREEK, v. Franklin co. Tenn.; 
726 m. from W. 

BEAN'S STATION, v. Granger co. Tenn. ; 
498 m. from W. 

BEAR BROOK, r. which runs into the 
Mississippi, lon. 93° 28' W. lat. 44° 40' N. 

BEARCAMP, r. N. H. falls into Ossipee 
Lake. 

BEAR CREEK, r. Ky. which runs into 
Green river, lon. 86° 45' W lat. 36° 52' N. 

BEAR CREEK, r N. C. which runs into 
the Atlantic, lon. 77° 32' W lat. 34° 36' N. 

_ BEAR CREEK, another small stream run- 
ning into the W. side of Miami river in Mont- 
gomery co. Ohio. 

BEARD'S STORE, t Anson co. N. C. 80 
m. SW. of Raleigh. 

BEARD'S CREEK, in Geo. a small branch 
of Altamaha river, in Liberty co. 

BEARD'S MILL, t. Rowan co. N. C. 

BEARDED ISLAND, in the river St. Law 
rence, above Lake St. Francis. 

BEARFIELD, t. in Perry co. Ohio. 

BEAR GAP, v. Northumberland co. Penn.; 
182 m. from W. 

BEAR GRASS CREEK, r. Ky. which runs 
into the Ohio at Louisville. 

BEAR INLET, channel between two small 
islands near the coast of N. C. Lon. 77° 21' 
W. lat. 34° 36' N. 

BEAR ISLAND, small island in the At 
iantic, near the coast of Maine. Lon. 68° 20 r 
W. lat 44° 6' N 



188 



BEA — BEA 



BEAR LAKE, one of the sources of the 
Mississippi, about lat. 48° 20' N. 

BEAR RIVER, r. N. America, which runs 
into the Mississippi, Ion. 92° 44' W. lat. 44° 
20' N. 

BEARER RIVER. See Beaver. 

BEASLEY'S CREEK, r. Ky. which runs 
into the Ohio, Ion. 83° 55' W. lat. 38° 35' N. 

BEATTIE'S FORD, t. Lincoln co. N. C. 

BEAUCHARNOIS ISLE, in the N. east- 
erly part of Lake Superior, not a great way 
from the shore, and eastward of Isle Hocquart. 

BEAUCLERC, port in an island on the 
NW. coast of America. Lat. 56° 17' N. Ion. 
from W. 56° 37' W. 

BEAUFORT, co. N. C. in Newbern district ; 
having Craven SW. Pitt NW Martin and 
Washington N. and Hyde and Pamlico Sound 
E. Length 40 m. mean breadth 17; area 
670. It is generally level. Chief town, Bath. 

BEAUFORT, a maritime district, forming 
the SE. corner of the state of South Carolina ; 
bounded on the SW. by the Savannah river. 
It is a low swampy district, but very produc- 
tive in rice and cotton. In addition to the Sa- 
vannah on the S. it is bounded on the N. by 
the Big-slake-hatchie river, and the Coosaw- 
hatchie intersects the district from NW. to the 
SE. dividing into two branches about the cen- 
tre of the district, and forming an island called 
Port Royal Island, on which is a town named 
Beaufort, formerly the capital of the district, 
but the courts are now held at the town of 
Coosawhatchie, about 20 m. NW. of Beaufort, 
and 193 S. of Columbia, the capital of the 
state. 

BEAUFORT, a co. of North Carolina, di- 
vided into two parts by the Pamlico river, at 
its entrance into Pamlico Sound. It is a 
swampy and dreary district, with a population 
of 10,949. Washington, 130 m. E. by S. of 
Raleigh, is the chief town. 

BEAUFORT, seaport, Beaufort district, S. 
Con Port Royal Island, 75 m. S. from Charles- 
ton, and 58 N. from Savannah. Its harbor is 
deep and spacious. Here is a chartered col- 
lege, but in a languishing state. Lat. 32° 25' 
N. Ion. 3° 30' W. from W. 

BEAUFORT, seaport t. and capital Carteret 
co. N. C. on Gore Sound, 44 m. S. from New- 
bern. Vessels drawing 14 feet water can as- 
cend to this place. It is well situated to be- 
come an extensive depot of trade ; and it is 
proposed to connect its sound with the Neuse, 
Tar, and Roanoke rivers. 

BEAUPORT, Seigniory, Quebec co. L. C. 
at the mouth of the Montmorenci river, on the 
N. side of the St. Lawrence. 

BEAURIVAGE, r. L. C. enters the Chau- 
diere about 4 m. above its mouth. 

BEAUVAIS, r. N. America, which runs 
into lake Michigan. Lon. 85° 36' W.; lat. 
43° 50' N. 

BEAVER, or Bearer, r. N. H. which rises 
in Londonderry, and runs S. into the Merri- 
mack, in Dracut. 

BEAVER, co. W. side of Penn. ; boimded 
N. by Mercer co. E. by Butler co. SW. by 
Alleghany co. S. by Washington co. and W. 



by Ohio state. Pop, 24,206. Chief town, 

Beavertown. 

BEAVER, or Beverton, the chief town of 
this county, is situate at the junction of the 
Beaver river with the Ohio, near the centre 
of the county, 240 W. by N. of Harrisburg. 

BEAVER, t. Crawford co. Pa. 

BEAVER, t. Northumberland co. Penn. W. 
of the Susquehannah. 

BEAVER DAM, v. Delaware co. N. Y. 

BEAVER, t. Green co. Ohio; 86m.WNW. 
Pittsburg. 

BEAVER, t. Columbia co. Ohio. 

BEAVER, Little, t. Beaver co. Pa. 

BEAVER CREEK, r. Ken. which runs 
into the Cumberland, lon. 85° 12' W. lat. 36° 
35' N. 

BEAVER, South, t. Beaver co. Penn. 
BEAVER CREEK, r. Alab. which runs 
into the Tennessee, lon. 87° 50' W. lat. 34° 

38' N. 

BEAVER CREEK, t. Northumberland co. 
Pa. W. the Susquehannah. 

BEAVER CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs 
SW. into the Papachton ; 35 m. long. 

BEAVER CREEK rises in the township 
of Caistor, U. C. and running through part of 
Gainsborough, empties itself into Welland, to 
which river it runs close, and nearly parallel, 
for almost 4 m. before it discharges. 

BEAVER CREEK, in the t. of Humber- 
stone, runs into Lake Erie N. of Row's Point, 
U. C. 

BEAVER CREEK runs into Lake Supe- 
rior on the N. side, between river Aupie and 
river Rouge, U. C. 

BEAVER CREEK, t. Madison co. N. Y. 
85 m. W. from Albany. 

BEAVER CREEK, mill stream, Clark co 
Ohio, running northwardly into Buck creek, a 
little distance above Springfield. 

BEAVER CREEK, name of a creek run- 
ning into the W. side of Little Miami river, in 
Green co. Ohio. 

BEAVER CREEK, also the name of a 
township situated on the above stream, in 
Green co. Pop. 1820, 384. 

BEAVER, t. Green co. Ohio. Pop. 1810 
799, and in 1820, 757. 

BEAVER RIVER empties itself into the 
Narrows, a little below the Falls of St. Mary's, 
running from N. to S. U. C. 

BEAVER, co. Pa. on both sides of Ohio 
river, having part of the state of Ohio W., Mer- 
cer N. Butler E. Alleghany SE. and Wash- 
ington S. It is about 40 m. in length along 
the state of Ohio, with a mean breadth of 
15 m. ; area 600 sq. ms. ; features hilly and 
broken; soil generally, however, fertile, and 
well wooded and watered. Chief town, Beaver, 
cap. Lat. 40° 50' N. lon. W. 3° 20' W. 

BEAVER, Big, or Mahoning, r. which rises 
in Portage co. Ohio, passes into Pennsylvania, 
and joins the Ohio, at Beavertown. 

BEAVER, Little, r. Columbiana co. Ohio, 
which runs S. into the Ohio near the line of 
Ohio and Pennsylvania; 43 m. below Pitts- 
burg. It affords many excellent mill-seats. 
Near the mouth of this river there is a spring, 



BEA — BED 



1S9 



from which issues an oil, called Seneca oil, 
which is highly inflammable, and is useful as 
a remedy for rheumatic pains. 

BEAVER, t. Union co. Pa. Pop. in 1820, 
2,036. 

BEAVER, bor. t. Beaver co. Pa. 

BEAVER DAM, t. Erie co. Pa. 

BEAVER DAM, Goochland co. Va. ; 24 m. 
NW from Richmond. 

BEAVER, Little, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. in 
1810, 1,379, in 1820, 1,144. 

BEAVER, North, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. in 
1810,' 932, in 1820, 1,206. 

BEAVER IRON WORKS, t. Bath.co. Ken. 
78 m. E. from Frankfort. 

BEAVER ISLANDS, remarkable chain of 
small islands, in lake Michigan, extending 
about 30 m. SW. into the lake. Lon. 85° 20' 
W. lat. 62° 20' N. They appear beautiful, 
the situation pleasant, but the soil barren. 

BEAVERTOWN, t. Union co. Pa. ; 69 m. 
N. from Harrisburg. 

BEAVER, the southeastemmost town of 
Guernsey, co. Ohio. Pop. in 1820, 556. 

BECANCOUR, r. of L. C. enters the St. 
Lawrence, opposite the mouth of the river St. 
Maurice. Its sources interlock with those of 
the Chaudiere. 

BECCARIA, t. Clearfield co. Pa. 

BECKET, v. of Berkshire co. Mass. on 
the head of Westfield r. 17 m, SE. from 
Lenox, and 25 W. from Northampton. Pop. 
1,065. 

BECKHAMSVILLE, t. Chester district, 
S. C. on the Wateree, 32 m. NW. from Cam- 
den. 

BEAVERSDAM, v. Queen Anne co. Md. 
126 m. from W. 

BEAVERTOWN, bor. and cap. Beaver co. 
Pa. at the confluence of the Big Beaver with 
the Ohio; 30 m. below Pittsburg, and 253 
from W. It is a place of considerable busi- 
ness, and contains a court-house, a jail, a 
bank, an academy, and a printing-office, and 
has various manufactures. There is a valuable 
iron mine in its vicinity. 

BEAVERTOWN, t. Union co. Pa. 

BECKMANSVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N. 
Y. 376 m. from W. 

BECKMANSVILLE, or Rocky Mount, t.. 
Chester co. S. C. on the Wateree ; 30 m. NW. 
from Camden, and 480 from W. This place 
is celebrated for a shad fishery. 

BECKET, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 17 m. 
SE. from Lenox, 110 W. from Boston, and 
376 from W. Pop. 1,065. 

BEDDINGTON, t. Washington co. Maine, 
near the source of Pleasant river, 35 m. NW. 
by W. from Machias. 

BEDFORD, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. Pop. 
1,554. * P 

BEDFORD, t. Middlesex co. Mass. Pop. 685. 

BEDFORD, (New) t. and s-p. Bristol co. 
Mass. ; 26 m. SSE. from Taunton, 52 S. from 
Boston, and 458 from W. Lat. 41° 38' N. It 
is pleasantly situated on the W. side of an 
arm of the sea which makes up from Buzzard's 
bay. It contained in 1810, 5,651 inhabitants : 
since which Fairhaven on the opposite side, 



has been set off and separately incorporated, 
leaving to New Bedford, at that time, a popu- 
lation of about 3,000, of whom about 2,500 
were in the village. The population is now 
7,592. It contains an insurance office, 3 
banks, 10 churches, and 7 manufactories for 
spermaceti candles. The harbor is safe and 
commodious, having a depth of water of from 
3 to 4 fathoms. The shipping belonging to 
this port amounts to 60,000 tons, about 40^000 
of which is employed in the whale fishery. 
Being surrounded by a country which fur- 
nishes but few articles of export, the prosper- 
ity of the town depends much on the whale 
fishery. The exports to Europe and the West 
Indies for two years, ending June 30, 1818, 
averaged 130,000 dollars each; of which 
sperm and whale oil, sperm candles, fish and 
fish oil, constituted the greatest part. There 
are several rope-walks, and ship-building is 
carried on to a considerable extent. 

BEDFORD, bor. v. and cap. of Bedford co. 
Pa. about 189 m. W. of Philadelphia, 91 E. 
by S. of Pittsburg, and 150 NW. from W. 
The situation of this town is extremely ro- 
mantic, being surrounded by mountains. It 
is now much frequented in the summer 
season on account of the mineral springs in 
its neighborhood. Pop. in 1810, 547, and in 
1820, 789. The co. was divided from Cum- 
berland, and Bedford erected into a county 
town, March 1771 

BEDFORD, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 52 
m. from Boston. Pop. 1,554. 

BEDFORD, t. Middlebury co. Mass.; 16 
m. NW. from Boston. Pop. 665. 

BEDFORD, co. Pa. having Md. S. Somer- 
set W. Cambria NW. Huntingdon NE. and 
Franklin SE. Length 52 m. mean breadth, 
about 31 ; containing 1,600 sq. ms. ; surface 
extremely diversified by mountains, hills, and 
valleys ; soil equally varied : in general rocky 
and barren in the mountains, but fertile and 
well watered in the valleys. Staples, grain, 
flour, whiskey, and salted provisions. It is 
very productive in excellent iron, and pos- 
sesses some mineral coal. The springs near 
Bedford have become a place of fashionable 
resort in the months of July, August, and 
September. Chief town, Bedford. Pop. 54,636. 

BEDFORD, t. Eedford co. Pa. Pop. in 
1820, 1,321. 

BEDFORD, v. Cuyahoga co Ohio. 

BEDFORD, co. Va. having Franklin SW. 
Botetourt W. and NW. Rockbridge N. Am- 
herst NE. Campbell SE. and Pittsylvania S 
It is 30 m. in length, by a mean breadth of 
22 ; area 660 sq. ms. separated by the Blue 
Ridge from Botetourt co. A part of Bedford 
is mountainous; it is, in general, however, 
hilly, and moderately fertile. Staples, tobacco 
and grain. Chief town, Liberty. Pop. 20,253, 
of whom 8,790 were slaves. 

BEDFORD, E. part of Brooklyn, N. Y. 

BEDFORD, t, West-Chester co. N. Y.; 44 
m. NNE. from New York, 130 S. from Al- 
bany, and 272 from W. Pop. 2,750. The 
village contains a court-house, a jail, an 
academy, and a Presbyterian meeting-house 



190 



BED — BEL 



The courts of the county are held alternately 
at Bedford, and at White Plains. 

BEDFORD, v. in the northern part of 
Henry co. Ken. 12 m. SE. from Port William, 
at the mouth of Ken. r. and 40 NW. from 
Frankfort. 

BEDFORD, v. Cayahoga co. Ohio, 184 m. 
NE. from Columbus. 

BEAJORA, co. of Ten. on Duck river, 
having - Maury W., Williamson NW. Ruther- 
ford N. Warren NE., Franklin SE. and Lin- 
coln S. Staples, cotton and small grain. Chief 
town, Shelbyville. Pop. 16,012. 

BEDMINSTER, t. Sussex co. N. J.; 13 m. 
SE. from Morristown. Here is an academy. 

BEDMINSTER, t. Somerset co. N. J. 

BEDMINSTER, t. Bucks co. Pa. 

BECKMAN, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. ; 12 m. 
E. from Hudson city. This township con- 
tains 6 houses of public worship. Pop. 1,584. 

BEELIN'S FERRY, v. Cumberland co. 
Pa. ; 144 m. from W. 

BEECH GROVE, t. E. Feliciana parish, La. 

BEECH HILL, t. Jackson co. Ten. 70 m. 
NE. from Nashville. 

BEECH PARK, t. Gallatin co, Ken. by the 
post-road, 48 m. N. from Frankfort, 

BEEKMAN, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 10 m. 
E. from Poughkeepsie. Pop. 1,584. 

BE 10 KM AN TOWN, t. Clinton co. N. Y. 
Pop. 2,391. 

BEEKMANSVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N. 
York. 

BEEKMANTOWN, v. Clinton co. N. Y. 
173 m. N. from Albany. 

BEELING'S FERRY, v. of Cumberland 
co. Pa. 

BEERING, or Bhering's Strait, the nar- 
row sea between the W. coast of N. America, 
and the E. coast of Asia. It is 13 leagues 
wide, in the narrowest part, between the capes 
Prince of Wales, and Tchukotskoi. The 
Arctic Circle passes this strait, a little N. of 
the narrowest part. 

BEERING'S, formerly Admiralty Bay, 
NW. coast of N. America. Lon. 62° W. lat. 
59° 20' N. 

BEESLEY'S, t. Cape May co. N. J. 105 m. 
S. from Trenton. 

BEL-AIR, or Bellair, t. and cap. Harford 
co. Md. ; 23 m. NNE. from Baltimore, and 68 
from W. It contains a court-house, a jail, a 
Methodist meeting-house, and an academy. 

BELCHERTOWN, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 
15 m. ESE. from Northampton, 80 W. from 
Boston, and 400 from W. It is a pleasant 
town. Pop. 2,491. 

BELFAST, s-p. Waldo co. Maine ; 12 m. 
NW. from Castine, 224 NE. from Boston, and 
641 from W. Lat. 44° 25' N. It is delight- 
fully situated on Belfast bay, at thefmouth of 
a small river of the same name, and at the 
NW. part of Penobscot bay. It has a good 
harbor and great maritime advantages, and is 
a flourishing town. Pop. 3,077. 

BELFAST, t. Bedford co. Pa. 

BELFAST, v. Laurens district, S. C. ; 559 
m. from W. 

BELLFONTAINE, a small town and seat 



of justice for Logan co. Ohio, 18 m. N from 
Urbana, and 56 NW. from Columbus. 

BELFORD, v. Nash co. N. C; 259 m. 
from W. 

BELGRADE, t. Kennebeck co. Maine; 13 
m. NNW. from Augusta, and 172 ENE. from 
Boston. Pop. 1,375. 

BELLAIRE, Seigniory, L. Canada, Hamp- 
shire co. on the N. side of St. Lawrence r. 24 
m. above Quebec. 

BELL BROOK, v. Green co. Ohio. 

BELLAIR, v. Lancaster district, S. C. ; 471 
m from W. 

BELLAMY BANK RIVER, r. N. H. 
which rises in Barrington, and flows into the 
Piscataqua, in S. part of Dover. 

BELLAMY, small isl. in the Atlantic near 
the coast of S. C. Lon. 78° 35' W. lat. 33° 
50' N. 

BELLE-FONTAINE, v. and military post, 
Missouri Territory, on S. side of the Missouri, 
4 m. above its mouth, 16 N. from St. Louis. 
Here is a palisade work and barracks, suffi- 
cient to accommodate 300 men. 

BELLEFONTE, bor. and cap. Centre co. 
Pa. ; 3 m.from Milesburg, 238 WNW. from' 
Philadelphia, and 189 from W. It has an 
elevated situation at the head of boat naviga- 
tion on Spring Creek. It is regularly laid out, 
and contains a bank, an academy, the county 
buildings, &c. and is situated in a fertile 
country. 

BELLEISLE, isl. of North America at the 
mouth of the strait between New Britain and 
Newfoundland, whence the straits take also 
the name of Belleisle. Lon. 21° 33' W. from 
W. lat. 51° 55' N. 

BELLE-RIVER, U. C. runs into St. Clair, 
to the eastward of r. Aux Puces, and is navi- 
gable for boats some way up. 

BELLE VERNON, t. Fayette co. Pa. 8 m. 
from Uniontown, and 194 SW. by W. from 
Harrisburg. 

BELLEVIEW, and settlement Of Wash- 
ington co. Miso. in the Maine district ; it con- 
tains about 1000 inhabitants. 

BELLEVILLE, v. Essex co. N. J. ; 5 m. 
above Newark, on the Passaic river. At this 
place, printing, bleaching, and dying manu- 
factories are established. The calico-printing 
works produce annually near 7,000,000 vards. 

BELLEVILLE, t. Wood co. Va. on the left 
bank of Ohio r. at the mouth of Lee's creek. 

BELLEVILLE, t. Logan co. Ohio. 

BELLEVILLE, t. Richland co. Ohio, on 
the W. branch of Mohiccon creek. 

BELLEVILLE, v. on Trade W r ater r. in 
the western part of Hopkins co. Ken. 200 m. 
SW. by W. from Frankfort. 

BELLEVILLE, v. Cunecuh co. Ala. 70 m. 
NNE. from Pensacola, and 100 m. S. from 
Cahaba. 

BELLEVIEW, fief of L. C. in Surry co. 
on the right bank of St. Lawrence, 22 m. NE. 
from Montreal. 

BELLEVILLE, parish, Newbury, Mass. 1 
m. from Newburyport. 

BELLEVILLE, t. and cap. St. Clair co. II. 
18 m. from the Mississippi; 15 E. from Caho- 



BEL— -BER 



191 



kia, 50 N. from Kaskaskia, and 992 from W. 
It is surrounded by a rich country, which is 
rapidly increasing in population. 

BELLEVILLE, v. Mifflin co. Pa. 139 m. 
from W. 

BELLFIELD, t. Greensville co. Va. on the 
Meherrin, opposite Hicksford ; 45 m. S. from 
Petersburg-. 

BELLINGHAM, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 26 m. 
SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,101. 

BELLONA, arsenal and t. Chesterfield, Va. 
10 m. NE. from Lexington. 

BELLOWS FALLS, a cataract in the 
Connecticut between Walpole and Rocking- 
ham, consisting of several pitches in a very 
narrow strait of the river. A large rock here 
divides the stream into two channels, each 90 
feet wide, but when the river is low the whole 
current is thrown into the western channel, 
where it is contracted to 16 feet and rushes 
with astonishing rapidity. A bridge is built 
over these faUs, and a canal passes round 
them. 

BELLOWS FALLS, v. in the township of 
Rockingham, Vt. opposite the falls ; 5 m. NW. 
from Walpole, 26 S. from Windsor, and 452 
from W. It. is a flourishing village, and con- 
tains an Episcopal church, a printing-office, a 
paper-mill, an oil-mill, and other mills. 

BELLVILLE, v. in the NE. part of Rock- 
bridge co. Va. 10 m. NE. from Lexington, and 
151 W. from Richmond. 

BELLVUE, extensive prairie of La. in the 
Opelousas. It lies between the waters of the 
Teche and Vermilion, and those of the Mer- 
mentau r. 

BELMONT, v. Hancock co. Me. 97 m. 
NE. from Portland. 

BELMONT, v. Wayne co. Miss. 168 m. 
from St. Charles. 

BELMONT, t. Waldo co. Me. 20 m. W. 
from Castine. Pop. 1,024. 

BELMONT, co. Ohio, having the Ohio r. 
E. Monroe co. S. Guernsey W Harrison and 
Jefferson N. Staples, grain and salted pro- 
visions. Chief town, Woodfield. Pop. 24,412. 

BELPRE, t. Washington co. Ohio, on the 
Ohio r. 14 m. SW. from Marietta, 319 from 
W. It is a pleasant town. 

BELVIDERE, t. Franklin co. Vt. on the 
waters of La Moelle r. 38 m. N. from Mont- 
pelier. Pop. 185. 

BELVIDERE, t. Warren co. N. J. on the 
Delaware, at the mouth of Pequest r. 11 m. 
NNE. from Easton, 54 from Trenton, 208 from 
W. It is a handsome village, has valuable 
mills, and is the seat of justice for the county. 
Here is a bridge over the Delaware. 

BENEDICT, t. Charles co. Md. on W. side 
of the Patuxent ; 68 m. SW. from Baltimore, 
48 from W. 

BENGAL, t. Oneida co. N. Y. on the NE. 
side of Oneida lake, 423 m. from W. It lies 
on the W. side of Rome, between Fish creek 
and Constantia. 

BENJ AMINVILLE, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 
299 m. from W 

BENNINGTON, co. Vt. forming the SW. 
angle of that state, having Rutland N. Wind- 



sor NE. Windham E. Berkshire in Mass. S* 
and Washington co. N. Y. W. It is 40 m. in 
length, with a mean width of 17 m. area 680 
sq. ms. ; its features are hilly in general, and 
in part mountainous. At Mount Anthony there 
is a cave containing many beautiful petrifac- 
tions. Staples, flour, salted provisions, and 
lumber. Chief town, Bennington. Pop. 1820, 
16,125 ; 1830, 17,470. 

BENNINGTON, chief town of Bennington 
co. Vt. 36 m. NE. from Albany, 36 W. from 
Brattleborough, 33 N. from Pittsfield, in Mass, 
It is famous for a victory obtained here, Aug 
16th, 1777, by the troops of the U. S. under 
Gen. Starke, over a detachment of the British 
army, or rather Hessians, under Cols. Baum 
and Breyman, which was a prelude to the de- 
cisive victory at Saratoga, by which Gen. Bur- 
goyne and all his army submitted to the U. S. 
army under Gen. Gates. The principal public 
edifices are a chinch, court-house, and jail. It 
lies in lat. 42° 52' N. and Ion. 3° 56' E. from 
W. Pop. 3,419. 

BENNINGTON, v. Mercer co. Pa. on the 
Shenango, 60 m. NNW. from Pittsburg. 

BENNINGTON, t. in the NE. quarter of 
Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 1820, 412. 

BENNINGTON, t. Licking co. Ohio. 

BENNINGTON, v. St. Clair co. Ala. 163 
m. N. from Cahaba. 

BENNINGTON, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 15 
m. SW. from Batavia. Pop. 796. 

BENNSVILLE, v. Charles co. Md. 8 m. 
from Piscataway, 23 from W, 

BENSALEM, t. Bucks co. Pa. on the NW. 
side of the Delaware, SW. from Bristol. 

BENSBOROUGH, v. Pitts co. N. C. 60 m, 
SE. from Raleigh, 278 from W. 

BENSON, t. Rutland co. Vt. E. lake Cham- 
plain, 62 m. S. from Burlington, 446 from W. 
Pop. 1,493. 

BENT CREEK, v. Buckingham co. Va. 222 
m. from W. 

BENTINCK POINT, the NE. point of 
Henchenbrook island, NW. coast of America 
Lon. 214° 24' E. ; lat. 60° 28' N. 

BENTINCK'S ARMS, two branches of an 
inlet on the NW. coast of America. Lon. 233° 
to 233° 21' E. ; lat. 52° to 52° 25' N. 

BENTLEYVILLE, v. Halifax co. N. C.J 
275 m. from W. 

BENTON, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on W. side 
of Seneca lake, 339 m. from W. It lies on W* 
side of Jerusalem. 

BENTON, t. Scott co. Mis. 165 m. from St, 
Louis. 

BENTON, North, v. Ontario co. N. Y. 

BERGEN, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 437 m. from 
W. Pop. 1,508. 

BERGEN, co. N. J. bounded NNE. by New 
York, E. by the Hudson, S. and SW. by Essex 
and Morris cos. and W. by Sussex co. Pop, 
22,414. Chief town, Hackensack. 

BERGEN, t. Bergen co. N. J. near the mouth 
of the Hudson, 3 m. W. from New York, 88 
NE. from Philadelphia. Lon. 74° 55' W.; 
lat. 40° 44' N. 

BERKHAMSTEAD, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 
The lands are rough and broken. Pop, 1 7 715 



192 



BER — BER 



BERKLEY, t. Bristol co. Mass. ; 5 m. S. 
from Taunton, 36 S. from Boston, 484 from W. 
Pop. 907. 

BERKLEY, or Sandtown, v. Gloucester co. 
N. J. 14 m. from Philadelphia. 

BERKLEY, co. Va. bounded N. by the Po- 
tomac, E. by Tefferr;on co. S. by Frederick co. 
and W. by Hampshire co. Pop. 10,528. Chief 
town, Martinsburg. 

BERKLEY SPRINGS, t. Berkley co. Va. 
.110 m. from W. These springs are near the 
town of Bath. The waters are useful to per- 
sons laboring under the jaundice, or affections 
of the liver. They are finely situated, and 
much resorted to by gay and fashionable peo- 
ple, as weU as by invalids. 

BERKLEY'S SOUND, NW. coast of Ame- 
rica, 70 m. SE. from Nootka Sound. 

BERKS, co. Pa. on the Schuylkill. Pop. 
53,35 7. This is one of the most fertile coun- 
ties in Pa. Chief town, Reading. 

BERKSHIRE, t. Franklin co. Vt. on the 
Missisque r. 39 m. N. from Burlington. Pop. 
1,308. 

BERKSHIRE, co. Mass. the W. part of the 
state. Pop. 37,825. Chief town, Lenox. It 
is crossed from N. to S. by the Green moun- 
tains. Quarries of marble are opened in 
Stockbridge, Sheffield, Lanesborough, and other 
places. 

BERKSHIRE, t. Tioga co. N. Y. 210 m. 
SW. from Albany. Pop. 1,683. 

BERKSHIRE, t. Delaware co. Ohio, 10 m. 
E. from Delaware, 23 N. from Columbus. 

BERKSHIRE VALLEY, v. Morris co. N.J. 

BERLIN, t. Worcester co. Mass.; 14 m. 
NNE. from Worcester, 23 W. from Boston. 
Pop. 692. 

BERLIN, t. Washington co. Vt. 3 m. SSW. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 1,664. 

BERLIN, t. Hartford co. Ct. 11 m. S. from 
Hartford, 23 N. from Hew Haven, on the turn- 
pike road between these two cities. It is di- 
vided into three parishes, Worthington, Ken- 
sington, and New Britain. Pop. 3,038. Wor- 
thington is the principal seat of the manufac- 
ture of tin ware, which is carried on by ped- 
lars to a very great extent. The pedlars set 
off in the autumn in wagons loaded with the 
tin ware, together with other articles of mer- 
chandise, and proceed chiefly to the southern 
and western states. Workmen are also sent 
out by water with a sufficient quantity of the 
raw materials to employ them during the win- 
ter, and establish themselves in different towns 
in the interior. To them the pedlar resorts, 
when his stock is exhausted, for a fresh sup- 
ply. In this way a large amount of goods is 
sold during the six or eight months that they 
are absent, and their tin ware is thus distrib- 
uted in all parts of the United States. 

BERLIN, t. Adams co. Pa. 13 m. W. from 
York, 100 W. from Philadelphia, 89 from W. 

BERLIN, t. Somerset co. Pa. 30 m. WSW. 
from Bedford, 240 W. from Philadelphia, 194 
from W. 

BERLIN, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 20 m. E. 
from Albany. Pop. 2,019. 
BERLIN, New, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 7 m. 



ENE. from Norwich, 90 W. from Albany, 355 
from W. Pop. 1,632. 

BERLIN, New, t. Union co. Pa. ; 174 m, 
from W. 

BERLIN, t. Huron co. Ohio, 83 m. N. from 
Columbus. 

BERLIN, Coshocton co. Ohio. 

BERLIN, Delaware co. Ohio. 

BERLINSVILLE, v. Northampton co. Pa. 
207 m. from W. 

BERMUDA HUNDRED, small settlement 
on a point of land between the junction of the 
Appomatox with James river, 2 m. N. from 
City Point, 22 by land and upwards of 50 by 
the river ESE. from Richmond. 

BERMUDAS, or Somers' Islands, a cluster 
of small islands in the Atlantic Ocean, in num- 
ber about 400, but for the most part so small 
and barren, that they have neither inhabitants 
nor name. 200 leagues distant from Cape 
Hatteras in N. Carolina, which last is the 
nearest land to them. They extend from NE. 
to SW. about 45 m. Their whole coast is sur- 
rounded with rocks. The N. point of the 
islands lies in lat. 32° 34' N. ; Ion. 63° 28' W. 
The largest of these islands are St. George, 
which is 4 or 5 m. long and 2 broad ; St. Da- 
vid, Cooper, Ireland, Somerset, Long Island, 
Bird Island, and Nonesuch. On the first there 
is a town, containing about 300 houses. The 
winter is hardly perceptible here. The fields 
and trees are clad in perpetual green, and so 
salubrious is the air, that invalids frequently 
come hither for the recovery of their health. 
The Bermudas contain from 10,000 to 12,000 
acres of poor land, of which nine parts in ten 
are either uncultivated, or reserved in woods 
for the supplying of timber for building small 
ships, sloops, and shallops for sale ; this being- 
the principal employment of the inhabitants. 
Pop. estimated at 10,381 ; 5,462 of whom are 
whites, and 4,919 are blacks. They have two 
harvests of Indian corn in the year, one in 
July, the other in December. They likewise 
cultivate tobacco, legumes, and fruit sufficient 
for their wants. 

BERMUDIAN, v. York co. Pa. 48 m. S. 
from Harrisburg. 

BERN, t. Albany co. N. Y. 20 m. W. from 
Albany, 397 from W. This township contains 
5 houses for public worship. 

BERN, t. Somerset co. N. Y. 

BERN, Upper, t. Berks co. Pa. 

BERN, Lower, t. Berks co. Pa. 

BERN, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. 

BERNARDSTON, t. Franklin co. Mass. 5 
m. N. from Greenfield, 96 WNW. from Boston, 
413 from W. Here is a quarry of -marble. 

BERNARDSTOWN, t. Somerset co. N J 
Pop. 1,879. 

BERNE, t. Franklin co. Mass. on the Hock- 
hocking, 3 m. W. from Lancaster. 

BERNER'S BAY, on the NW. coast of 
America, between Point Bridget and Point St. 
Mary. Lat. 58° 43h' N. 

BERRY-HILL-BLUFF, v. Putnam co. Geo. 

BERRYSBURG, v. Dauphin co. Pa. 28 m. 
from Harrisburg. 

BERRY'S FERRY, over the Shenandoah, 



BER — BEU 



193 



and t. Frederick co. Va. on the road from 
Leesburg to Winchester. 58 m. W. from W. 

BERRY'S LICK, v. Logan co. Ken. 745 
m. from W. 

BERRYSVILLE, v. Charles co. Md. 

BERRYSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N.C. 
460 m. from W. 

BERTHIER, v. and seigniory, Warwick co. 
L. Canada, on the N. shore of the St. Lawrence, 
46 m. NE. from Montreal, 50 SW. from Three 
Rivers. The village contains at least 80 houses, 
and many granaries, and store-houses of Brit- 
ish manufactured goods. The neighboring 
country is thriving and populous, and from it 
large quantities of grain are annually exported. 

BERTHIER, seigniory, Hertford co. L. C. 
on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 25 m. E. 
from Quebec. 

BERTIE, t. Lincoln co. U. C. on lake Erie, 
at its eastern extremity, having Niagara r. on 
the east. 

BERTIE, co. N. C. on the Roanoke, at its 
entrance into Albemarle Sound. Pop. 12,276. 
Chief town, Windsor. 

BERWICK, t. York co. Maine, on Salmon 
Fall r. 16 m. NW. from Portsmouth. The 
village extends about 2 m. along the r. and car- 
ries on a considerable trade, chiefly in lumber. 
Berwick has an academy. Pop. 3,168. 

BERWICK, South, t. York co. Maine, on 
Salmon Fall r. 12 m. NW. from York, 17 N. 
by W. from Portsmouth. At the landing at the 
foot of the falls is a flourishing village. 

BERWICK, t. Columbia co. Pa. on the E. 
branch of the Susquehannah, opposite the falls 
in Nescopeck creek, 22^- m. above Sunbury. 

BERWICK, or Abbotstown, Adams co. Pa. 
41 m. SW. from Harrisburg. 

BESBOROUGH ISLAND, in Norton Sound, 
on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 63° 10' N. 

BETHABARA, t. Stokes co. N. C. 4 m. SE. 
from Bethania ; remarkable for being the first 
settlement of the Moravians in that section of 
the U. S. ; begun in 1753. 

BETHANIA, or Bethany, t. Stokes co. N.C. 
4 m. NW. from Bethabara, 9 NW. from Salem, 
10 SW. from Germantown, 368 from W. It 
is a Moravian town. 

BETHANY, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 397 m. 
fromW. Pop. 2,374. 

BETHANY, t. and cap. Wayne co. Pa, 50 
m. NE. from Wilkesbarre, 279 from W. 

BETHANY CHURCH, t IredeU co. N. C. 
170 m. W. from Raleigh. 

BETHEL, t. Oxford co. Maine, 18 m. NW. 
from Paris, 170 NNE. from Boston, 593 from W. 

BETHEL, t. Windsor co. Vt. 29 m. NNW. 
from Windsor. 

BETHEL, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. 60 m. W. 
from Newburg, 307 from W. 

BETHEL, t. Bedford co. Pa. 

BETHEL, t. Berks co. Pa. 

BETHEL, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 20 m. NW. 
from Strafford, 26 a little N. of W. from New 
Haven. 

BETHEL, t. Lebanon co. Pa. 
BETHEL, t. Huron co. Ohio. 
BETHEL, t. York co. Maine, chiefly on the 
S. bank of the Androscoggin r. 

Z 



BETHEL, t. Delaware co. Pa. 

BETHEL, t. Dauphin co. Pa. at the foot of 
the Blue mountain. 

BETHEL, t. Miami co. Ohio. 

BETHEL, t. Clermont co. Ohio, 656 m. 
from W. 

BETHEL, t. Clark co. Ohio. 

BETHLEHEM, t. Grafton co. N. H. 69 m. 
N. from Concord. 

BETHLEHEM, t. Albany co. N. Y. on the 
Hudson, 8 m. below Albany. In this town 
two remarkable caves have lately been dis- 
covered. 

BETHLEHEM, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. on 
a branch of the Raritan. Pop. 1820, 2,002. 

BETHLEHEM, t. Northampton co. Pa. on 
the Lehigh, 12 m. SW. from Easton, 53 N. from 
Philadelphia. It is a settlement of the Mora- 
vians or United Brethren. The situation is 
healthful and pleasant, and in summer is fre- 
quented by travellers from various places. 
There are two boarding schools, one for young 
ladies, and the other for boys, which are in 
high repute, and receive many scholars from 
New York, Philadelphia, and other parts of 
the United States. 

BETHLEHEM, t. Oglethorpe co. Geo. 65 
m. NNE. from Milledgeville. 

BETHLEHEM, t. Clarke co. In. 100 m. S. 
from Indianapolis. 

BETHLEHEM, East, t. Washington co. Pa. 
on the Monongahela. 

BETHLEHEM, West, t. Washington co. 
Pa. 

BETHLEHEM, t. Stark co. Ohio. 

BETHLEHEM'S CREEK, or Vlamari>s 
kill, N. Y. runs into the Hudson, 7 m. below 
Albany. 

BETHLEHEM-CROSS-ROADS, v. South- 
ampton co. Va. 

BETHLEM, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 9 m. S. 
from Litchfield, 32 NNW. from New Haven. 
Pop. 906. 

BETHSAIDA, v. Jones co. Geo. 25 m. W. 
from Milledgeville. 

BETTSBURG, v. in Jerusalem, Chenango 
co. N. Y. 307 m. from W. 

BEVERLY, t. and s-p. Essex co. Mass. 1| 
m. N. from Salem, 16 NNE. from Boston, 453 
from W. It is connected with Salem by a 
bridge 1,500 feet in length. It contains seve- 
ral meeting-houses, a bank, and an insurance 
office. It is a place of considerable trade, and 
is largely concerned in the fisheries. Pop. 
4,079. 

BEVERLY, t. and cap. Randolph co. Va. 
50 m. W. by N. from Franklin, 280 WNW. 
from Richmond, 129 from W. It is handsome- 
ly situated between two branches of Tygart's 
Valley r. and is laid out in 3 parallel streets. 
It contains a brick court-house, a jail, and is a 
place of considerable business. 

BEVERLY, t. York co. U. C. SW. from 
York. 

BEUF RIVER, r. of N. A. which runs into 
the Mississippi. Lon. 91° 34' W.; lat. 39° 
15' N. 

BEUF RIVER, r. of N. A. which runs into 
the Missouri. Lon. 91° 45' W. ; lat. 38° 25' IS 



194 



BEU— BIM 



BEULA, small t. Cambria co. Pa. planted 
chiefly by emigrants from Wales, (G. B.) about 
60 m. E. from Pittsburg. 

BIBB, co. Ala. bounded N. by Shelby, E. by 
Coosa r. S. by Autauga and Perry, and W. by 
Tuscaloosa. Cahaba r. passes through this 
county, and the 33° N. lat. and 10° of Ion. W. 
from W. intercepts in its western part. Pop. 
6,305. 

BIBB, C. H. and t. Bibb co. Ala. 35 m. SE. 
by E. from Tuscaloosa. 

BIC, seigniory, Cornwallis co. L. C. on the 
S. side of the St. Lawrence, 153 m. below 
Quebec. 

BICHE MARIAS A LA, empties itself 
into lake Ontario, at the NE. part of the t. of 
Grantham, U. C. 

BICKLEY'S STORE, t. Abbeville district, 
S. C. 100 m. W. from Columbus. 

BIDDEFORD, t. and s-p. York co. Maine, 
near the mouth of the Saco, on W. side oppo- 
site Saco, 27 m. NE. from York, 105 NE. from 
Boston. Pop. 1,995. 

BIDDLE, lake, one of the sources of Big- 
horn r. Is laid down on Mellish's map ; it is 
at 42° 40' N. lat. ; Ion. 32° 40 W. from W. 

BIENVENU, a bayou in the parish of Or- 
leans, Lou. running E. into lake Borgne. By 
this channel the British army reached the Mis- 
sissippi in Dec. 1814, when marching upon 
New Orleans. 

BIEKA, or Crab, one of the Virgin Islands, 
9 m. ESE. from Porto Rico. Lon. 65° 15' W. 
Lat- 18° N. 

BIGBAY SETTLEMENT, v. Illinois, 868 
m. from W. 

BIGBLACK, r. Mississippi, runs SW. 170 
m. and falls into the Mississippi at the Great 
Gulf, 50 m. above Natchez. It is navigable 
in wet seasons 70 m. 

BIGBLUE, r. Indiana, runs into the Ohio, 
about 16 m. W. from Cory don. 

BIGBONE CREEK, Ken. runs N. into the 
Ohio, 40 m. below Cincinnati. Bigbone Licks 
is 8 m. above its mouth, and is a tract of land 
on each side of the r. furrowed by the tongues 
of the buffaloes and deer, who lick it for the 
salt with which it is impregnated. It receives 
its name from the bones of some enormous 
animal which were found here. 

BIG CREEK, a branch of the LoosaHatchie 
r. Shelby co. Ten. 

BIGDRY, r. N. A. which runs into the Mis- 
souri, 25 m. from Bigdry Creek. 

BIGDRY CREEK, r. N. A. which runs into 
the Missouri, 150 m. W. of the Yellowstone. 

BIG-EAGLE, t Scott co. Ken. 25 m. from 
Frankfort. 

BIG EDDY, r. Ken. which runs into the 
Cumberland. 

BIG FLAT, v. in the t. of Elmira, Tioga co. 
N. Y. 288 m. from W. 

BIG HACHY, r. Ten. and Mis. rises in 
the latter, and flowing NW. enters Henderson 
and Madison cos. in the former ; gradually 
turns W. and falls in the Mississippi r. ; lat. 
35° 30' N. 

BIGHORN, r. N. A. rises in the Rocky 
mountains, near the sources of the Platte, and 



falls into the Yellowstone at Manuel's fort. 
Its length is 800 m. In its course it receives 
two considerable rivers, one from the W. and 
one from the S. called Little Bighorn r. It is 
unobstructed by falls, and is navigable to a 
great distance in canoes, through a rich opera 
country. 

BIGHORN, Little, r. N. A.; E. branch of 
the Bighorn. 

BIG LICK, v. Botetourt co. Va. 266 m. 
from W. 

BIG MUDDY CREEK, v. Randolph co. 
Illinois, 853 m. from W. 

BIG PRAIRIE, t. near Wooster, Wayne co* 
Ohio, 90 m. NE. from Columbus. 

BIGPRAIRIE, t. New Madrid co. Miso. 

BIGRIVER, t. St. Genevieve co. Miso. 

BIGRIVER, t. Jefferson co. Miso. 

BIGRIVER MILLS, t. St. Francis co. Miso, 
90 m. from St. Charles. 

BIGROCK, t. Delaware co. Ohio. 

BIGROCK, t. Pulaski co. Arkansas, extends 
80 m. along Arkansas r. 

BIG-SANDY, creek, Geo. runs into the Oc- 
onee, about 20 m. above Dublin. 

BIG SANDY, r. rises in the Alleghany 
mountains, near the heads of the Tennessee 
and Cumberland rivers, and falls into the Ohio 
r. between Virginia and Kentucky. It is the 
boundary between these states for nearly 200 
m. It is navigable to the Wascioto mountains. 
The east branch joins the south or main 
stream 40 m. above its entrance into the Ohio. 
The mouth of Little Sandy river is 20 m. be- 
low that of Big Sandy. 

BIG SCIOUX, r. falls into the Missouri 
from the N. 882 m. above its mouth. 

BIG-SPRINGS, v. Washington co. Md. 86 
m. from W. 

BIG-SUGAR CREEK, v. Crawford co. Pa. 
328 m. from W. 

BIG-SWAMP, t. Montgomery co. Alab. 50 
m. E. from Cahawba. 

BIG WALNUT CREEK, large easterly 
branch of Scioto river, rises in the NE. 
angle of Delaware co. Ohio. Its course is 
nearly S. 50 m. through Delaware, across 
Franklin, into the N. border of Pickaway co. 
where it joins the Scioto. 

BILL-BIRD'S-KEY, i. in the Spanish 
Main, on the Musquito Shore. Lon. 82° 54' 
W. lat. 12° 16' N. 

BILLERICA, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 19 m. 
NNW. from Boston, 456 from W. Pop. 1,374. 
It is watered by the Concord and Shawsheen 
rivers, and is a pleasant and considerable town. 

BILLIMEAD, t. Caledonia co. Vt. on the 
sources of Passamsick river. 

BILLINGSPORT, v. N. J. on the r. Dela- 
ware, about 12 m. below Philadelphia. Here 
was a fortification during the war of Indepen- 
dence, which defended the channel of the river, 
until captured after an obstinate defence. 

BILLUPS, v. Dinwiddie co. Va.; 156 m. 
from W. 

BIMINI, one of the Bahama islands, near 
the channel of Bahama, 8 m. in length, and as 
much in breadth. It is very woody, and diffi- 
cult of access on account of the shoals, but it 



BIN— BLA 



195 



is a very pleasant place, and inhabited by the 
native Americans. Lat. 25° 0' N. 

BINBROOK, t. in Lincoln co. U. C be- 
tween Saltfleet, Glandford and Caistor. 

BINGHAM, t. Somerset co. Me. ; 26 m. N. 
Norridgewock. Pop. 538. 

BINGHAMPTON, v. and cap. Broome co. 
in the township of Chenango, N. Y. at the 
junction of the Chenango and S usque. 40 
m. SW. Norwich, 148 SW. Albany, 295 from 
W. A weekly newspaper is published here. 
It is a flourishing village, and contains a court- 
house and jail, and has considerable trade. 
Pop. 1,203. 

BINSBY MOUNTAINS, range of moun- 
tains in N. C. 

BIRCH BAY, on the NW. coast of Ameri- 
ca, in the Gulf of Georgia. Lon. 237° 33' E. 
lat. 48° 53' N. 

BIRCH STREAM, t. Penobscot co. Me. 
150 NE. from Portland. 

BIRD, small island, or rather rock in the 
head of Niagara river, between the harbor of 
Buffalo and Fort Erie. 

BIRD, t. Brown co. Ohio. 

BIRDSBOROUGH, t. Berks co. Pa. ; on 
SW. side of.the Schuylkill ; 8 m. SE. Reading. 

BlRDSTOWN,v. Cape Girardeau co. Miso.; 
939 m. from W. 

BIRDSVILLE, v. Burke co. Geo. 

BIRMINGHAM, t. Delaware co. Pa., on E. 
side Brandywine creek, and bordering on Del- 
aware. Pop. 686. 

BIRMINGHAM, t Centre co. Pa.; 213 
m. from W. 

BIRMINGHAM,! Chester co. Pa. Pop. 290. 

BIRMINGHAM, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. on 
the Little Juniatta; 18 m. NW. Huntingdon. 

BISCAY, New, a name given by the Span- 
iards to a part of the W. coast of Mexico ; 
now incorporated with the intendeney of So- 
nora, Durango, and Guadalaxara. 

BISCAY, Bay of, on the S. coast of New- 
foundland, between Cape Race and Cape Pine. 
Lon. 53° 6' W. lat. 46° 50' N. 

BISCAYNO, isl. in the Gulf of Florida. 
Lon. 80° 23' W. lat. 25° 55' N. 

BISHOPSVILLE,v.Sumpter district, S.C.; 
60 m. SE. of Columbia. 

BISTINEAU, lake, in W. part of the state 
of Louisiana, 30 or 40 m. in length. It com- 
municates with Red river on the S. and the 
Dacheet flows into its N. end. 

BLACK BAY, in the Chesapeake, on the 
coast of Virginia. 

BLACK BAY, on the N. shore of Lake 
Superior, lies a little E. of Isle de Minatte, 
and W. of Shanguenac, U. C. 

BLACK CREEK, Lincoln co. U. C. dis- 
charges itself into the river Niagara, in th$». t. 
of Willoughby, some m. above Chippewa. 

BLACK CREEK, r. N. J. which runs into 
the Delaware. 

BLACK CREEK, r. Geo. which runs into 
the Savannah. 

BLACK CREEK, r. S. C. which runs into 

BLACK CREEK, r. Va. which runs into 
York river. 



BLACK'S EDDY, t. Bucks co. Pa. 

BLACK FOOT INDIANS, on Maria's 
river, N. America. 

BLACK HEATH, r. Monroe co, 111. 110 
m. SW. from Vandalia. 

BLACK HEATH, t. Randolph co. Illinois. 

BLACK HORSE, v. Burlington co. N. J. 

BLACK HORSE TAVERN, v. Chester 
co. Pa. 

BLACK ISLAND, t. Hannah co. Me. 

BLACK LAKE RIVER, r. Louisiana, 
which rises in highlands in NW. part of the 
state, pursues a S. course, passes through Black 
Lake, which is 15 or 20 m. in length, and 
joins the Saline 8 NE. Natchitoches, to form 
the Rigolet de Bon Dieu. 

BLACK LAKE, or Osicegatchie Lake, lake, 
in St. Lawrence co. N. Y. ; 20 m. long, and 2 
broad ; S. of Ogdensburg. It is nearly parallel 
to the St. Lawrence, about 4 m. distant. It 
communicates with the Oswegatchie by an 
outlet 3 or 4 m. long. 

BLACK LICK, t. Indiana co. Pa. 

BLACK LICK, r. Ohio which joins Big 
Walnut river, 10 m. SE. Columbus. 

BLACKMAN'S STORE, t. Sampson co. 
N. C. ; 85 m. SSE. from Raleigh. 

BLACK MOUNTAIN, mt. N. H. in Peel, 
ing and Lincoln ; NE. of Moosehillock. 

BLACK RIVER, r. Vt. which rises in 
Greensborough, and runs into Lake Mem- 
phremagog. 

BLACK RIVER, r. S. C. rises in Kenshaw, 
and flowing SE. crosses Williamsburg, into 
Georgetown district, and falls into Winyaw 
Bay at Georgetown. 

BLACK RIVER, r. Vt. which rises in Ply- 
mouth, and runs into the Connecticut opposite 
Charlestown. 

BLACK RIVER, r. N. Y. which, after a 
NW. course of 120 m. flows into Hungary 
Bay, in Lake Ontario, N. of Sacket's Harbor. 
It has a passage under ground nearly a mile, 
at a distance of a few miles from its mouth. 

BLACK RIVER, r. N. C. which runs SSE. 
into Cape Fear river, 23 m. above Wilmington. 

BLACK RIVER, a name given to the Ou- 
achitta, after the junction of the Tensaw and 
Ocatahoola. Its course from the junction to 
its union with Red river, is very winding, and 
is 30 m. in length. 

BLACK RIVER, Big, r. Mis. which rises 
between the head waters of the Yazoo and 
Pearl river, and pursuing a SW. course of 
about 170 m. flows into the Mississippi above 
the Grand Gulf. Lat. 32° 2' N. 

BLACK RIVER, r. Ohio, which runs into 
Lake Erie, 27 m. W. of the Cuyahoga. 

BLACK RIVER, r. S. C. which runs into 
the Pedee, lon. 99° 5' W. lat. 33° 29' N. 

BLACK RIVER, r. America, which runs 
into Lake Michigan. 

BLACK RIVER, t. Huron co. Ohio. 

BLACK RIVER, Michigan Territory, runs 
W. into Lake Michigan, N. of the river St. 
Joseph's. 

. BLACK RIVER, Lou. formed by the junc- 
tion of the Ocatahoola, Washitau, and Ten- 
saw, flows S. by a very circuitous channel of 



196 



BLA— BLA 



40 m. and falls into Red river 30 m. above 
its mouth. 

BL ACKRIVER, Miso. rises near the sources 
of the Merrimack and the Gasconade, and 
running in a southerly direction is joined by 
C urrent, Thomas, Spring - , and Strawberry, 
large rivers from the west, after which it 
flows into the Arkansas Territory and unites 
with the White river 50 m. below the town of 
Lawrence. It is navigable more than 100 m. 
<br large boats. It flows through a very fer- 
tile country. 

BLACK RIVER, t. Wayne co. Miso. 

BLACK ROCK, v. Niagara co. N. Y. on the 
Niagara, 2 m. below Buffalo. It is the station 
for the steam-boats and other vessels employed 
in the navigation of Lake Erie, and the lakes 
above. A mole is now constructed for the 
purpose of forming a harbor in the river oppo- 
site to this village. It extends from Bird Isl- 
and in Lake Erie to Squaw Island below the 
Rapids in Niagara river, and thence to the U. 
States shore, thus forming a harbor of 2 m. in 
length and of the capacity of 200 acres, open- 
ing at one end into the lake by a mouth 20 
rods wide, and at the other connected with the 
Erie canal which is supplied from it with 
water. The first pier, which was sunk on 7th 
Sept. 1822, is 50 feet long, 18 wide, and 14 
high, composed of a strong frame of white-oak 
timber, filled with 600 or 700 tons of stone. 

BLACK ROCK, v. Erie co. N. Y. on lake 
Erie, 4 m. N. Buffalo. It is a small village 
with a harbor artificially improved by a pier. 
The seams and patches of dark-colored chert 
m the lime-stone here, have given its name to 
this place. 

BLACK ROCK, small harbor, Fairfield co. 
Ct. W. of Bridgeport. 

. BLACKSTONE, a river rising near Wor- 
cester, Mass. and flowing into Naraganset 
Bay near Providence. Along the valley of 
this river is the Blackstone canal extending 
from Worcester to Providence, 45 m. It con- 
tains 48 locks built of hammered stone, and is 

34 feet wide at the surface, and 4 feet deep. It 
was built at a cost of $600,000, and finished in 
1828. The navigation upon it is flourishing : 
the produce of the interior of Massachusetts 
finds by its means a ready market in the com- 
mercial city of Providence. 

BLACK STOCKS, v. Chester district, S. 
C. ; 470 m. from W. 

BLACK SWAMP, v. in St. Peter's Parish, 
S. C. ; 644 m. from W. 

BLACK WALNUT, v. Halifax co. Va. 100 
m. SW. Richmond ; 256 m. from W. 

BLACK WARRIOR, r. Ala. It is the 
principal eastern branch of the Tombigbee, 
and joins the main river 80 m. above St. Ste- 
phen's, and is navigable 60 or 70 m. It rises 
not far south of the river Tennessee. 

BLACKBURN SPRINGS, v. Johnson co. 
Tenn. 

BLACKFORD, t. Posey co. Indiana, about 

35 m. S. by W. from Princeton. 
BLACKSBURG, v. Montgomery co. Va. 

217 m. SW. Richmond. 

BLACKSBURG and BLACKSVILLE, 2 



towns on the river Alabama, in Monroe co. 
Alab. 

BLACKSTOCK'S HILL, eminence in S. 
C. near the river Tyger. In 1780, an action 
was fought here between the British under 
General Tarleton, and the Americans under 
General Sumpter, in which the former were 
defeated. 

BLACKSTONE'S ISLAND, smaU island, 
Va. in the Potomac. 

BLACKWATER, r. N. H which flows into 
the Contoocook, in NE. part of Hopkinton. 

BLACKWATER, r. Va. which joins the 
Nottoway, to form the Chowan. 

BLACKWATER, r. Va. which runs into 
the sea, at Black Bay, Ion. 76° 10' W. lat. 
36° 30' N. 

BLACKWATER, r. Md. which runs into 

the Chesapeake. 

BLADEN, a county in the S. part of North 
Carolina, bordering on the maritime county 
of Brunswick. It is intersected by Cape Fear 
river. Pop. 7,801. Elizabethtown, 98 m. S. 
of Raleigh, is the chief town. 

BLADENSBURG, a town of Maryland, in 
George county, on the E. side of the Potomac, 
9 m. from its mouth, at Washington, and 38 
SW. of Baltimore. The American army sus- 
tained a defeat by the British at this place, on 
the 24th of August, 1814, in attempting to ar- 
rest the progress of the British towards Wash- 
ington. 

BLACKS AND WHITES, t. Nottaway co. 
Va. 60 m. SW. from Richmond. 

BLACKSBURG, or Blacksblvff, v. on the 
left bank of Alabama r. 60 m. NE. from St. 
Stephens, and 55 SW. from Cahaba. 

BLACKWATER, creek, Pickaway co. 
Ohio. 

BLACKWATER, r. Michigan, which runs 
into lake Michigan, 20 m. N. of the St. 
Josephs. It is 60 m. in length, and navigable 
in canoes nearly to its source. 

BLAIR'S FERRY, t. Roane co. Ten. near 
Kingston, and 160 m. E. from Murfreesbo- 
rough. 

BLAIR'S GAP, t. in the western part of 
Huntingdon co. Pa. 120 m. W. from Harris- 
burg. 

BLAIRSVILLE, v. Indiana co. Pa. 184 m. 

W. of Harrisburg. 

BLAIRSVILLE, v. York district, S. C. 450 
m. from W. 

BLAIZE, Cape, W. Florida, between the 
bays of Apalache and St. Joseph. 

BLAKELY, t. Luzerne co. Pa. 

BLAKELY, t. Mobile co. Ala. on the Ten- 
saw or eastern outlet of Mobile r. 10 m. from 
Mobile bay, and 15 ENE. from the town of 
Mobile. Lat. 30° 43' N. Its site is an elegant 
and pleasant spot, well supplied with good 
water. It is also well situated for commerce ; 
vessels drawing 11 feet of water can enter the 
port at full tide, and the same wind that 
enables a vessel to enter Mobile bay will carjy 
her to the wharves of Blakely. It is also con- 
nected by a good road with the rapidly im- 
proving country on the Alabama. The settle- 
ments commenced in 1817- 



BLA— BLO 



197 



BLAKESBURG, t. Penobscot co. Me. 20 
m. N. from Bangor. Pop. 403. 

BLANCO, cape of N. America, on the coast 
of the Pacific ocean. Lat. 43° 23' N. ; Ion. 
47° W. from W. 

BLANDFORD, t. Oxford co. U. C. on the 
Thames. 

BLANDFORD, t. Prince George co. Va. 
on S. side of the Appomatox, bordering on Pe- 
tersburg, and included within the borough of 
Petersburg. 

BLANDFORD, t. Hampden co. Mass. 16 
m.W. from Springfield, 116 WSW. from Bos- 
ton, and 381 from W. Pop. 1,594. 

BLANNERHASSET'S ISLAND, isl. in 
the Ohio, opposite Bclpre ; 13 m. below Ma- 
rietta. It is a beautiful and fertile island, 
containing about 300 acres. It is so named 
from a Mr. Blannerhasset, an Irish gentleman 
of large fortune, who having, with his family, 
left Ireland in 1801, purchased and removed 
to this island, where he reared a costly and 
splendid edifice for his dwelling-house. A con- 
siderable part of the island was laid out in 
gardens after the most approved models of 
European taste, and the whole scenery com- 
bined, seemed like the fabled fields of Elysium. 
But the house was most unfortunately burnt 
down in Dec. 1810, and shortly afterwards, 
the garden was totally destroyed, and few or 
no vestiges now remain of its transient splen- 
dor and magnificence. 

BLAS, SAN, a seaport town of Mexico, on 
an island at the mouth of the Rio Grande, or 
Santiago r. which falls into the Pacific ocean 
in lat. 21° 30' N. and 104° 46' W. Ion. 

BLEDSOE, co. in W. part of Ten. Chief 
town, Pikeville. Pop. 6,448. 

BLENHEIM, t. Schoharie, co. N. Y. 47 m. 
SW. from Albany. Pop. 2,280. 

BLENHEIM, t. in the W. Riding of the 
co. of York, lies to the northward of Dundas- 
street, opposite Benford, U. C. 

BLENHEIM, t. Oxford co. U. C. 

BLEURIE, Seigniory, Bedford co. L. C. on 
the r. Sorel, 25 m. SE. from Montreal. 

BLIGH'S ISLAND, off the NW. coast of 
America, in Prince William's sound. Lon. 
213° 43' E. ; lat. 60° 52' N. 

BLOCK ISLAND, off the coast of Rhode 
Island, 24 m. SSW. from Newport, 21 E. by 
N. from Montauk point on Long Island. It 
constitutes the town of New Shoreham, in 
Newport co. It is about 7 m. long and 4 
broad. Pop. 955. Lon. 71° 30' W. ; lat. 41' 8' N. 

BLOCKLEY, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. on W. 
side of the Schuylkill ; 3 m. W. from Phila- 
delphia. 

BLOODY-BROOK, v. Franklin co. Mass. 
100 m. NW. by W. from Boston. 

BLOODY-RUN, t. Bedford co. Pa. 

BLOOM, t. Columbia co. Pa. 

BLOOM, t. Scioto co. 16 m. E. of Ports- 
mouth, Ohio. 

BLOOM, t. Morgan co. Ohio. 

BLOOM, t. Northumberland co. Pa. 

BLOOM, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. 

BLOOMFIELD, t Somerset co. Maine, on 



W. side of the Kennebeck, opposite Canaan , 
5 m. E. from Norridgewock. It is a consider- 
able town, and contains an academy. 

BLOOMFIELD, t. Ontario co. N. Y. It is 
a large and excellent agricultural town, di- 
vided into E. and W. Bloomfield ; E. Bloom- 
field is 6 m. W. from Canandaigua, and 373 
from W, W. Bloomfield, or Bloomville, is 12 
m. W. from Canandaigua. 

BLOOMFIELD, t. Essex co. N. J. 5 m. 
NW. from Newark. It is a pleasant village, 
and contains an academy. In its neighbor- 
hood are quarries of freestone. 

BLOOMFIELD, v. Loudon co. Va. 

BLOOMFIELD, v. Nelson co. Ken. 

BLOOMFIELD, t. Jackson co. Ohio. 

BLOOMFIELD, t. Trumbull co. Ohio; 346 
m. from W. 

BLOOMFIELD, t. Pickaway co. Ohio ; 8 
m. N. from Circleville, and 17 S. from Co- 
lumbus. 

BLOOMFIELD, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 
114. 

BLOOMFIELD, v. Jefferson co. Ohio, 14 
m. W. from Steubenville. 

BLOOMFIELD, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. in 

1820, 468. 

BLOOMFIELD, v. Oakland co. Mich. 18 
m. from Detroit. 

BLOOMINGBURG, v. Fayette co. Ohio, 
35 m. SE. from Columbus. 

BLOOMINGBURG, v. Sullivan co. N. Y 
100 m. from Albany. 

BLOOMINGBURG, v. in Mamakating, N. 
York. 

BLOOMINGDALE, v. on the Hudson, 7 
m. above N. York. 

BLOOMING GROVE, v. Richland co. 
Ohio. 

BLOOMING GROVE, t Richland co. 
Ohio. Pop. in 1820, 168. 

BLOOMING GROVE, t. Orange co. N. Y. 
12 m. W. from West-Point, and 258 from W. 
Pop. 2,099. 

BLOOMINGSBURG, v. Fayette co. Ohio, 
40 m. SW. from Columbus. 

BLOOMINGTON, v. cap. Monroe co. In- 
diana, 70 m. NE. from Vincennes. 

BLOOMSBURG, v. Halifax co. Va. 

BLOOMSBURG, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. 
near the entrance of the Musconecunk into 
the Delaware. 

BLOOMSBURG, v. Columbia co. Pa. on 
Fishing creek, and on the road from Danville 
to Nescopeck. 

BLOOMSBURG, v Northumberland co. Pa. 

BLOOM INGVILLE, v. Huron co. Ohio. 

BLOOMSVILLE, v. Ontario co. N. Y. 13 
m. from Canandaigua. 

BLOOMVILLE, v. Del. co. N. Y. by the 
post-road 117 m. SW. from Albany. See 
Bloomsville, Del. co. N. Y. 

BLOUNT, co. East Ten. Chief town, Ma- 
ryville. Pop. 11,027. 

BLOUNT, co. of Ala. Pop. 4,233. Blounts- 
ville is the capital. 

BLOUNTSVILLE, v. Jones co. Geo. 

BLOUNTSVILEE, t. and cap. Sullivan co, 



193 



BLU — BOG 



Ten. 130 m. ENE. from Knoxville, and 428 
from W. 

BLUE ANCHOR, v. Gloucester co. N. J. 
165 m. from W. 

BLUE EARTH RIVER, r. La. which runs 
into the Kansas. 

BLUE FIELD, r. N. America, which sepa- 
rates Honduras from Nicaragua, and is dis- 
charged into Bluefield's bay. Lon. 4° 30' W. ; 
lat. 12° N. 

BLUEFIELD'S BAY, on the SW. coast of 
Jamaica. Lon. 78° W. ; lat. 18° 10' N. 

BLUEHILL, t. Hancock co. Me. Pop. 
1,499. It stands upon a bay 12 m. NE. from 
Castine. 

BLUE HILLS, ridge of mountains in 
Nottingham, Barrington, and Rochester, N. H. 

BLUEHILL BAY, off the coast of Maine, 
on W. side of Mount Desert island ; 12 m. E. 
from Penobscot bay. 

BLUE LICKS, several salt springs on 
Licking r. Ken. 

BLUE LICK, (Upper,) v. Fleming co. Ken. 
522 m. from W. 

BLUE LICK, (Lower,) see EUisville. 

BLUE MOUNTAIN, mt. Peeling, N. H. 
E. of Moosehillock. 

BLUE MOUNTAINS, several mountains 
so called in different parts of the world ; viz. 
1st, intersecting the island of Jamaica from 
east to west. North Peak is 8,180 feet above 
the level of the sea; 2d, the most easterly 
ridge of the Apalachians, in the state of Penn- 
sylvania, extending in a seuth-west direction, 
from the Delaware to the south of the Susque- 
hannah r. altitude, 3,000 to 4,000 feet ; 3d, a 
more southern branch of the same ridge, ex- 
tending in the same direction from the north 
of the Potomac r. through the state of Va. 
into North Carolina. Otter Peak is 3,103 feet 
high, and is the highest point in all Virginia. 
The passage of the Potomac r. through this 
ridge is peculiarly grand. 

BLUE RIDGE, or South Mountains, range 
of mountains, beginning in North Carolina, 
and crossing the state of Virginia, from north 
to south, about 200 m. from the sea. 

BLUE RIVER, one of the head branches 
of Red r. La. 

BLUE RIVER, (Big,) r. Indiana, which 
flows into the Ohio, 2 m. W. from Leven- 
worthville. 

BLUE RIVER, (Little) r. Indiana, which 
flows into the Ohio, 10 or 12 miles below Big 
Blue river. 

BLUE ROCK, r. Muskingum co. Ohio, on 
Muskingum r. 8 m. below Zanesville. 

BLUE STONE, r. Giles co. Va. which runs 
into the Great Kenhawa. 

BLUE SULPHUR SPRINGS, t. Monroe 
co. Va. These mineral waters are situated 
near the Kenhawa r. 40 m. SW. from Lewis- 
burg, and 237 W. from Richmond. 

BLUE WATER, t. Lauderdale co. Ala. 260 
m. NW. from Cahaba. 

BLUE WATER, r. southern branch of the 
Miso. which it joins 9 m. below the mouth of 
the Kansas. 



BLUFF POINT, cape on the coast pf N 
Carolina, 

BLUFF SPRINGS, v. Jefferson co. Miss. 

BLUFTON, v. Ray co. Missouri, on the 
left bank of the Missouri r. 280 m. above St. 
Louis. 

BLUFTON, t. Howard co. Miso. 

BOALSBURG, v. Centre co. Pa. 115 m. 
NW. from Harrisburg. 

BOARDMAN, t. Trumbull co. Ohio ; 10 m. 
SE. from Warren. 

BOAT RUN, v. Clermont co. Ohio, near a 
rivulet of the same name. 

BO AT- YARD, v. Sullivan co. Ten. upon 
the Natouga r. 16 m. below Blountsville. 

BOCA ESCONDIDA, bay, in the bay of 
Campeachy, on the coast of Yucatan. Lat. 
18° 50' N. 

BOCALIEU, isl. near the E. coast of New- 
foundland. Lon. 52° 26' W.; lat. 46° 15' N. 

BODEAU, a considerable lake in NW. part 
of La. Red r. flows through it. A river of 
the same name runs into the N. end of the 
lake. 

BODEGA, Port, on the NW. coast of Amer- 
ica. Lat. 38° 28' N. The Russians have had 
a settlement at this place since 1817. 

BODET, river au, U. C. in the t. of Lan- 
caster, falls into lake St. Francis, E. of Point 
au Bodet. 

BODKIN'S POINT, cape, on the coast of 
Maryland, in Chesapeake bay. 

BODW ELL'S FALLS, on the Merrimack, 
between Andover and Methuen. 

BOEUF, Le, lake in Erie co. Pa. discharges 
its waters into French creek, branch of Ohio. 
The portage from Le Boeuf to Presque Isle, 
on lake Erie, is about 14 m. 

BOEUF, r. of Arkansas, and Louisiana. It 
rises in the former, interlocking its sources 
with those of the Mason and Barthelemy, 
flows S. enters La. and turns to SW. by S. 
Continuing that course upwards of 100 m. be- 
tween Washitau and Mason, joins the former 
opposite the W. end of the Sicily island, at N. 
lat. 31° 47'. 

BOEUF, r. which rises in the Miso. terri- 
tory, enters La. and joins the Ouachitta, 14 
m. above the Tensaw. Its general course is 
S. and it is about 240 m. long without regard 
to its windings. It is navigable for some dis- 
tance. 

BOEUF, t. Franklin co. Miso. 

BOEUF, Bayou, or creek of La. rises in 
the pine forests, between Opelousas and the 
rapids of Red river, flowing first NE. turns 
gradually to SE. enters on the low lands S. of 
Red river, and after continuing to flow by 
comparative courses 60 m. unites with the 
Crocodile to form the Courtableau river. 

BOGGS, t. Centre co. Pa. 

BOGUE, small isl. in the Atlantic, near 
the coast of N. Carolina. 

BOGUE CHITTO, t. Lawrence co. Miss. 

BOGUE CHITO, r. Miss, which runs SSE. 
80 m. and joins Pearl river 20- m. above the 
Rigolets. • 

BOGUE INLET, narrow channel between 



BOH— BOR 



199 



Bogue and another island leading to White 
Oak river. 

BOHE, r. Md. runs into the Chesapeake. 

BOHEMIA, r. Md. runs into Elk r. 11 m. 
below Elkton. 

BOIS BLANC, isl. at the lower end of Gros 
Isle in the mouth of Detroit r. belonging to 
Canada. The eastern channel, between it and 
the Canada shore, is about one fourth of a 
mile wide, and is deep enough for the largest 
vessel; the western is much wider, but is 
shallow, and full of small islands. 

BOIS BLANC, isl. in lake Huron, between 
the island of Michilimackinac and the penin- 
sula of Michigan, about 10 miles long and 3 
broad. 

BOIS BLANC, lake, N. America, between 
lake Superior and the lake of the Woods. 

BOIS BRULE, v. Perry co. Miso. 

BOIS BRULE, Burnt Wood, r. NW. Ter- 
ritory, which runs into the bottom of lake Su- 
perior. It is navigable 80 m. whence there is 
a short portage to the St. Croix, a navigable 
water of the Mississippi. 

BOLD FOUNTAIN, v. Charlotte co. Va. 

BOLINGBROKE, v. Talbot co. Md. at the 
confluence of Bolingbroke creek with the Chop- 
tank, 5 m. E. from Oxford. 

BOLINGBROOKE, r. Talbot co. Md. runs 
into the Choptank. 

BOLTON, t. Chittenden co. Vt. 18 m. NW. 
from Montpelier, 507 from W. Pop. 452. 

BOLTON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m. NE. 
from Worcester, 33 W. from Boston, 449 from 
W. Pop. 1,258. 

BOLTON, t. Tolland co. Ct. 15 m. E. from 
Hartford. Pop. 744. 

BOLTON, t. Warren co. N. Y. on W. side 
of Lake George, 14 m. NNE. from Caldwell, 
518 from W. Pop. 1466. 

BOLTON, t. Richelieu co. L. C. on lake 
Memphremagog, SE. from Montreal. Pop. 800. 

BOMBAY HOOK, isl. in Delaware bay, on 
the coast of Delaware, at the mouth of Duck 
creek, 11 m. S. from Reedy Island. 

BOMBAZINE, lake, Vt. chiefly in Castle- 
ton, 7 m. long. 

BONAVENTURE ISLAND, L. C. at the 
N. entrance into Chaleur bay. 

BONAVISTA, a cape on the E. side of the 
island of Newfoundland. Lon. 52° 32' W. : 
lat. 48° 15' N. 

BOND, r. N. A. runs into the bay of Cam- 
peachy. 

BOND, co. Illinois. Chief town, Perrysville 
Pop. 3,124. 

BONHAMPTON, v. Middlesex co. N. J. 6 
m. NE. from New Brunswick. 

BONHOMME, t. St. Louis co. Miso. 

BONNE CHEW, r. U. C. flowing into the 
Ottawa. 

BONNEFEMME, t. Howard co. Miso. 

BONNET QUATRE. See Parish of St 
Charles, La. situated along both banks of the 
Mississippi coast, bounded E. and SE. by the 
parish of St. Bernard, NE. by lake Ponchar- 
train, and pass of Manchac, N. by lake Mau- 
repas, and W. by the parish of St. John Bap- 
tiste. The only arable land in this parish is 



on the Mississippi ; it produces sugar, cotton, 
indigo, rice, tobacco, sweet potatoes, maize, or- 
anges, peaches, and figs. 

BONO, t. Lawrence co. Ind. 100 m. SSW 
from Indianapolis. 

BONO, t. Orange co. Ind. 15 m. N. from 
Paoli. 

BON PAS, t. White co. II. 70 m. SE. from 

Vandalia. 

BONSECOURS, seigniory, Richelieu co. 
L. C. 37 m. NE. from Montreal. 

BONSECOURS, seigniory, Buckingham co. 
L. C. on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 22 
m. SW. from Quebec. 

BONSECOURS, seigniory, Devon co. L. C. 
on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 41 m. NE. 
from Quebec. 

BONSECOURS, bay, Ala. which sets up 
from Mobile bay northerly about 14 m. and re- 
ceives at its head a small r. of the same name. 
The r. has 7 feet water at its entrance, and is 
navigable 5 or 6 m. From the head of navi- 
gation on this r. to a bay which sets up from 
the Perdido, is 4J m. 

BONUM, settlement, Miso. 10 m. S. from St. 
Charles, 20 W. from St. Louis. It extends 
not less than 15 m. E. and W. and from 6 to 
10 N. and S. The land is fertile and well 
watered. 

BOOBY ISLAND, West Indies, near St. 
Christophers. 

BOON, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the 
coast of Maine, 8 m. E. from York. Here is 
a light-house. 

BOONE, co. N. part of Ken. on the Ohio r. 
Pop. 9,012. Burlington is the chief town. 

BOONESBURG, v. Washington co. Md. 60 
m. from W. 

BOONE'S LICK, t. Howard co. Miso. 
BOONE'S MILLS, v. White co, II. 804 m. 
from W. 

BOONE'S SETTLEMENT. See How- 
ard co. 

BOONETON, v. Morris co. N. J. 244 m. 
from W. 

BOONSBOROUGH, t. Madison co. Ken. on 
Kentucky r. 20 m. SSE. from Lexington. 

BOON'S STATION, v. Fayette co. Ken. 
580 m. from W. 

BOONSVILLE, or Boonborough, v. War- 
wick co. Indiana. 

BOONSVILLE, v. Cooper co. Miso. on the 
right bank of Missouri r. directly opposite 
Franklin, and by land, 170 m. above St. Louis. 
Lat. 39° 53' N. ; lon. 15 3 20' W. 

BOONVILLE, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 27 m. N. 
from Utica, 421 from W. Pop. 2,746. 

BOOTHBAY, t. Lincoln co. Me. 8 m. SE. 
from Wiscasset, 180 NE. from Boston, 613 
from W. Pop. 2,290. It is situated between 
Sheepscot, or Booth Bay, and Damariscotta r. 

BOOTH'S STORE, t. Franklin co. Va, 180 
m. SW. from Richmond. 

BOQUES CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into 
the Scioto, 5 m. W. from Delaware. 

BORDENTOWN, t. Burlington co. N. J. on 
E. side of the Delaware, 4 m. SSE. from Tren- 
ton, 26 NE. from Philadelphia. It is a pleas 
ant town, principally built on one street. 



200 



BOR — BOS 



BORGNE, lake, or gulf, La. E. of lake Pon- 
chartrain. It communicates with the Gulf of 
Mexico, and lake Ponchartrain, and is 40 m. 
long-, and about 15 broad. 

BORIQUEN, island of the West Indies, near 
Porto Rico. It is uninhabited, though fertile, 
and the water good. Here is a great number 
of land crabs, whence some call it Crab Island. 
Lon. 66° W. , lat. 18° N. 

BORODINO, t. Onondago co. N. Y. 180 m. 
W. from Albany. 



BOROUGH, t. Beaver co. Pa. 

BOSCAWEN, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on 
W. side of the Merrimack, opposite Canter- 
bury, with which it is connected by a bridge ; 
9 m. N. from Concord, 56 NW. from Ports- 
mouth, 514 from W. Pop. 2,093. It contains 
2 parishes, in each of which there is a Con- 
gregational meeting-house. 

BOSTON, New, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 
8 m. NNW. from Amherst, 492 from W. 
Pop. 1,680. 




BOSTON AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



BOSTON, s-p and cap. Mass. in Suffolk co. 
14 m. SSW. from Salem, 40 NNE. from Prov- 
idence, 56 S. by W. from Portsmouth, 63 SSE. 
from Concord, N. H. 100 ENE. from Hartford, 
115 SSW. from Portland, 210 NE. from New 
York, 300 SSE. from Montreal, 300 NE. from 
Philadelphia, 436 from W. Lat. 42° 22' N. 
from London ; lon. 5° 58' E. from W. 

Boston was founded in the year 1630. In 
the Indian language its name was Shaumut, 
and it was called by the early settlers Tremont, 
or Trimontain, from the circumstance of its 
being built upon three hills. 

It is situated at the head of Massachusetts 
bay, on a peninsula about 4 miles in circum- 
ference, and is about 3 m. in length, and 1 m. 
and 25 rods, where widest, in breadth, and is 
connected with the main land at S. end by a 
narrow isthmus, called the Neck, leading to 
Roxbury. The town is built in an irregular 
circular form round the harbor, which is stud- 
ded with about 40 small islands, many of which 
afford excellent pasture ; and are frequented in 
summer by numerous parties of pleasure. The 
harbor is formed by Nahant Point on the N. 
and Point Alderton on the S. and is so capa- 
cious as to allow 500 vessels to ride at anchor 
in a good depth of water, while the entrance is 
so narrow as scarcely to admit 2 ships abreast. 
The entrance is defended by Fort Independ- 
ence belonging to the U. S. on Castle Island, 



and by Fort Warren on Governor's Island. 
There is another fort, called Fort Strong, on 
Noddle's Island. 

Boston is admirably well situated for com- 
merce, and is a place of great trade and opu- 
lence. It is the fourth city in the Union in 
population and second in commerce. Its trade 
is carried on with every quarter of the world. 
Its wealth is computed at 92,000,000 dollars. 

The shipping of the port amounted in 1828 
to 161,583 tons. The wharves here are said 
to be the finest in the U. S. some of which are 
nearly a quarter of a mile in length and cov- 
ered with stores. The yearly imports are 
13,000,000 dollars and the exports 9,000,000. 

Alterations and additions have of late years 
greatly improved the appearance of Boston. 
The streets, which were formerly almost with- 
out an exception narrow and crooked, have 
been in a great degree rendered wide and com- 
modious ; the old wooden structures have in 
the greater part of the city been replaced by 
handsome buildings of stone or brick. In the 
western part, particularly, there is much neat- 
ness and elegance. The splendor of the pri- 
vate buildings here, is not equalled in any 
other part of the Union. 

The literary institutions of this city are of 
the first order. The public libraries contain 
70,000 volumes. The Boston Athenaeum is the 
finest establishment of its kind in the U. S. 



BOS— EOT 



201 



its library contains above 25,000 volumes, and 
a reading- room, in which the most esteemed 
periodicals, from all parts of the world, may 
be found. If we add to these the library of 
Harvard College, in the neighborhood, of 40,000 
volumes, making the number of books within 
the reach of the citizens 110,000, it must be 
allowed that Boston offers to the scholar a 
more advantageous residence than any other 
spot in the western world. The literary char- 
acter of the citizens corresponds to these ad- 
vantages ; Boston is distinguished for the num- 
ber and talent of its periodical works : the 
North American Review, which is allowed to 
be the most able of all the literary journals of 
our country, and the only one that has gained 
a reputation in Europe, is published here. The 
Christian Examiner, which has now enlarged 
its plan, and assumed more of a purely literary 
character, is ranked among the first publica- 
tions of the day. The periodicals of the city 
are more than 60, including 31 newspapers, 7 
of which are daily. The public schools are 
not equalled in any other city in the world. 
The ambition of the scholars is excited by an- 
nual rewards to the most worthy, in the shape 
of a public dinner at Faneuil Hall in company 
with the mayor and officers of the city ; and 
the distribution of gold and silver medals, the 
product of a fund for this purpose established 
by the great Franklin, who was born in this 
city. In the department of the fine arts, there 
is much taste and liberal patronage displayed 
here. The annual exhibitions of paintings in 
the gallery of the Athenseum is the best in the 
country, and a fund is collecting from its pro- 
ceeds for the encouragement of the arts. 

In 1817, there was erected on botli sides of 
Market street a block of stores, 485 feet in 
length on one side, and 442 on the other, and 
4 stories high ; and on Central wharf, another 
immense pile of buildings was completed the 
same year, 1,240 feet in length, containing 54 
stores 4 stories high, and having a spacious 
hall in the centre, over which is erected an el- 
egant observatory. These buildings, for extent, 
convenience, and elegance, are said not to be 
exceeded in the commercial world. The ex- 
change is a superb structure, 7 stories in height, 
127 feet in length, containing 202 rooms. In 
this building is kept a public reading room, 
similar to the one at Merchants' hall. The 
alms-house is a commodious and elegant build- 
ing, 270 feet long, and 56 broad. The new 
court-house is very elegant, built of Chelms- 
fore granite. The state-house is built on ground 
elevated about 100 feet above the level of the 
harbor, and is a noble edifice. It is 173 feet 
in front, and 61 deep, and its situation and size 
render it a very conspicuous object. The dome 
is 50 feet in diameter, terminated by a circular 
lantern, at an elevation of 100 feet from the 
foundation. The prospect from the top is ex- 
ceedingly magnificent and beautiful ; surpass- 
ing every thing of the kind in this country, 
and will bear a comparison with the castle hill 
of Edinburgh, the famous bay of Naples, or any 
other of the most picturesque scenes in Europe. 
Here may be seen at a view, the town with its J 
2A 



shipping and buildings, the harbor and its 
islands, Charles river, a fine country, orna- 
mented with elegant country-seats, and more 
than 20 flourishing towns. In front of the 
state-house is the common, containing 44 acres, 
smrounded by the mall, an extensive and most 
delightful public walk. 

The facilities for travelling in the neighbor- 
hood of Boston are very great. There are 
more stage-coaches running to and from this 
city than any other in America. Hourly and 
half-hourly stages carry passengers to the 
neighboring towns at a very low rate. The 
number of daily arrivals and departures is 
about 250. In summer there are steam-boats 
running to Hingham, Nahant and the coast of 
Maine. The roads about Boston are excellent, 
and the public houses of the first order. The 
country here is exceedingly varied and pictur- 
esque, adorned with every graceful variety of 
hill and dale, garden and grove, and abound- 
ing in beautiful villages and elegant country- 
seats. The heights of Dorchester, which com- 
mand the city and harbor, and whose batteries 
drove the British from Boston in 1776, are 
now within the Unfits of the city. 

A city government was first adopted in 1821 ; 
the officers are a mayor, 8 aldermen, and a 
common council of 48, all elected by a popu- 
lar vote in December annually. With Chelsea, 
on the opposite side of the harbor, Boston com- 
poses the county of Suffolk, which has 6 sena- 
tors in the state legislature. The city alone 
sends one representative to congress. The 
yearly expenses are about 300,000 dollars, of 
which above 50,000 are appropriated to the 
support of common schools ; 80,000 for im- 
proving the streets, and 30,000 for the poor. 

The census of 1830 gave a return of 61,392 
inhabitants for the 12 wards within the juris- 
diction of the city, but taking in those adjoin- 
ing parts of Charlestown, Cambridge and Box- 
bury, which are, to all practical purposes, so 
many portions of the capital, its whole popu- 
lation will amount to about 80,000. The city 
proper has 40 churches, 19 banks, 2 theatres, 
80 public schools, and 50 bookstores. Boston 
contains 135 streets, 21 lanes, and 80 wharves. 

BOSTON, t. Niagara co. N. Y. 

BOSTON, t. Portage co. Ohio ; 18 m. NNVV. 
Ravenna. 

BOSTON, New, t. Clark co. Ohio; 3 m. 
SW. Springfield. 

BOSTON, South, t. Halifax co. Va. ; on the 
Dan, about 30 m. E. Danville. 

BOSTON, t. Erie co. N. Y. 320 m. W. Al- 
bany. Pop. 1,520. 

BOSWELLSVILLE, v. Louisiana co. Va. ■ 
20 m. NW. Richmond. 

BOTETOURT, co. central part of Va., 
bounded N. by Bath co. NE. by Rockbridge 
co. SE. by Bedford and Franklin cos. SW. by 
Montgomery co. and NW. by Monroe co. 
Pop. 16,354, of whom 4,170 are slaves. Chief 
town, Fincastie. 

BOTTLE HILL, t. Morris co. N. J. ; 2 m. 
NW. Chatham, 15 NW. Ehzabethtown, 228 
from W. It is a pleasant village, and contains 
a Presbyterian church and an academy. 



202 



BOU— BRA 



BOUNDBROOK, t. Somerset co. N. J. on 
the N. bank of the Raritan ; 7 m. NW. New 
Brunswick, 200 from W. 

BOURBON, co. N. part of Kentucky. Pop. 
18,434. Chief town, Paris. 

BOURBON, Neic, v. Missouri, on W. side 
of the Mississippi, 2 m. below St. Genevieve. 

BOURBON RIVER, a branch of the Ma- 
ramek, in St. Louis co. Missouri. 

BOURCHEMIN, Seigniory, Richelieu co. 
Lower Canada, 33 m. E. Montreal. 

BOUCHARA, isl. L. C. in the river St. 
Lawrence, 21 m. NE. Montreal. 

BOUCHERVILLE, Seigniory, Kent co. 
L. C. on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, op- 
posite the island of Montreal, and about 10 m. 
E. of the city. 

BOUDET, r. runs into Lake St. Francis, 
near the boundary between Upper and Lower 
Canada. 

BOUGECHITO, r. rises in Mississippi, and 
running SE. joins Pearl river in Louisiana. 

BOURGLOIS, Seigniory, Hampshire co. L. 
Canada, 25 m. W. of Quebec. 

BOURGMARIE, East, Seigniory, Bucking, 
ham and Richelieu cos. L. Canada, 36 m. S. 
Three Rivers. 

BOURGMARIE, West, Seigniory, Riche- 
lieu co. L. Canada, 35 m. NE. Montreal. 

BOVINA, t. Delaware co. N. York. Pop. 
1,346. 

BOW, t. Merrimack co. N. H. ; on W. side 
the Merrimack ; 5 m. S. Concord. Pop. 1,065. 

BOWBACK, mt. in Stratford, N. H. 

BOWDOIN, t. Lincoln co. Maine ; 20 m. 
WNW. Wiscasset, 148 NE. Boston, 617 from 
W. Pop. 2,095. 

BOWDOINHAM, t. Lincoln co. Maine, on 
the Kennebeck ; 15 m. WNW. Wiscasset, 148 
NE. Boston, 590 from W. Pop. 2,061. 

BOWERBANK, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 40 
m. NW. Bangor. Pop. 49. 

BOWERS, v. Essex co. Va. 

BOWERS, v. Southampton co. Va. 

BOWER'S STORE, t. Ashe co. N. C. 170 
m. NW. from Raleigh. 

BOWERSVILLE, v. Livingston co. N. Y. 
208 m. W. from Albany. 

BOWERSVILLE, v. Southampton co. Va. 

BOWLERS, v. Essex co. Va. ; 129 m. 
from W. 

BOWLING GREEN, Caroline co. Va. ; 
46 m. NE. Richmond, 80 from W. It is the 
seat of justice for the county. 

BOWLING GREEN, t. Warren co. Ken. 
about 30 m. E. Russellville, 702 from W. It 
is the seat of justice for the county, and con- 
tains a bank. 

BOWLING GREEN, t. Licking co. Ohio. 

BOWLING GREEN, t. Oglethorpe co. 
Geo. about 75 m. N. from Milledgeville. 

BOWLING GREEN, Pike co. Miso. 

BOWMAN'S CREEK, t. Montgomery co. 
N. Y. 60 m. NW. from Albany. 

BOWMAN'S MOUNTAIN, called the Bald 
Mountain, near the western limits of Luzerne 
co. is a high, regular, barren range whose 
average height may be 1,000 feet. This ex- 
tends from the E. to the W. branches of the 



Susquehannah river, between which it appears 
to have no other name than those mentioned,, 
except that, in a small territory on the head 
of Fishing creek, the inhabitants call it the 
North Mountain. Westward of the waters of 
the Susquehannah, it forms the main ridge of 
the Alleghany Mountains. It crosses the E„ 
branch of the Susquehannah, at the mouth of 
Tunkhannock and Bowman's creeks, and ex- 
tending N. eastwardly, it is called Tunkhan- 
nock Mountain, and terminates in Susquehan- 
nah co. where it is called the Elk Mountain. 

BOWMAN'S VALLEY, lying on Bourn's 
creek, between Bowman's and Mahoopeny 
Mountains, Luzerne co. Pa. is not very popu- 
lous, and the land generally poor. It is about 
2 m. wide and 15 m. long. The principal popu- 
lation is near the river. 

BOWYER, Fort, situated on Mobile point. 
This was merely a small water battery erected 
to defend the main pass into Mobile Bay, 
Here, on Sept. 15th, 1814, Major W. Law- 
rence, with a garrison of 158 men, repulsed an 
attack made b)' a British squadron, of which 
the Hennes of 28 guns was destroyed. The 
fort was invested by a land and naval force on 
the 8th of Feb. 1815, and surrendered to Gen. 
Lambert, by Maj. Lawrence, on the 10th of 
the same month, and on the ratification of 
peace was restored to the U. S. 

BOWYER'S SULPHUR SPRINGS, v 
Greenbrier co. Va. 

BOWYERSVILLE, v. Southampton Va. 
224 m. from W. 

BOWYER'S BLUFF, the W. point of 
Washington harbor in Green Bay, Lake Michi- 
gan, 85 m. NE. Fort Howard, 99 SW. Macki- 
naw. 

BOXBOROUGH, t. Middlesex co. Mass. ; 
30 m. WNW. Boston. Pop. 474. 

BOXFORD, t. Essex co. Mass. ; 15 m. NW. 
Salem, 24 N. Boston, 467 from W. Pop. 937. 

BOYDSVILLE, t. Davidson co. Tenn. 20 
m. from Nashville. 

BOYD'S CREEK, v. Sevier co. Tenn.; 
581 m. from W. 

BOYD'S CREEK, r. Louisiana, which runs 
into the Mississippi, Ion. 91° 25' W. lat. 31°^ 
50VN. 

BOYD'S LANDING, v. Caldwell co. U. 

BOYDTON, t. Mecklenburg co. Va. ; 100 
m. SSW. Richmond, 197 from W. It contains 
a court-house and jail. 

BOYLE, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on the Gen- 
esee ; 20 m. NW. Canandaigua, 396 from W. 

BOYLSTON, t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 7 m. 
NNE. Worcester, 42 W. Boston, 425 from W. 
Pop. 820. 

BOYLSTON, West, t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 
7 m. N. Worcester, 44 V/. Boston, 425 from 
W. Here is a cotton manufactory. 

BOYLSTON, t. Oswego co. N. Y 

BOZRAH, t. New London co. Ct. about 5 
m. W. Norwich. Pop. 1,078. 

BRACEVILLE, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, on 
W. side of Warren; 317 m. from W. 

BRACEVILLE, v. Knox co. Indiana. 

BRACKEN, co. N. part of Ken. on the 
Ohio. Pop. 6,332. Chief town, Augusta. 



BRA — BRA 



203 



BRACKEN CREEK, r. Ken. which runs 
into the Ohio, Ion. 84° 8' W. lat. 38° 36' N. 

BRADDOCK'S FIELD, place, in Pa. on 
Turtle creek; 6 m. ESE. Pittsburg. Here 
Gen. Braddock fell into an ambuscade of In- 
dians, was defeated, and mortally wounded. 
It was here the military talents of Gen. Wash- 
ington, then a provincial major, were first con- 
spicuously displayed. 

BRADDOCK'S BAY, on S. side of Lake 
Ontario ; 5 m. W. of the mouth of the Gene- 
see, in Gates. 

BRADFORD, t. Orange co. Vt. on the Con- 
necticut; 7 m. S. by W. Newbury, 505 m. 
from W. Pop. 1,507. Here is a paper mill. 

BRADFORD, Clearfield co. Ohio. 

BRADFORD, t. Hillsborough co. N. H.; 
20 m. WNW. Concord, 514 from W. 

BRADFORD, t. Essex co. Mass. on S. side 
of the Merrimack, opposite Haverhill ; 28 m. 
N. Boston, 18 WNW. Salem, 472 from W. 
Lon. 71° V W. lat. 42° 46' N. Pop. 1,856. It 
is a pleasant town, and has 2 parishes. Great 
quantities of leather shoes are made here for 
■exportation. 

BRADFORD, a county in the E. district of 
Pennsylvania, bordering on New York. It is 
intersected by the E. branch of the Susque- 
hannah river, which receives numerous collat- 
eral branches flowing from all directions with- 
in the county. Pop. 19,669. Towanda is the 
chief tow, situated about 60 m. NW. Wilkes- 
barre ; and here is printed a weekly newspa- 
per. Bradford was formerly called Ontario co. 

BRADFORD, t. Clearfield co. Pa. 

BRADFORD, East, t. Chester co. Pa. wa- 
tered by the Brandywine. 

BRADFORD, West, t. Chester co. Pa. 

BRADFORD, Merrimack co. N. H. 20 m. 
W. from Concord. Pop. 1,285. 

BRADLEY HALL, v. Prince William co. 
Va. ; 33 m. from W. 

BRADLEY VALE, t. Caledonia co. Vt. ; 38 
in. N. Newbury. 

BRADLEYSVILLE, v. Litchfield co. Ct. ; 
329 m. from W. 

BRADLEYSVILLE, t. Sumpter district, 
S. C. 62 m. E. from Columbia. 

BRADY and EASTOWN GRANT, t. Ox- 
ford co. Me. 

BR AINARD'S BRIDGE, v. in Nassau, N. 
Y. ; 409 m. from W. 

BRAINERD, a missionary station among 
the Cherokees, in a district of country called 
Chickamaugah, on Chickamaugah creek ; 7 m. 
E. Lookout Mountain, about 50 SSW. Wash- 
ington, Tenn. 100 E. by N. Huntsville, 140 
WSW. Knoxville, 155 NW. Athens. It is 15 
m. by the course of the creek above its en- 
trance into the Tennessee, and only 6 from the 
river at the nearest point; and is near the 
chartered limits of Tennessee and Georgia. 
The Chickamaugah is navigable for boats to 
Brainerd. The missionary establishment was 
commenced here early in 1817. The buildings 
consist of a dwelling-house, with appendages 
for the accommodation of the family, 2 school- 
houses, 1 for the boys and 1 for the girls, sev- 
eral cabins used as dwelling-houses, a grist- 



mill, saw-mill, blacksmith's and carpenter's 
shops. A farm of about 50 acres is brought 
under cultivation, and already such is the pro- 
gress of the Cherokees in agriculture, that they 
furnish most of the means of subsistence to 
the mission. In the burying-ground is the 
grave of the Rev. Dr. Worcester, late Corre- 
sponding Secretary to the Board, who died here 
June 7th, 1821. 

BRAINTREE, t. Orange co. Vermont; 6 
m. WNW. Randolph, 23 SSW. Montpelier. 
Pop. 1,209. 

BRAINTREE, t. Norfolk co. Mass. ; 12 m. 
SSE. Boston. Pop. 1,752. This town is fa- 
mous for being the birth-place of the Hon. 
John Adams, the second president of the U. 
States. 

BRAINTREE, New, t. Worcester co.Mass.; 
18 m. W. Worcester, 58 WSW. Boston. Pop. 
912. This is a valuable township, and pro- 
duces large quantities of beef, butter, and 
cheese. 

BRAINTREM, t. Luzerne co. Pa. on the 

Susquehannah ; 265 m. from W. 

BRANCHTOWN, v. Philadelphia co. Pa. 
BRANCHVILLE, v. Sussex co. N. J. 78 m. 
N. from Trenton. 

BRANDON, t. Rutland co. Vt. on Otter 
creek, 12 m. N. Rutland, 40 SW. Montpelier 
Pop. 1,940. Here is a bed of iron ore of a su- 
perior quality, at which are erected a forge, a 
furnace, and an establishment for the manu- 
facture of shovels ; the forge yields 36 tons of 
bar iron, and the furnace upwards of 100 tons 
of cast iron annually. 

BRANDYWINE MANOR, v. Chester co. 
Pa. 30 m. from Philadelphia. 

BRANDYWINE, t. Chester co. Pa. 
BRANDYWINE, hundred, in NE. corner 
of Newcastle co. Delaware. 

BRANDYWINE, t. Newcastle co. Del. 
BRANDYWINE, r. which rises in Pa. and 
passing into Delaware, joins the Christiana 
a little below Wilmington. It is 40 m. long, 
and through its whole course is a fine stream 
well adapted to water works. The descent 
in 25 m. is 300 feet. For an account of the 
Brandywine Mills, see Wilmington. 

ERANDY POTS, islands in the St. Law- 
rence, 103 m. below Quebec, and opposite the 
mouth of Saguenay river. 

BRANFORD, t. New Haven co. Ct. ; 7 m 
E. New Haven, 311 from W. Lon. 72° 50' 
W. lat. 41° 17' N. Pop. 2,333. 

BRANFORD, North, t New Haven co.Ct.; 
5 m. N. Branford. 

BRANTREM, v. Luzerne co. Pa. on the 
Susquehannah, 50 m. above Wilkesbarre. 
Pop. 525. 

BRANT'S VILLAGE, on Grand river, U.C. 
BRASCHIN'S CREEK, r. Ken. which runs 
into the Salt river, lon. 85° 36' W. lat. 37° 
50' N. 

BRASSOS A DIOS, river of Texas, in the 
intendency of St. Louis Potosi ; the sources of 
the Brassos are not correctly known, but are 
supposed to be S. of Red river, about N. lat. 
33°. The length of this river exceeds 400 m. ; 
the country near its sources is mostly prairie, 



204 



BRA— BRI 



with narrow borders of woods along the banks 
of the river, and some of its branches. 

BRATTLEBOROUGH, t. Windham co. 
Vt. on the Connecticut ; 12 m. SE. Newfane, 
20 S. by W Walpole, 36 E. Bennington, 41 
N. Northampton, 96 WNW. Boston, 110 S. 
Montpelier, 427 from W. Lat. 42° 52' N. 
Pop. ;J,141. It contains two parishes, in each 
of which there is a handsome village. The 
village in the east parish is on the W. bank 
of the river, and contains a Congregational 
meeting-house, a cotton manufactory, a pa- 
per mill, and one of the largest printing 
establishments in the United States. It is 
a pleasant and flourishing village, and has con- 
siderable trade. Here is a bridge across the 
Connecticut. The other village is about 2 m. 
WNW. and contains a Congregational meet- 
ing-house, and a woollen manufactory. 

BRATTON'S RIVER, r. North America, 
which runs into the Missouri, 2,232 m. from 
the Mississippi. 

BRATTONSVILLE, v. Prince William co. 
Va. 35 m. SW. from W. 

BREAKNECK HILL, on the Hudson, at 
the entrance of the Highlands, opposite Butter 
Hill ; 60 m. N. of New York. 

BREAM'S HEIGHTS, eminence, N. York, 
on Hudson river, where Gen. Gates had a 
camp previous to the capitulation of Saratoga. 

BRECKENRIDGE, co. Ken. bounded by 
the Ohio river NW. by Hardin E. and SE. by 
Grayson S. and by Ohio and Daviess SW. ; 
surface broken, and soil generally productive. 
Staples, grain, flour, tobacco, and salted pro- 
visions. Chief town, Hardensburg. Pop. 7,345. 

BRECKNOCK, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 

BRECKNOCK, t. Berks co. Pa. 

BREED'S HILL, an eminence on the N. 
side of Charlestown, in Mass. celebrated for 
the stand made by the Americans against the 
British troops, at the commencement of hos- 
tilities with the mother country. This action 
is usually called the battle of Bunker Hill (an- 
other hill near it.) See Bunker Hill. 

BRENTWOOD, t. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 
20 m. WSW. Portsmouth, 521 from W. Pop. 
891. It is watered by Exeter river, and con- 
tains a Congregational and a Baptist meeting- 
house, and cotton manufactories. 

BRETON WOODS, t. Coos co. N. H.; 12 
m. SSE. Lancaster. Pop. 108. 

BRENTVILLE, v. Prince William co. Va. 

BRETON, Cape, island of N. America, be- 
tween 45° and 47° N. lat. separated from Nova 
Scotia by a narrow strait called Canso, and is 
100 m. in length, and 50 in breadth. It is a 
barren country, subject to fogs throughout the 
year, and covered with snow in the winter. 
There is an excellent fishery on this coast. It 
was confirmed to England by treaty in 1763. 

BRETON, island of Louisiana, or rather 2 
small islands lying SW. from the Grand Go j 
sier. There is a channel containing 12 feet 
water between the islands of Grand Gosier 
and Breton Island, and another SW. of the 
latter, leading into Chandeleur Bay, with 18 
feet water N. lat. 29° 26'. 



BREVELLE, t. Natchitoches co. Louisiana 

BREWER, t. Penobscot Me. on E. side of 
the Penobscot, opposite Bangor ; 34 m. N. of 
Castine, 696 from W. Pop. 1,078. 

BREWSTER, t. Barnstable co. Mass.; 16 
m. E. Barnstable, 88 SE. Boston, 498 from W, 
Pop. 1,418. 

BRIAR CREEK, t. Columbia co. Pa. 

BRIAR'S CREEK, r. Georgia, which runs 
into the Savannah, 40 m. below Augusta. In 
1779, a part of the American army was sur- 
prised on this river by the British, and en- 
tirety routed, with the loss of 400 men killed 
or taken. 

BRICELAND CROSS ROADS, v. Wash- 
ington co. Pa. 

BRICK HOUSE, v. Sussex co. N. J. 

BRICKSVILLE, t. Cuyahoga, co. N. York, 
at the E. end of Long Island. 

BRIDGEBRANCH, or Bridgeville, v. Sus- 
sex co. Delaware ; 132 m. from W. 

BRIDGEFIELD, Shelby co. Kentucky. 

BRIDGEHAMPTON, v. in Southampton, 
N. York. 

BRIDGEHAMPTON, v. Suffolk co. N. Y. 
at the NE. end of Long Island. 

BRIDGEPORT, s-p. and bor. in the town- 
ship of Stratford, Ct. in L. Island Sound, at 
the mouth of the Pequanock ; 3 J m. W. of 
17§ SW. New Haven, 286 from W. Pop. 2,803. 
It contains a bank and several houses of pub- 
lic worship. It is a pleasant and flourishing 
village, and lias considerable trade. 

BRIDGEPORT, t. Harrison co. Va. ; 265 
m. from W. 

BRIDGEPORT, t. Fayette co. Pa. on the 
Monongahela, separated from Brownsville by 
DunlaD's creek. 

BRIDGEPORT, v. Belmont co. Ohio, 18 
m. from Wheeling, 283 from W. 

BRIDGEPORT, t. Fairfield co. Ct. on Long 
Island Sound, on the E. side of Sasco river, 
and 10 m. NE. of Nor walk. 

BRIBGETON, t. Cumberland co. Me. ; 39 
m. NW. Portland, 130 NNE. Boston, 589 from 
W. Pop. 1,541. Here is an academy. 

BRIDGETOWN, the capital of the island 
of Barbadoes, situate in the inmost part of Car- 
lisle Bay, which is large enough to contain 
500 ships, but the bottom is foul, and apt to 
cut the cables. This city was burnt down in 
1688; and suffered also greatly by fires in 
1756, 1766, and 1767. Before these fires it 
contained 1,500 houses ; and it has since been 
rebuilt. The streets are broad, the houses 
high, the wharves and quays convenient, and 
the forts strong. The church is as large as 
some cathedrals. Here also is a free-school, 
an hospital, and a college ; the latter erected 
by the Society for Propagating the Gospel, 
pursuant (to the will of Col. Codrington, who 
endowed it with £2,000 a year. The town 
had scarcely risen from the calamities already 
mentioned, when it was torn from its founda- 
tion by a hurricane in 1780, in which many 
of the inhabitants perished ; and in 1831 it ex- 
perienced a similar calamity Lon. 59° 43' 
W. lat. 13° 5' N. 



BRI — BRO 



205 



BRIDGETOWN, t. Middlesex co. N. J.; 
5 m. SW. Elizabethtown, 20 SW. New York, 
70 NE. Philadelphia. 

BRIDGETOWN, t. and cap. Cumberland 
co. N. J. on the Cohanzy ; 56 m. S. Philadel- 
phia, 173 from W. It contains a court-house, 
a jail, a bank, an academy, and a printing 
office, and is a place of considerable trade. 
The Cohanzy is navigable to this town for 
vessels of 100 tons. 

BRIDGETOWN, t. Queen Anne co. Md. 
on the Tuckahoe ; 8 m. E. CentreviUe. 

BRIDGETOWN, t. Kent co. Md. on the 
river Chester; 18 m. E. Chester. It has 
about 40 houses. 

BRIDGEWATER, t. Windsor co. Vt. ; 17 
m. NW. Windsor. Pop. 1,311. 

BRIDGEWATER, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. 

BRIDGEWATER, t. Grafton co. N. H. on 
the Merrimack ; 10 m. S. Plymouth, 70 NW. 
Portsmouth. Pop. 783. 

BRIDGEWATER, t. Plymouth co. Mass. : 
18 m. NW. Plymouth, 22 S. Boston. Pop. 
1,855. It is a large and valuable agricultural 
town, and one of the most considerable in the 
state with regard to manufactures, which con- 
sist of iron, cotton, and woollen. 

BRIDGEWATER, t. Oneida co. N. Y. ; 12 
m. S. Utica, 401 from W. Pop. 1,608. 

BRIDGEWATER, t. Luzerne co. Pa.; 275 
m. from W. Pop. 1.418. 

BRIDGEWATER, t. Somerset co. N. J. ; 
3 m. N. Roundbrook. Pop. 2,906. 

BRIDGEWATER, r. Mass. which unites 
with the Namasket to form Taunton river. 

BRIDPORT, t. Addison co. Vt. ; E. of Lake 
Champlain, opposite Crown Point, 5 m. W. 
Middlebury, 50 WSW. Montpelier, 468 from 
W. Pop. 1,774. 

BRIER CREEK, t. Wilkes co. N. C. 180 
m. NW. by W. from Raleigh. 

BRIGHTON, t. Middlesex co. Mass. ; 5 m. 
W. Boston. Pop. 972. Here the cattle are 
driven for the supply of Boston market. The 
Brighton Cattle Show is imder the direction of 
the Massachusetts Agricultural Society. Stalls 
are erected for the cattle, and a building 70 
feet by 36 for the exhibition of domestic man- 
ufactures. Brighton has many elegant coun- 
try-seats. 

BRIGHTON, t. Monroe co. N. Y. on the 
E. side of Genesee river, at its mouth, 24 m. 
NW. Canandaigua. Pop. 6,519. In this town 
is the new village of Carthage, and part of 
Rochester. 

BRIGHTON, t. Beaver co. Pa. at the falls 
of Big Beaver creek. Here are an iron fur- 
nace and a forge, and valuable mills. 

BRIGHT'S CORNER, t. Cumberland co. 
Me. 36 m. from Portland. 

BRIGHT HOPE, t. Green co. Ten. 200 m. 
E. from Murfreesborough. 

BRIGHTSTOWN, t. Crawford co. Pa. 

BRIMFIELD, t. Hampden co. Mass.; 19 
m. E. Springfield, 70 WSW. Boston, 375 from 
W. Pop. 1,599. 

BRIMFIELD, South, t. Hampden co. Mass., 
16 m. E. Springfield, 380 from W. 

BRINGREI'S FARM, t. on the left bank 



of the Mississippi, 5 m. below Donaldsonville, 

and 75 above N. Orleans. 

BRINKLEYSVILLE, v. Halifax co. N. C. 
225 from W. 

BRISTOL, t. Addison co. Vt. ; 25 m. WSW. 

Montpelier, 482 from W. 

BRISTOL, t. Lincoln co. Me. on E. side 
of the Damariscotta, at its mouth ; 13 m. E. 
Wiscasset, 180 NE. Eoston, 609 from W. 
Pop. 2.450. Here is an academy. 

BRISTOL, co. S. part of Mass. ; bounded 
N. by Norfolk co. E. by Plymouth co. S. by 
Buzzard's Bay, and W. by Rhode Island. Pop. 
49,474. Chief towns, Taunton and N. Bedford 

BRISTOL, co. R. I. ; bounded N. and NE. 
by Massachusetts, E. by Mount Hope Bay, 
and W. by Narraganset Bay. It contains the 
towns of Bristol, Warren, and Barrington. 
Pop. 5,466. Chief town, Bristol. 

BRISTOL, s-p. and cap. Bristol co. R. I. on 
the continent ; 4 m. S. Warren, 15 S. Provi- 
dence, 15 N. Newport, 56 SSW. Boston, 424 
from W. Lon. 71° 12' W. lat. 41° 35' N. 
Pop. 3,054. It is a very pleasant town, and 
has a safe and commodious harbor, and is a 
place of considerable trade. It was distin- 
guished for the part which it took in the slave- 
trade previous to its abolition by the American 
government. It owns about 7,000 tons of 
shipping. The trade is chiefly to the West 
Indies and to Europe. It contains a court- 
house, a jail, a market-house, a masonic hall, 4 
banks, an academy, a public library, and 4 
houses of public worship. Great quantities of 
onions are raised here for exportation. 

BRISTOL, t. Grafton co. N. H. 90 m. from 
Boston. Pop. 799. 

BRISTOL, t. Hartford co. Ct. ; 17 m. SW. 
Hartford, 331 from W. This town has large 
manufactories of wooden and brass clocks, 
and 30,000 are sometimes made, in a year. 
Pop. 1,707. 

BRISTOL, t. Ontario co. N. Y. ; 10 m. SW. 
Canandaigua, 374 from W. Pop. 2,952. 

BRISTOL, bor. and t. Bucks co. Pa. on 
W. bank of the Delaware ; 19 m. NE. Phila- 
delphia, 157 from W. It is a handsomely 
built village, pleasantly situated, and is the re- 
sort of much genteel company in the summer. 

BRISTOL, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. 
. BRISTOL, t. Morgan co. Ohio. 

BRISTOL, v. Perry co. Ohio, 50 m. SE. 
from Columbus. 

BBISTOL BAY, on the W. coast of N. A. 
formed by the Peninsula of Alaska on the S. 
and Cape Newnham on the N. Lat.58° 20' N. 

BRITAIN, Little, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 
1,800. It borders on Maryland. 

BRITAIN, Keic, t. Bucks co. Pa. It is at 
the head waters of the Neshaminy. 

BRITISH AMERICA. See p. 161. 

BROADALBIN, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 
10 m. N. of the Mohawk. Pop. 2,657. There 
are 2 meeting-bouses for Presbyterians, and I 
for Methodists, in this town. 

BROAD BAY, bay on the coast of Maine. 
Lon. 65° 19' W. ; lat. 43 3 50' N. 

BROAD CREEK, v. Queen Anne co. Md. 
50 m. from W. 



206 



BRO — BRO 



BROAD CREEK, r. N. C. which runs into 
the Atlantic, Ion. 77° 32' W. ; lat. 34° 42' N. 

BROAD CREEK, r. Delaware, which runs 
into Nanticoke. 

BROAD CREEK, r. Md. which runs into 
the Potomac, Ion. 77° 9' W. ; lat. 38° 50' N. 

BROAD CREEK, hundred, in S. part of 
Sussex co. Delaware. 

BROADFIELD, v. Westmoreland co. Va. 

BROADHEAD'S CREEK, r. Pa. which 
runs into the Delaware in N. part of North- 
ampton co. 

BROAD KILL, t, and hundred, in Sussex 
co. Del. on Delaware bay ; 173 m. from W 

BROAD KILL, r. Delaware, which runs 
into Delaware bay, Ion. 75° 19' W. ; lat. 38° 
50' N. 

BROAD MOUNTAIN, or fourth large 
ridge from the Blue Mount, commences its 
eastern extremity in Northampton co. near 
the head of Pokono creek, and crosses the Le- 
high at the " Turn Hole," extending westerly 
to the river Schuylkill. Its average height is 
about 1000 feet above its base. 

BROAD RIVER, r. or arm of the sea, S. C. 
between Port Royal island and the main land. 
Upon this river is Beaufort. 

BROAD RIVER, r. S. C. formed by the 
rivers Enoree, Tyger, and Pacolet. After a 
course of 40 miles, it unites with the Saluda, 
a little above Columbia, to form the Congaree 
BROAD RIVER, r. Georgia, which runs 
' into the Savannah, at Petersburg. 

BROAD RUN, r. Va. which runs into the 
Potomac, Ion. 77° 30' W. ; lat. 39° 9' N. 

BROKEN KNIFE, creek, Crawford co. 
Ohio, on the E. branch of Sandusky r. 

BROCKPORT, v. Monroe co. N. Y. on the 
Great Western Canal, 17 m. W. from Roches- 
ter. Pop. 792. 

BROCKVILLE, seat of justice, Leeds co. 
U. C. on the left bank of the St. Lawrence, 16 
m. above Prescott. It is a very flourishing 
place, in a fertile, well cultivated neighbor- 
flood. 

BROKENSTRAW, t. Warren co. Pa. 
BROKENSTRAW CREEK, v. Crawford 
co. Pa. 

BROKENSTRAW CREEK, r. Pa. which 
Funs ESE. into the Alleghany, about 8 m. W. 
from Warren. It is about 40 yards wide at 
its mouth, and is a rapid stream, with numer- 
ous mills on its banks. 

BROKEN SWORD, name of a creek in 
Crawford co. Ohio, running south-westwardly 
into Sandusky r. 

BROMLEY, t. Somerset co. N. J. about 10 
m. NW. from Boundbrook. 

BROMPTON, t. L. C. Buckingham co. on 
St. Francis r. 

BRONX, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 22 m. 
NW. from the city of New York. 

BRONX CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs into 
East river, in Westchester. Length 28 m. 

BROME, t. Richelieu co. L. C. SE. from 
Montreal. 

BROOK HILL, v. Montgomery co. Ten. 
821 m. from W. 

BROOKE, co. NW. point of Va. bounded 



W. and N. by the Ohio, E. by Pennsylvania, 
and S. by Ohio co. Pop. 6,774. Chief town, 
Wellsburg. 

BROOKEVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Md. 
on a branch of Patuxent. r. 20 m. N. from W. 
C It contains about 20 dwelling-houses, 1 
male and one female school, an excellent asso- 
ciate library, 2 drug shops, 1 store, 2 tanneries, 
and 2 grist and saw-mills. Lat. 39° 11' N. 22 
m. from W. 

BROOKFIELD, t. Orange co. Vt. 6 m. N. 
from Randolph, and 17 S. from Montpelier. 
Pop. 1,677. 

BROOKFIELD, t. Strafford co. N. H. 31 
m. NNW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 671. 

BROOKFIELD, t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 
m. W. from Worcester, and 58 W. from Bos 
ton. Pop. 2,342. It was formerly divided into 
two parishes, but the second parish now con 
stitutes a distinct town called North Brook- 
field. This town was settled at an early pe- 
riod, and during Philip's war in 1675, was at- 
tacked - by the Indians. The inhabitants col- 
lected in one house, which was immediately 
besieged by the savages, who set fire instantly 
to every other building in the town. For two 
days and nights the Indians poured in shot 
upon the people in the house incessantly, but 
were met by a most determined defence on 
the part of the besieged. They then attempt- 
ed to fire the house by flaming torches, at the 
ends of long poles; but the garrison contin- 
ued to defend themselves by firing from the 
windows and throwing water upon the flames, 
as they fortunately had a pump within the 
house. These attempts failing, the Indians 
then prepared a cart loaded with flax, hemp, 
and other combustible matters, and, under 
cover of a barricade of boards, thrust the 
burning mass by the means of long timbers 
against the house. In this movement one of 
t'he wheels came off, which turned the ma- 
chine aside and exposed the Indians to the 
fire of the garrison ; a shower of rain coming 
on at the same time, extinguished the flames. 
Shortly afterwards a reinforcement of forty 
men arrived from Boston, forced their way 
through the enemy and joined the garrison. 
The Indians then abandoned the siege and 
retired, having suffered a heavy loss. 

BROOKFIELD, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 6 m. 
NE. from Danbury, 33 NW. from New 
Haven, and 305 from W. Pop. 1,261. 

BROOKFIELD, t. Madison co. N. Y. on 
the Unadilla; 22 m. S. from Utica, 93 W 
from Albany, and 348 from W. Pop. 4,367. 

BROOKFIELD, t. Essex co. N. Y. 525 m. 
from W. 

BROOKFIELD, t. Trumbull co. Ohio; 15 

m. N. from Warren. 

BROOKFIELD, t. Morgan co. Ohio. 
BROOKFIELD, (North,) t. Worcester co. 
Mass. 19 m. W. from Worcester, and 59 
WSW. from Boston. 

BROOKFIELD, Montgomery co. Ohio. 
BROOKHAVEN, t. Suffolk co. N. Y. on 
Long Island ; 70 m, E. from New York. Pop. 
6,095. This is a very large township, extend- 
ing from one side of the island to the other. 



BRO— BRO 



207 



and containing 9 post-offices, viz. Brookhaven, 
Satauket, Stony Brook, Middletown, Pat- 
chogue, Fire Place, Forge, Drowned Meadow, 
and Moriches ; and 7 houses of public worship. 

BROOK-HILL, Montgomery co. Ten. 

BROOKLINE, t. Windham co. Vt. 40 m. 
S. from Windsor. 

BROOKLINE, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 
9 m. SSW. from Amherst, and 65 WSW. from 
Portsmouth. 

BROOKLINE, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 5 m. 
SW. from Boston. It is a pleasant town, and 
contains a number of elegant country-seats. 
Large quantities of vegetables are raised here 
for the supply of Boston market. 

BROOKLYN, t. Windham co.Ct. 46 m. E. 
from Hartford. 

BROOKLYN, t. Cuyauga co. Ohio. Pop. 
in 1820, 348. 

BROOKLYN, a large town on Long Isl- 
and, separated from the city of New York by 
the narrow channel called East River. It is 
properly a suburb of that city, and is a place 
of great business. It is regularly built, and 
contains many fine houses, the residence of 
merchants from the city. The United States 
Navy Yard is in the east part of the town 
upon a bay called the Wallabout. Pop. 15,396. 
Near this town a bloody battle was fought 
with the British in 1776, and the neighbor- 
hood exhibits many remains of the fortifica- 
tions thrown up at that time. 

BROOKS, t. Hancock co. Me. by the post- 
road 114 m. NE. from Portland. Pop. in 
1820, 318. 

BROOKSVILLE, t. Hancock co. Me. Pop. 
1,099. 

BROOKVILLE, or Franklin, t. and cap. 
Franklin co. Indiana, on the White Water ; 
30 m. N. from Lawrenceburg, 42 NW. from 
Cincinnati, and 578 from W. It is a very 
flourishing town, finely situated, and contains 
a court-house, a jail, a market-house, a print- 
ing-office, and nearly 100 houses, and has con^ 
siderable trade. 

BROOME, a south frontier co. of the state 
of N. Y. bordering on Susquehannah co. Pa. 
and Del. r. Pop. 17,582. Binghampton on the 
N. branch of the Susquehannah, 148 m. W. 
by S. of Albany, is the chief town. 

BROOME, or Bristol, t. Schoharie co. N. 
Y. 35 m. SW. from Albany, and 381 from W. 
Pop. 3,161. 

BROOMVILLE, v. Del. co. N. Y. on Mo- 
hawk branch of Del. r. about 70 m. S W. from 
Albany. 

BROTHER'S VALLEY, t. Somerset co. 
Pa. 

BROTHERTOWN, an Indian village in 
Paris, N. Y. with a population of about 400. 

BROUETTE, r. Indiana, which runs into 
the Wabash, Ion. 87° 40' W. ; lat. 39° 44' N. 

BROUGHTON, t. Buckingham co. L. C. 
36 m. S. from Quebec. 

BROWN, t. Lycoming co. Pa. 

BROWN, t. Miami co. Ohio. 

BROWN, t. Stark co. Ohio. 

BROWN, co. Michigan territory. Pop. 
964. The seat of justice is Green Bay. 



BROWN, t. Hancock co. Me. 696 m. from W, 

BROWN, co. Ohio, on the r. Ohio, W. of 
Adams co. formed in 1818. Pop. 17,867, 
Georgetown is the chief town. 

BROWNFIELD, t. Oxford co. Me. on Saco 
r. 28 m. SW. from Paris. 

BROWNHELM, t. Huron co. Ohio. 

BROWN INLET, channel between two 
small islands on the N. coast of N. C. Lon. 
77° 30' W. ; lat. 34° 32' N. 

BROWNINGTON, t. Orleans co. Vt. 55 m. 
NNE. from Montpelier. Pop. 412. 

BROWNSBOROUGH, t. Madison co. Ala. 

BROWNSBURG, t. Rockbridge co. Va. on 
Hay's creek ; 12 m. NNE. from Lexington. 

BROWNSBURG, v. Columbia co. Geo. 612 
m. from W. 

BROWNSBURG, v. Washington co. Ten. 
462 m. from W. 

BROWN'S CROSS ROADS, v. Pike co. 
Ohio, 15 m. NW. from Piketon, and 24 SW. 
from Chilicothe. 

BROWN'S CROSS ROADS, v. Ross co. 
Ohio. 

BROWN'S CORNER, v. Kennebeck co. 
Me. 618 m. from W. 

BROWN'S FERRY, t. Madison co. Ala. 

BROWN'S MILLS, t. Mifflin co. Pa. 

BROWN'S MILLS, t. Washington co. 
Ohio, 80 m. SE. from Columbus. 

BROWN'S PASSAGE, NW. coast of 
America, between Dundas and Stephen's isl- 
and, leading into Chatham's sound. 

BROWN'S POINT, cape, S. extremity of 
the island of Tobago in the West Indies. 
Lon. 16° 20' E. ; lat. 11° 10' N. 

BROWN'S SOUND, on NW. coast of 
America, lat. 55° 18' N.; lon. 132° 20' W. 

BROWN'S STORE, t. CasweU co. N. C. 
80 m. NW. from Raleigh. 

BROWN'S STORE, t. Culpeper co. Va. 
70 m. NW. from Richmond, and 60 SW. 
from W. 

BROWNSTOWN, t. and cap. Jackson co, 
Indiana ; 25 N. by E. from Salem. 

BROWNSTOWN, v. Wayne co. Michigan, 
16 m. SW. from Detroit. 

BROWN'S TAVERN, v. Ann Arundel co. 
Md. 

BROWN'S TURNPIKE, t. Albemarle co. 
Va. about 75 m. NW. by W. from Richmond. 

BROWN'S VILLAGE, v. Herkimer co. 
N Y. 68 m. NW. from Albany. 

BROWNVILLE, t. Penobscot co. Me. 40 
m. N. from Bangor. Pop. 402. In 1810, the 
country between Brownville and the Chaudiere 
was explored, and the distance to St. Francois 
on that river, found to be 100 m. 

BROWNVILLE, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. S. 
of the St. Lawrence, at E. end of lake Onta- 
rio, and N. of Black river; 180 m. NW. from 
Albany, and 477 from W. Pop. 2,938. The 
village of Brownville is on Black r. 5 m. from 
its mouth, and is a place of considerable trade. 

BROWNSVILLE, or Brownstown, t. and 
cap. Jackson co. Illinois, on Big Muddy river, 
20 or 30 m. above its entrance into the Miss, 
and 30 SE. from Kaskaskia. It is a flourish- 
ing town, situated in a very fertile country 



208 



BRO — BRU 



and has fine mill seats. The Big Muddy r. 
is navigable a little above the town. Close to 
the town there is a salt spring, and 2 or 3 m. 
distant are immense quantities of coal. 

BROWNSVILLE, t. and bor. Fayette co. 
Pa. on the Monongahela r. 12 m. NW. from 
Union, 33 S. by E. from Pittsburg, 57 ESE. 
from Wheeling, and 223 from W. It is a 
wealthy and flourishing town. It contains a 
bank and a printing-office, and has in the 
town and vicinity many flour mills and manu- 
facturing establishments. Here is a convenient 
and an abundant supply of coal. The situa- 
tion of the town is singular and picturesque ; 
built on the side of a hill ; the houses on the 
most elevated part being about 300 feet higher 
than those on the Monongahela. Many boats 
are built here, loaded with produce, and taken 
to Pittsburg. In the vicinity are many monu- 
ments of Indian antiquity. 

BROWNSVILLE, v. Marlborough district, 
S. C. 429 m. from W. 

BROWNSVILLE, v. Union co. In. on the 
E. fork of White r. 60 m. NW. from Cincin- 
nati, and 70 SE. by E. from Indianapolis. 

BROWNSVILLE, v. Granville co. N. C. 
about 50 m. N. from Raleigh. 

BROWNSVILLE, v. Oldham co. Ken. 50 
m. NW. from Frankfort. 

BROYLE, harbor, cape, and settlement, on 
the E. side of Newfoundland, 15 rn. NE from 
Aquafort, and 30 SW. from St. John's. 

BRUCETOWN, v. Frederick co. Va. 78 m. 
W. from W. 

BRUCEVILLE, v. Knox co. In. 

BRULE RIVER, NW. territory, runs into 
lake Superior from the SW. It has a commu- 
nication, though precarious and difficult, with 
the St. Croix of the Mississippi. 

BRUNERSTOWN, v. Jefferson co. Ken. 
609 m. from W. Pop. 92. 

BRUNSWICK, co. S. side of Va. bounded 
N. by Dinwiddie and Sussex cos. E. by 
Greensville co. S. by North Carolina, and W. 
by Mecklenburg and Lunenburg cos. Pop. 
15,770. Lawrenceville is the chief town. 

BRUNSWICK, co. SE. part of N. C. Pop. 
6,523. Chief town, Smithville. 

BRUNSWICK, t. Essex co. Vt. on the Ct. 
65 m. NE. from Montpelier. 

BRUNSWICK, t. Schuylkill co. Pa. 

BRUNSWICK, t. Medina co. Ohio. 

BRUNSWICK, t. Cumberland co. Me. on 
S. side of the Androscoggin, opposite Top- 
sham, with which it is connected by two 
bridges, 30 m. NE. from Portland, 145 NNE. 
from Boston, and 581 from W. Pop. 3,747. 
Lon. 69° 55' W. ; lat. 43° 53' N. It is a 
pleasant town, and has considerable trade. 
The falls of the Androscoggin at this place 
afford a number of very fine mill seats, which 
are improved to a considerable extent in the 
manufacture of cotton and wool. Bowdoin 
College was incorporated in 1794, and was or- 
ganized in 1802. It is pleasantly situated on 
an elevated plain, commanding a view of the 
Androscoggin and the adjacent country. The 
college buildings are the president's house, a 
chapel, containing in the second story the 



library, consisting of 8,000 volumes; and 
Massachusetts Hall, a brick building 50 feec 
by 40. This building contains the philosophi- 
cal and the chemical apparatus, a laboratory, 
a cabinet of minerals, and a large collection 
of paintings bequeathed to the college by the 
Hon. James Bowdoin. To this gentleman the 
college is also indebted for a part of the min- 
eralogical specimens, and for a valuable col- 
lection of models in crystalography. The phi- 
losophical apparatus is excellent, and sufficient 
for a complete course of experimental lectures 
The legislative government of the college is 
in the hands of 13 trustees, and a board of 
45 overseers. The executive government is 
intrusted to a president and four professors. 
The studies of which a knowledge is neces- 
sary in order to admission into the freshmen 
class, are Virgil, Cicero's Select Orations, 
Graeca Minora, the Greek Testament, and the 
four fundamental rules of arithmetic. The 
following is the course of study. 1st year. 
The English, Latin, and Greek languages, 
and arithmetic. 2d year. The several lan- 
guages continued, together with geography, 
algebra, geometry, plane trigonometry, men- 
suration of superficies and solids, rhetoric and 
logic. 3d year. The several languages con- 
tinued, together with heights and distances, 
gauging, surveying, navigation, conic sections, 
natural philosophy, chemistry, metaphysics, 
history and theology. 4th year. Chemistry, 
metaphysics, and theology continued, together 
with astronomy, dialling, spherical geometry 
and trigonometry, with their application to as- 
tronomical problems ; ethics, natural law, and 
civil polity. For tuition, each student pays 20 
dollars per annum, and for room rent, (for a 
whole room,) 10 dollars. Board is from $2 to 
2.50 a week ; and wood, from 2 dollars to 2.50 
a cord. Commencement is held on the first 
Wednesday in December. There are three 
vacations : the 1st, from commencement, 4 
weeks : the 2d, from Friday after the 3d 
Wednesday in December, 8 weeks ; and the 
3d, from Thursday preceding last Wednesday 
in May, 2J weeks. 

BRUNSWICK, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 6 
m. E. from Troy. Pop. 2,570. 

BRUNSWICK, New, province of British 
America. See page 167. 

BRUNSWICK, t. Berks co. Pa. 

BRUNSWICK, t. Brunswick co. N. C on 
W. side of Cape Fear river; 17 m. SW. from 
Wilmington. Lon. 78° 10' W. ; lat. 34 3 3 N. 

BRUNSWICK, s-p. and cap. Glynn co. 
Geo. at the mouth of Turtle river; 95 m. 
SSW. from Savannah, and 747 from W. Lon. 
80° 10' W. ; lat. 31° 10' N. Its harbor is ex- 
cellent, capable of containing a numerous fleet 
of men-of-war ; but it is a small town. The 
shipping owned here, amounts to 1,016 tons. 

BRUNSWICK, (New,) city, N. J. partly in 
Middlesex and partly in Somerset co. on SW. 
side of the Raritan, 17 m. by the course of 
the river above Raritan bay, 12 W. from Am- 
boy, 16 NE. from Princeton, 33 SW. from N. 
York, 56 NE. from Philadelphia, and 194 
from W. Lon. 74° 23' W.; lat. 40° 30' N 



BRU— BUG 



209 



Pop* 7,831. It contains a court-house, jail, a 
market-house, 2 banks, a college, a theological 
seminary, and several houses of public wor- 
ship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, 
1 for Dutch Reformed, 1 for Baptists, and 1 
for Methodists. A considerable part of the 
town is situated rather low, but it is account- 
ed healthy, and has considerable trade. The 
exports consist chiefly of grain. The Raritan 
is navigable as far as this place for sloops of 
80 tons. Here is a bridge across the river. 
Rutgers College was founded in this place by 
ministers of' the Dutch Reformed church, in 
1770. The building is a handsome stone edi- 
fice, 3 stories liigh. It has 5 instructors, and 
the number of students ranges from 70 to 100. 
Commencement, 3d Wednesday in August. 
The first vacation is from commencement to 
Sept. loth ; the 2d, from Dec. 21st to Jan. 7th; 
the 3d, from April 7th to May 1st. 

BRUSH CREEK, r. Ohio, which rises in 
Highland co. and flows through Adams co. into 
the Ohio r. Large quantities of iron ore are 
found near this r. and several iron works and 
furnaces have been erected upon it. 

BRUSH CREEK, t. Scioto co. Ohio. 

BRUSH CREEK, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. 

BRUTUS, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. 5 m. N. from 
Auburn, 175 NW. from Albany, 400 from VV. 
Pop. 1,827. It is a very good agricultural 
town. Excellent limestone and gypsum are 
found here. 

BRYAN, a small maritime co. Geo. bound- 
ed on the north by the Ogeechee r. which di- 
vides it from Chatham co. ; the Cannouchee r. 
intersects it from the SW. corner, falling into 
the Ogeechee about the centre of the N. side. 
Pop. 2,319. The court-house of the county is 
about 15 m. S. of Savannah, and 206 SE. by 
E. from Milledgeville. 

BRYAN, t. Bryan co. Geo. between the Co- 
macliie and Ogeechee r. about 25 m. SW. by 
W. from Savannah. Lat. 31° 53' N. ; Ion. 4° 
30' W. from W. 

BRYANTOWN, v. Charles co. Md. on the 
road from Port Tobacco to Annapolis, 40 m. 
SSW. from the latter place. 

BRYANT'S CROSS ROADS, v. North- 
ampton co. N. C. 325 m. from W. 

BRYANT'S LICK, SE. branch of Green 
river, Ken. 

BRYAR CREEK, t. ' Northumberland co. 
Pa. on E. side of the Susquehannah. 

BRYDIE'S STORE, t. Lunenburg co. Va. 
80 m. SW. from Richmond. 

BUACHE, r. N. A. which rises in NW. ter- 
ritorv of the U. S. and runs to the Detroit r. 

BUCK CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into 
the Ohio r. 

BUCK CREEK, a large mill stream of 
Clark co. Ohio, a branch of Mad river, on 
which has been erected, besides a consider- 
able number of mills, a cotton and woollen 
manufactory. 

BUCKFIELD, t. Oxford co. Maine, 6 m. E. 
from Paris, 150 NNE. from Boston, 613 from 
W. Pop. 1,510. Iron ore is found here. 

BUCKHANAN, t. Harrison co. Va. 239 m. 
from W. 

2B 



BUCKHANNON, v. Lewis co. Va. 282 rn. 

NW. from Riclimond. 

BUCKHEAD, creek, Geo. falls into the 
Ogeechee r. 60 m. below Louisville. 

BUCKHEAD, t. Fairfield district, S. C. 35 
m. N from Columbus. 

BUCKHEAD, t. Morgan co. Geo. 50 m. N. 
from Milledgeville. 

BUCKHORN FALLS, v. Chatham co. N. 
C. 315 m. from W. 

BUCKINGHAM, co. central part of Va. 
bounded NW. and N. by James r. E. by Buck- 
ingham co. S. by Prince Edward and Camp- 
bell cos. Pop. 18,351. Chief town, New Can- 
ton. The court-house is about 20 m. SW. from 
New Canton, 190 from W. 

BUCKINGHAM, C.H. Buckingham co. Va. 
45 m. NE. from Lynchburg. 

BUCKINGHAM, t. Bucks co. Pa. 6 m. NW. 
from Newtown, 167 from W. 

BUCKINGHAM, t. Wayne co. Pa. 

BUCKINGHAM, co. L. C. in the district 
of Three rivers, on the right side of St. Law- 
rence river. 

BUCKINGHAM, t. L. C. in York co. on 
the Ottawa river. 

BUCKLAND, t. Franklin co. Mass. 10 m. 
WSW. from Greenfield, 105 WNW. from Bos- 
ton. Pop. 1,039. 

BUCKLAND, t. Prince William co. Va. 40 
m. from W. 

BUCKLAND, t. Hertford co. L.C. on the 
right side of St. Lawrence r. 20 m. SE. from 
Quebec. 

BUCKLAND, t. Wayne co. Mich. 

BUCKLESTOWN, t. Berkeley co. Va. 8 m. 
from Martinsburg. 

BUCKNERSVILLE, v. Christian co. Ken. 
223 m. SW. from Frankfort. 

BUCK'S CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into 
the Cumberland r. Lon. 84° 25' W. ; lat. 36° 
46' N. 

BUCK'S HARBOR, bay of the Atlantic, on 
S. coast of Maine, in the U. S., W. of Machias 
bay. Lon. 63° 34' W. ; lat. 41° 42' N. 

BUCKS, co. Pa. on the Delaware r. bounded 
SW. by Philadelphia and Montgomery, NW. 
by Lehigh and Northampton, and on the NE. 
and SE. separated from N. J. by the Delaware 
r. ; length 37 m. mean width 16 m. area 600 
sq. ms. ; the surface hilly, or rather roUing, 
and delightfully variegated ; soil in general ex- 
cellent. Staples, grain, flour, whiskey, fruit, 
cider., hay, and a great variety of other articles 
of minor importance. Besides the Delaware 
it is watered by the Neshaminy and Tochicon 
creeks, both fine mill streams ; the Perkiomen 
also rises in Bucks co. It is abundant in mills, 
and presents the aspect of a well cultivated 
and flourishing co. Chief towns, Doylestown, 
Newtown, and Bristol. Pop. in 1820, 37,842 ; 
in 1830, 45,740. 

BUCKSKIN, t. Ross co. Ohio. 

BUCKSPORT, t. Hancock co. Me. on the 
E. bank of the Penobscot, 17 m. above Castine. 
It is a maritime town, and has a consid- 
erable trade. Pop. 2,237. It is pleasantly 
situated, and has a good harbor with sufficient 
depth of water for the largest ships. 



210 



BUC-—BUL 



BUCKSTOWN, t. Dorchester co. Md. 8 m. 
SE. from Cambridge. 

BUENAIRE, isl. in the W. Indies, belong- 
ing to the Dutch. It is 52 in. E. from Cura- 
coa. Lon. 67° 36' W. ; lat. 12° 26' N. 

BUENAVENTURA, r. of Mexico, entering 
the Pacific Ocean, in New California, at 36° 
N. lat. and 44° W. lon. from W. This river 
rises in the high mountain chain of Chippe- 
wan, between N. lat. 40° and 42°, interlocking 
sources with Lewis' Platte, and Rio Grande 
del Norte. Pursuing a south-western course 
of 700 m. it is lost in the Pacific. We have 
given the position and extent of this stream 
from Tanner's Map of Mexico. 

BUFFALO, t. port of entry and cap. Erie 
co. N. Y. 22 m. S. from the Falls of Niagara, 
90 ENE. from Presque Isle, 222 NNE. from 
Pittsburg, 250 E. from Sandusky, 291 W. from 
Albany, 431 from W. Pop. 8,653. It is a 
pleasant and very thriving town, and contains 
a court-house, a jail, a bank, and has a con- 
siderable trade. Two weekly newspapers are 
published here. This town was burnt by the 
British during the late war, but has since been 
rebuilt in an improved style. Being situated 
on the best channel of intercourse between the 
Atlantic and the regions of the west, Buffalo is 
destined to become a great emporium of trade. 
The town is built on the NE. side of Buffalo 
creek, a considerable mill stream which joins 
the lake half a mile below. The depth of 
water in Buffalo creek is sufficient for a har- 
bor, being 12 or 14 feet for a mile from its 
mouth, and the breadth from 12 to 16 rods. 
Its only obstruction is the sand and gravel at 
its mouth, driven in by gales of wind. To pre- 
vent the sand from thus accumulating, a pier 
of 1000 feet in length has been built, which 
admits vessels drawing 6 or 7 feet water to 
enter the harbor. 

BUFFALO, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 570. 

BUFFALO, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 
1,416. 

BUFFALO, t. Armstrong co.Pa. Pop. 1,150. 

BUFFALO, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 375. 

BUFFALO, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 285. 

BUFFALO, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. 696. 

BUFFALO, v. Mason co. Va. 389 m. from W. 

BUFFALO, v. Lincoln co. N. C. 454 m. 
from W. 

BUFFALO, t. Union co. Pa. 

BUFFALO, t. Perry co. Pa. 

BUFFALO, t. Pike co. Miso. 

BUFFALO, t. Erie co. N. Y. 

BUFFALO, East, t. Northumberland co. Pa. 

BUFFALO, West, t. Northumb. co. Pa. 

BUFFALO, r. Niagara co. N. Y. which runs 
into the Niagara r. at the outlet of lake Erie, 
and at the village of Buffalo. 

BUFFALO, r. Northumberland co. Pa. 
which runs into W. branch of the Susquehan- 
nah, a little above Lewisburg. 

BUFFALO, r. Tennessee, which runs SW. 
into the Tennessee. Lat. 35° 10' N. 

BUFFALO, r. Louisiana, which runs into 
the Mississippi, above the Illinois. 

BUFFALO, r. Louisiana, which runs into 
the Red River. 



BUFFALO, r. Mis. which runs S. of W. and 
flows into the Mississippi, at Loftus Heights, 
2 m. above Fort Adams. 

BUFFALO, small r. Mis. in Wilkinson co. 
its course is nearly W. 40 m. falls into the Mis- 
sissippi 9 m. below the mouth of Homochitto. 
The soil watered by this stream is generally 
hilly, but fertile, producing cotton and maize 
in abundance. 

BUFFALO, small branch of White r. Ark. 

BUFFALO, small stream, Mecklenburg eo. 
Va. falls into the Roanoke in the SW. angle 
of the co. On this creek is a post-office, 120 
m. SW. from Richmond. 

BUFFALO CREEK, r. Va which runs into 
the Ohio, above Wheeling. 

BUFFALO CREEK, r. N. C. which runs 
into Broad r. Lon. 81° 46' W. ; lat. 35° 12' N. 

BUFFALO CREEK, Geo. runs into the 
Oconee, 30 or 40 m. below Milledgeville. 

BUFFALO FORK, Arkansas, rises near 
the N. bank of the Arkansas r. and running 
180 m. NE. joins White r 700 m. above its 
mouth. 

BUFFALO CREEK, Va. and Pa. rises in 
Washington co. of the latter, and falls into the 
Ohio r. at Wellsburg, Brooke co. of the former. 

BUFFALO LAKE, N. A. near the Copper 
Mine r. in lon. 111° W. ; lat. 67° 12' N. 

BUFFALO SHOAL, t. Iredell co. N. C. 120 
m. from Raleigh. 

BUFFORD'S BRIDGE, v. Barnwell dis- 
trict, S. C. 

BULA, v. Alleghany co. Pa. 233 m. from W, 

BULLET, co. Ken. on the Ohio. 

BULLET LICK, salt lick in Bullet co. Ken. 
20 m. from the rapids of the Ohio. 

BULLETSBURG, t. Boone co. Ken. 517 m. 
from W. 

BULL HILL, mt. in the Highlands, N. Y. 
near the Hudson. Height, 1,391 feet. 

BULL ISLAND, S. C. one of the 3 islands 
which form the N. part of Charleston harbor, 
near the coast. 

BULLITT, eo. Ken. bounded by the Ohio r. 
W., Salt r. SW., Nelson S., Shelby E., and Jef- 
ferson N. ; length, 30 m. ; mean width, 10; 
area, 300 sq. bis. ; surface hilly, and soil, though 
varied, generally productive. Staples, grain, 
flour and salted provisions. Chief town, Shep- 
pardsville. Pop. 5,660. Lat. 38° N. ; lon. 8° 30' 
W. from W. 

BULLOCK, co. Geo. bounded by Bryan SE., 
Tatnall SW., Emanuel NW., and Scriven and 
Effingham NE. ; length, 45 m. ; mean breadth,, 
12 ; area, 540 sq. ms. Surface part level, and 
part hilly ; soil of middling quality. Staples,, 
grain, cotton, tobacco, &e. Chief town„ States- 
borough. Pop. 2,586. Lat. 32° 30' N. ; lon. 
5° W. from W. 

BULL'S BAY, on the E. coast of New- 
foundland, nearly due E. 60 m. from Placentia, 
Lon. from W. 24° 30' E. ; lat. 47° 20' N. 

BULLSKIN, t. Fayette co. Pa. on NE. side 
of the Youghiogany. 

BULLSKIN, r. Ohio, which flows into the 
Ohio, in Clermont co. 

BULLTOWN, v. Lewis co. Va. 372 m. NW. 
from Richmond. 



BU L— BUR 



211 



BULSTRODE, t. Buckingham co. L. C. 20 
m. SE. from Three Rivers. 

BUNCOMBE, co. N. C. bounded by S.C. S., 
Haywood W., Ten. NW, Ashe NE., Burke 
and Rutherford E. ; length, 85 m. ; mean width, 
25; area, 2,125 sq. ms. Surface generally 
hilly and mountainous, and soil rocky, though 
in part fertile. Stanles, grain and flour. Chief 
town. Ashville. Pop. 16,259. 

BUNGAH-QUOHEM, lake, Maine, 35 m. 
N. from Moosehead lake. 

BUNKER HILL, a steep height occupying 
the centre of the peninsula upon which stands 
the town of Charlestown, Mass. The southern 
extremity offers a less abrupt eminence de- 
tached from the main height, and properly 
called Breed's Hill. Here was fought on the 
17th of June, 1775, the celebrated battle known 
as the Battle of Bunker Hill. Gen. Warren 
fell in the action, and the Americans finally 
retreated from the spot, but the British suffered 
the loss of nearly half their men and were un- 
able to make the least use of their advantage. 
To perpetuate the memory of this obstinate 
struggle between the undisciplined militia of 
New England and the veterans of Britain, a 
noble monument has been commenced on the 
spot, and is now about one third finished. It 
is a plain obelisk of granite, and will be 220 
feet high. 

BURDETTE, v. Tompkins co. N. Y. by the 
postroad 277 m. W. from Albany. 

BURFORD, t. Oxford co. U. C. between 
Windham and Dun das-street. 

BURGESS, t. Leeds co. U. C. north from 
Bastard. 

BURGETTSTOWN, t. Washington co. Pa. 
248 m. from W. 

BURGOE'S GAP, v. Huntingdon co. Pa. 
209 m. from W. 

BURKE, co. W. part of N. C. Pop. 17,727. 
Chief town, Morgantown. 

BURKE, co. N. part of Geo. Pop. 11,833. 
Chief town, Waynesborough. 

BURKE, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 20 m. NNE. 
from Danville, 45 NE. from Montpelier, 534 
from W. Pop. 866. 

BURKE'S CANAL, inlet on the NW. coast 
of America, formed by King's Island on the 
N. and New Albion on the S. Lon. 232° 10' 
E. ; lat. 51° 57' N. 

BURKE'S GARDEN, v. Tazewell co. Va. 
300 m. WSW. from Richmond. 

BURKSVILLE, t. Cumberland co. Ken. 
about 50 m. E. from Bowling Green, 708 m. 
from W. It is the chief town of the county, 
and contains a bank. 

BURLINGTON, t. Bradford co. Pa. 

BURLINGTON, t. Belmont co. Ohio, on the 
Ohio r. 4 m. above Wheeling in Kentucky, 10 
NE. from St. Clairsville. 

BURLINGTON, Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 
489. 

BURLINGTON, t. and cap. Lawrence co. 
Ohio, on the Ohio r. 75 m. SE. from Chilicothe, 
120 from Columbus. Pop. 140. 

BURLINGTON, t. port of entry and cap. 
Chittenden co. Vt. on a bay of the same name 
in lake Champlain, 20 m. SSE. from Plattsburg, 



31 N. from Middlebury, 38 WNW. from Mont- 
pelier, 70 N. from Whitehall, 198 NW. from 
Boston, 501 from W. Lon. 73° 15' W. ; lat. 
44° 28' N. Pop. 3,526, The village is very 
finely situated, lying in the form of a parallel- 
ogram, having its shortest side on the lake 100 
rods in length, the other extending back up a 
gradual ascent a mile from the water. It con- 
tains a court-house, a jail, an academy, a uni- 
versity, and 2 handsome Congregational meet- 
ing-houses. At the falls of Onion r. there are 
a woollen manufactory, a cotton manufactory, 
a paper mill, an oil mill, and other valuable 
mills. Burlington is a flourishing town, and 
of more commercial importance than any other 
in the state. The University of Vermont was 
incorporated in 1791. The college edifice is a 
spacious and elegant brick building, 4 stories 
high, 160 feet long, 75 wide in the central part, 
and 45 on the wings, containing a chapel, 7 
rooms for public uses, and 46 for students. It 
is finely situated on the east side of the village, 
one mile distant from lake Champlain, on an 
elevation of 330 feet above the surface of the 
water, and commands an extensive and de- 
lightful prospect of the lake, with its islands, 
of the high mountains along the western shore, 
and the surrounding country. The president's 
house, belonging to the university, is a hand- 
some building of wood. The library contains 
8 or 900 volumes. The philosophical appa- 
ratus is tolerably complete. The funds of the 
institution consist chiefly in lands, amounting 
to about 40,000 acres; but a small part of 
which is yet leased. The board of trustees is 
composed of the governor of the state, the 
speaker of the house of representatives, and 
the president of the university, ex officiis, to- 
gether with 15 gentlemen chosen by the legis- 
lature and holding their offices 9 years, but 
capable of a reappointment. Five new ap- 
pointments are made every 3 years. The ex- 
ecutive government consists of a president, 5 
professors, 1 of languages, 1 of mathematics 
and natural philosophy, 1 of surgery and the 
theory and practice of physic, 1 of anatomy 
and physiology, and 1 of chemistry, and 2 tu- 
tors. The number of students is 36. The 
studies of which a knowledge is necessary for 
admission, are the whole of Virgil, Cicero's Se- 
lect Orations, the Greek Testament, and Arith- 
metic. The following is the course of study : 
1st year, Sallust, Cicero de Senectate and de 
Amicitia, Horace, Grasca Minora, part of Graeca 
Maiora, Clark's Introduction, Neilson's Greek 
Exercises, Adams' Antiquities, Murray's Gram- 
mar, Blair's Lectures, and Arithmetic ; 2d 
year, Cicero de Oratore, Livy five first books, 
Gra?ca Majora to the end, Elements of French, 
Geography, Logic, Webber's Mathematics, 
Simson's Euclid, and Walker's Rhetorical 
Grammar ; 3d year, Tacitus' History, Cicero 
de Officiis, Enfield's Philosophy, Kaimes' Ele- 
ments of Criticism, Paley's Moral Philosophy, 
and Chemistry; 4th year, Locke on the Human 
Understanding, Stewart's Philosophy, Butler's 
Analogy, Paley's Evidences, Vincent's Cate- 
chism, Vattel's Law of Nations, Homer's Iliad, 
Campbell's PMlosophy of Rhetoric, and El- 



213 



BUR — BUS 



emcnt3 of Hebrew, For tuition-, room rent, 
and library, each student pays $16 a year ; for 
board, from $1,50 to 1,75 a week. The com- 
mencement is on the 2d Wednesday in Aug. 
There are only two vacations ; one from com- 
mencement, 4 weeks ; the other from the 2d 
Wednesday in December, 9 weeks. The ex- 
ercises of this institution were suspended for 
two years during- the late war, and the stu- 
dents were all dismissed. In August, 1815, it 
was reorganized. 

BURLINGTON, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 12 
m. NNW. from Boston, 476 from W. Pop. 486. 

BURLINGTON, t. Hartford co.Ct. 16 m. W. 
from Hartford, 342 from W. Pop. 1.301. 

BURLINGTON, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 12 m. 
W, from Cooperstown, 78 W. from Albany, 
366 from W. Pop. 2,459. It is a good agri- 
cultural town, and contains 4 houses for public 
worship. 

BURLINGTON, co. N. J. on the Atlantic, 
and extending NW. to Delaware r. Pop. 31,066. 
Chief towns, Mount-Holly and Burlington. 

BURLINGTON, city, port of entry, and 
cap. Burlington co. N. J. on Delaware r. oppo- 
site Bristol, 11 m. below Trenton, 17 above Phil- 
adelphia. It was settled in 1677. It contains 
a court-house and jail, 4 houses of public wor- 
ship, an academy, two flourishing boarding 
schools, 1 for boys and 1 for girls, a public libra- 
ry, and has some considerable manufactures. 

BURLINGTON, t. Geauga co. Ohio. 

BURLINGTON, v. and seat of justice, Law- 
rence co. Ohio, on the N. bank of the Ohio r. 
at the S. extremity of the co. 75 m. SE. from 
Chilicothe, and 110 SE. from Columbus. Lat. 
38° 30' N. ; Ion. 5° 27' W. from W. 

BURLINGTON, v. Greene co. In. on the 
W. fork of White r. 50 m. NE. from Vincen- 
nes, and by the postroad 72 m. SW. from Co- 
lumbus. 

BURLINGTON, v. Boone co. Ken. 14 m. 
SW. from Cincinnati, and by the postroad 83 
m. a little E. of N. from Frankfort. 

BURLINGTON, t. Lycoming co. Pa. 

BURLINGTON BAY, forming the extreme 
W. part of lake Ontario, or rather a separate 
lake, as the surf has thrown up a bar of sand 
and pebbles. Over the outlet, a good bridge 
hzis been crsctcd. 

BURNCOAT ISLAND, t. Hancock co. Me. 
Pop. 218. 

BURNING SPRINGS, the name given to 
certain springs in the W. part of the state of 
N. Y. chiefly in the towns of Bristol, Middle- 
sex, and Canandaigua. They emit gas which 
may be set on fire. At Bristol the gas rises 
from the clefts of the slate rocks on the mar- 
gin of a brook, and here it burns continually 
with a steady flame. Where it rises through 
the water it is formed into bubbles and flashes 
when the flame is applied. In Middlesex, the 
springs lie along a tract about a mile in length, 
partly at the bottom of a valley. The gas 
arises from the summits of" little hillocks of a 
dark bituminous mould, and burns with a 
steady flame. In winter, when these hillocks 
are covered with snow, openings are made 
through it, and the gas, when set on fire, burns 



in contact with the snow. Sometimes tubes 
of ice are formed about the currents of gas, 
and rise to the height of several feet ; when 
several of these are lighted at once in a still 
evening, the illumination produces a most bril- 
liant effect. There is another burning spring 
upon Niagara river, about half a mile above 
the falls, and within a few feet of the rapids , 
the water is charged with sulphuretted hydro- 
gen gas. In the SE. part of lake Erie, about 
20 rods from the shore, is a burning spring- 
rising from the bottom of the lake. The water 
is here 4 or 5 feet deep, and the stream from 
the spring- is thrown to the surface with con- 
siderable force. When a brand is applied to 
the water, it bursts into a flame. If drunk, it 
proves a powerful emetic. 

BURNT CABINS, Bedford co. Pa. 
BURNT CORN, t. and seat of justice, Mon- 
roe co. Alabama. 

BURNT ISLAND, small island in the At- 
lantic, near the coast of Maine. Lon. 68° 15' 
W. ; lat. 44° 9' N. 

BURNT ISLAND, on the S. coast of New- 
foundland, 15 m. ESE. from Cape Ray. Lon. 
58° 50' W. ; lat. 47° 30' N. 

BURNTLODGE, r. N. A. which runs into 
the Missouri, 6 m. W. from Bratlon's r. 

BURR ILL VILLE, t. Providence co. R. I. 
in the NW. corner of the state ; about 24 m. 
WNW. from Providence. It contains a bank 
and several cotton manufactories. 

BURRTOWN, t. Rutherford co. N. C. 498 
m. from W. 

BURTON, t. Strafford co. N. H. 88 m. 
NNW. from Portsmouth. 

BURTON, t. Geauga co. Ohio, on the Cuy- 
ahoga, about 10 m. SE. from Chardon, 342 
from W. Here is an academy. 

BURTON, t. Sunbury co. N. Brmiswick, on 
the W. side of St. Johns river. 

BURTON, t. Washington co. Miso. 
BURTONSVILLE, v. Orange co. Va. 108 
m. from W. 

BURTUSH, harbor, on the NE. coast of N. 
Brunswick, 15 or 20 m. from the S. extremity 
BURTZTOWN, v. Northampton co. Pa. 
BURY, t. Buckingham co. L. C. 70 or 80 
m. SE. from Three Rivers. 

BUSH, r. Md. which runs into Chesapeake 
bay, below Hartford. 

BUSH CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the 
Delaware, in S. part of Wayne co. 
BUSHKILL, t. Northampton co. Pa. 
BUSHKILL, creek, Northampton co. Pa. 
falling into the Delaware r. at Easton. It is 
between 20 and 30 m. long, and one of the 
finest mill streams in the state. 

BUSHVILLE, v. Franklin co. Geo. by the 
postroad 126 m. N. from Milledgeville. 

BUSHWICK, t. Kings co. Long Island, N. 
Y. on the N. side of Brooklyn, and on East 
River. Pop. 1,620. 

BUSKIRK'S BRIDGE, v. Washington co. 
N. Y. 432 m. from W. 

BUSTARD, r. L. C. enters the St, Lawrence 
near Manicouigan Point. 

BUSTI, v. Chatauque co. N. Y. 350 m. a 
little S. of W. from Albany. 



BUS — CAB 



213 



BUSTLETOWN, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. 14 
m. NE. from Philada. Here is an academy. 

BUTLER, co. Pa. between the Alleghany 
and Beaver rivers, bounded S. by Alleghany, 
W. by Beaver, NW. by Mercer, N. by Venango, 
and E. by Armstrong ; length, 35 m. ; mean 
width, 24 ; area, 840 sq. ms. ; surface hilly, but 
soil generally fertile and well watered. Chief - 
town, Butler. Pop. 14,683. 

BUTLER, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. in 1820, 
472. 

BUTLER, bor. and cap. of Butler co. Pa. 
Pop. in 1810, 225. 

BUTLER, co. Ken. on Green r. bounded S. 
by Logan, W. by Muhlenberg, NW. by Ohio, 
NE. by Grayson, and SE. by Warren ; length 
33 m. ; mean width, 25 ; area, 825 sq. ms. ; sur- 
face gently waving or hilly ; soil fertile. Sta- 
ples, grain, flour, fruit, live stock, and salted 
provisions. Chief town, Morgantown. Pop. 
3,055. Lat. 37° 30' ; Ion. 9° 30' W. from W. 

BUTLER, co. Ala. bounded S. by Cunecuh, 
W. by Monroe and Wilcox, N. by Montgome- 
ry, and E. by Henry ; length, 63 m. ; mean 
width, 30 ; area, 1900 sq. ms. ; surface gener- 
ally flat or gently rolling, with a thin soil, ex- 
cept along the streams. Staple, cotton. Pop. 
5,634. Lat. 31° 45' ; Ion. 9° 30' W. from W. 

BUTLER, co. Ohio, bounded on the N. by 
Preble and Montgomery co«. E. by Warren 
co. S. by Hamilton co. and W. by Ind. It is 
27 m. long from E. to W. by 18 broad from N. 
to S. containing 480 sq. ms. The land is 
mostly of an excellent quality for farming. 
Chief town, Hamilton. Pop. 27,044. Lat. 
39° 30' ; Ion. 7° 30' W. from V/. 

BUTLER, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. 

BUTTER, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 1820, 323. 

BUTTER, t. Montgomery co. Ohio. Pop. 
in 1820, 1,646. 

BUTTERHILL, mt. N. Y. on W. side of 
the Hudson, opposite to Breakneck Hill, 3 m. 
below Newburgh. Height, 1,432 feet. 

BUTTER ISLAND, t. Hancock co. Maine. 
Pop. in 1810, 10 ; in 1820, 11. 

BUTTERMILK FALLS, Luzerne co. Pa. 
so called from the color of the water ; below 
it is a fall of about 15 feet, over a rock formed 
by a creek of the same name, on which are 
some fine mills. 

BUTTERNUTS, t. Otsego co. N. Y. on the 
Unadilla, 21 m. SW. from Cooperstown, 87 W. 
from Albany, 343 from W. Pop. 3,991. It is 
a good agricultural town, and contains a forge 
for making bar iron, and some water works. 

BUTTERNUTS, r. N. Y. which runs into 
the Unadilla, in Oxford. Length, 30 m. 

BUTTON'S BAY, the N. part of Hudson's 
Bay, through which attempts have been made 
to discover a NW. passage to China. It is so 
called from Sir Thomas Button, who here lost 
his ship, and came back in a sloop built in the 
country. It lies between 60° and 66° N. lat. 

BUTTON'S ISLAND, in Hudson's Strait. 

BUXTON, t. York co. Maine, on E. side of 
the Saco, opposite Hollis, 8 m. NW. from Saco, 
40 NNE. from York, 118 NNW. from Boston, 
569 from W. Pop. 2,856. It is a considerable 
town. 



BUZZARD'S BAY, on S. coast of Mass, 
opposite Barnstable Bay. It is 30 m. long v 
and 7 wide. Lon. 70° 33' to 71° 10' W. lat. 
41° 25' to 41° 42' N. 

BYBERRY, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. 

BYFIELD, a village in Essex co. Mass. 5 
m. SW. from Newburyport. It is situated 
round the head of the tide on the river Parker, 
and between this and Mdl river. It contains 
a cotton and woollen manufactory, and a num- 
ber of valuable mills. Dummer Academy, 
which is well endowed, and has a good library, 
is in this parish, near Newburyport turnpike. 
Near the meeting-house there is a respectable 
seminary for the instruction of young ladies in 
the higher branches of education. 

BYRA, t. Cape Girardeau co. Miso. 

BYRAM, t. Sussex co. N. J. It adjoins to 
Newtown. 

BYRAM, r. which rises in N. Y. and runs 
into Long Island Sound. It forms, for a short 
distance, the boundary between N. York and 
Connecticut. 

BYRNVILLE, t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 31 
m. W. from Albany. 

BYRON, v. Genesee co. N. Y. Pop. 1,939. 

C. 

CAAMANA, Cape, on the NW. coast of 
America. Lon. 228° 17' E. lat. 55° 29' N. 

CABARITA, isl. off Jamaica. Lon. 76° 
40' W. lat. 18° 24' N. 

CABARRAS, a small co. situated in the in- 
terior of N. Carolina, lying W. of the Yadkin 
river. Pop. 8,796. Chief town, Concord, 143 
m. WSW. of Raleigh. 

CABARRAS COURT-HOUSE, Cabarras 
co. N. Carolina. 

CABBAGE INLET, channel between two 
small islands, on the coast of N. Carolina, 
communicating with New river. Lon. 78° 7' 
W. lat. 34° 3' N. 

CABELL, co. Va. bounded by Ohio river 
NW. Mason and Kenhawa NE. Giles and 
Tazewell SE. and by Kent, or Big Sandy river 
SW. Length 50 m. mean width 35 ; area 
1,750 sq. ms. It is a mountainous, hilly, and 
rocky region, with much fertile soil, well wa- 
tered and wooded. Pop. 5,884. 

CABELLSBURG, or New-Glasgow, t. Am- 
herst co. Va.; 28 m. ENE. Madison, 195 
from W. 

CABIN CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into 
the Ohio. 

CABIN POINT, t. Surrey co. Va. on Upper 
Chipoak creek ; 26 m. ESE. Petersburg, 171 
from W. 

CABOT, t. Caledonia co. Vt. ; 9 m. W. Dan- 
ville, 19 NE. Montpelier, 534 from W. Pop. 
1,304. It is on the height of land between the 
Connecticut and Lake Champlain. 

CABOT'S HEAD, U. C. very large pro- 
montory running into Lake Huron, W. of 
Gloucester, or Matchedash Bay, and embays a 
large part of that lake at its easternmost ex- 
tremity, stretching itself towards the Manitou 
islands. 

CABO DE CRUZ, point on the S. side of 
Cuba. Lat. 19° 48' N. 



214 



CAB— CAL 



CAEO DE ST. JUAN, the NE. point of 
Porto Rico. Lat. 18° 24' N. 

CABRON, Cape, St. Domingo. Lat. 19° 
S3' N. 

CACHE, t. Arkansas Territory, on White 
river, 52 m. W. of the mouth of St. Francis 
river. 

CACHED, t. in Negroland, seated on the r. 
St. Domingo. It is subject to the Portuguese, 
who have three forts, and carry on a great 
trade in flax and slaves. Lon. 14° 55' E. lat. 
12° N. 

CACKLE Y'S t. Bath co. Va. postroad 211 
m. NW. by W. from Richmond. 

CADIZ, t. and cap. Harrison co. Ohio, 16 
m. NW. St. Clairsville, 25 W. Steubenville, 302 
from W. It is a thriving town, and contains 
the county buildings. 

CADIZ, v. and seat of justice of Trigg co. 
Ken. on Little river, postroad 232 m. SW. 
Frankfort. 

CADO, r. Arkansas Territory, one of the 
branches of Little Red river. 

CADO, t. Clark co. Arkansas. 

CADRON, or Quadrant, t. and cap. Pulaski 
co. Arkansas, laid out on a high and rocky 
spot on the N. side of the river Arkansas at the 
mouth of a small creek of the same name, 150 
m. by land from the town of Arkansas. Here 
is a convenient harbor for boats. 

CAESAR'S CREEK, t. Green co. Ohio. 

CAT! ABA, co. Ala. bounded W. by Tucka- 
loosa, N. by Shelby, E. by the Coosa river, and 
S. by Montgomery and Dallas. Length 55, 
breadth 43 m. ; area 2,265 sq. ms. 

CAHABON, t. Mexico, 25 m. W. from Vera 
Paz. 

CAHAWBA, Kahawba, or Cabo, r. Ala. 
which, after a southerly course, unites with 
the Alabama, 160 m. below its forks, the Coosa 
and Tallapoosa ; and 210 above its junction 
with the TOmbigbee. 

_ CAHAWBA, t. Ala. Dallas co. at the junc- 
tion of the river Cahawba with the Alabama, 
77 m. in a right line NE. St. Stephens. It 
was laid out in 1818. 

CAHNAWAGA, v. in Johnstown, N. Y. 
near the Mohawk ; 39 m. NW. Albany, 

CAHOKIA, t. St. Clair co. II. about 1 m. E. 
of the Mississippi ; 5 m. below St. Louis, 20 
N. Harrisonville, 52 NNW. Kaskaskia, 978 
from W. It is a French village. 

CAHOOS FALLS, in Mohawk river, 3 m. 
above its mouth. The river here is about 1 ,000 
feet wide ; the rock over which it pours, ex- 
tends across the river obliquely from SW. to 
NE. and is 70 feet high. From the bridge f 
of a mile below, the falls are in full view. 

CAICOS, cluster of islands between St. Do- 
mingo and the Bahamas. The largest, called 
the Grand Caico, is due N. from St Domingo. 
Lat. 21° N. 

CAIMAN'S, or more correctly Cayman's, 
a group of small islands in the Caribbean sea, 
to the NW. of Jamaica. Lon. 5° W. from W. 
lat. 19° 15' N. 

CAIMITES, 3 islands near the west coast 
of Hispaniola. 



CA-IRA, v. Cumberland co. Va. ; 62 m. W. 
from Richmond, 185 from W. 

CAIRO, or Canton, t. Greene co. N. Y. ; 11 
m. W. Athens, 340 from W. Pop. 2,912. It 
is a considerable town, and has some iron 
works. 

CAIRO, t. Alexander co. II. at the junction 
of the Ohio with the Mississippi, 80 m. S. Kas- 
kaskias. 

CAIRO, t. Lancaster co. S. C; 468 m. 
from W. 

CAIRO, or Cragfont, t. Sumner co. Ten. 
on the Cumberland"; 30 m. E. Nashville, 722 
from W. 

CALAIS, t. Washington co. Maine. Pop. 
1,686. 

CALAIS, t. Washington co. Vt.; 11 m. 
NE. Montpelier, 538 from W. Pop. 1,539. It 
is an excellent agricultural town, and contains 
a nail manufactory, and valuable mills. 

CALAIS, or Scoodic Falls, t. Washington 
co. Me. on the St. Croix ; 68 m. NE. Machias, 
418 NE. Boston, 843 from W. Pop. 1,686. 

CALCASIU, r. La. which rises several m. 
S. of Natchitoches, and pursuing a S. course, 
passes through a lake of the same name, and 
3 m. below the lake flows into the Gulf of Mexi- 
co, lat. 29° 36' N. Lake Calcasiu is about 30 
m. long, and 10 or 12 (where widest) broad. 

CALDWELL, an interior co. in the western 
part of Kentucky, bounded on the SW. by the 
great Cumberland river. Pop. 8,332. Eddy- 
ville, on the N. bank of the river, about 30 m. 
above its entrance into the Ohio, and 200 SW. 
of Frankfort, is the chief town. 

CALDWELL, or Fort George, t. and cap. 
Warren co. N. Y. at S. end of Lake George ; 
62 m. N. Albany, 415 from W. Pop. 797. 
This is becoming a place of resort, on account 
of the beautiful scenery around Lake George. 

CALDWELL, t. Essex co. N. J. It ad- 
joins to Newark. 

CALDWELL'S BRIDGE, v. Franklin co. 
Ten. 

CALEDONIA, co. E. side of Vt. bounded 
N. by Essex co. E. by Connecticut river, S. by 
Orange co. and W. by Washington and Or- 
leans cos. Pop. 20,967. Chief towns, Dan- 
ville and Peacham. 

CALEDONIA, t. Livingston co. N. Y. W. 
from Genesee river, on the road from Avon to 
Batavia, 30 m. W. from Canandaigua, and 17 
E. from Batavia. Gypsum abounds in the 
township. Pop. 1820, 2,645. 

CALEDONIA, t. Livingston co. N. Y. ly- 
ing to the W. of Genesee river, and S. of Erie 
canal, 245 m. W. of Albany. Big Spring, re- 
markable for the abundance of its waters, is in 
this township. Pop. 1,618. 

CALEDONIA, v. Washington co. Miso. 

CALEDONIA, t. Genesee co. N. Y. on the 
W. side of the Genesee ; 10 m. E. from Bata- 
via, 246 W. from Albany, 378 from W. Pop. 
2,355. 

CALEMUT, or Salamaine, r. Ind. which 
runs into the Wabash, 12 m. E. from Eel 
Town, 

CALEMICK, Big and Little t 2 small rivers 



CAL— CAM 



215 



which empty into Lake Michigan, at its 
southern bend. 

CALF PASTURE RIVER, r. Va. which 
runs into James river, below Lexington. 

CALHOUN, t. Ten. on the north side of 
the Hiwassee, directly opposite the Cherokee 
Agency. 

CALHOUN, v M'Minn co. Ten. on Hi- 
wassee river, postroad 130 m. SE. from Mur- 
freesborough, and about 75 m. SW. from Knox- 
ville. 

CALHOUNSVILLE, v. Mifflin co. Pa. 52 
m. NW. from Harrisburg. 

CALIAQUA, port of the W. Indies, in the 
W. part of St. Vincents, 

CALIFORNIA, Old, a province of Mexico. 
It is a peninsula, extending from the bay of 
All-Saints, in lat. 32°, to Cape St. Lucas in lat. 
22° 48' N. and bounded N. by New California, 
E. by the Gulf of California, and W. by the 
Pacific. A ridge of mountains runs through 
the centre of the peninsula. The soil is gene- 
rally barren. The Jesuits made the first es- 
tablishment here in 1742. Since their expul- 
sion, the Dominican monks of the city of 
Mexico have had charge of the missions. The 
country contains 55,000 sq. ms. but in 1803 
only 9,000 inhabitants. The population has 
much diminished within the last 40 years, 
owing to the ravages of the small-pox. 

CALIFORNIA, New, a province of Mexico, 
which extends from the isthmus of Old Cali- 
fornia, or the bay of Todos Santos, to Cape 
Mendocino, in N. lat. 40° 19'. It is a narrow 
tract of country, 600 m. long, and contains 
16,000 sq. ms. The soil is as well watered and 
fertile, as that of Old California is arid and 
stony. The climate is more mild than in the 
same latitude on the eastern coast. Good 
wine is now made in most of the villages es- 
tablished by the Spaniards along the coast S. 
and N. of Monterey, to beyond 37° N. lat. The 
European olive is also successfully cultivated 
in several of the settlements. The country 
abounds in fish and game of every description : 
hares, rabbits, and stags are very common; 
seals and otters are also found in prodigious 
numbers. There are 18 missionary settle- 
ments, formed by the Spaniards on the coast, 
which, within a few years, have made great 
progress in population. 

CALL ABASH BAY, on the S. coast of Ja- 
maica. Lon. 77° 25' E. lat. 17° 53' N. 

CALLAGHAN'S, v. Bath co. Va. 

CALLAHPOEWAH, Indians, in W. part 
of N. America, on the Multnomah. No. 2,000. 

CALLAND'S STORE, Pittsylvania co. Pa. 

CALLAND'S STORE, t. Pittsylvania co. 
Va. 188 m. SW. from Richmond. 

CALLAWAY, a co. of Kentucky. Pop. 
5,159. Wadesborough is the chief town. 

CALN, East, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 974. 

CALN, West, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 
1,003. 

CALUMAZEE, r. Michigan, runs into 
Lake Michigan, N. of Black rivet 
CALUMEL, t. Pike co. Miso. 
CALUMET, Grand, on the Ottawa river, 



on the south side, above the Portage de Mon- 
tague, U. C. 

CALUMET, Point au, on Lake Superior, 
U. C. on the N. shore, the first point W. of r. 
Du Chene, between which places the coast, 
consisting of perpendicular rocks, is dangerous. 

CALVERT, co. Md. ; bounded N. by Anne 
Arundel co. E. by Chesapeake Bay, SW. by 
St. Mary's co. and W. by Prince George co. 
Pop. 8,899. Chief town, Prince Frederick. 

CAMBAHEE, r. S. C. which is formed by 
two branches, called North and South Salt- 
ketcher, and runs into St. Helena Sound. 

CAMBRAY, or Governeur, t. N. Y. in St. 
Lawrence co. on the Oswegatchie river. 

CAMBRIA, t. Niagara co. N. Y. on E. side 
of the Niagara. Pop. 1,712. It is 28 m. long, 
and 16 broad, and contains the post-villages 
of Manchester, Lewiston, and Fort Niagara, 
which see. 

CAMBRIA, co. Pa. ; bounded N. by Clear- 
field co. E. by Huntingdon and Bedford cos. 
S. by Somerset co. and W. by Westmoreland 
and Indiana cos. Pop. 7,079. Chief town, 
Ebensburg. 

CAMBRIA, t. Cambria co. Pa. Pop. 868. 

CAMBRIDGE, t. Franklin co. Vt. ; 35 m. 
NNW. from Montpelier, 514 from W. Pop. 
990. 

CAMBRIDGE, t. Coos co. N. H. ; watered 
by the Androscoggin ; 25 m. NE. Lancaster. 

CAMBRIDGE, v. and seat of justice, Dor- 
chester co. Md. on the Choptank river. Lat. 
38° 40' N. lon. 1° 3' E. of W. 

CAMBRIDGE, v. Abbeville district, S. C. 
150 m. NW. from Charleston. It contains 60 
or 70 houses, and from 250 to 350 inhabitants. 

CAMBRIDGE, t. and cap. Guernsey co, 
Ohio, on Wills creek, 25 m. E. from Zanes 
ville, 85 from Columbus. Lat. 40° 4' N. It 
is a flomishing place, and contains the county 
buildings and about 50 dwelling-houses. 

CAMBRIDGE, t. Middlesex co. Mass. on 
Charles river, 3 m. WNW. from Boston. Lon. 
71° 4' 30" W. lat. 12° 23' N. Pop. 6,071. It 
contains the colleges, a court-house, county 
jail, state arsenal, and 4 houses for public 
worship, viz. 2 for Congregationalists, 1 for 
Episcopalians, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Uni- 
versalists. The courts of the county are held 
alternately here and at Concord. The court- 
house and jail are at the SE. extremity of the 
town, on Lechmore's Point, which approaches 
within a mile of Boston, and is connected with 
it by a bridge over Charles river. There is 
another bridge connecting this point with 
Charlestown. The village of Cambridgeport, 
which lies west of Lechmore's Point, is con 
nected with Boston by a bridge called West 
Boston Bridge. In this town is Harvard Col- 
lege, or the University of Cambridge, the oldest 
and most wealthy literary institution in the 
U. States. It was founded in 1638, in less 
than 20 years after the first settlement of N. 
England. Its officers are a president, 20 
professors, 5 tutors, an instructor in French 
and Spanish, a proctor, and a regent. The 
library is the second in America, containing 



216 



CAM — CAM 



upwards of 35,000 volumes. The philosophi- 
cal and chemical apparatus are complete. 
There are belonging to the University, a valu- 
able cabinet of minerals, an excellent anatomi- 
cal museum, and a botanic garden, containing 
8 acres, and furnished with an extensive col- 
lection of trees, shrubs, and plants, both na- 
tive and foreign. The college buildings con- 
sist of the University Hall, which is an ele- 
gant stone edifice, containing the chapel, din- 
ing halls, and lecture rooms ; Harvard Hall, 
containing the library, philosophical appara- 
tus, museum, &c. ; 4 spacious brick edifices, 
containing rooms for students; and several 
other buildings, for the accommodation of the 
president, professors, and students. A law 
school, medical school, and theological semi- 
nary, form part of the University. The num- 
ber of students ranges from 3 to 400. A 
greater number of students has been educated 
here than at any other college in the country. 

The studies of which a knowledge is neces- 
sary in order to admission into the freshman 
class, are Virgil, Sallust, Cicero's Select Ora- 
tions, Grceca Pvlinora, Greek Testament, An- 
cient and Modern Geography, Arithmetic 
through alligation, medial and alternate, and 
Algebra to the end of simple equations. 

Course of Study. — 1st year. Graeca Majora, 
Livy 5 books, Horace, Grotius de Ver. Rel. 
Chris. Excerpta Latina, Algebra, Geometry, 
Ancient History and Chronology, Walker's 
Rhetorical Grammar, English Grammar, and 
Adams' Roman Antiquities. 2d year. Grssca 
Majora continued, Excerpta Latina finished, 
Cicero de Oratore, Trigonometry, Navigation, 
Blair's Lectures on Rhetoric, Modern History 
and Chronology, Hedge's Logic, and Locke on 
the Human Understanding. 3d year. Grssca 
Majora finished, Locke finished, Homer's Il- 
iad 4 or 5 books, Juvenal and Persius, or 
equivalent part of Tacitus, Paley's Evidences, 
Wizard's Hebrew Grammar, part of the He- 
brew Bible, Griesbach's Greek Testament criti- 
cally, Enfield's Natural Philosophy and As- 
tronomy, Stewart's Philosophy of the Human 
Mind, Paley's Moral Philosophy, and Mensu- 
ration of Superficies and Solids. 4th year. 
Enfield and Stewart continued, Conic Sections, 
Spheric Geometry, Chemistry, Burlamaqui on 
Natural and Political Law, Paley's Moral and 
Political Philosophy, Political Economy, and 
Butler's Analogy. 

The annual amount of the college charges, 
to those who are not beneficiaries, is as follows : 
Steward, $10 ; Board in common, 38 weeks 
of term-time at about $3 per week, $114; 
room rent, $12 ; instruction, two first years, 
$46 each year, 3d year $64, 4th year $74, ave- 
rage $57 50 ; librarian, repairs, lecture-rooms, 
catalogues, and contingencies, $8; wood, $16; 
books used in classes, $15; total, $232 50. 
Commencement is held on the last Wednes- 
day in August. There are 3 vacations : the 
first from the commencement, 4 weeks and 2 
days ; the second, from the 4th Friday in De- 
cember, 7 weeks; the third, from the third 
Friday in May, 2 weeks. The whole number 
educated at this- college, from its foundation to 



1830, was 5,538; of whom 1,377 had devoted 
themselves to the Christian ministry* 

CAMBRIDGE, West, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 
6 m. N. from Boston. Pop. 1,230. 

CAMBRIDGE, t. Washington co. N. Y. 12 
m. S. from Salem, 35 NE. Albany. Pop. 2,319. 
In 1816, 2 towns, White creek and Jackson, 
were set off from Cambridge. Here is an 
academy. 

CAMBRIDGE, v. Franklin co. Vt. on or 
near Lamoelle river, 38 m. NW. from Mont- 
pelier. Pop. 1,613. 

_ CAMDEN, t. of Gloucester co. N. J. oppo- 
site Philadelphia. It is a flourishing village, 
extending along the river. The houses are 
neat, and many elegant. Pop. about 650. 

CAMDEN, t. of Kent co. Delaware, 3 m. 
SW. from Dover 

CAMDEN, co. of N. C. bounded by Albe- 
marle Sound SE. Pasquotank county and river 
SW. Virginia N. and Currituck and North 
river NE. Length 38 m. mean width 6; area 
228 sq. ffls. Chief town, New Lebanon. Pop. 
1820, 6,721. 

CAMDEN, East, t. in the Midland district, 
lies northerly of Ernesttown, U. C. 

CAMDEN, t. in the co. of Kent, called also 
Camden West, on the N. side of the river 
Thames, opposite to Howard, N. C. 

CAMDEN, t. Waldo co. Me. on Penobscot 
Bay, about 12 m. E. from Thomaston, and 37 
E. from Wiscasset. Pop. 2,200. It is a small 
but growing village, and carries on the busi- 
ness of burning lime. 

CAMDEN, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 20 m. NW. 
Rome. It is settled chiefly by emigrants from 
Conn. Pop. 1,945. 

CAMDEN, t. and cap. Kershaw co. S. C. on 
the E. side of the Wateree, at the junction of 
Pine-tree creek, 35 m.NE. Columbia, 120 N. by 
W. Charleston, 109 NE. Augusta. Lat. 34° 17 
N. Ion. 80° 54' W. It is regularly laid out, 
and contains 200 houses, a court-house and 
jail, an academy now belonging to the Orphan 
Society, a masonic hall, a brick market-house 
and library, an arsenal, 3 flouring mills and 
other mills, 4 religious societies, viz. an Epis- 
copalian, a Presbyterian, a Baptist and a Meth- 
odist. The river is navigable for boats of 70 
tons, and there is a lively trade with the back 
country. It is memorable for two battles 
fought here during the revolutionary war ; one 
the 16th Aug. 1780, between Gen. Gates and 
Lord Cornwallis ; the other, the 23d April, be- 
tween Gen. Greene and Lord Rawdon. 

CAMDEN, co. of Geo. forming the SE. an- 
gle of that state, on the Atlantic ocean ; bound- 
ed by that ocean E. by Florida S. and SW. on 
the W. limits uncertain; and by Glynn N. 
Length 28 m., mean width 25 ; area 700 sq. 
ms. Surface flat, soil sandy, and in some parts 
marshy. Staples, sugar, cotton, rice, tobacco, 
&c. Chief town, Jefferson. Pop. 4,578. 

CAMDEN, port, NW. coast of America, in 
Prince Frederick Sound. Lon. 56° 45' from 
W. lat. 56° 55' N. 

CAMEL'S RUMP, a summit of the Green 
Mountains in Chittenden co. Vt. The summit 
is on the E. line of Huntington , 20 in. E. by 



CAM— CAN 



217 



S. from Burlington, 20 W. by N. from Mont- 
pelier. It is one of the highest summits of the 
Green Mountains, and its height is estimated 
at 3,400 feet. 

CAMERON, t. Steuben co. N. Y. Pop. 
924. 

CAMILLUS, t. Onondaga co. N. York, on 
S.side of Seneca river ; 10 in. NW. from Onon- 
daga, 160 W. from Albany, and 400 from W 
Pop. 2,518. An extensive mine of gypsum is 
found in this town. 

CAMPAIGN CREEK, r. Ohio, which 
flows into the Ohio, 8 m. above Gallipolis. 

CAMPBELL, co. Va. ; bounded N. by James 
river and Buckingham co. E. by Charlotte co. 
S. by the Appomatox, and W. by Bedford co. ; 
218 m. from W. Pop. 15,704. Chief towns, 
Lynchburg and New London. 

CAMPBELL, a co. of Georgia. Pop. 3,323. 
Campbellton is the capital. 

CAMPBELL, C. H. and t. Campbell co. 
Va. 10 m. S. from Lynchburg. 

CAMPBELL, co. Ken. on both sides of 
Licking river, opposite to the city of Cincin- 
nati ; bounded by the Ohio river N. and NE. 
by Pendleton S. and by Roane W. Length 
32 m., mean width 10 ; area 320 sq. ms. Sur- 
face hilly, soil productive. Staples, grain, 
flour, whiskey, live stock, salted provisions, 
and fruit. Chief town, Newport. Pop. 9,893. 
Lat. 39° N. Ion. 7° 10' W. 

CAMPBELL, co. Ten. in a triangular form, 
bounded by Kentucky N. by Clinch river SE. 
and by Anderson SW. Length 35 m. mean 
width 12 ; area 420. Surface hilly, and in 
part mountainous : soil fertile in the valleys 
and along the streams. Staples, grain, flour, 
fruit, and salted provisions. Chief town, Jack- 
son's-borough. Pop. 5,110. 

CAMPBELL'S FORT, in Tennessee, near 
the conflux of the Holston with the Tennessee. 

CAMBELL'S GROVE, v. Iredell co. N. C. 

CAMPBELL'S MILLS, t. Abbeville dis- 
trict, S. C. 

CAMPBELL'S POINT, cape of the NW. 
coast of N. America, at Cook's Inlet, SE. side. 
Lon. 72° 15' W. from W. lat. 60° 6' N. 

CAMPBELL'S STATION, t. Knox co. 
Ten. 

CAMBPELLSTOWN, v. Steuben co.N. Y. 
postroad 254 m. SW. by W. from Albany. 

CAMPBELLSTOWN, v. Lebanon co. Pa. 
on the road from Lebanon to Harrisburg, 18 
m. from the latter. 

CAMPBELLSVILLE, v. Henry co. Ken. 
54 m. NW. from Frankfort. 

CAMPBELLSVILLE, v. Green co. Ken. ; 
654 m. from W. 

CAMPBELLTOWN, v. in Painted Post, 
N. Y. on the Susquehannah ; 288 m. from W. 

CAMPBELLTOWN, v. Edgefield district, 
S. C. ; 588 m. from W. 

CAMPEACHY, t. Mexico, in Merida or 
Yucatan, on the river St. Francis, in the Bay 
of Campeachy. The port is large, but shallow. 
It was formerly a stated market for logwood, 
of which great quantities grew in the neigh- 
borhood Lon. 90° 34' W. lat. 19° 30' N. Pop. 
6,000. 



CAMPO BELLO, province of New Bruns- 
wick, a fertile island at the mouth of Passama- 
quoddy Bay, separated on the SW. by a nar- 
row passage from Lubec. It is about 9 m. 
long and from 1 to 3 broad, contains many ex- 
cellent harbors, and has many advantages for 
commerce and the fisheries. The lands are 
now in the hands of a single proprietor, but if 
offered for sale, few places would settle more 
rapidly. 

CAMPTON, t. Grafton co. N. H. on the 
Merrimack; 6 m. N. from Plymouth, 76 
NNW. from Portsmouth, 548 from W. Pop, 
1,313. 

CAMPVILLE, v. Spartanburg district, S. 
Carolina. 

CAMUNIPAW, v. Bergen co. N. J. ; SW. 
of Jersey City. 

CANAAN, Essex co. Vt. in NE. corner of 
the state, on the Connecticut ; 85 m. NE. from 
Montpelier, 606 from W. Pop. 373. 

CANAAN, t. Somerset co. Maine, on the E. 
side of the Kennebec, opposite Bloomfield ; 5 
m. E. from Norridgewock, 205 NNE. Boston, 
646 from W. Pop. 1,076. It is connected 
with Bloomfield by Skouhegan bridge, which, 
is erected over falls of that name. 

CANAAN, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 345. 

CANAAN, t. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 158. 

CANAAN, t. Grafton co. N. H. ; 12 m. E. 
from Dartmouth College, 103 NW. Portsmouth, 
513 from W. Pop. 1,428. 

CANAAN, t. Litchfield co. Con.; 18 m. 
NNW. from Litchfield, 350 from W. Pop. 
2,301. It is on the E. side of the Housatonic, 
which separates it from Salisbury. The river 
has a fall here of 60 feet perpendicular, which 
affords seats for various mills and manufacto- 
ries. 

CANAAN, South, v. Ct. in S. part of Ca- 
naan ; 345 from W. 

CANAAN, New, t. Fairfield co. Ct; 6 m. 
NW. Norwalk. Pop. 1,826. 

CANAAN, t. Columbia co. N. Y. ; 23 m. 
NE. from Hudson, 25 SE. from Albany, 356 
from W. Pop. 2,064. There are two meet- 
ing-houses for Presbyterians, 1 for Baptists, 
and 1 for Shakers in this town 

CANAAN, t. Wayne co. Pa. 

CANACADEA LAKE, in Honeoy, N. Y. 
between Honeoy and Hemlock Lakes ; 4 m. 
long, and f m. broad. 

CANADA, a British province. See p. 161. 

CANADA CREEK, West, r. N. Y. which 
runs south into the Mohawk, in Herkimer. 
Length 60 m. 

CANADA CREEK, East, r. N. Y. which 
runs S. into Mohawk, W. into Stone Arabia. 
Length 30 m. 

CANADA CREEK, r. small N. branch of 
Wood creek N. Y. 

CANADAWAY, creek, N. York, in Cha- 
tauque co. enters Lake Erie about 2^ W. from 
Dunkirk. 

CANADAWAY, v. in Pomfret, N. Y. on a 
small river of the same name which runs 12 
m. NW. into Lake Erie. 

CANADEA, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Pop. 
in 1820, 696. 



218 



CAN — CAN 



CANADIAN RIVER, the great south- 
western branch of Arkansaw river, rises by 
two large branches in the mountains of New 
Mexico, and flowing by comparative courses 
about 600 m. each, unite at N. lat. 35°, and 
18° W. from W. Below the confluence of the 
two principal branches, the Canadian Fork 
continues E. 40 m. where it unites with the 
Arkansaw, receiving in the intermediate dis- 
tance another large branch from the SW. For 
the true position, course, and relative extent of 
the Canadian Fork, the public stands indebted 
to Major Long. 

CANAJOHARIE, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 
on S. side of the Mohawk ; 49 m. W. from 
Albany, 418 from W. Pop. 4,348. There are 
3 churches for the Dutch Reformed, and 1 for 
the Baptists in this town. 

CANAJOHARIE CREEK, r. N. Y. which 
runs NE. into the Mohawk, at Canajoharie. 

CANAL, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 

CANANDAIGUA, or Canandarqua, t. and 
cap. Ontario co. N. Y. ; N. of Canandaigua Lake ; 
88 m. E. from Buffalo, 110 W. from Utica, 208 
W. from Albany, 365 from W. Lon. 77° 20' 
W. lat. 42° 49' N. Pop. 5,162. The village 
is situated at the outlet of Canandaigua Lake 
and contains a court-house, a jail, 2 banks, one 
of which is a branch of the Utica bank, a state 
arsenal, a respectable academy, and 3 houses 
of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for 
Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. It is a 
pleasant, handsome, and flourishing town, and 
has an extensive and increasing trade. The 
surrounding country is fertile. Two newspa 
pers are published here. 

CANANDAIGUA, lake, N. Y. in Ontario 
co. 15 m. in length, and 1 in mean width. It 
receives a number of creeks, and discharges 
its waters at the village of Canandaigua, into 
an outlet which flows NE. 20 m. joining Mud 
creek at Lyons. The level of Canandaigua 
Lake is about 670 feet above that of the At- 
lantic ocean, 105 above that of Lake Erie, and 
299 above the great western canal at Monte- 
zuma. 

CANANDAIGUA, t. Ontario co. N. Y. in- 
cluding the village of the same name. Pop. 
in 1820, 4,680. 

CANANDAIGUA, r. N. Y. which runs 
from Canandaigua lake, NE. into the r. Sen- 
eca, in Junius. Length 45 m. 

CANARD, small r. of U. C. falls into De- 
troit r. between Amherstsburg and Sandwich. 

CANARD, Isle au, in the St. Lawrence, at 
the confluence of the river des Prairies. 

CANARDS, or Duck river, U. C. falls into 
the Detroit 1 m. below Grand Turkey island. 

CANASARAGA, t. Madison co. N. Y. 425 
m. from W. 

CANASERAGA CREEK, r. N. Y. which 
unites with the Chitteningo, 4 m. from Oneida 

CANAVARNAL, bay of the U. S. on the 
Pacific coast. Lon. 47° W.; lat. 45° N. 

CANDIA, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 19 m. 
SE. from Concord, 36 W. from Portsmouth, 
and 513 from W. Pop. 1,362. 



CANDOR, t. Tioga co. N. Y. 10 m. E. 

from Spencer, and 328 from W. Pop. 2,653, 
CANDRONS, t. Arkansas co. Miso. terri- 
tory; 1,330 m. from W. 

CANDY'S CREEK, t. Cherokee nation, in 
the NW. part of Georgia. 

CANEADEA, t. Alleghany co. 10 m. SW. 
from Angelica, and 285 W. from Albany, 
Pop. 782. 

CANESUS LAKE, in SW. part of Ontario 
co. N. Y. 8 m. long and 2 broad. It lies chiefly 
between Genesee and Livonia, and discharges 
its waters into the river Genesee. 

CANFIELD, t. Trumbull co. Ohio ; 10 m. 
W. from Poland; 14 S. by E. from Warren, 
50 N. from Steubenville, and 291 from W. 

CANIONIS, t. La. on the Arkansaw. 

CANISTEO, t. Steuben co. N. Y. on the 
Canisteo ; 20 m. SW. from Bath, 265 WNW. 
from Albany, and 318 from W. Pop. 620. 

CANISTEO, r. Steuben co. N. Y. which 
runs into tire Tioga, near the village of Paint- 
ed Post. It is navigable for boats to Arkport, 
40 m. 

CANISTOTA, v. in Lenox, Madison co. N. 
Y. on the Great Western Canal, 27 m. W. 
from Utica. 

CANISTER, t. Steuben co. N. Y. 

CANNAUGHQUENESING, t. Butler co. 
Pa. It is watered by a rivulet of the same 
name. 

CANNAVERAL, cape of Florida, N. lat. 
28° 22'. It was off this cape, April 29th, 
1814, that the British brig Epervier, of 22 
guns, and 128 men, was captured by the U. S. 
sloop Peacock, captain Warrington, after an 
action of 42 minutes. 

CANNONBALL, r. Louisiana, which flows 
into the Missouri, 1,500 miles from the Mis- 
sissippi. 

CANNONSBURG, t. Washington co. Pa, 
on a branch of Chartier r. 7 m. ENE. from 
Washington, 18 SW. from Pittsburg, and 244 
from W. It has an elevated and pleasant 
situation. Jefferson College was founded here 
in 1802. The college edifice is a spacious 
building of 3 stories. The funds are small, 
not exceeding 8,000 dollars. The library con- 
tains 2,500 volumes. The philosophical appa- 
ratus is not extensive. The board of trustees 
consists of 21 members, of- whom 8 may be 
clergymen. The executive government is in- 
trusted to a president, a vice-president, and 2 
professors, one of the languages, and one of 
the natural sciences. The present number of 
students is 120 — the number of instructors, 7. 
The college classes are three, viz. the Sopho- 
more, Mathematical, and the Philosophical 
classes. The studies of which a knowledge 
is required in order to be admitted into the 
sophomore class, are Cassar's Commentaries, 
Ovid, Virgil, and the Greek Testament. The 
studies of the sophomore class are Horace, 
Cicero's Orations, Grreca Minora and Majora, 
Greek and Roman Antiquities, Geography, 
&c. The studies of the mathematical class 
are the Elements of Geometry, Algebra, 
Practical Geometry, Chemistry, Natural Phi- 



CAN — CAP 



219 



Iosophy, Rhetoric and History. _ The studies 
of the philosophical class consist of Logic, 
Moral Philosophy, Philosophy of Rhetoric, 
Metaphysics, together with a review of the 
studies of the preceding classes. For tuition 
each student pays 20 dollars a year; and for 
board from $1.50 to 2.00 a week. The com- 
mencement is held on the fourth Wednesday 
in September. There are 2 vacations of 3 or 
4 weeks each, one in the spring, and the other 
in the autumn. The western country has 
been supplied with more than 100 clergymen, 
who have received their education, in whole 
or in part, at this college. There is a theologi- 
cal school connected with the college, under 
the direction of the vice-president. 

CANNONSBURG, township, Washington 
co. Pa. 

CANNONSVILLE, v. Delaware co. N. Y. 
141 m. SW. from Albany. 

CANNOUCHE, r. Geo. rises about 30 m. 
S. from Louisville, and joins the Ogeechee, 
about 20 m. above its mouth. 

CANOE, r. Mass. which unites with the r. 
Taunton, at Taunton. 

CANOE CAMP, t. Tioga co. Pa. 240 m. 
from W. 

CANOE RIVER, r. N. A. which runs into 
the Mississippi, Ion. 92° 3' W. ; lat 42° 55' N. 

CANOGA CREEK, r. N. Y. which joins 
the Seneca, in Fayette. 

CANONICUT, isl. belonging to Newport 
co. R. I. It contains the town of Jamestown 
— is 7 miles long, and 1 broad ; 3 m. W. from 
Rhode Island. On S. end, called Beaver's 
Tail, there is a light-house. It is a beautiful 
island, and has a fertile soil, producing good 
crops of grass and grain. 

CANSO, seaport of Nova Scotia, on a strait 
which separates Nova Scotia from Cape Bre- 
ton. Near this town is a fine fishery for cod, 
Ion. 55 3 W.; lat. 45 3 20' N. 

CANTERBURY, t. Merrimack co. N. H. 
on E. side of the Merrimack, opposite Bosca- 
wen ; 9 m. N. from Concord, and 513 from 
W. Pop. 1,663. Here is a village of Shakers, 
containing 2 or 300 souls. 

CANTERBURY, t. Windham co. Ct. on 
W. side of the Quinebaugh ; 10 m. E. from 
Windham; 14 N. from Norwich, and 371 
from W. Pop. 1,881. It is a pleasant town, 
and contains 3 Congregational meeting-houses, 
and 1 for Baptists, and an academy. 

CANTERBURY, t. Kent co. Del. 126 m. 
from W. 

CANTERBURY, v. Orange co. N. Y. on 
the right bank of the Hudson r. 

CANTON, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 14 m. SW. 
from Boston, and 448 from W. Pop. 1,517. 

CANTON, or West Simshury, t. Hartford 
co. Ct. 15 m. WNW. from Hartford, and 351 
from W. 

CANTON, t St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 15 m. 
E. from Ogdensburg, 200 NW. from Albany, 
and 570 from W. Pop. 2,440. 

CANTON, t. Luzerne co. Pa* 

CANTON, t. Washington co. Pa. 

CANTON, t. and cap. Stark co. Ohio, situ- 
ated in the forks of the Nimishillen creek ; 45 



m. NW. from Steubenville, 95 WNW. from 
Pittsburg, 130 NE. from Columbus, and 472 
from W. It is a flourishing town, and con- 
tains a bank, a printing-office, 2 houses of 
public worship, 1 for Lutherans, and 1 for 
Presbyterians, and 70 dwelling-houses. The 
first house was erected in 1805. 

CANTON, land district of Ohio, includes 
part of Stark, and all of Wayne and Richland 
cos. and is composed of 21 ranges of town- 
ships, comprehended between the Grenville 
treaty line on the S. and the Connecticut 
Western reserve on the N. excepting the seven 
easternmost ranges which belong to the Steu- 
benville district. The land-office for this dis- 
trict is at Worcester, in Wavne co. 

CANTON, t Bradford co. Pa. 

CANTON, t. Wilcox co. Ala. on the left 
bank of the Ala. r. about 40 m. by water be- 
low Cahaba. 

CANTON, v. Belmont co. Ohio, on the 
Ohio, opposite W neeling, Va. 

CANTON, (New,) t. Hawkins co. Ten. 749 
m. from W. 

CANTON, (Neio,) t. Buckingham co. Va. 
on S. side of James r. about 60 m. SW. from 
Richmond, and 166 from W. 

CANTON, t. Oxford co. Me. 67 m. NNW. 
from Portland. 

CANTON, township, Hartford co. Ct. Pop. 
1,437. 

CANTWELL'S BRIDGE, or Apoquini- 
mink, v. New Castle co. Del. on Apoquinimink 
creek; 21 m. SSW. from Wilmington, 49 
SW. from Philadelphia. It contains about 30 
or 40 houses. 

CANY CREEK, r. Ala. which flows into 
the Ten. 20 m. below the Muscle Shoals. 

CANY FORK, r. Ten. which runs into 
the Cumberiand, 50 m. E. from Nashville. 

CAPATINA, creek, and t. Belmont co. 
Ohio, 12 m. below Wheeling. 

CAPE, t. Cumberland co. Me. Pop. in 
1S20, 52. 

CAPE ANN, on the coast of Mass. Lon. 
70 3 37' W. ; lat. 42 3 35' N. 

CAPE BRETON, an island forming part 
of the British dominions in America, lying 
between the N. end of Nova Scotia, and the 
SW. point of Newfoundland. It extends, in a 
N. by E. direction, from the lat. of 45° 30' to 
47° 6' N. and from the lon. of 59° 45' to 61° 
35' W. forming a barrier between the Atlantic 
ocean and the gulf, which it completely land- 
locks, and forms into a vast inland sea; the 
passage between the NE. end and Newfound- 
land being about 65 m. wide, intercepted, 
however, by the island of St. Paul, and just 
within the gulf by the Magdalen group of 
isles. Cape Breton is indented from N. to S. 
by spacious bays, dividing it into two islands, 
joined together by a very narrow isthmus. 
The coast on all sides is also much indented 
by bays, making the figure of the land very 
irregular. Its area, however, amounts to about 
40,000 sq. ms. The French first formed a set- 
tlement upon this island, in 1712, which sur- 
rendered to a British force from New England, 
in 1745, &ad was confirmed, with all the other 



220 



CAP — CAP 



French possessions in North America, to Eng- 
land, by the treaty of 1763. Its most distin- 
guishing property is its rich strata of coal of 
superior quality ; with some dreary surface 
it also presents some very fertile spots, well 
wooded, and containing a variety of wild ani- 
mals, the skins of which form a branch of 
its traffic. Louisbourg, the chief town, is 
situated on the Atlantic coast, in the lat. of 
45° 54' N. ; Ion. 59° 55' W. The chief occu- 
pation of the people, not only of Louisbourg, 
but of the whole island, in addition to agricul- 
ture, is the cod fishery, which they pursue to 
some extent for the West India and other 
markets. Total population of the island, about 
4,000. It was constituted a separate govern- 
ment in 1784, under a lieutenant-governor, ap- 
pointed by the king ; but by a stretch of au- 
thority on the part of the legislative assembly 
and council of Nova Scotia, it has reverted as 
a province to that government, to which it was 
originally attached. 

CAPE CHARLES, cape of Virginia, at E. 
side of the mouth of the Chesapeake ; 12 m. 
N. from Cape Henry. Lon. 75° 53' W. ; lat. 
37° 12' N. 

CAPE COD, peninsula, on the S. side of 
Massachusetts bay. Its shape is that of a 
man's arm bent inwards, both at the wrist and 
the elbow. It is about 65 m. long, and from 1 
to 20 wide. A great part of this peninsula is 
sandy and barren, and in many places wholly 
destitute "of vegetation ; yet it is populous. 
The inhabitants obtain their support almost 
entirely from the ocean ; the men being con- 
stantly employed at sea; and the boys, at a 
very early age, are put on board the fishing- 
boats. In consequence of the violent east 
winds, it is supposed that the cape is gradually 
wearing away. Lon. of the cape, 70° 14' W. ; 
lat. 42° 4' N. 

CAPE COD BAY, between Cape Cod pen- 
insula, and Barnstable and Plymouth cos. 
Mass. 

CAPE DISAPPOINTMENT, on W. coast 
of N. America, and N. entrance into Columbia 
river. Lon. 124° 59' W. ; lat. 46° 19' N. 

CAPE ELIZABETH, t. Cumberland co. 
Me. 4 m. SW. from Portland, and 116 NNE. 
from Boston. 

CAPE ELIZABETH, N. A. on the coast 
of Me. Lon. 70° 11' W. ; lat. 43° 33' N. 

CAPE FEAR, on the coast of N. C. Lon. 
78° 9' W. ; lat. 33° 48' N. 

CAPE FEAR, or Clarendon, r. N. C. the 
largest in the state. It is formed by the con- 
fluence of the NE. and NW. branches, which 
unite above Wilmington, 35 m. from the 
ocean. The NW. branch rises in the N. part 
of the state, and is navigable for large boats 
to Fayetteville. The NE. branch rises in 
Sampson co. and is navigable for boats 70 m. 

CAPE GIRARDEAU, co. Missouri, on the 
Mississippi, bounded N. by St. Genevieve and 
Washington cos. and W. by the county of St. 
Louis. Pop. 7,430. Jackson is the seat of 
justice. The lands on the Mississippi and the 
St. Francis are fertile. The Great Swamp 
commences 5 m. S. of the town of Cape Gi- 



rardeau, and extends GO m. being from 3 to 5 
broad, to the low-lands of the St. Francis. 

CAPE GIRARDEAU, t. Cape Girardeau 
co. Missouri territory, on the Mississippi ; 20 
m. above the mouth of the Ohio, 72 below St. 
Genevieve, and 927 from W. Lat. 37° 15' N. 
Pop. 100. 

CAPE HARBOR, N. A. on the coast of 
Me. at N. extremity of Wells' bay. Lon. 70° 
24' W.; lat. 43° 18' N. 

CAPE HATTERAS, on the coast of North 
Carolina. Lon. 75° 30' W. ; lat. 35° 14' N. 
This is one of the most remarkable and dan- 
gerous capes on the coast of N. America. 

CAPE HENLOPEN, or James, cape, on 
the coast of Delaware, at the mouth of Dela- 
ware bay, 18 m. SW. from Cape May. Lon. 
75° 6' W. ; lat, 36° 47' N. Here is a light- 
house. 

CAPE HENRY, on E. coast of Virginia, at 
the mouth of the Chesapeake, 12 m. S. from 
Cape Charles. Lon. 76° 21' W. ; lat. 36° 58' N. 

CAPE HENRY, formerly Cape Frangois, t. 
on the N. coast of the island Hispaniola, on a 
promontory at the edge of a large plain 60 m. 
long and 12 broad. Its harbor is one of the 
most secure and convenient in the whole island. 
It was the last town retained by the French in 
Hispaniola, and was surrendered to the blacks 
in 1803. It then contained 900 houses and 
20,000 inhabitants. 30 leagues E. from Cape 
St. Nicholas. Lon. 72° 16' W. ; lat. 19° 46' N. 
^ CAPE HOPE, the NW. point of Martha's 
Vineyard, Mass. on which is a light-house. 

CAPE LODO, or Mad Cape, on S. coast of 
Louisiana, at the mouth of the Mississippi. 
Lon. 71° 42' W. ; lat. 29° 10' N. 

CAPE LOOKOUT, on the coast of N. Car- 
olina. Lon. 76° 37' W. ; lat. 34° 22' -N. So 
late as the year 1771, this cape afforded an ex- 
cellent harbor, capacious enough for a large 
fleet in good deep water ; but the basin is now 
filled up. 

CAPE MAY, co. N. J. bounded N. by Glou- 
cester co. SE. by the Atlantic, SW. by Dela- 
ware bay. Pop. 4,945. 

CAPE MAY, on the coast of N. J. at the 
mouth of the Delaware, 18 m. NE. from Cape 
Henlopen. Lon. 74° 52' W. ; lat. 38° 57' N. 

CAPE MAY COURT-HOUSE, v. and seat 
of justice in Cape May co. N. J. a few m. N. 
from Cape May, 34 SE. from Bridgetown, and 
74 from Philadelphia, in the lat of 39° N. and 
75° W. 

CAPE NEDDICK, cape and t. York co. 
Me. 53 m. SW. from Portland. 

CAPE PEMAQUID, on the coast of Maine. 
Lon. 69° 27' W. ; lat. 43° 48' N. 

CAPE PORPOISE, on the coast of Maine. 
Lon. 70° 23' W.; lat. 49° 21' N. 

CAPE ROSIERS, Me. in Penobscot bay. 

CAPE ST. MICHAEL, Seigniory of L.C. 
in Surrey co. nearly opposite Quebec. 

CAPE SMALL POINT, on the coast of 
Maine, forming the E. limits of Casco bay. 

CAPE VINCENT, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. 
498 m. from W. 

CAPHON SPRINGS, medicinal springs, in 
Va. 22 m. WSW. from Winchester. The wa- 



CAP— CAR 



221 



ers are impregnated -\rith magnesia, sulphur, 
soda, carbonic acid, and are much visited. 

CAPOLICA, small r. of Mexico, in the in- 
tendency of Oaxaca, flows into the Gulf of 
Tehuantepec. Lon. from W. 1 9° W. ; lat. 16° N. 

CAPTAIN JOHN'S MILLS, v. Montgom- 
ery co. Md. 

CAPTINA CREEK, Ohio, runs into the 
Ohio r. 23 m. below Wheeling-. 

CAPTINA CREEK, v. Belmont co. Ohio. 

CARAVELLE, cape of the island of Mar- 
tinique, on the NE. coast. Lon. from. W. 16° 
4' E. ; lat. 14° 55' N. 

CARIACO, isl. in the West Indies, depend- 
ent on Grenada. 

CARIBBEAN SEA, that part of the Atlan- 
tic Ocean lying between Cuba, St. Domingo, 
and Porto Rico on the N. and the republic of 
Columbia S. See America. 

CARIBBEE ISLANDS, the most eastern 
islands of the W. Indies, divided into Wind- 
ward and Leeward islands. 

CARIBEUF, island in lake Superior, about 
200 m. NW. from the falls of St. Mary. 

CARIBOU, r. Canada, runs into theSaguena. 
Lat. 49° 29' N. 

C ARINACOU, one of the Grenadilla islands 
in the W. Indies, with an excellent harbor, 16 
m. NE. from Grenada. 

CARLIN SETTLEMENT, see Franklin. 

CARLISLE, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 20 m. 
NW. from Boston. Pop. 566. 

CARLISLE, t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 8 m. W. 
from Schoharie, 40 W. from Albany, 334 from 
W. Pop. 1,748. 

CARLISLE, bor. and cap. Cumberland co. 
Pa. 15 m. W. from Harrisbuxg, 120 W. from 
Philadelphia, 101 from W. Lon. 77° 10' W. ; 
lat 40° 12' N. It is pleasantly situated, reg- 
ularly laid out, built chiefly of stone and brick, 
and has considerable trade. It contains a 
court-house, a jail, a market-house, 2 banks, 
and 7 houses of public worship. Dickinson 
College was founded in this town in 1783, but 
at present it is not in a flourishing condition. 

CARLISLE, v. Nicholas co. Ken. 

CARLISLE, v. Bourbon co. Ken. 

CARLISLE BAY, on the S. coast of Ja- 
maica, W. coast of Barbadoes, and island of 
Antigua. 

CARLO DE MONTEREY, San, the prin- 
cipal settlement of New California, on the W. 
coast of N. America, in the lat. of 36° 36' N. 
and 121° 34' of W. lon. It is beautifully sit- 
uated within a smaU bay of the same name, 
first discovered by Cabrillo in 1542. It was 
afterwards visited by the count de Monterey, 
from whom it received its present name. The 
forests and mountains preclude much inter- 
course with the interior ; nor does it appear 
that there is any considerable river, either N. 
or S. for some distance ; otherwise it would be 
an inviting spot for colonization. 

CARLOW, v. Hopkins co. Ken. about 200 
m. SW. by W. from Frankfort. 

CARLYLE, v. Washington co. II. on the 
left bank of Kaskaskia river, 27 m. SE. from 
Vandalia. 

CARMEL, t Hancock co, Maine, 35 m. 



NW. from Castine, 240 NE. from Boston, 670 
from W. 

CARMEL, t. Putnam co. N. Y. 26 m. SE. 

from Poushkeepsie, 314 from W. Pop. 2,379. 

CARMEL, t. Penobscot co. Me. 15 m. W. 
from Bangor. Pop. 237. 

CARMEL, t. Geo. in the Cherokee Nation. 
CAR MI, t. and cap. White co. Illinois, on 
the Little Wabash, 20 m. above its mouth, 40 
N. from Shawneetown, 831 from W. It is a 
flourishing town, situated in a very fertile 
country. The Little Wabash is navigable for 
some distance above the town. 

CARMICHAELS, t. Greene co. Pa. 
CARNARVON, t. SE. part of Berks co. Pa. 
CARNARVON, t. in the NE. part of Lan- 
caster co. Pa. 

CARNESVILLE, or Franklin, t. and cap. 
Franklin co. Geo. on the Salwegee ; 125 m. 
NW. from Augusta, 604 from W. 
CAROLINA, North, see page 100. 
CAROLINA, South, see page 104. 
CAROLINE, t. in the NE. angle of Tioga 
co. N. Y. 

CAROLINE, co. E. side of Md. bounded 
NW. by Queen Anne co. E. by Delaware, S. 
by Dorchester co. and W. by Talbot co. Pop. 
9,070. Chief town, Denton. 

CAROLINE, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. 199 m. 
W. from Albany. Pop. 2,633. 

CAROLINE, co. Va. bounded N. by the 
Rappahannoc r. ESE. by Essex, King and 
Queen, and King William cos. SW. by Han- 
over co. and NW by Spottsylvania co. Pop. 
17,774. Chief towns, Port Royal and Bow- 
lino- Green. 

CARONDELET, or Vide Poche, French 
village, Missouri, on the bank of the Missis- 
sippi, 5 m. below St. Louis. It is a French 
settlement of about 59 houses. 

CARONDELET, Canal of, at New Orleans, 
extends from the bayou St. Jolm, 2 m. to a 
basin in the rear of the city. Vessels drawing 
5 feet water enter the basin. By this channel, 
water communication is open from N. Orleans 
into lake Ponchartrain. 

CARPENTER'S POINT, v. Orange co. 
N. Y. 269 m. from W. 

CARRION CROW, creek, of La. forming 
part of the limit between Opelousas and At- 
tacapas. 

CARROLL, a co. at the W. extremity of 
Tennessee, bordering on Wood Lake, contigu- 
ous to the Mississippi r. Pop. 9,378. Hunt- 
ingdon is the chief town. 

CARROLLSVILLE, v. Wayne co. Ten. 96 
m. SW. from Murfreesborough. 

CARROLVILLE, t. Jefferson co. Ala. 
CARROLTON, v. Greene co. Illinois. 
CARRON ISLAND, small island near the 
coast of N. C. in Albemarle Somid. Lon. 76° 
10' W. ; lat. 35° 46' N. 

CARR'S MOUNTAIN, mt. N. H. in Ells- 
worth and Warren. 

CARRYING, or Portage River, Ohio, runs 
into the SW. end of lake Erie, 15 m. from 
Sandusky. 

CARSONVILLE, v. Ashe co. N. C. 195 m. 
NW. from Raleigh. 



222 



CAR — CAS 



CARTER, co. East Tennessee. Pop. 6,418. 
Chief town, Elizabethtown. 

CARTERET, co. N. C. on Core Sound. 
Poo. 6,607. Chief town, Beaufort. 

CARTER'S, ;. Stokes co. N.C. 355 m. SW. 
from W. 

CARTER'S, t. Scott co. Indiana, 80 m. S. 
from Indianapolis. 

CARTER'S BAY, on NW. coast of America. 
Lat. 52° 58' N. 

CARTER'S CREEK, r. N. C. which runs 
into the Atlantic. Lat. 34° 42' N. 

CARTER'S MOUNTAIN, mt. Albemarle 
co. adjoining Monticello, a little to the SW. 2 
m. S. from Charlottesville. It is about 800 
feet above the Rivanna. 

CARTER'S STORE, v. Halifax co. Va. 

CARTERSVILLE, t. Cumberland co. Va. 
on the S. side of James River, 42 m. W. by S. 
from Richmond, 171 from W. Here is a to- 
bacco ware-house. 

CARTHAGE, v. in Brighton, Ontario co. 
N. Y. at the lower falls of the Genesee, 5 m. 
from lake Ontario, and about 30 NW. from 
Canandaigua. Carthage bridge, erected across 
the Genesee, lately fell. It consisted of a sin- 
gle arch of 352 feet chord, resting on abut- 
ments of solid rock, which rise to the height 
of 150 feet. 

CARTHAGE, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. 

CARTHAGE, t. and cap. Moore co. N. C. 
40 m. NW. from Fayetteville, 381 from W. 

CARTHAGE, t. and cap. Smith co. Ten. on 
the Cumberland r. 50 m. E. from Nashville, 
140 W. from Knoxville, 691 from W. It con- 
tains a court-house, a jail, an academy, a print- 
ing-office, a Baptist and a Methodist meeting- 
house. 

CARTHAGE, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, 6 m. 
N. from Cincinnati. 

CARTHAGE, t. Athens co. Ohio. 

CARTHAGE, v. Monroe co. N. Y. below 
the falls of Genesee r. 2 m. N. from Rochester. 

CARTHAGE, v. Tuscaloosa co. Ala. 50 m. 
NW. from Cahaba. 

CARVER, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 8 m. W. 
from Plymouth, 38 S. from Boston, 447 from W. 
Pop. 976. Here is a pond which contains val- 
uable iron ore, and the town has 3 furnaces. 

CARVER'S RIVER, Missouri, which runs 
into the St. Peters on the N. side about 40 m. 
above the junction of the latter with the Mis- 
sissippi. 

CASADA, lake, Chatauque co. N. Y. 7 m. 
from Dunkirk, on lake Erie. Casada creek, 
the outlet of this lake, communicates with that 
branch of the Conewango which flows from 
Chatauque lake. 

CASAGIANDE, t. of New Mexico, in the 
N. part of New Navarre. Here is an immense 
edifice, supposed to have been built by the an- 
cient Mexicans for a fortress ; it consists of 3 
floors, with a terrace above them, and the en- 
trance is at the second floor, so that a scaling- 
ladder was necessary. Lon. 113° 23' W. ; 
lat. 33° 40' N. 

CASCADES, Isle de, in the St. Lawrence, 
at its entrance into lake St. Louis. 



CASCO BAY, isl. N. Brunswick, in Passa- 
maquoddy bay. 

CASCO BAY, in Maine, between Cape Eli- 
zabeth on WSW. and Cape Small Point on 
ENE. Within these capes, which are about 
20 m. apart, there are about 300 small islands, 
most of which are cultivated, and are much 
more productive than the main land on the 
coast of Maine. Portland harbor is on the W. 
side of the bay. 

CASDAGA, small lake, Chatauque co. N. Y. 
aboot 8 m. from Dunkirk on lake Erie. It is 
connected by a river of the same name, 40 m. 
long, with the Conewango. The river is navi- 
gable throughout its course for boats of 20 tons. 

CASDAGA, t. on the Casdaga creek, about 
60 m. SSW. from Buffalo. 

CASEY, co. Ken. Pop. 4,342. Chief town, 
Liberty. 

CASEYVILLE, v. and seat of justice. Casey 
co. Ken. Lat. 37° 22' N. ; lon. 7° 32' W. 

CASH CLAP SETTLEMENT, v. Johnson 
co. Ten. 907 m. from W. 

CASH RIVER, Illinois, which flows into 
the Ohio, 7 m. above its entrance into the Mis- 
sissippi, 15 below Wilkinsonville. 

CASH RIVER, NW. Territory, runs into 
lake Superior, 3 m. E. from Dead river. It is 
30 yards wide at its mouth. 

CASHIE, r. N. C. which runs into the Roan- 
oke. Lon. 77° 3' W. ; lat. 35° 57' N. 

CASHVILLE, v. Spartanburg district, S.C. 
Ill m. N. from Columbia. 

CASPIAN, or Beautiful, a small lake in 
Greensborough, Vt. It is a head water of the 
Lamoile. 

CASSA GRANDE, ruins of Mexico, in So- 
nora, on the Rio Gila. These very extensive 
and curious remains are evidently of Aztec 
construction, though separated above 1000 m. 
from the other existing monuments of that 
anciently civilized people. The ruins, which 
are known by pre-eminence as la Casa Grande, 
are situated on a plain near the bank of the 
Gila. Lon. from W. 36° 25' W.; lat. 33°40'N. 

CASSEDY'S CREEK, v. Nicholas co. Ken. 
538 in. from W. 

CASSELL'S STORE, v. Amelia co. Va. 

CASSINA, or Red Cedar Lake, N. America, 
one of the sources of the Mississippi r. It is 
about 8 in. long and 6 broad, and discharges 
itself by a winding stream 50 m. long into 
lake Winnipec. The waters of the Cassina 
are pure and transparent, and are supplied 
with pike, carp, trout and catfish. It has an 
island covered with red cedar trees. Its shores 
are lined with the elm, maple, and pine, inter- 
spersed with fields of Indian rice, reeds, and 
rushes, and here and there a gravelly beach. 
On the NW. side it receives two streams, the 
Turtle and La Beesh. 

C ASTAHAN A INDIANS, Louisiana, at the 
sources of the Platte. No. 1,500. 

CASTILE, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 

CASTINE, r. Me. which runs into Penob- 
scot bay. It is 14 m. long, and navigable 6 m. 

CASTINE, s-p. and cap. Hancock co. Me. 
on the E. side of Penobscot bay, 122 m. ENE. 



CAS — CAT 



223 



from Portland, 250 NE. from Boston, 693 from 
W. Lon. 68° 46' W. ; lat. 44° 24' N. Pop. 
1,155. This is a pleasant and flourishing town, 
finely situated, has a commodious and excellent 
harbor, and contains a court-house, a jail, and 
a bank, and has considerable trade. 

CASTLEMANS, the eastern constituent 
branch of the Youghiogeny river, rises in 
Alleghany co. Md. between Meadow and Ne- 
gro mountains. It first flows NE. about 12 
m. into Somerset co. Pa. Through the latter 
co. this stream curves 30 m. and falls into the 
Youghiogeny, 11 m. N. from the Md. line, and 
opposite the eastern foot of Sugar Loaf moun- 
tain. The fall in this stream is considerable, 
where it is passed by the U. S. road. 

CASTLETON, t. Rutland co. Vt. 65 m. N. 
from Bennington, 65 SSW. from Montpelier, 
and 434 from W. Pop. 1,783. Here is an 
academy. Bombazine lake is chiefly in this 
town. 

CASTLETON, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 357 
m. from W. 

CASTLETOWN, t. Richmond co. N. Y. 
on N. end of Staten Island ; 9 m. SW. from 
New York. Pop. 2,204. The Marine Hospi- 
tal, which may accommodate 2 or 300 sick, 
and the Quarantine and Health establishments 
of the city of N. Y. are in this town. 

CASTOR, t. Madison co. Miso. 

CASTOR'S RIVER, Newfoundland, falls 
into St. John's harbor. 

CASWELL, co. N. part of N. C. 307 m. 
from W. Pop. 15,499. Chief town, Pittsbo- 
rough. 

CATACO, co. Alabama. 

CATAHANOSA, parish, La. E. of the 
Miss. 48 m. above New Orleans. 

CATAHOOLA, parish of La. bounded by 
Concordia E. and SE. Rapides S. and SW. 
and by Ouachitta N W. and N. ; length 80 m. 
mean width 25 ; area 2,000 sq. ms. Surface 
hilly in the SW. part, and level in the NE. It 
is nearly intersected into two equal sections 
by Ouachitta river. The soil is in general 
extremely sterile, and covered with pine tim- 
ber. Some very productive tracts lie along 
the streams, upon the small prairies, and on 
Sicily island. Staples, cotton, live stock, and 
lumber. No town of any consequence. 

CATAHOOLA, r. of La. rises in the par- 
ishes of Natchitoches and Ouachitta, and 
flowing SE. enters the parish of the same 
name, expands into a lake 30 m. in length, by 
from 3 to 6 m. wide, turns E. contracts again 
to a river of about 70 yards wide, flows 10 m. 
and joins the Ouachitta and forms Black river, 
after an entire comparative course of 120 m. 
The country drained by the Catahoola is gen- 
erally sterile pine woods. 

CATAHOOLA, lake of La. This lake is 
remarkable. It is a natural reservoir, filled 
and emptied by turns. When the Mississippi 
river is rising, it throws a volume over the 
intermediate space into the Ouachitta, which 
thus swelled, forces the current to repulse into 
the Catahoola lake, which then becomes filled ; 
but as the Mississippi depresses, the water 
drains from the lake, and in autumn, its bot- 



tom becomes one great meadow of succulent 
herbage, with the river winding its devious 
way through its wide-spread plain. 
CATAHOOLA, t. Rapid co. La. 
CATAHUNK, one of the Elizabeth islands, 
Mass. 

CATAKA INDIANS, N. A. at the head 
of Tongue r. La. No. 300. 

CATALINA, harbor, on the E. coast of 
Newfoundland, S. from Cape Bonavista. Lon. 
124° 50' E. ; lat. 48° 40' N. 
| CATARACT RIVER, N. A. falls into the 
Columbia, about 200 m. from its mouth. 

CATARAUGUS, co. SW. part of N. Y. 
bounded N. by Niagara and Genesee cos. E. 
by Alleghany co. S. by Pa. and W. by Cha- 
tauque co. Pop. 16,726. Ellicottville is the 
chief town. 

CATARAUGUS, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. 
469 m. from W. 

CATARAUGUS, r. N. Y. which after a 
W. course of 40 m. falls into Lake Erie, 25 m. 
S. from Buffalo. 

CATARAUGUS RESERVATION, lies on 
the NE. side of the above r. and commencing 
4 m. from its mouth, it extends 10 m. along 
the r. and is 4 wide, containing about 37,000 
acres. The number of Indians is about 700, 
among whom a mission is established by the 
United Foreign Mission Society. 

CATAWBA, r. which rises in NW. part 
of N. C. and passes into S. C. where it takes 
the name of Wateree. It unites with the 
Congaree about 30 m. SE. from Columbia, to 
form the Santee. 

CATAWESSY, t. Northumberland co. Pa. 
on S. side of the Susquehannah, at the en- 
trance of a small r. of the same name, 26 m. 
ENE. from Sunbury, and 144 WNW. from 
Philadelphia. 

CATAWISSA, t. Columbia co. Pa. on the 
E. branch of the Susquehannah, 20 m. NE. 
from Sunbury. Pop. 2,520. 

CATETANT CREEK, r. N. Y. which 
joins the Oswego ; 23 in. long. 

CATFISH FALLS, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. 
192 m. NW. from Albany. 

CATHARINE, t. Tioga co. N. Y. 18 m. 
W. from Spencer. 

CATHARINESTOWN, t. Tioga co. N. 
Y. 165 m. NW. from New York, and 200 
WSW. from Albany. 

CATHANTS, r. Me. which runs S. into 
Merrymeeting bay, at Bowdoinham. 

CATHERINE'S, St. island on the coast of 
Geo. in lat. 31° 30' N. ; lon. 81° W. 
CATILE, v. Rapide co. La. 
CAT ISLAND, on the coast of La. and 
Miss, about 6 m. long by one quarter of a, 
mile mean width ; lying between the passes 
of Marianne and SE. It was on the outside 
of this island that the British fleet lay during 
the invasion of La. 1814 and 1815 ; 53 m. 
NE. by E. from New Orleans. 

CAT ISLAND, the name at present given 
to Guanahani, or St. Salvador, one of the Ba- 
hamas, and the spot where the first discovery 
of America was made. Columbus discovered 
this island on the 12th of October, 1492, land- 



224 



CAT — CAT 



ed upon it, and took formal possession in the 
name of the king- and queen of Spain. The 
island is about 60 m. long- and 12 wide, but is 
not a place of any commercial or political im- 
portance. It is in lat. 24° 30' N. ; Ion 75° W. 

CATISTOBOLE, r. W. Florida, runs into 
the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 85° 16' W. 

CATLETTSBURG, v. Greenup co. Ken. 

CATLIN, t. Tioga co. N. Y. 

CATO, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. on S. side of 
lake Ontario, 24 m. N. from Auburn. Fop. 
1,781. 

CATOCHE, Cape, NE. promontory of Yu- 
catan, in N. America, where the English ad- 
venturers from Jamaica first attempted to cut 
logwood. Lon. 8° 50' W. ; lat. 22° 8' N. See 
Honduras. 

CATS CREEK MILLS, v. Washington co. 
Ohio ; 327 m. from W. 

CATSKILL, r. N. Y. runs SE. and joins 
the Hudson at Catskill. Its mouth makes a 
good harbor for sloops. 

CATSKILL, t. and cap. Greene co. N. Y. 
on the Hudson, at the entrance of the Catskill. 
The village is built principally on a single 
street parallel to this creek, and contains the 
county buildings, 2 banks, an academy for fe- 
males, and 3 churches, viz. one for Presbyte- 
rians, one for Baptists, and one for Episcopa- 
lians. It is a place of considerable trade, 33 
m. below Albany, and 5 below Hudson. Pop. 
4,861. 

CATSKILL MOUNTAINS, a branch of 
the Shawangunk ridge, being a detached por- 
tion of the great Apalachian chain of moun- 
tains ; forking off from the ridge towards the 
north near the Hudson, and afterwards making 
a bend towards the west. The general height 
of these mountains is about 3,000 feet, and 
they abound with the most beautiful scenery, 
The quarter most visited by travellers is at 
the eastern extremity of the ridge, where on 
a spot called the Pine Orchard, 2,274 feet 
above the waters of the Hudson, has lately 
been erected an elegant hotel, called the Cats- 
kill Mountain House. Few places of fash 
ionable resort, (says Mr. John Marshall, to 
whom we are indebted for this interesting 
sketch of the place) present stronger attrac 
tions to the tourist than this spot. A few years 
ago this delightful retreat was almost un 
known and rarely visited, but by the hardy 
hunter in pursuit of the deer, the bear, and 
the wolf, who had hitherto maintained undis 
turbed possession of its cliffs and caverns. At 
length the tale of the extent and beauty of 
the prospect, and the grandeur of the scenery, 
drew the attention of individuals of taste, and 
the glowing descriptions they gave, effectually 
roused the attention of the public. Each sue 
cessive season the number of visitors increas- 
ed, till the temporary buildings, at first erect 
ed for their accommodation, gave place to a 
splendid hotel, 140 feet in length, and 4 stories 
high. This establishment was erected by the 
Mountain Association at an expense of about 
$22,000. It occupies the eastern verge of a 
table of rock some six acres in extent. An 
excellent line of stages is established to tins 



place from Catskill, a distance of 12 m. The 
ride to the foot of the mountain is not partic- 
ularly interesting — but as you ascend, every 
moment develops something magnificent and 
new. The sides of the mountain, steep and 
seemingly inaccessible, tower far above you, 
clothed in the rich, deep foliage peculiar to 
such regions ; while below your path a clear 
stream runs, one moment bubbling over its 
rocky bed, and the next leaping down in cas- 
cades to the valley. The road is extremely 
circuitous, and so completely hemmed in by 
the luxuriant growth of forest trees, that the 
traveller is for a long time unable to judge of 
his progress in the ascent by any view of the 
country he has left. At an abrupt angle of 
the road, however, he obtains at once a full 
view of the Mountain House — perched like 
the eyrie of an eagle among the clouds — or 
rather like the enchanted castle in a fairy 
tale ; seemingly inaccessible to mortal foot, 
still it reminds him of such terrestrial com- 
forts as are sure to be acceptable after exer- 
cise in the pure air of the mountains. An- 
other turn, and it again disappears, and the 
traveller next finds himself on the level rock 
of the Pine Orchard, and approaching the 
hotel from the rear. A moment more, and he 
is on the edge of the precipice in front of the 
noble building. From this lofty eminence all 
inequalities of surface are overlooked. A 
seemingly endless succession of woods and 
waters — farms and villages, towns and cities, 
are spread out as upon a boundless map. Far 
beyond rise the Tagkannuc mountains, and 
the highlands of Connecticut and Massachu- 
setts. To the left, and at a still greater dis- 
tance, the Green mountains of Vermont stretch 
away to the north, and their blue summits and 
the blue sky mingle together. The beautiful 
Hudson, studded with islands, appears nar- 
rowed in the distance, with steam-boats almost 
constantly in sight ; while vessels of every de- 
scription, spreading their white canvas to 
the breeze, are moving rapidly over its surface, 
or idly loitering in the calm. These may be 
traced to the distance of nearly seventy miles 
with the naked eye ; and again at times all 
below is enveloped in dark cloud and rolling 
mist, which, driven about by the wind, is con- 
tinually assuming new, wild, and fantastic 
forms. From the Pine Orchard a ride or walk 
of a mile or two brings you to the Kauterskill 
falls. Here the outlet of two small lakes, 
leaps down a perpendicular fall of 180 feet — 
then glides away through a channel worn in 
the rock, to a second fall of 80 feet. Below 
this it is lost in the dark ravine through which 
it finds its way to the valley of the Catskill. 
The waterfall, bold as it is, forms however but 
one of the many interesting features of this 
scene. Standing on the edge of the first fall, 
you look down into a dreary chasm, whose 
steep sides, covered with the dark ivy and the 
thick foliage of summer, seem like a green 
bed prepared for the reception of the waters. 
Making a circuit from this spot, and descend- 
ing about midway of the first fall, you enter a 
footpath which conducts into an irnmense nat 



/ 



CAU — CEN 



ural amphitheatre behind the waterfall. The 
effect of this scene is imposing- beyond de- 
scription. Far over your head projects a 
smooth surface of rock, forming a magnificent 
ceiling to this amphitheatre. In front is the 
ever-falling water, and beyond, the wild moun- 
tain dell with the clear blue sky above. 

CAUGHENEWAGA, v. Montgomery co. 
N. Y. 404 m. from W. 

CAVAILLON, t. St. Domingo; on the 
NW. peninsula, 16 m. W. by S. from St. 
Louis. 

CAVAZATES, t, Cuba, 120 m, E. from 
Havannah. 

CAVENDISH, t. Windsor co. Vt. on Black 
r. Pop. 1,498. 

CAVESVILLE, v. Orange co. Va. 119 m. 
from W. 

CAWENISQUE, r. Pa. which runs into 
the Tioga on the borders of N. Y. 

CAYES, Les, t. St. Domingo, 13 leagues 
W. by S. from St. Louis. Lat. 18° 12' N. 

CAYUGA, co. N. Y. E. of Cayuga lake, 
bounded N. by lake Ontario and Oswego co. 
E. by Oswego, Onondaga, and Courtland cos. 
S. by Tompkins co. and W. by Cayuga lake, 
Seneca and Ontario cos. Pop. 47,947. Chief 
town, Auburn. 

CAYUGA, v. in Aurelius, N. Y. on E. side 
of Cayuga lake; 179 m. W. from .Albany, 
and 386 from W. It contained in 1812 40 
houses. 

CAYUGA, lake, N. Y. commences at the 
mouth of Fall creek, in Tomkins co. and ex- 
tending nearly north, with a mean width of 
2 m. 40 m. to the village of Cayuga, where it 
again contracts into a small river, which a 
short distance below Cayuga, unites with tiie 
Seneca outlet. Cayuga lake forms part of 
the natural channel of water communication 
from the grand canal of N. Y. to the Susque- 
hannah r. A steam-boat already runs between 
Ithaca and Cayuga. 

CAYUGA, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. on the 
right bank of Cayuga outlet, on the road from 
Auburn to Geneva, 10 m. from the former, and 
12 from the latter place. 

CAYUGA CREEK, r. N. Y. which unites 
with Buffalo creek in SE. corner of Buffalo. 
Length 28 m. 

CAYUTA, t. Tioga co. N. Y. 10 m. NW. 
from Spencer. Pop. 642. 

CAYUTA CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs 
S. into the Susquehannah, near its union with 
the Tioga. Length 35 m. 

CAZENOVIA, t. and cap. Madison co. N. 
Y. ; 130 m. WNW. from Albany, 386 from W. 
Pop. 4,344. Here is a pleasant and flourishing 
village, which contains a court-house, a jail, a 
printing-office, a Presbyterian meeting-house, 
and has considerable trade and manufactures. 

CECIL, co. part Md. bounded N. by Penn- 
sylvania, E. by Delaware, S. by Kent co. and 
W. by Chesapeake Bay and the Susquehannah. 
Pop. 15,432. Chief town, Elkton. 

CECIL, t. Washington co. Pa. 

CEDAR CREEK, r. N. J. which runs into 
the Atlantic, lat. 39° 55' N. 

CEDAR, creek and t. in the northern part 
2D 



225 

of Shenandoah co. Va. ; 180 m. NW. from 
Richmond. 

CEDAR, t. Howard co. Miso. 

CEDAR, lake, British N. America, between 
Lake Winnipeg and the Saskatchewine river. 
Lon. 22° 30'^ff ora W. lat. 53 3 N. 

CEDAR CREEK, Rockbridge co. Va. runs 
into James river. The Natural Bridge, over 
this creek, is 12 m. S. from Lexington, and is 
a great curiosity. The river runs through a 
chasm, which is 90 feet wide at the top. The 
sides are 250 feet high, and almost, perpen- 
dicular. The bridge is a huge rock thrown 
across this chasm at the top. It is 60 feet 
wide, and covered with earth and trees, and 
forms a sublime spectacle when beheld from 
the margin of the creek. 

CEDAR CREEK, runs into the Missouri 
from the N. in St. Charles co. Miso. 

CEDAR CREEK, r. N. J. which runs into 
the Atlantic, lat. 39° 55' N. 

CEDAR CREEK, r. Delaware, which runs 
into Delaware Bay, lat. 38° 56' N. 

CEDAR CREEK, r. S. C. which runs into 
the Great Pedee. 

CEDAR CREEK, v. Monmouth co. N. J. 
about 60 m. E. from Philadelphia. 

CEDAR-CREEK-MOUTH, v. Franklin co. 
Kentucky. 

CEDAR GROVE, t. Union district, S. C. 
about 70 m. NW. from Columbia. 

CEDAR ISLAND, small isl. in the Atlan- 
tic, near the coast of Va. 

CEDAR POINT, cape on the coast of Ma- 
ryland, at the mouth of the Patuxent. 

CEDAR POINT, s-p. Charles co. Md. on 
the Potomac ; 12 m. SSE. from Port Tobacco, 
69 SSW. from Baltimore. 

CEDAR RIVER, r. Miss, which runs S. 
into the Gulf of Mexico. It is E. of the Pas- 
cagoula, and unites with it at its mouth. 

CEDAR RIVER, or Kechikigon, r. North- 
West Territory, which runs into Lake Michi- 
gan. 

CEDAR SHOALS, t. Chester district, S. C. 
88 m. N. from Columbia. 

CEDARS, v. U. C. on the left bank of St. 
Lawrence, 30 m. above Montreal. 

CEDARVILLE, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 

CEDARVILLE, v. Cumberland co. Va. 

CEDARVILLE, Cumberland co. N. J. ; 191 
m. from W. 

CELAYA, t. Mexico. Lon. 101° 5' W. lat. 
21° N. 

CENTERVILLE, v. Bibb co. Ala. on the 
Cahaba river, about 70 m. N. from the v. of 
Cahaba. 

CENTRAL SQUARE, v. Oswego co. N. Y. 
120 m. NW. by W. from Albany. 

CENTRE, co. central part of Pa. ; bounded 
N. by Lycoming co. E. by Northumberland co. 
S. by Mifflin and Huntingdon cos. and W. by 
Clearfield co. Pop. 18,765. Chief town, Belle- 
fonte. 

CENTRE, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,103. 

CENTRE, t. Guilford co. N. C. 69 m. NW. 
from Raleigh. 
CENTRE, t. Natchitoches parish, La, 



226 



CEN— CHA 



CENTRE, t. Greene co. Pa. 

CENTRE, t. Union co. Pa. 

CENTRE, t. Monroe co. Ohio. 

CENTRE, t. Morgan co. Ohio. 

CENTRE-FURNACE, v. Centre co. Pa. 

CENTRE-HARBOR, t. Strafford co. N. H. 
on N. side Lake Winnipiseogee ; 36 m. N. 
from Concord, 552 from W. Pop. 377. 

CENTREVILLE, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. 

CENTREVILLE, v. Crawford co. Pa. 

CENTREVILLE, t. Fairfield co. Ohio; 14 
m. NW. from Lancaster, 14 SE. from Colum- 
bus. 

CENTREVILLE, t. and cap. Queen Anne 
co. Md. ; 15 m. S. from Chester, 21 N. from 
Easton, 71 from W. It is pleasantly situated 
in a fertile tract of country, and contains 
a court-house, a jail, a Methodist meeting- 
house, and about 50 houses, and is a place of 
some trade. 

CENTREVILLE, t. Fairfax co. Va. ; 23 
m. W. by S. from W. 

CENTREVILLE, t. Pendleton co. S. C; 
570 m. from W. 

CENTREVILLE, t. Livingston co. Ken. ; 
834 m. from W. Here is an academy. 

CENTREVILLE, t. Montgomery co. Ohio ; 
&4n. SE. from Dayton. 

CENTREVILLE, v. Fairfield co. Ohio; 14 
m. SE. from Columbus. 

CENTREVILLE, t. Gallia co. Ohio. 

CENTREVILLE, t. Wilkes co. Geo. 89 m. 
NW. from Milledgeville. 

CENTREVILLE, v. Fayette co. Ken. with 
an academy. 

CENTREVILLE, Columbiana co. Ohio, 
150 m. NE. from Columbus. 

CENTREVILLE, v. and seat of justice, in 
Wayne co. Indiana, on the main fork of the 
W. branch of White- water river. 

CERESTOWN, t. M'Kean co. Pa. 

CERF, Isle au, small isl. in the St. Law- 
rence, at the confluence of the river Des Prai- 
ries. 

CESAR'S CREEK, t. Greene county, Ohio. 
Pop. 649. 

CHABAQUIDDICK, isl. Mass. near the E. 
end of Martha's Vineyard. 

CHACTOOLE BAY, NW. coast of Ameri- 
ca, S. of Norton Sound, between cape Denbigh 
and Besborough Island. 

CHAFALIA, properly Atchafalaya, a di- 
verging branch of the Mississippi river. 

CHAGRINE RIVER, r. Ohio, which runs 
into Lake Erie, in NE. part of Cuyahoga co. 

CHAGRINE RIVER, v. Cuyahoga co. Ohio; 
483 m. from W. 

CHAGUE, r. of N. America, in the province 
of Panama, rises on the isthmus of Darien be- 
tween the Bay of Panama, and Point San Bias, 
and flowing W. by comparative courses 60 m. 
turns to N. 30 m. falls into the Caribbean sea, 
between Porto Bello and Conception. It is 
navigable only a short distance for sea-vessels 
to Cruces ; but for boats down stream, it is the 
channel of commerce between the two oceans. 

CHALCO, t. Mexico, 18 m. SE. of the city 
of Mexico. 

CHALEUR, large bay of the Gulf of St. 



Lawrence, separating N. Brunswick from L. C, 
Ristigouche river enters its head, lat. 48° N. 

CHALK LEVEL, v. Pittsylvania co. Va. 

CHAMBERSBURG, t. bor. and cap. Frank- 
lin co. Pa. ; 14 m. N. from Maryland line, o2 
W. from York, 76 NW. from Baltimore, 137 
W. from Philadelphia, 92 from W. Lat. 39° 
57' N. Pop. in 1820, 2,300, and in 1830, 2,794 
It is situated on elevated ground at the conflu- 
ence of Falling Spring with Conococheague 
creek, which afford excellent seats for manu- 
factories and mills. Here are now in opera- 
tion a large merchant-mill, a paper-mill, an 
oil-mill, a fulling-mill, 2 breweries, and a spin- 
ning factory with about 600 spindles. It has 
also manufactories of excellent cutlery. It is 
a pleasant, flourishing, and healthy town, and 
contains a court-house, a jail, county offices, a 
market-house, a bank, an academy, and 7 
houses of public worship. Several of the 
churches are large, having spires with 2 bells 
in each. In the vicinity of the town there are 
large quantities of blue lime-stone, freestone, 
and marble. It is on the turnpike from Har- 
risburg to Pittsburg, and there is also a turn- 
pike from the borough to Baltimore. The 
surrounding country is fertile and well culti- 
vated. 

CHAMBERS CREEK, Orange co. N. Y. 
a small stream near Newburgh, on which is 
erected a cannon foundery. 

CHAMBLY, Seigniory, in Kent and Bed- 
ford cos. L. C. on the river Sorrel, 12 m. E. 
Montreal. Here is a fort, and a village of 
about 100 houses. 

CHAMPAIGN, co. Ohio, on Mad river, a 
branch of the Miami. Pop. 12,130. Chief 
town, Urbanna. 

CHAMPION, t. Jefferson co. N. York, on 
Black river, at the head of the Long Falls ; 52 
m. N. from Rome, 161 NW. Albany. Pop. 
2,342. 

CHAMPION, t Trumbull co. Ohio, 4 m. N. 
from Warren. 

CHAMPION, v. in Painesville, Ohio. 

CHAMPL AIN, t. and port of entry, Clinton 
co. N. Y. on lake Champlain, 15 m. N. from 
Plattsburg, 185 from Albany. Pop. 2,456. It 
is watered by the Chazy, and contains numer- 
ous mills. 

CHAMPLAIN, Lake, between New York 
and Vermont. Its whole length from White- 
hall, at its southern extremity, to its termina- 
tion 24 m. N. of the Canada line, is 128 m. ; its 
breadth varies from half a mile to 16 m. Its 
surface covers about 600 sq. ms. The princi- 
pal streams which flow into it from the east, 
are the Missisque, Lamoil, Onion, and Otter 
creek ; those from the west are the Chazy, Sa- 
ranac, Sable, the waters of lake George, and 
Wood creek. The whole extent of country 
drained by these waters, is between 6 and 7,000 
sq. ms. There are several large islands in the 
northern part of the lake, the principal of which 
are North and South Hero, and Isle Lamotte. 
The outlet of the lake is the river Sorel, which 
runs N. into the St. Lawrence. About 800 tons 
of shipping are employed on the lake, owned 
principally at Burlington, and in the eummer 



CHA-CHA 



227 



season a steam-boat plies from Whitehall to St. 
John's through its whole length. A battle was 
fought on this lake on the 11th of Sept. 1814, 
in which the American fleet under commodore 
Macdonough gained a complete victory over 
the British. 

CHANCEFORD, Upper, t. York co. Pa. 

CHANCELLOR VILLE, v. Spottsylvania 
co Va. 75 m. N. from Richmond. 

CHANDELEUR ISLANDS, in the gulf of 
Mexico, near the coast of W. Florida. 

CHANDLER'S RIVER, r. Me. which runs 
into Englishman's bay. 

CHAPALA, the largest lake of Mexico. It 
lies just above lat. 20° N. about 120 m. W. of 
the city of Mexico, and is 90 m. long and 20 
broad, covering an area of 1225 sq. ms. 

CHAPEL HILL, v. Orange co. N. C. on a 
branch of Cape Fear river, about 14 m. S. from 
Hillsborough, and 24 W from Raleigh. The 
situation, in an elevated and broken country, is 
pleasant and healthy. It is the seat of the 
University of N. C. This seminary was incor- 
porated in 1788, and liberally supported by 
public donations, and private benefaction. The 
revenues are at present ample. It has 9 in- 
structors, and 69 students. The libraries have 
about 5,000 volumes. The studies of which a 
knowledge is required in order to gain admis- 
sion to this institution are Caesar's Comment- 
aries, Sallust, Virgil, Mair's Introduction, and 
ten chapters of St. John's Gospel. The studies 
during the first two years, are the languages 
and geography ; during the third year, mathe- 
matics ; and during the fourth, natural, intel- 
lectual, and moral philosophy. The annual 
expenses for board, tuition, &c. amount to about 
140 dollars. The commencement is held on 
the first Thursday in June, after which there 
is a vacation of 6 weeks ; there is another va- 
cation of 4 weeks in December. 

CHAPLINTON, t. Barren co. Ken. 

CHAPMAN, t Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 400. 

CHAPTICO, t. St. Mary's co. Md. 12 m. 
NW. from Leonardtown, and 56 from W. 

CHARATON, east, and Charaton, west, 2 
rivers of Missouri, rising in the angle between 
Les Moines river, and Grand river, and flow- 
ing S. fall into the Missouri 220 m. above St. 
Louis, and 120 below the mouth of Kansas r. 

CHARDON, t. and seat of justice, Geauga 
co. Ohio, 12 m. from the mouth of Grand river, 
160 NE. from Columbus. Lat. 41° 35' N. ; 
Jon. from W. 4° 15' W. 

CHARETTE, t. Montgomery co. Miso. on 
the N. side of the Missouri river, 40 m. above 
St. Chariea. 

CHARITON, co, Miso bounded S. by Mis- 
souri river and Howard co. W. by Ray co. E. 
by Ralls co. and N. by the state line. This 
county is drained by the two Charaton rivers. 
Chief town, Chariton. Lat. 39° 30' N. ; Ion. 
from W. 15° 30' W. 

CHARITON, t and cap. of a county lately 
Bet off" from Howard co. Missouri, is under a 
bluff' on the river of the same name, at the 
■confluence of the Little Chariton. It contains 
several handsome brick houses, a saw and grist 



mill, a distillery, and 2 hotels. It is 25 m. W 
from Franklin. Pop. about 300. 

CHARLEMONT, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 

CHARLEMONT, t. Franklin co. Mass. 14 
m. W. from Greenfield, 110 WNW. from Bos- 
ton. Pop. 1,065. 

CHARLES, co. Md. bounded N. by Prince 
George co. E. by St. Mary's co. SW. and W. 
by the Potomac. Pop. 17,666. Chief town, 
Port Tobacco. 

CHARLES, r. Mass. which flows into Bos- 
ton harbor, near that town. 

CHARLES, Cape, the N. point of an island 
in the S. channel of Hudson's Strait, leading 
into Hudson's bay. Lon. 74° 15' W.; lat. 
62° 46' N. 

CHARLES, Cape, Va. the N. cape at the 
entrance of Chesapeake bav. Lon. 75° 58' W. ; 
lat. 37° 15' N. 

CHARLES, St. a parish of the E. District 
of Louisiana, lying on both sides of the Mis- 
sissippi, bounded on the N. by the lakes Mau- 
repas and Ponchartrain ; it is a swampy dis- 
trict, containing about 300 sq. ms. Pop. 5,107 
The court-house of the district is 45 m. W 
from New Orleans. 

CHARLESBURG, t. Montgomery co. Md. 
26 m. from W. 

CHARLES CITY, co. Va. on the peninsula 
between James and Chickahominy rivers; 
length, 26 m.; mean width, 8; surface hilly, 
or rolling. Staples, grain, flour, and tobacco. 
Pop. 5,504. 

CHARLESTON, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 
on S. side of the Mohawk, 40 m. WNW. from 
Albany, 412 from W. Pop. 2,148. It is of 
large extent, and contains 4 houses of public 
worship. 

CHARLESTON, t. Cecil co. Md. 10 m. W, 
from Elkton, 47 NNE. from Baltimore, and 63 
from W. Pop. 300. It has an academy and 
a meeting-house. 

CHARLESTON, t. and cap. Clarke co. In. 
2 m. from the Ohio, 14 above the falls, 14 SW. 
from Madison, 613 from W. 

CHARLESTON, v. Cheshire co. N. H. on 
Connecticut r. 51 m. W. from Concord. 

CHARLESTON, t. and seat of justice, in 
Clarke co. In. near the Ohio r. and the mouth 
of Eleven mile creek, 15 m. above Louisville. 
Lat. 38° 28' N. ; lon. from W. 8° 38' W. 

CHARLESTON, t. on the SW. side of the 
island of Nevis, in the West Indies. It is the 
seat of government, and defended by a fort. 

CHARLESTON, isl. at the bottom of Hud- 
son's bay. Lon. 79° 5' W. ; lat 52° 3' N. 

m CHARLESTON, city and s-p. S. C. in a 
district of the same name ; 120 m. SSE. from 
Columbia, 118 NE. from Savannah, 580 SSW. 
from Baltimore, 771 SSW. from New York, 
544 from W. Lon. 79° 54' W. ; lat. 32° 47' N. 
It is situated on a point of land, made by the 
junction of the rivers Cooper and Ashley, which 
by their union form a commodious harbor, 
opening to the ocean below Sullivan's Island, 
seven miles below the city. The passage over 
the bar at the mouth of the harbor, though 
deep and safe, is difficult to find. It is strongly 



228 



CHA-CHA 



CHARLESTON. 




REFERENCES. Boroughs.— (1) Cannon, (2) Radcliffe, (3) Wragg, (4) Mazyck, (5) Hampstead. 

Public Places.— (A) United States arsenal, (B) Potter's Field, (C) Places of worship, (D) Citadel, (E) 
Public Square, (F) Fort Washington, (G) Arsenal, (H) Markets, (I) Orphans' house, (K) Baths, (L) Public 
landing, (M) Theatre. 

(a) Bank of U. States, (b) State Bank, (c) Bank of S. Carolina, (e) Planters' and Merchants' Bank, (f) 
Union Bank, (g) City Hall, (h) Court-house, (i) State Offices, ( j) Circus, (k) Medical College, (1) Poor-house, 
(m) Work-house, (n) Hospital, (o) Jail, (p) Exchange, (q) Foundery, (r) Steam Mill, (s) Martello Tower, 
(t) Lucas Mill, (u) Mill-pond, (v) Canal, (w) Bennett's Ford, (x) Saw Mill, (y) Wind Mill, (z) Moore's w. 




CHARLESTON EXCHANGE. 



defended by 3 forts on different islands in the 
harbor. It contains 10 or 12 respectable pub- 
lic buildings, and 18 or 20 churches. Most of 
them are handsome, and some of them mag- 
nificent. There are but 3 or 4 larger city 
libraries in the United States, than that of 
Charleston. It contains between 13 and 14,000 
volumes. The orphan asylum is a noble and 
munificent charity, which maintains and edu- 
cates 130 orphan children. There is a fund 
also for educating at the South Carolina college 
such boys as manifest distinguished talents. 
Many of the charitable institutions of this hos- 
pitable city are munificently endowed, and af- 
ford ample and efficient relief to the various 
species of distress, for the alleviation of which 
they are designed. It is regularly laid out ; 



and handsomely and in some parts splendidly 
built. The site w r as originally low and marshy ; 
but the low places have been filled up, and so 
raised that the streets are perfectly dry. The 
houses are spacious, and have piazzas to court 
the breeze. The squares are shaded with the 
pride of China and other beautiful trees, and 
the gardens with, orange trees, and the inhab- 
itants have had the taste to surround their 
dwellings ftith the multiflora rose, and other 
ornamental shrubs and fragrant flowering 
plants, which impart to a northern stranger 
the idea of a tropical flower garden. Though 
this city has been more than once desolated 
by the yellow fever, it is considered healthier 
for acclimated inhabitants, than the surround- 
ing country. The planters from the low coun- 



CHA-CHA 



229 



try and many opulent strangers from the West 
Indies come here to spend the sickly months, 
and to enjoy the elegant and enlightened soci- 
ety, with which this city abounds. The city 
owns a large amount of shipping, and in the 
value of its exports is the fourth city in the 
union. By the way of Norfolk and across the 
bays, it has rapid and easy steam-boat commu- 
nications with the northern cities. In 1820, 
the population was 24,780, of which more than 
half were slaves. In 1830, 30,289. 

CHARLESTOWN, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 
1 m. N. of Boston. Pop. 8,787. The principal 
part of the town is beautifully situated on a 
peninsula formed by Mystic and Charles 
rivers, which unite immediately below in Bos- 
ton harbor. A bridge across Charles r. con- 
nects the town with Boston, and two others 
across Mystic r. connect it with Maiden, and 
with Chelsea. There is also a bridge across 
a bay of Charles r. on the west side of the 
town, connecting it with Cambridge. The 
public buildings are the state prison, the Mas- 
sachusetts insane hospital, an alms-house, 
town-house, and 5 houses for public worship, 
viz. 2 for Congregationalists, 1 for Baptists, I 
for Universalists, and 1 for Methodists. — A 
navy-yard of the U. S. occupies the SE. part 
of the town. It consists of about 60 acres of 
land, on which are erected a marine hospital, 
a spacious ware-house, an arsenal, powder 
magazine, and a house for the accommodation 
of the superintendent, ah of brick; and 2 
immense wooden edifices, under which the 
largest vessels of war are built. The cele- 
brated battle of " Breed's Mil" commonly, but 
incorrectly called " Bunker hill battle," was 
fought in this town, June 17, 1775. 

CHARLESTOWN, v. Washington co. R. 
I. It is remarkable for being the residence of 
the greater part of the Narraganset Indians 
that still remain in this state. They are 
peaceable and well disposed towards the go- 
vernment, and speak the English language. 

CHARLESTOWN, t Jefferson co. Va. 20 
m. NE. from Winchester, 8 S. from Shep- 
herdstown, and 63 from W. 

CHARLESTOWN, t. Kenhawa co. Va. on 
the Kenhawa, near the mouth of Elk r. 

CHARLESTOWN, t Mason co. Ken. on 
the Ohio, at the mouth of Laurens' creek, 6 
m. N. from Washington, and 60 NE. from 
Lexington. 

CHARLESTOWN, t. Portage co. Ohio, 4 
m. W. from Ravenna. 

CHARLESTOWN, chief town of the isl- 
and of Nevis, in the W. Indies. Lon. 62 3 40' 
W.: lat. 17° 8' N. 

CHARLESTOWN, New, town of Penob- 
scot co. Maine, 28 m. NNW. from Bangor. 
Pop. 859. 

CHARLESTOWN, v. Cecil co. Md. on the 
W. side of N. East r. 10 m. W. from Elkton. 

CHARLESTOWN, t. Brooke co. Va. 

CHARLESTOWN, v. Lancaster co. Pa. 
on E. bank of the Susquehannah, 4 m. below 
Columbia. 

CHARLESTOWN, t. Jefferson co. Va. 20 
m. NE. from Winchester. 



CHARLOTTE, or Port Genesee, v. in 
Gates, Genesee co. N. Y. at the mouth of the 

Genesee. 

CHARLOTTE, co. N. Brunswick ; bound- 
ed S. by the bay of Fundy, and W. by the St. 
Croix and Passamaquoddy bay. Chief town, 
St. Andrews. 

CHARLOTTE, t. on the E. side of lake 
Champlain, in Chittenden co. Vt. at the dis- 
tance of 10 m. S. of Burlington, and 13 N. of 
Vergennes. 

CHARLOTTE, v. Monroe co. N. Y. on 
Braddock's bay. The village is at the mouth 
of Genesee r. 

CHARLOTTE, co. Va. on Staunton river ■ 
bounded by Lunenburg E. Mecklenburg SE. 
Halifax or Roanoke r. SW. Campbell NW. 
Buckingham and Prince Edward NE. length 
33 m. mean breadth 18; area 600 sq. ms. 
Part of the soil along- the streams is excellent. 
Chief town, Marvville. Pop. 15,254. 

CHARLOTTE, C. H. Charlotte co. Va. 105 
m. SW. from Richmond. 

CHARLOTTE, v. and seat of justice for 
Mecklenburg co. N. C. on Sugar creek, a 
branch of Catawba r. 46 m. S. of Statesville, 
and about the same distance SW. of Salisbury. 
Lat. 35° 16' N. ; lon. 3° 48' W. from W. 

CHARLOTTE, v. and seat of justice, Dick, 
son co. Ten. 30 m. W. from Nashville. Lat- 
36° 6' N. ; lon. 10° 15' W. from W. 

CHARLOTTE, v. S. C. at the junction of 
Tugaloo and Broad rivers. 

CHARLOTTE, r. bay and harbor, W. 
coast of E. Florida. The river rises in the in- 
terior of the peninsula, and flows W. into the 
bay. 

CHARL0TTE3URG, t. Brunswick co. N. 
Carolina. 

CHARLOTTE FORT, S. C. at the junction 
of the Tus'aioo and Broad rivers, the forks of 
Savannah nver. Lon. 82° 35' W. ; lat. 34° N. 

CHARLOTTE-HALL, t. St. Mary's co. 
Md.; 56 m. SSE. from W. It derives its 
name from an academy, which consists of 
3 brick buildings, calculated to accommodate 
100 students. The situation is elevated, pleas- 
ant, and healthv. 

CHARLOTTE'S BAY, on the SE. coast 
of Nova Scotia. Lat. 44° 35' N. 

CHARLOTTE'S TOWN. t. island of St 
John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. 

CHARLOTTE'S TOWN, Prince Edward's 
Island, in the bay of St. Lawrence ; on a deep 
bay, S. side of the island. 

CHARLOTTE'S-TOWN, formerly Rous 
seau, the capital of Dominica, 21 m. SE. of 
Prince Rupert's bav, on a point of land on the 
SW. side of the island. Lon. 61° 25' W. ; lat. 
15° 25' N. 

CHARLOTTESVILLE, t. and cap. Albe- 
marle co. Va. 86 m. WNW. from Richmond, 
40 SE. by E. from Staunton, and about 1 N. 
from Rivanna r. A college was established at 
Charlottesville in 1817, called Central college. 
It forms part of a grand plan of education re- 
cently adopted in the state of Virginia. The 
buildings are not yet completed, but they are 
said to surpass, in elegance of design, and 



230 



CHA — CHA 



beauty of architecture, every thing on this side 
of the Atlantic. 

CHARLOTTEVILLE, t. Norfolk co. U. C. 
on lake Erie. 

CHARLTON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 15 m. 
SW. from Worcester, and 60 SSW. from Bos- 
ton. Pop. 2,173. 

CHARLTON, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. 8 m. 
W. from Ballston, and 25 NW. from Albany. 
Pop. 2,023. 

CHARLTON, r. La. which runs into the 
Missouri, 220 m. from the Mississippi. 

CHARLTON ISLAND, Hudson's bay. 
Lon. 80° W. ; lat. 52° 12' N. 

CHARLTON ISLAND, small isl. at E. ex- 
tremity of lake Ontario. 

CHARON, r. U. C. runs into lake Superior, 
lon. 85° W. 

CHAROTTE, t. St. Charles co. Missouri 
Territory, on N. bank of the Missouri, 40 m. 
above St. Charles. 

CHARTIER'S CREEK, Pa. runs into the 
Ohio from the S. 5 m. below Pittsburg. It is 
navigable for boats to Morganza in its forks. 

CHASTANT'S BLUFF, in Ala. on the 
Mobile, 27 m. above Mobile. 

CHATAHOOCHEE, r. which rises in the 
Apalachian mountains, runs across the NW. 
of Geo. foi-ffis a part of the W. boundary 
of the state, dividing it from Alabama, and in 
lat. 30° 45' N. receives Flint r. and takes the 
name of Apalachicola. 

CHATAHOOSPA, r. W. Florida, runs into 
the Catahoochee, lat. 31° 43' N. 

CHATAUQUE, co. N. Y. ; bounded NW. 
by lake Erie, E. by Cataragus, S. by Pa. and 
W. by Ohio. Pop. 34,057. 

CHATAUQUE, lake, in Chatauque co. N. 
Y. 9 m. E. from lake Erie, 18 long, and from 
1 to 3 broad. The head of the lake is 9 m. 
from Dunkirk on lake Erie. A branch of the 
Conewango, which runs into the Alleghany r. 
flows from this lake. From the head of this 
lake there is a free navigation through the 
Conewango and Alleghany, to Pittsburg. 

CHATAUQUE, t. and cap. Chatauque co. 
N. Y. 30 m. SW. from Buffalo, 357 W. from 
Albany, and 439 from W. Pop. 2,432. 

CHATEAUGAY, Seigniory, Huntingdon 
co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. 
Lawrence, 13 m. SW. from Montreal. 

CHATEAUGAY, t. Franklin co. N. Y. 10 
m. E. from Malone. Pop. 2,016. 

CHATEAUGAY, v. Clinton co. N. Y. 586 
m. from W. 

CHATEAUGAY, r N. Y. in Franklin co. 
which runs into the St. Lawrence, opposite to 
Montreal. 

CHATHAM, co. central part of N. C. Pop. 
15,499. Chief town, Pittsborough. 

CHATHAM, co. E. part of Georgia. Pop. 
14,230. Chief town, Savannah. 

CHATHAM, t. Coos co. NH. 87 m. N. 
from Portsmouth. Pop. 419. 

CHATHAM, t. Stafford co. N. H. on the 
E. side of the White mountains. Pop. 419. 

CHATHAM, t. Middlesex co. Ct. on the E. 
side of Connecticut river, opposite Middle- 
town Pop. 3,646. Ship-building has long 



been an important business in this town, and 
several vessels of war, for the United States' 
service, have been built here. Here are also 
the noted and very valuable quarries of free- 
stone, called Connecticut stone. A large quan- 
tity of this stone, prepared for market, is sold 
in the neighborhood, or exported to distant 
parts of the country. 

CHATHAM, t. Barnstable co. Mass. in the 
SE. extremity of the state; 20 m. E. from 
Barnstable, 85 SE. from Boston, and 508 from 
W. Pop. 2,134. This town is remarkable for 
many shipwrecks on its shores. The inhab- 
itants are employed chiefly in the fisheries. 

CHATHAM, t. Kent co. U. C. extending 
from Thames r. to lake St. Clair. 
m CHATHAM, t. York co. L. C. on the N. 
side of Ottawa river. 

CHATHAM, t. Northumberland co. New 
Brunswick, on Miramachi river. It is well 
situated for carrying on the timber trade, and 
contains a handsome Presbyterian church. 

CHATHAM, t. Columbia co. N. Y. ; 18 m. 
NE. from Hudson, 350 from W. Pop. 3,538. 

CHATHAM, t. Morris co. N. J. on the Pas- 
saic ; 13 m. NW. Elizabethtown, 228 from W. 

CHATHAM, t. Chester co. Pa.; 121 m. 
from W. 

CHATHAM, t. Chesterfield co. S. C. on W. 
side of the Great Pedee ; 15 m. NNE. from 
Greenville, 150 NNE. from Charleston, 436 
from W. 

CHATHAM, or Punjo Bay, on the SW. 
coast of Florida. Lat. 25° 30' N. 

CHATHAM FOUR CORNERS, v. in the 
township of Chatham, Columbia co. N. Y. ; 346 
m. from W. This is a different town from 
that called Chatham in the same township. 

CHATHAM STRAIT, a channel on the 
W. coast of N. America. It divides King 
George the Third's Archipelago from Admi- 
ralty island. Lat. 58° N. lon. 134 W. 

CHAUDIERE FALLS, on the Ottawa river, 
U. C. 36 feet high. They are a little above 
the mouth of the river Radeau, and below Lake 
Chaudiere. 

CHAUDIERE LAKE is formed by the 
widening of the Ottawa river, above the mouth 
of the river Radeau, and below Lake Chat, 
U.C. 

CHAUDIERE RIVER, L. C. rises on the 
hilly region from which the Connecticut and 
Kennebec have their sources. It flows nearly 
N. from Megantic Lake, about 100 m. and falls 
into St. Lawrence 6 m. above Quebec. It was 
by the channel of this stream that Gen. Ar- 
nold reached the St. Lawrence river, early in 
the revolutionary war. It is a precipitous, and 
unnavigable stream. The scenery along its 
banks has excited the admiration of all travel 
lers who have visited it. 

CHAUMONT, a town of Jefferson co. New 
York, seated at the head of a small bay at the 
E. end of Lake Ontario, 187 m. NW. of Al- 
bany. 

CHAUMONT, bay of Lake Ontario, Jeffer 
son co. N. Y. to the N. of, and communicating 
by a strait with Sacket's Harbor. 

CHAZY, t. Clinton co. N. Y. W. from Lake 



CHA — CHE 



231 



Champlain; 186 m. N. from Albany, 529 from 
W. Pop. 3,097. 

CHAZY, two small rivers of N. Y. Clinton 
co. fall into the W. side of Lake Champlain. 

CHEAT, r. Va. runs into the Monongahela, 
3 or 4 m. within the Pennsylvania line. It is 
navigable for boats, except in dry seasons, and 
there is a portage of 37 m. to the Potomac. 

CHEBACCO, the 2d parish in Ipswich, 
Mass. ; 5 m. SSE. from Ipswich C. H. 12 NE. 
Salem. It is famous for building small ves- 
sels, called Chebacco-boats. Some business 
also is done here in the shore fishery, though 
the principal employment is agriculture. The 
village is 2 m. from the bay, on Chebacco river, 
which is navigable for sloops of 60 tons to the 
village. 

CHEBUCTO BAY, on the SE. coast of 
Nova Scotia. Lon. 63° 31' W. lat. 44° 40' N. 

CHEBUKTO, harbor, near Halifax, in Nova 
Scotia. Lon. 13° 18' E. from W. lat. 44° 
45' N. 

CHEBUOTEQUION is one of the lakes on 
the communication between Lake Simcoe and 
the Rice Lake, U. C. 

CHEDABUCTO, bay of the NE. coast of 
Nova Scotia, opening into the strait between 
Cape Breton and Nova Scotia. Lon. 15° 50' 
E. from W. lat. 45° 25' N. 

CHEEKS CROSS-ROADS, v. Hawkins co. 
Tennessee* 

CHEFUNCTI, r. La. falls into lake Pon- 
chartrain, at Madisonville. It is boatable 30 m. 

CHEGOIMEGON, Point, NW. Territory, 
a sandy point projecting into Lake Superior 
and forming the eastern side of a bay of the 
same name. The bay affords an excellent 
harbor for vessels, and next to that of Grand 
Isle, the best on the southern shore of the lake. 
Across its entrance is a chain of islands, 27 
m. E. Fond du Lac, 130 W. Keweena Point. 

CHELMSFORD, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 
on S. side of the Merrimack ; 25 m. NW. Bos-- 
ton, 462 from W. Pop. 1,387. Middlesex ca- 
nal commences here, near the head of which 
there is a manufactory of glass. Large quan- 
tities of beautiful granite, much used in build- 
ing, are obtained in this town, and transported 
down the canal, to Boston and vicinity. 

CHELSEA, t. and cap. Orange co. Vt. ; 22 
m. SSE. from Montpelier, 506 from W. Pop. 
1,958. 

CHELSEA, t. Suffolk co. Mass.; 6 m. NE. 
from Boston. It is connected with Charles- 
town by a bridge. Lon. 71° 0' W. lat 42° 25' 
N. Pop. 770. 

CHEMIUR, r. In. faUing into Lake Michi- 
gan. 

CHEMUNG, t. Tioga co. N. Y.; 10 m. 
SW. from Spencer, 198 WSW. from Albany, 
308 from W. Pop. 1,462. 

CHENAL ECARTE ISLE, U. C. near the 
entrance of the river St. Clair into Lake St. 
Clair, E. of Harsan's Island. It contains about 
300 acres of arable land; the other parts are 
meadow and marsh. 

CHENAL ECARTE, Isle de, U. C. in the 
river St. Lawrence, opposite the t. of Cornwall, 



contains from 7 to 800 acres. The Boil is 
good. 

CHENAL ECARTE RIVER, U. C. runs 

nearly parallel to the river Thames, and emp- 
ties itself at the entrance of the river St. 
Clair. 

CHENANGO, co. N. Y. bounded N. by 
Madison co. E. by Otsego and Delaware cos. 
S. by Broome co. W. by Broome and Court- 
landt cos. Pop. 37,406. Chief town, Nor- 
wich. 

CHENANGO, t. and cap. Broome co. N. Y. 
on the Susquehannah ; 40 m. SW from Nor- 
wich, 63 S. from Manlius, 148 WSW. from 
Albany, 295 from W. Pop. 3,716. 

CHENANGO, r. which runs SSW. through 
Chenango co. and joins the Susquehannah, 18 
m. E. from Owego. Length 90 m. 

CHENANGO FORKS, v. Broome co. N. Y. ; 
315 m. from W. 

CHENANGO POINT, Broome co. N. Y. 
at the junction of Chenango river with the 
Susquehannah. 

CHENE, Isle du, in Lake Ontario, lies off 
the easterly coast of Marysburgh, U. C. and 
close to the land. 

CHENE, Portage du, on the Ottawa river, 
immediately below Lake Chaudiere, U. C. 

CHENE, Riviere du, runs into the Bay of 
Michipicoten, Lake Superior, W. of r. Michi- 
picoten, U. C. 

CHENE, r. La. rises in the marshes SE. 
from the English Bend, below N. Orleans ; 
flows parallel to the Mississippi, and falls into 
Chandeleur Bay, about 10 m. E. from Fort St. 
Philip. An inlet connects the Chene with the 
Terra aux Bceufs river. 

CHENES, r. Plaquemines parish, La. which 
runs SE. into Black Lake. 

CHEPATCHET, flourishing v. Providence 
co. R. I. on Chepatchet creek, 16 m. NW. 
from Providence. 

CHEPATCHET CREEK, northwestern 
branch of Pawtucket river, rises in the NW. 
angle of Providence co. R. I. 

CKEPOOSEA, r. La. which runs into the 
Mississippi, lon. 90° 6' W. lat. 36° 16' N. 

CHER AW, v. Darlington district, S. C; 
240 m. from W. 

CHERAW HILLS, S. C. on W. side of the 
Great Pedee ; 10 m. NW. from Greenville. 

CHEROKEE CORNER, v. Oglethorpe co. 
Geo. ; 8-J m. from Athens, 675 from W. 

CHERRITON, t. Howard co. Missouri Ter- 
ritory, on the N. bank of the Missouri, 20 m. 
W. from Franklin. 

CHEERY, t. Wayne co. Pa. 

CHERRY CREEK rises at the foot of the 
Blue Mountain on the N. side in Northampton 
co. Pa. near the Windgap, and running ENE. 
along the foot of the mountain, falls into the 
Delaware, at its entrance into the Watergap. 
It is not navigable, is rapid, and has several 
mills erected on it. 

CHERRYFIELD, t. Washington co. Me. • 
30 m. W. from Machias. Pop. 583. 

CHERRY GROVE, t. St. Clair co. II. ; 59 
m. SW. from Vandalia, 



232 



CHE— CHE 



CHERRY PLAINS, v. Wake co. N. C; 
308 ra. from W. 

CHERRY RIDGE, t. Wayne co. Pa. 

CHERRYSTONE, a port of Va. 

CHERRYTREE, t. Venango co. Pa. 

CHERRYTON, s-p. of the Eastern Shore, 
Northainpton co. Va. 

CHERRY VILLE, t. Rapides parish, La. 

CHERRYVILLE, v. Northampton co. Pa. ; 
212 m. from W. 

CHERRY VALLEY, t. Otsego co. N. Y. ; 
14 m. NE. from Cooperstown, 53 W. from Al- 
bany, 384 from W. Pop. 4,098. Here is a 
large, handsome, and finely situated village, 
which contains an academy, a meeting-house, 
a printing-office, and has considerable trade. 
The 1st, 2d, and 3d Western Turnpikes meet 
here, and are intersected by other large 
roads. 

CHESADAWD LAKE, N. America, about 
210 m. NE. by E. of the E. end of Slave Lake, 
in the Hudson Bay Company's territory. 
m CHESAPEAKE BAY, of United States, 
n the states of Virginia and Maryland, and 
one of the largest in the known world. Its 
entrance is between Cape Charles and Cape 
Henry, 12 m. wide, and it extends 270 m. to 
the northward, dividing Virginia and Mary- 
land. It is from 7 to 20 m. broad, and gene- 
rally as much as 9 fathoms deep; affording 
many commodious harbors, and a safe and 
easy navigation. It receives the waters of the 
Susquehannah, Potomac, Rappahannock, York, 
and James rivers, which are all large and 
navigable. 

CHESAPEAKETOWN, v. Cecil co. Md. ; 
100 m. from W. 
CHESHIRE TOWNSHIP, Gallia co. Ohio, 
CHESHIRE, co. SW. part of N. H. bound- 
ed N. by Grafton co. E. by Hillsborough co. S. 
by Massachusetts, and W. by Vermont. Chief 
towns, Charlestown, Keene, and Walpole. Pop. 
27,016. 

CHESHIRE, t. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 17 m. 
NNE. from Lenox, 120 W. from Boston, 404 
from W. Pop. .1,049. It has a manufactory 
of window glass, and is celebrated for its ex- 
cellent cheese. 

CHESHIRE, t. New Haven, co. Ct ; 15 m. 
N. from New Haven, 318 from W. Pop. 1,764. 
It contains a respectable Episcopal academy, 
which has a principal and a professor of lan- 
guages. The anniversary is held on the first 
Wednesday m October. 

CHESNUT RIDGE, mt. which extends 
from Maryland NE. through Fayette and 
Westmoreland cos. Pa. 

CHESNUT CREEK, branch of the Ken- 
hawa in S. part of Va. 

CHESNUT HILL, t. Northampton co. Pa. 
on N. side of Blue Mountain. 

CHESNUT HILL, t. Stafford co.N.H.; 58 
from Concord. 

CHESNUT HILL, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. ; 
8 m. N. from Philadelphia. 

CHESNUT HILL, t. Orange co. Va.; 40 
m. NW. from Richmond. 

CHESNUT HILL, v. Jackson co. Geo. 



CHESNUT HILL, t. Hall co. Geo.; 80 m 

NNW. from Milledgeville. 

CHESNUT HILL, a township in North- 
ampton co. Pa. 

CHESTER, t. Windsor co. Vt. ; 16 m. SW. 
from Windsor, 447 from W. Pop. 2,320. Here 
is an academy. 

CHESTER, t. Rockingham co. N. H. on E. 
side of the Merrimack and Manchester ; 6 m 
NE. from Londonderry, 25 SSE. from Con 
cord, 31 W. from Portsmouth, 48 N. from 
Boston. Pop. 2,039. It is a considerable town, 
and of large extent. Rattle Snake Hill in this 
town is a great curiosity. Its diameter is 
half a mile, its form circular, and its height 
400 feet. On the S. side there is a dreary 
cave, called the Devil's Den, with a narrow 
apartment 15 or 20 feet square, the flooring and 
ceiling of which are formed by a regular rock. 
From the wall hang numerous excrescences 
resembling pears, which, on the approach of 
a torch, emit a lustre with innumerable hues. 

CHESTER, New, t. Grafton co. N. H. ; 16 
m. S. from Plymouth, 527 from W. Pop. 
1,090. 

CHESTER, v. Middlesex co. Ct. on W. side 
of the Connecticut; 6 m. below Haddam. 

CHESTER, t. Hampden co. Mass. ; 20 m. 
NW. from Springfield, 120 W. from Boston, 
387 from W. Pop. 1,406. 

CHESTER, t. Warren co. N. Y. E. of the 
Hudson ; 90 m. N. from Albany, 439 from W. 
Pop. 1,284. 

CHESTER, East, t. Westchester co. N. Y. ; 
4 m. E. of the Hudson, 40 N. from N. York, 
243 from W. Pop. 1,300. 

CHESTER, t. Morris co. N. J. 

CHESTER, t. Burlington co. N. J. Pop. 
1,839. 

CHESTER, t. Lunenburg co. Nova Scotia, 
in Mahone Baj T , 25 m. from Windsor. 

CHESTER, t. Geauga co. Ohio. 

CHESTER, t. Knox co. Ohio. 

CHESTER, r. W. Florida, runs into Pen- 
sacola Bay. 

CHESTER, v. in Goshen, Orange co.N. Y.; 
115 m. from Albany. 

CHESTER, co. Pa. ; bounded by Md. SW. 
Lancaster W. Berks NW. Montgomery NE. 
and Delaware co. and the state of Delaware 
SE. Length about 38 m. ; mean width 19 J ; 
area 732 sq. ms. The western part towards 
Lancaster co. is hilly, and even mountainous, 
whilst those sections skirting Maryland and 
Delaware, though not level, are much less ele- 
vated than the W. and NW. parts of the co. 
The centre is drained by the sources of the 
Brandy wine, Chester, Ridley, and some smaller 
creeks entering Delaware river. The staples 
are numerous, consisting of every article of 
agricultural production suitable to the climate. 
Chief town, West Chester. Pop. 50,908. 

CHESTER, bor. on Delaware river, Dela 
ware co. Pa. 15 m. SW. from Philadelphia. 
Pop. 700. This is a very ancient town, and 
was the seat of the first legislature after the 
arrival of William Penn, but has long been 
stationary in point of growth. 



CHE — CHI 



233 



CHESTER, river of the Eastern Shore of 
Maryland and Kent co. in Delaware ; rises in 
the latter, and flowing- nearly SW. into the 
former, separates Queen Anne and Kent cos. 
and falls into the Chesapeake Bay at Love 
Point. 

CHESTER, disfcof S.C. on Wateree river; 
bounded by Fairfield S. Broad river or Union 
W. York N. Catawba river or Lancaster E. 
Length 22, width 18 m. ; area about 400 sq. 
axis. Surface pleasantly diversified by hill and 
dale, and well watered. Soil of middling 
quality. Staples, grain, tobacco, live stock, 
&c. Chief town, Chesterville. Pop. 19,182. 

CHESTER, t. and cap. Chester district, S.C.; 
22 m. from Pinckney C. H. 58 NW. from Co- 
lumbia. 

CHESTER, t. Wayne co. Ohio, NW. from 
Wooster. 

CHESTER, t. Shenandoah co. Va. ; 20 m. 
SSW. from Winchester. 

CHESTER, t. Cumberland co. Va. on SW. 
bank of James river ; 6 m. S. from Richmond. 

CHESTER, Clinton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,254. 

CHESTER GAP, pass, over the Blue 
Mountains, in Virginia ; 16 m. SE. from Win- 
chester. 

CHESTER RIDGE, mountains, Pa. in 
which iron and lead ores are found ; 140 m. 
WNW. from Philadelphia. 

CHESTERFIELD, co. Va.; bounded N. 
by James river, which separates it from Hen- 
rico co. E. and S. by the Appomatox, and W. 
by Powhatan co. The C. H. is 12 m. SSW. 
from Richmond, 138 from W. Pop. 18,637. 
Chief town, Manchester. 

CHESTERFIELD, district, N. part S. C. 
Pop. 8,472. 

CHESTERFIELD, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 
on E. side of the Connecticut, opposite Dum- 
merston ; 11 m. WSW. from Keene, 100 W. 
from Portsmouth, 435 from W. Pop. 2,046. 
It contains a cotton manufactory, and an 
academy. 

CHESTERFIELD, t. Hampshire co. Mass. ; 
15 m. WNW. from Northampton, 105 W. from 
Boston, 398 from W. Pop. 1,417. 

CHESTERFIELD, t. Essex county, N. Y. 
bounded N. by Sable river, and E. by Lake 
Champlain; 18 m. S. from Plattsburg, 497 
from W. Pop. 1,671. Adgate's Falls, on 
Sable river, in this town, is a cataract of 80 ft. 
The channel has perpendicular walls on each 
side, 1 mile long, and nearly 100 feet high, and 
as regular as a work of art. There is a bridge 
across this channel 96 feet above the water. 
In the SW. part of the town there is a cavern 
in which ice is found throughout the year. 
Iron ore abounds in this town. 

CHESTERFIELD, t. St. Lawrence co. N.Y. 

CHESTERFIELD, t. Burlington co. N. J. 
Pop. 1,839. 

CHESTERFIELD INLET, an inlet ex- 
tending about 200 m. westward from the N. 
end of Hudson's Bay. The entrance to the in- 
let is in lat. 63° 30' N. Ion. 90° 40' W. Its 
mean breadth is about 15 m. 

CHESTER FACTORY, t. Hampden co. 
Mass. ; 7 m. SE. from Chester. 

2E 



CHESTERFIELD, Key, N. side of the 
island of Cuba. 

CHESTERTOWN, port of entry and cap, 
Kent co. Md. on Chester r. about 14 m. from 
its confluence with the Chesapeake, 45 ESE. 
from Baltimore, 77 SW. from Philadelphia, 80 
from W. It contains a court-house, a jail, a 
Methodist meeting-house, about 150 houses, 
and has some trade. Washington College, 
which was incorporated in 1782, is in this 
town, and a handsome brick building 180 feet 
long, and 3 stories high, has been erected, but 
the institution has never assumed the form of a 
college, and the building is appropriated to the 
accommodation of a Latin and an English 
school. 

CHESTERVILLE, t. Kent co. Md. ; 66 m. 
NE. from Annapolis. 

CHESTERVILLE, t. Kennebeck co. Me. ; 
30 m. NW. from Augusta, 637 from W. Pop. 
923. 

CHESUNCOOK, lake, Me.; 10 or 15 m. 
NE. from Moosehead lake. The western and 
main branch of the Penobscot passes through 
it. It is one of the largest lakes in Maine. 

CHETIMACHES, lake of Louisiana, be- 
tween the Atchafalaya and Teche rivers, is 
about 40 m. in length, with a breadth of from 
1 to 6 m. It is shallow, and environed by a 
low, annually inundated and uninhabited coun- 
try. At high water, it communicates in every 
direction with the Atchafalaya, and in aL sea- 
sons, at its SE. extremity, with the Teche r. 

CHEVIAUX, Point aux, on the N. shore of 
Lake Ontario, and to the E. of the river Gana- 
rasha, U. Canada. 

CHEVROTIERE, r. Canada, falls into the 
St. Lawrence from the N. 40 m. above Quebec. 

CHEWS, r. Maryland, which runs into the 
Chesapeake. 

CHIANTLA, t. Mexico, 40 m. SW. from 
Peubla dc los Angelos. 

CHI APA, province, Guatimala, bounded W. 
by Oaxaca, S. by Guatimala, E. by Vera Paz 
and Yucatan, N. by Vera Cruz. 

CHIAPA DOS ESPAGNOS, or Ciudad 
Real, cap. of the above province, 300 m. NW. 
from Guatimala. Lon. 93° 23' W. ; lat. 17° N. 
Pop. 3,000. Its principal commerce is in co- 
coa-nuts, cotton, wool, sugar, and cochineal. 

CHIAPA DE LOS INDIOS, the largest 
Indian town in Guatimala, in the NW. ex- 
tremity of the country, on the isthmus of Te- 
huantepec, about half way between the gulf 
of Mexico and the Pacific ocean. It has about 
20,000 Indian inhabitants, who are rich and 
enjoy many privileges. Lon. 93° 53' W. ; 
lat. 17° 5' N. 

CHIAPA-EL-REAL, t. in N. America, in 
the province of its own name, with a bishop's 
see. Its principal trade consists in cocoa-nuts, 
cotton, and sugar. Lon. from W. 16° 10' W.; 
lat. 17° 10' N. 

CHICAGO, r. or arm of lake Michigan, at 
its S. end, in Illinois. A mile from the lake it 
divides into two channels ; the N. channel ex- 
tends along the W. side of the lake, about 30 
m. ; the S. is only 6 m. long, and affords a se- 
cure harbor for vessels of almost any burden. 



234 



CHI — CHI 



but has a bar at its mouth with only two feet 
water. This obstruction might be easily re- 
moved, and the harbor rendered accessible. 
The portage from Chicago river to the Des 
Planes, one of the two branches of Illinois r. 
is 9 m. and is so low as often to be covered 
with water and passed in boats. A canal here 
is contemplated, and could be made with little 
expense, which would open a water communi- 
cation between the Great Lakes and the Mis- 
sissippi, through the Illinois. Half a mile from 
the mouth of the Chicago, is Fort Dearborn. 

CHICAPEE, r. Mass. which rises in Wor- 
cester co. and runs SW. into the Connecticut, 
in the N. part of Springfield. 

CHICCAMAGGA, r. Ten. which runs into 
the Tennessee, 6 m. above the whirl. 

CHICHESTER, t. Merrimack co. N. H. 45 
m. NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,084. 

CHICKAPEE, v. in the SE. part of Hamp- 
den co. Mass. 95 m. SW. by W. from Boston. 

CHICKAMAUGAH CREEK, r. which 
rises in Georgia, runs through a part of Cher- 
okee country, and flows into the Tennessee, a 
few miles above Lookout mountain. A dis- 
trict of country through which it flows is call- 
ed by the same name, and contains the new 
missionary station, Brainerd. 

CHICKASAW, r. Indiana, which runs into 
the Wabash, below Vincennes. 

CHICKASAW, r. in the NW. part of Ten. 
which runs W. into the Mississippi. 

CHICKASAW BLUFFS, four in number, 
on the E. side of the Mississippi, in Mis. The 
upper bluff is 176 m. below the mouth of the 
Ohio ; it is between 200 and 300 feet high, and 
extends 2 m. on the river. The other three 
occur at the successive distances of 11, 21 and 
32 m. apart. 

CHICKASAWHAY, v. Mississippi, 50 m. 
W. from St. Stephens. 

CHICKASAWHAY, r. Mis. which flows S. 
near E. side of the state, and joins the Pasca- 
goula, about 40 m. from its mouth. 

CHICKHOAMINY, r. Va. which runs into 
the James r. 6 m. NW. from Jamestown. It 
is navigable for boats 30 m. 

CHICKISALUNGO, r. Pa. which runs into 
the Susquehannah, a little above Columbia. 

CHIDLEY, cape, on the NE. coast of La- 
brador, has Davis' Straits NE. and the bay of 
Ungava SW. Lon. from W. 12° 10' E. ; lat. 
60° 12' N. 

CHIFUNCTE, r. La. in St. Tammany, has 
its source in the N. part of that parish, flowing 
SSE. 50 m. falls into lake Ponchartrain N. from 
New Orleans. There is water at the mouth 
of the Chifuncte sufficient to admit vessels 
drawing 6 or 7 feet, as far as the mouth of the 
Bogue Falaya. 

CHIGNECTE, bay of Nova Scotia, the 
NW. arm of the bay of Fundy. 

CHIHEMECOMET, or Chiclcminock-cumi- 
nock, island, on the coast of N. C. near Roan- 
oke Island. 

CHIHUAHUA, state of, one of the states 
of the republic of Mexico, bounded by Duran- 
go, Sonoray Sinaloa, and Coahuila y Texas. 
Capital, Chihuahua. N. lat. 28° and lon. 28° 



W. from W. intersect, according to Tanner's 
map of Mexico, about 75 m. SW. from the city 
of Chihuahua. A very great deficiency of 
water, is the most serious impediment to the 
general population of this part of America, and 
is one of the many traits of resemblance be- 
tween central N. America and central Asia. 
The seasons of what was the Provincias In- 
ternas, now the northern states of Mexico, 
have winters of excessive rigor, even more so 
than can be accounted for, either from latitude 
of elevation of surface. 

CHIHUAHUA, city, capital of the state of 
the same name, in the republic of Mexico, sit- 
uated near the river Conchos, a branch of Rio- 
grand-del Norte, in the province of New Bis- 
cay. It is the capital of the Internal Prov- 
inces, and environed by some very rich mines. 
Pop. 12,000. Lat. 28° 50' N. ; lon. 27° 20' 
W. from W. 

CHILESBURG, v. Caroline co. Va. 68 m. 
S. from W. 

CHILI, t. Monroe co. N. Y. between Black 
creek and Genesee river, 10 m. SW. from Ro- 
chester. Pop. 2,010. 

CHILLICOTHE, t. and cap. Ross co. Ohio, 
and the second town in size in the state, on the 
W. bank of the Scioto, 45 m. in a direct line, 
and 70 by water from its mouth, 45 m. S. from 
Columbus, 70 SW. from Zanesville, 93 E. by N. 
from Cincinnati. Lon. 5° 20' W. from W. ; 
lat. 39° 14' N. Pop. 2,846. It is laid out on 
an elevated plain between Paint creek and the 
Scioto. The streets are spacious, and cross 
each other at right angles. It contains a court- 
house and jail, a market-house, 2 printing-offi- 
ces, 3 banks, including the branch bank of the 
United States, 3 houses of public worship, 1 
for Presbyterians, 1 for Seccders, and 1 for 
Methodists, and an academy. In the town 
and vicinity are many valuable mills and man- 
ufactories. The situation is favorable, and 
every way delightful ; but yet it did not flour- 
ish, until the grand canal was cut through the 
town, since which it has received a new im- 
pulse towards prosperity, promising that it will 
attain the importance to which its fortunate 
position entitles it. In the midst of this town 
formerly stood one of the most interesting 
mounds of the cone-shaped form. In levelling 
it for the purpose of building lots, great quan- 
tities of human bones were found in it. 

CHILLISQUAQUE, or Chilisguage, town, 
Northumberland co. Pa. It lies between the 
E. and W. branches of the Susquehannah, and 
is watered by a river of the same name, which 
flows into the W. branch of the Susquehannah, 
6 m. above Northumberland. 

CHILMARK, t. Duke's co. Mass. on SW. 
end of Martha's Vineyard, 12 m. W. by S. from 
Edgartown, 90 S. from Boston. Pop. 691. 

CHILNUCOOK, or Grand Lake, lake, Me. 
at the head of the St. Croix. 

CHILO, v. Clermont co. Ohio, 95 m. SW. 
from Columbus. 

CHILPANZINCO, city of Mexico, situated 
on the S. slope of Analuac, 3,542 feet above the 
level of the ocean, surrounded by beautiful 
fields of wheat and orchards, on the road from 



CHI— CHO 



235 



Mexico to Acapulco. Lat. 17° 40' N.;-lon, 
22 3 20' W. from W. 

CHIMALAPA, small river of Mexico, in 
Oajaca, which flows S. into the Gulf of Tehu- 
antepec. 

CHINA, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 25 m. NE. 
from HaUowell. Pop. 2,234. It contains an 
academy, a social library, and 2 houses of pub- 
lic worship, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Friends. 
It was taken from Harlem, Fairfax, and Wins- 
low, in 1818. 

CHINA, t. Genesee co. N. Y. Pop. 2,387. 

CHINA GROVE, t. Georgetown district, 
S. C. 461 m. from W. 

CHINCHANCHI, v. Mexico, 10 m. N. from 
Merida. 

CHINE, La, v. L. C. on the island of Mon- 
treal, 7 m. above the city. It is the centre of 
all the commerce between Upper and Lower 
Canada. Here the boats of the N. W. company 
commence their voyage for the interior coun- 
try of America. It is intended to cut a canal 
from La Chine to Montreal, by which a direct 
communication with the city will be opened, 
and the difficult passage of the rapid of St. 
Louis avoided. 

CHINGOTEAG7JE, small isl. in the Atlan- 
tic, near the coast of Virginia. Lon. 75° 20' 
W. ; lat. 37° 46' N. 

CHINGOTEAGUE INLET, narrow chan- 
nel between two islands, near the coast of Vir- 
ginia. Lon. 75° 42' W. ; lat. 27° 52' N. 

CHINNOOK, r. N. America, which flows 
into the Columbia, near its mouth. 

CHINNOOK INDIANS, N. A. on the Chin- 
nook and Columbia. No. 400. 

CHIPOOK CREEK, r. Virginia, which runs 
into James river. 

CHIPPEWAN, mountains of N. America. 
This great chain is the principal spine of that 
continent, and by various names, extends from 
the isthmus of Darien to the Frozen ocean, 
through 60° of latitude, or 4,150 m. In Mex- 
ico, it is known by the general term Anahuac. 
Farther N. the Spaniards designate it as the 
mountains of New Mexico. In the U. S. it is 
known as the Rocky mountains. In Cabotia, 
or British America, by its true native name 
Chippewan, or Chippewyan. In Mexico and 
Guatimala, it rises into volcanic summits, ele- 
vated far above the regions of perpetual snow. 
Popocatepetl, Citlaltepetl, or Peak d'Orizaba, 
Pico Frailes, and Coffrede Perote, all rise above 
13,500 feet. In the U. S. the elevation of this 
chain remains undetermined, but must be con- 
siderable, from the length and rapidity of the 
streams flowing from its opposite sides. 

CHIPPEWAY, small r. or creek, Lincoln 
co. U. C. falls into Niagara river, at the village 
of Chippeway. 

CHIPPEWAY, v. Lincoln co. U. C. on Ni- 
agara r. 10 m. above Queenston, 2 above Ni- 
agara falls. Chippeway creek runs into the 
Niagara at this place. The battle of Chippe- 
way, July 5, 1814, was fought in the plain, on 
the S. side of this creek. 

CHIPPEWAY, t. Beaver co. Pa. 

CHIPPEWAY, r. NW. Territory, runs into , 



the Mississippi at lake Pepin, in lon. 93° 54' 
W. ; lat. 43° 45' N. There is a short portage 
between this river and the Montreal, a water 
of Lake Superior. 

CHIPPEWAY, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 12 m. 
NE. from Wooster. 

CHIPPEWAYS, or Sauteurs, Indians, one 
of the most numerous and powerful tribes in 
N. America. About 5,700 of them dwell on 
Saganaw bay, in Michigan Territory ; the re- 
mainder are scattered in petty bands along the 
N. border of the U. S. They maintain a per- 
petual war with the Sioux. 

CHIPPEWYAN, Foi-t, N. America, at the 
SW. end of Athapescow lake. Lon. 111° W. ; 
lat. 58° 40' N. 

CHISHOLM'S STORE, t. Montgomeiy 
co. N. C. 130 m. SW. from Raleigh. 

CHISWELL, isles off the NW. coast of N. 
America, group lying near the mainland, be- 
tween cape Elizabeth and Montague island. 
Lon. from W. 71° 4' W. ; lat. 59° 33' N. 

CHITTENANGO, t. Madison co. N. Y. 35 
m. W. from Utica. 

CHITTENDEN, co. W. side of Vt. bound- 
ed N. by Franklin co. E. by Washington, S. by 
Addison, W. by lake Champlain. Pop. 21,775. 
Chief town, Burlington. 

CHITTENDEN, t. Rutland co. Vt. 30 m. 
NW. from Windsor. Pop. 610. 

CHITTENHAM, t. Montgomery co. Pa. 

CHITTENINGO, r. N. Y. which rises in 
Cazenovia and runs into Oneida lake ; 25 m. 
long. 

CHOCOLATE, r. NW. Territory, runs in- 
to lake Superior, 21 m. W. from La Train r. 

CHOCONUT, creek, Susquehannah co. Pa. 
flows north-easterly into N. York, and falls 
into the Susquehannah river, a short distance 
below Chenango Point. 

CHOCTAW, r. which rises hi Alabama, and 
passes through West Florida, running into 
St. Rosa bay. 

CHOCTAW, or ChoctaJiatchee, r. Florida, 
which rises in Alabama and discharges its 
waters into St. Rosa Sound, at the NE. ex- 
tremity. 

CHOICE'S STORE, t. Gwinnet co. Geo. ; 
146 m. NW. from Milledgeville. 

CHOLULA, city, of Mexico, in Puebla; 60 
m. SE. by E. from Mexico. Pop. 16,000. Lat. 
19° 15' N. 

CHOLULA, ancient republic of Mexico, 
corresponding nearly to the district appertain- 
ing to the present city of Cholula. 

CHOMONCHOUAN, lake, Canoda ; 219 
m. NW. from Quebec. Lon. 75° 40' W. lat. 
39° 20' N. 

CHONA, ancient pyramid of Mexico, in 
Puebla. It is 177 feethigh. Lon. 21° 20' W. 
from W. lat. 19° 2' N. 

CHOPTANK, r. which rises in Delaware, 
and runs through Md. into Chesapeake Bay, 
S. of Tilghman's Island. 

CHOPUNNISH, r. Missouri Territory, a 
branch of the Kooskooshee, in the Rocky 
Mountains. Lon. 113° W. lat. 46° 30' N. 

CHOTA, v. Blount co. Ten. 



236 



CHO— CIN 



CHOWAN, c N. C. formed by the union 
of 3 rivers in the state of Virginia, which runs 
into Albemarle Sound. 

CHOWAN, co. NE. part of N. C. Pop. 
6,688. Chief town, Edenton. Lat. 36° 10' 
N. Ion. 0° 20 E. from W. 

CHRIST-CHURCH, parish in Charleston 
district, S. C. 

CHRISTIAN, co. of Ken. on Cumberland 
river ; bounded by Tennessee S. Caldwell SW. 
Hopkins and Muhlenberg- N. and Logan E. 
Length 42, mean width 25 m. Chief town, 
Hopkinsville. Pop. 12,694. 

CHRISTIANA, hundred, in N. end of New- 
castle co. Delaware. Within it are the towns 
of Wilmington and Newport. 

CHRISTIANA, r. Delaware, which rises 
in Pa. unites with the Brandywine, and flows 
into the Delaware. It is navigable for vessels 
drawing 14 feet of water to Wilmington, for 
those drawing 9 feet to Newport, and for those 
drawing 6 feet to Christiana-Bridge. Length 
20 m. 

CHRISTIANA, or Christiana-Bridge, t. 
Newcastle co. Delaware, on the Christiana; 
9 m. SW. from Wilmington, 36 SW. from 
Philadelphia, 100 from W. It has about 50 
houses. 

CHRISTIANSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. 
Va. on the Meherrin, 251 m. from W. 

CHRISTIAN SOUND, a large arm of the 
Pacific ocean, N. of Cape Decision. Lon. 225° 
50' E. lat. 56 3 13' N. 

CHRISTIANSBURG, t. and seat of justice, 
Montgomery co. Va. 40 m. SW. from Fincas- 
tle, and 220 SW. by V/. from Richmond. Lat. 
37° 14' N. lon. 3° 12' W. from W. 

CHRISTOPHER, St. or St. KiWs, one of 
the Leeward Islands in the W. Indies, 60 m. 
W. of Antigua. It was formerly inhabited by 
the French and English ; but, in 1713, it was 
ceded to the latter. It is 20 m. in breadth, 
and 7 in length, and has high mountains in 
the middle, whence rivulets flow, which are 
of great use to the inhabitants. It was taken 
by the French in 1782, but restored the next 
year. Basseterre is the capital. 

CHUM CREEK, r. Va. which runs into 
the Chesapeake, lon. 76° 14' W. lat. 39° 22' N. 

CHUN'S STORE, t. Jefferson co. Ten. ; 200 
m. E. from Murfreesborough. 

CHURCH CREEK, t. Dorchester co. Md. ; 
7 m. SW. from Cambridge. 

CHURCH FORT, on Hudson's Bay, at the 
mouth of Church-hill river. Lat. 59' N, lon. 
17° W. from W. 

CHURCH HILL, v. Abbeville district, S. C. 

CHURCH HILL, v. Spartanburg district, 
S. C. ; 544 m. from W. 

CHURCH HILL, t. Queen Ann's co. Md. ; 
9 m. NE. from Centreville, 85 SW. from Phil- 
adelphia, 80 from W. 

CHURCHILL, Cape, in Hudson's Bay. 
Lon. 95° 5' W. lat. 58° 54' N. 

CHURCHILL RIVER, Missinnippi, or 
English River, r. N. America, which falls into 
Hudson's Bay, in lat. 59° N. at Churchill 
Fort. 

CHURCH TRACT, t, Alleghany co. N. Y. 



CHURCH ISLAND^ small isL in Curri- 
tuck Sound, near the coast of N. C. 

CHURCHTOWN, t. Lancaster co. Pa. ; 30 
m. ENE. from Lancaster, 50 WNW. Phila- 
delphia, 137 from W. 

CHURCHVILLE, v. Middlesex co. Va. ; 80 
m. NE. by E. from Richmond. 

CliYENNE, or Chayenne, r. La. which runs 
into the Missouri, 1,310 m. from the Missis- 
sippi. 

CICERO, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. on SW. 
side of Oneida Lake ; 57 m. W. from Utica. 
Pop. 1,808. 

CINALO A, formerly a province of Mexico, 
but now forming the S. part of the intendency 
of Sonora. 

CINALOA, t. Mexico, on Cinaloa river, 
which falls into the Gulf of California. Lat. 

25° 50' N. 

CINCINNATI, a large commercial city and 
capital of Hamilton co. Ohio, near the SW. 
corner of the state, on the N. bank of the Ohio 
river, 20 m. above the mouth of the Great Mi 
ami, 93 W. by S. from Chillicothe, 175 NE. 
from Louisville, 102 NNE. from Frankfort, 
465 below Pittsburg by water. Lon. 7° 25' 
W. from W. lat. 39° 6' N. It is regularly laid 
out, in a pleasant and healthy situation, the 
streets crossing each other at right angles. 
The growth of Cincinnati has been rapid, 
almost without a parallel. In 1800, the popu- 
lation was 500; in 1810, 2,540; in 1815, it 
was estimated at 6,500 ; in 1820, it was 9,642, 
and in 1830, it was 26,515. Its position is a 
beautiful vale, twelve miles in circumference 
created by an eliptical sweep of Ohio hills. 
Such of these eminences as have not been laid 
bare by the unsparing hand of progressive im- 
provement, are beautifully wooded to their 
summits ; and, by the swell and indentation of 
their waving outline, present to the view of the 
beholder the most graceful and charming forms. 
From the summit of any of these hills, the 
town is distinctly presented to the eye, and 
spreads a panoramic map of exquisite beauty 
and variety. Cincinnati is the most flourish- 
ing commercial town in the west, except New 
Orleans : and furnishes perhaps the most sig- 
nal example of that spirit and capacity for im- 
provement, which result from the existence of 
free institutions, and are destined to fill the Mis- 
sissippi valley with a teeming population. Seven 
of the streets are 66 feet wide, and 396 apart, in- 
tersected by streets of the same width and dis- 
tance at right angles. One entire square, and 
the fraction of another, are reserved in central 
parts of the city for public buildings. The 
city buildings cover an irregular area nearest 
the form of a parallelogram. The central 
parts are compactly built with houses and 
stores that would ornament any town. The 
most showy quarters are Main, Broadway, and 
Fourth-street, westward from its intersection 
with Main. Pearl-street nearly completed, 
leading from the lower Market to Walnut-st. 
is composed of uniform buildings, terminated 
by a magnificent hotel, five stories high, and 
will add greatly to the beauty of that part of 
the city. The public buildings are a court- 



CIN— CIN 



237 




house, jail, four market-houses, one of thern 
500 feet in length, the Bazaar, U. S. Branch 
Bank, the Cincinnati College, the Catholic 
Athenaeum, the Medical College, for which a 
second spacious and commodious building is 
being erected, the Mechanics' Institute, Thea- 
tre, and a second one now being erected, two 
Museums, the Hospital and Lunatic Asylum 
and the Woodward High School in the pro 



CINCINNATI AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

net work. Steam-boat building is a great 
item. Hatting is pursued to a great extent. 
It is believed that the city contains at least 40 
manufacturing establishments driven by steam. 
There are two fire companies, and 34 charita- 
ble societies, and 25 religious societies, in 
which most of the religious opinions of Chris- 
tendom are represented, and whose mutual 
watchfulness of each other educes concord 



of erection. Some other public build- from jealousy, by hindering the hurtful pre- 
ings are in contemplation. Beside these, there dominance of any one of them, and enabling 
are 24 churches, great and small. Of these I each to pursue its respective interests unmo- 
the Second Presbyterian church is the hand- lested and in peace. Though the imperfect 
somest, the exterior being of agreeable archi-| filling out of the magnificent plan of the city, 
tecture, and the interior decidedly beautiful. 'the cumbering of the streets with timber, stone, 
The Unitarian church is a singularly neat one. j bricks, and mortar, and the inconvenience of 
The interior of the Catholic church is striking. J actual building present an image of crudeness 
The first and third Presbyterian churches are I and immaturity, it needs little spirit of prophe- 
spacious buildings, as the new Methodist cy to predict from the past to the future, that 
church will be when completed. A very neat this city, which will be shortly central to more 
Baptist church is nearly completed. Some of than two millions of inhabitants, which pre- 
the other churches make a respectable appear- sents the greatest variety of models in the the- 
ance. There are many fine blocks of stores ories and imaginings of strangers from all 
on Front and Main streets, and the eye is parts of the world, which evolves the germs of 
arrested by many beautiful private habitations, emulation and rivalry to a fault, and which 
Architectural taste is daily becoming more en- j abounds in provisions, natural wealth, fuel, 
lightened and agreeable. The dull red of the and ah the materials of building, and which is 
brick walls is giving way to more pleasing j moreover a healthy town, will, in the course 
shades between white and green ; and a beau- j of a few years, vie in beauty and population 
tiful stucco imitating marble and granite is i with the first towns in the Union, 
getting into fashion. The number of substan- The buildings of the Cincinnati Manufac- 
tial buildings added annually to the city for: turing Company, on the bank above Deer 
three years past averages 450. It has already, creek, are numerous and extensive ; the main 
become a great manufacturing town, and is edifice is 150 feet long, from 20 to 37 feet 



constantly becoming more so. Our limits pre 
elude details; but all the substantial manu- 
factures known in our country are carried on 
to a greater or less extent. The manufactures 
in iron are very great, particularly in the arti- 
cle of heavy castings, and all sorts of machi- 
nery driven by steam. Of such establishments 
there are 9 or 10, and some of them on a great 
scale. The next most extensive article is cabi- 



wide, and from two to four stories high. 

The most capacious, elevated and perma- 
nent building in this place, is the Steam Mill, 
erected in the years 1812, '13, and '14 on the 
river beach, upon a bed of horizontal lime-stone 
rocks, and in high floods is for its whole 
length exposed to the current. The founda- 
tion is 62 by 87 feet, and about 10 feet thick. 
Its height is 110 feet, and the number of sto- 



238 



CIN— CLA 



ries 9, including 1 2 above the eaves. To the 
height of 40 feet, the wall is battered or 
drawn in; above, it is perpendicular. The 
cornice is of brick, and the roof of wood, in the 
common style. It has 24 doors and 90 win- 
dows. The lime-stone with which it was built 
was quarried at various places in the bed of 
the river, and measures in the wall 6,620 
perches. Besides this, it swallowed up 90,000 
bricks, 14,800 bushels of lime, and 81,200 cubic 
feet of timber. Its weight is estimated at 
15,655 tons. Through the building there is a 
wall dividing each story into two unequal 
apartments, the one designed for manufactur- 
ing flour, the other for receiving wool and cot- 
ton machinery, a flax-seed oil-mill, fulling-mill, 
and several other machines. 

CINCINNATUS, t. Cortlandt co. N. Y.; 
14 m. SE. from Homer, 140 W. from Albany, 
354 from W. Valuable iron ore is found here. 

CINTHIANA, t. and cap. Harrison co. Ken. 
on a branch of the Licking river, 13 m. N. 
from Paris, 24 N. from Lexington. Pop. in 
1810, 369. It contains a bank, academy, court- 
house, and jail. 

CIRCLE VILLE, v. and seat of justice in 
Pickaway co. Ohio, on the E. side of Scioto 
river, in Ion. 5° 5', W. from W. lat. 39° 36' 
N. 26 m. below Columbia. Pop. 1,136. It 
derives its name from some ancient works in 
a rude circular form, on the site of* which it is 
situated. , The adjacent country is amongst 
the most fertile of the Ohio valley. 

CITY POINT, v. Prince George co. Va. 
on the S. side of James river, at the junction 
of the Appomatox ; 100 m. above Hampton 
Roads, 12 E. from Petersburg, 25 SE. from 
Richmond, 158 from W. Lon. 77° 32' V/. 
lat. 37° 18' N. James river is navigable to 
this place for large ships, which come up here 
to load. 

CLACKAMUS, r. Oregon Territory, joins 
the Wallaumut. 

CLAIBORNE, co. Ten. between Clinch 
and Powell's rivers; bounded by Va. N. by 
Hawkins co. Ten. E. Clinch river, or Granger, 
and Knox SE. and Powell's river, or Camp- 
bell, NW. Length 40 m. mean width 10. 
Chief town, Tazewell. Pop. 8,470. 

CLAIBORNE, co. Miss. ; bounded NW. by 
Mississippi and Big-black rivers, and S. by 
Jefferson. Length 32 m. mean width 12. 
Chief town, Gibson-port. Pop. 9,818. 

CLAIBORNE, Fort, t. on the left bank of 
Alabama river, in Monroe co. Ala. at the head 
of schooner navigation, 25 m. E. from Fort St. 
Stephens. 

CLAIR, St. a lake of N. America, between 
the lakes Huron and Erie, 90 m. in circum- 
ference. It receives the waters of the lakes 
Superior, Michigan, and Huron, and also of 
the river Thames, from U. Canada, in the lat. 
of 42° 32' N. and discharges them, through 
the strait called Detroit, into the lake Erie. 

CLAIR, St. a county in the state of Illinois, 
the W. side of which borders on the Missis- 
sippi river, in lat. 38° 30' N. Pop. 7,092 Chief 
town, Belleville. 



_ CLAREMONT, t. Sullivan co. N. H. on E. 

side of the Connecticut; 11 m. N. by E. from 
Charlestown, 24 N. from Walpole, 25 S. by W. 
from Dartmouth College, 47 W. by N. from 
Concord, 466 from W. Pop. 2,526. The 
principal village is pleasantly situated on Su- 
gar river, 4 m. E. of the Connecticut, and con- 
tains 2 handsome meeting-houses, 1 for Con- 
gregationalists, and 1 built jointly by Metho- 
dists and Universalists, a paper-mill, and seve- 
ral other valuable mills. There ;« an Episco- 
pal church 2J m. W. of this village 

CLARENCE, or WiUink, t. Niagara co. 
N. Y. on the Tonnewanta ; 280 m. W. from 
Albany, 412 from W. 

CLARENCE, Duke of, straits, on the NW. 
coast of N. America, between Duke of York 
and Prince of Wales Islands ; and between 
Prince of Wales Island and Point Barry. Lon 
56° W. from W. lat. 56? 30' N. 

CLARENDON, t. Rutland co. Vt.30 m. W. 
from Windsor. Pop. 1,585. 

CLARENDON, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 13 m. 
W. from Rochester, S. from Erie canal, and 
SE. from Batavia. , 

CLARIDON, v. Geauga co. Ohio; 270 m. 
NE. from Columbus. Pop. 588. 

CLARK, t. Clinton co. Ohio. 

CLARK, t. Brown co. Ohio. 

CLARK, co. II. on the waters of Kaskaskia 
and Little Wabash. Pop. in 1820, 931; in 
1830, 3,940. 

CLARK, co. Ark. boundaries and area un- 
certain. Pop. in 1820, 1,040 ; in 1830, 1,369. 

CLARK, C. H. Clarke co. II 110 m. NE 
from Vandalia. 

CLARKE, C. H. Clarke co. Ark. 75 m. from 
Little Rock. 

CLARKE, co. In, bounded by the Ohio r. 
SE., Harrison SW., Washington W. and NW., 
Jennings N., and Jefferson NE. Chief town, 
Charleston. Pop. 1320, 8,079 ; 1830, 10,719. 

CLARKE, co. Ken. bounded by Kentucky r. 
N., Madison and Fayette SW., Bourbon NW., 
Montgomery NE., and Estill SE. ; length 25 
m. ; mean width 8. Chief town, Winchester. 
Pop. in 1820, 11,449 ; in 1830, 13,052. 

CLARKE, co. Geo. bounded by Jackson 
NW., Madison NE., Oglethorpe E., Greene S., 
and Morgan SW. ; length 21 m. ; mean width 
11. Chief town, Athens. Pop. in 1820, 8,867; 
in 1830, 10,176, of whom 4,738 were people 
of color. 

CLARKE, co. Ala. bounded W. by Tombig- 
bee river, N. by Marengo, and E. by Monroe. 
Chief town, Jackson. Pop. in 1820, 5,839; 
in 1830, 7,584. 

CLAREESBOROUGH, Jackson co. Geo. 
on a branch of Oconee river, 10 m. S. from 
Jefferson. 

CLARKSBURG, t. Berkshire co. Mass. on 
Kcosack river, 33 m. NNW. from Lenox. Pop. 
in 1820, 274; in 1830, 315. 

CLARKSBURG, t. Montgomery co. Md. on 
the road from Washington city to Frederick- 
town, 25 m. from the former, and 15 from the 
latter place. 

CLARKSBURG, t. and seat of justice for 



CLA— CLI 



239 



Harrison co. Va. on the right bank of the Mon- 
ongahela, 40 ms. SSW. from Morgantown. 
Lat. 39° 18' N. ; Ion. from W. 3° 20' W. 

CLARKSBURG, v. Habersham co. Geo. 140 
m. NW. from Augusta. 

CLARKSBURG, v. Ross co. Ohio, 16 m. 
NW. from Chillicothe. 

CLARKSBURG, t. and seat of justice, Lewis 
co. Ken. on a creek of Ohio river, 25 m. by 
land NNW. from Washington, Ken. Lat. 38° 
44 N. ; Ion. from W. 6° 10' W. 

CLARK'S FORK, r. one of the great branch- 
es of the Yellow-stone, falls into that stream 
from the S. about 100 m. above the mouth of 
Bighorn river. 

CLARKSON, t. Monroe co. N. Y. Pop. in 
1820, 1,612; in 1830, 3,251. 

CLARK'S RIVER, the great middle branch 
of Columbia r. rises in the Chippewan moun- 
tains, interlocking with the sources of the Mis- 
souri, flows SW. W. and NW. by a course of 
about 800 m. joins Lewis' river, and forms the 
Columbia. 

CLARKSTOWN, t. and seat of justice, 
Rockland co. N. Y. Pop. in 1820, 1,808 ; in 
1830, 2,298. 

CLARKESVILLE, v. and seat of justice, 
Montgomery co. Ten. on the point of land 
formed by the junction of Cumberland and Red 
rivers, 45 m. by land below Nashville. Lat. 
36° 28' N. ; Ion. from W. 10° 11' W. 

CLARKESVILLE, t. Clarke co. In. at the 
lower part of the rapids of Ohio. 

CLARKSVILLE, v. Clinton co. Ohio, 85 m. 
SW. from Columbus. 

CLARKSVILLE, Greene co. Pa. 

CLARKSVILLE, v. Wayne co. Pa. 

CLARKSVILLE, v. King and Queen co. 
Va. 50 ms. NE. from Richmond. 

CLARKSVILLE, v. Habersham co. Geo. 
140 m. N. from Milledgeville. 

CLARKSVILLE, v Pike co. Miso. on Mis- 
sissippi r. 83 m. NNW. from St. Charles, and 
93 NNW. from St. Louis. 

CLARKSVILLE, v. Clark co. Ala. 12 m. 
NE. from St. Stephens. 

CL AVERACK, t. Columbia co. N. Y. Pop. 
in 1820, 2,813 ; in 1830, 3,000. The village 
of the same name is situated 5 m. E. from 
Hudson. 

CLAY, co. Ken. on the head waters of Cum- 
berland and Kentucky r. bounded by Knox co. 
SE., Rockcastle W., Madison, Estill, and Floyd 
E. ; length 50 m. mean width about 40, area 
2,000 sq. ms. Chief town, Manchester. Pop. 
in 1820, 4,393 ; in 1830, 3,549. 

CLAY, C. H. Clay co. Miso. 286 m. up the 
Missouri r. above St. Charles, and 300 from 
St. Louis. 

CLAY-PONDS, light-house, on Cape Cod, 
Massachusetts. 

CLAYSVILLE, v. Washington co. Pa. on 
the U. S. turnpike road, 10 m. W. from the 
borough of Washington, 20 E. from Wheeling. 
This village contains 30 houses, in one street 
along the road. 

CLAYSVILLE, v. Harrison co. Ken. 48 m. 
NE. from Frankfort 



CLAYTON, t. Perry co. Ohio, 8 m. E. from 
Somerset. Pop. 907. 

CLAYTON'S STORE, v. Campbell co. Va. 

CLAYTONVILLE, v. Raburn co. Geo. 160 
m. NNW. from Milledgeville. 

CLEAR CREEK, Ohio, empties into the 
Miami from the E. below Franklin. 

CLEAR CREEK, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 9 m. 
SW. from Lancaster. Pop. 1,174. 

CLEAR CREEK, t. Warren co. Ohio. Pop. 
2,444. 

CLEAR CREEK, t. Richland co. Ohio. 
Pop. 3C9. 

CLEARFIELD, co. in the central part of 
Pa. on a creek which runs into the W. branch 
of the Susquehannah. Pop. in 1820, 2,342; 
hi 1830, 4,803- Chief town, Clearfield. 

CLEARFIELD, t. and cap. Clearfield co. 
Pa. situated in the central part of the comity, 
on the W. branch of the Susquehannah. 

CLERMONT, t. Columbia co. N. Y. on the 
Hudson, 15 m. below Hudson, 45 below Alba- 
ny. Pop. 1,203. The elegant country-seat of 
the late Robert R. Livingston is in this town. 

CLERMONT, co. SW. part of Ohio, on the 
Ohio r. Pop. 20,466. Chief town, Batavia. 

CLEVELAND, t. and cap. Cuyahoga co. 
Ohio, on the mouth of Cuyahoga r. on Lake 
Erie, 54 m. NW. from Wan-en, 150 NE. from 
Columbus, 60 E. from Sandusky, 180 W. from 
Buffalo, 131 NW. from Pittsburg. During the 
late war, it was a depot of provisions ; and a 
place where many boats and lake craft were 
built ; and it is a noted point of embarkation 
on the lake. It is a growing place, having 4 
churches, a court-house, jail, an academy, 180 
houses, 40 stores, 9 groceries, 6 taverns, and 
1,200 inhabitants. Lat. 41° 31' N. ; Ion. from 
W. 4 3 44' W. The great Ohio canal here con- 
nects with the lake. This town, intermediate 
between Buffalo and Cinciimati, and the depot 
of the vast amounts of merchandise destined 
E. and W. will not fail soon to become an im- 
portant town. 

CLEVES, t. King George's co. Va. on the 
Rappahannock, 2 m. N. from Port Royal. 

CLEVES, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, at the N. 
bend of the Ohio, 16 m. W. from Cincinnati. 

CLIFFORD, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. 

CLINCH, r. Ten. rises in Va. and running 
SW. into Tennessee, unites with the Holston 
at Kingston to form the Tennessee r. It is 
navigable for boats 200 m. 

CLINCH MOUNTAIN, Ten. divides the 
waters of Clinch and Holston rivers. 

CLINTON, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 26 m. N. 
from Augusta. Pop. 2,125. 

CLINTON, co. in the NE. part of N. Y. 
bounded N. by Canada, E. by Lake Champlain. 
S. by Essex co. and W. by Franklin co. Pop. 
in 1820, 12,070 ; in 1830, 19,344. Chief town, 
Plattsburg. It forms the NE. boundary of 
the state. 

CLINTON, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. on the 
Hudson r. below Hudson. Pop. 2,130. 

CLINTON, t. Buckingham co- L. C. 

CLINTON, v. Oneida co. N. Y. on Oriskan- 
ny creek, 9 m. WSW. from Utica, Hamilton 



310 



CLI— COL 



allege, near this village, was incorporated in 
1812, and from the liberal support given by 
public and private patronage, is a nourishing 
institution. It is under the direction of a pres- 
ident, 3 professors, and 2 tutors. The studies 
of which a knowledge is necessary in order to 
admission into the freshman class, are Virgil, 
Cicero's Select Orations, Greek Testament, and 
Vulgar Arithmetic. The following is the 
course of study : 1st year, Livy, five books, 
Adams' Antiquities, Graeca Minora, Grseca 
Majora, Neilson's Exercises, Murray's Gram- 
mar, Geography, Arithmetic, and Algebra; 
2d year, Grseca Majora continued, Geography 
continued, Cicero de Oratore, Horace, Euclid, 
Webber's Mathematics, and Flint's Surveying; 
3d year, Webber's Mathematics finished, En- 
field's Philosophy, Tacitus, Homer, Tyler's El- 
ements of History, and Chemistry ; 4th year, 
Duncan's Logic, Locke on the Human Under- 
standing, Paley's Moral Philosophy, Blair's 
Lectures, and Kaimes' Elements of Criticism. 
For tuition each student pays for the first two 
years $21 per annum, for the other two years 
$30 per annum, room rent $9, and for board 
from $1,75 to $2. Commencement is held on 
the 4th Wednesday of August. There are 3 
vacations ; the 1st, from commencement, 6 
weeks ; the 2d, from the 2d Wednesday in 
January, 3 weeks ; the 3d, from the 2d Wed- 
nesday in May, 4 weeks. 

CLINTON, co. of Lincoln, U. C. on Lake 
Ontario. 

CLINTON, co. Ohio, on the waters of Little 
Miami, bounded by Warren W., Greene and 
Fayette N., Clinton E., Highland SE., and 
Brown S. ; length 22 m., mean width 18. Chief 
town, Wilmington. Pop. in 1820, 8,085; in 
1830, 11,292. 

CLINTON, v. Parke co. In. on the right 
bank of Wabash r. Lat. 39° 40', Ion. fromW. 
10° 20' W. 

CLINTON, v. Anderson co. Ten. on the 
right bank of Clinch r. 150 m. a little N. of E. 
from Murfreesborough. Lat. 36° 5', Ion. from 
W. 7° 12' W. 

CLINTON, v. Samson co. N. C. about 70 
m. S. from Raleigh. 

CLINTON, v. and seat of justice, Jones co. 
Geo. 22 m. W. from Milledgeville. Lat. 33° 
1' N. ; Ion. from W. 6° 48' W. 

CLINTON HOLLOW, Dutchess co. N. Y. 
is situated between the townships of Rhine- 
beck and Poughkeepsie, and lies along Hudson 
river. The post-office is 90 m. S. from Albany. 

CLINTONVILLE, v. Onondago co. N. Y. 
145 m. a little N. of W. from Albany. 

CLYDE, r. of Orleans co. Vt. which falls 
into Lake Memphremagog, at its SE. corner. 

CLYDE, v. on the great western canal, in 
Seneca co. N. Y. 18 m. NE. from Geneva, and 
25 NW. from Auburn. 

CLYDE RIVER, of N. Y. formed by the 
outlet of Canandaigua Lake, and Mud creek. 
These two latter unite at Lyons, in Wayne co. 

CLYMER, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. 

COALMINES, v. Chesterfield co. Va. 

COALSMOUTH, v. Kenhawa co. Va. 



COATESVILLE, v. Chester co. Pa. 

COBBESSECONTE, r. Kennebeck co. Me. 
is formed of two branches which unite in GaK- 
diner, and falls into the Kennebeck. 

COCHRANVILLE, Chester co. Pa. 

COCKE, co. E. Ten. bounded byN.C. SE., 
Sevier and Jefferson W., Jefferson N., Greene 
NE.; length 22 m., mean width 17. Chief 
town, Newport. Pop. in 1820, 4,892 ; in 1830, 
6,048. 

CODORUS, t. York co. Pa. on the Codorus. 

COD'S FERRY, v. Wabash co. II. 

COEYMANS, t. Albany co. N. Y. on the 
Hudson, 11 m. below Albany. Pop. 2,723. 

COFFEY'S FERRY, v. Pulaski co. Ken. 

COHANZY, or Caesarea creek, N. J. rise* 
in Salem co. and passing through Cumberland 
co. falls into Delaware river opposite Bombay 
Hook. It is navigable for vessels of 100 tons 
to Bridgeton, 20 m. from its mouth. 

COHASSET, s-p. Norfolk co. Mass. 25 m. 
E. from Dedham, 25 SE. from Boston. Pop. 
1,229. Cohasset rocks, which have been fatal 
to many vessels, lie off this place, 3 m. from 
the shore. 

COITSVILLE, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 16 m. 
SE. from Warren. 

COKALAHISKIT, r. Oregon Ter. rises in 
the Rocky mountains, and, after a course of 
about 300 m. enters Clark's r. a branch of the 
Columbia, in Ion. 113° W., lat. about 47° N. 

COLCHESTER, t. Chittenden co. Vt. on 
Lake Cham plain, at the mouth of Onion river, 
5 m. N. from Burlington. Pop. 1,489. 

COLCHESTER, t. New London co. Ct. 15 
m. W. from Norwich, 25 SE. from Hartford. 
Pop. 2,083. Bacon Academy, in this town, 
was founded in 1801. Its funds are $30,000. 
It is a flourishing institution, and has annually 
about 90 scholars. The academy building is 
of brick, 75 feet by 34. 

COLCHESTER, t. Delaware co. N. Y. 21 
m. S. from Delhi. Pop. 1,424. 

COLCHESTER, t. Fairfax co. Va. on Oc 
coquam creek, 4 m. above its confluence with 
the Potomac, 16 m. SW. from Alexandria, 106 
N. from Richmond. The creek is navigable 
to this place for boats. 

COLD CREEK, Ohio, runs N. and falls into 
Sandusky bay, a little W. from Sandusky. Its 
source is a large spring in the township of 
Margaretta, covering an acre and a half of 
ground. A number of mills are erected on 
the creek. 

COLDENHAM, v. in Montgomery, Orange 
co. N. Y. 

COLD SPRING, v. Suffolk co. N. Y. at the 
head of a small bay of Long Island Sound, 
and 38 m. from New York. 

COLD SPRING, v. Cape May co. N. J. 

COLD-SPRING COVE, near Burlington, 
N.J. 

COLD-STREAM MILLS, v. Hampshire 
co. Va. 

COLEBROOK, t. Coos co. N. H. 10 m. N. 
from Lancaster, 111 N. from Concord. Pop. 
542. 

, COLEBROOK, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 18 m. 



COL— COL 



241 



NNE. from Litchfield. Pop. 1,274. Here are 
iron-works, and several mills on Still river, a 
water of Farmington river. 

COLEBROOK DALE, t. Berks co. Pa. 
Pop. 1,046. 

COLERAINE, t. Franklin co. Mass. 5 m. 
NW. from Greenfield. Pop. 1,877.' 

COLERAINE, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 
1,083. 

COLERAINE, t. Bertie co. N. C. 

COLERAIISlE, v. Camden co. Geo. on the 
St. Mary's river, 30 m. above St. Mary's. 

COLERAINE, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 986. 

COLERAINE, t. Ross, co Ohio, 15 m. NE. 
from Chillicothe. 

COLERAINE, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the 
Miami river, 15 m. above its junction with the 
Ohio. 

COLE RIVER, N. H. runs into Connecti- 
cut river, at Walpole, 

COLE RIVER, Va. runs into the Kenhawa 
from the S. 

COLES, v. Woodford co. Ken. 13 m. from 
Lexington. 

COLESVILLE, v. Windsor co. N. Y. 

COLESVILLE, v. Chesterfield co. Va. 

COLIMA, a town of Mexico, in the inten- 
dency of Guadalaxara, on the frontiers of Val- 
ladolid ; it is seated at the foot of a volcanic 
mountain, about 300 m. due W. from the city 
of Mexico, upon the banks of a small river, 
about 30 m, above its entrance into the Pacific 
Ocean, in the lat. of 18° 40' N. The inter- 
vening country between the town and the sea 
is very fertile. Pop. of the town, about 2,500. 

COLLETON, district S. C. bounded by the 
Atlantic Ocean and Charleston district SE., 
Beaufort SW., Barnwell andOrangeburgh NW. 
and part of Charleston NE. ; length 57 m., 
mean width 30. Staples, rice, cotton, and to- 
bacco. Chief town, Waterborough. Pop. in 
1820, 26,373; in 1830, 27,256. 

COLLINSBURG, Centre co. Pa. 

COLORADO, or Riviere Rouge, r. La. which 
runs into the Gulf of Mexico, 50 m. below 
New Orleans. 

COLUMBIA, co. N. Y. bounded N. by 
Rensselaer co. E. by Massachusetts, S. by 
Dutchess co. and W. by the Hudson. Pop. in 
1820, 38,330 ; in 1830, 39,952. Chief town, 
Hudson. 

COLUMBIA, co. N. part of Georgia. Pop. 
12,606, of whom 8,135 are blacks. Chief 
town, Applington. 

COLUMBIA, District of, see page 149 

COLUMBIA, t. Coos co. N. H. on E. side 
of the Connecticut, 19 m. N. from Lancaster. 
570 from W. Pop. 442. 

COLUMBIA, t. Washington co. Maine, on 
Pleasant River, 18 m. SW. from Machias, 332 
NE. from Boston, 757 from W. Lat. 44° 39 
N. Pop. 663. 

COLUMBIA, t. Windham co. Ct. 9 m. W. 
from Windham, 354 from W. Pop. 1,000. 

COLUMBIA, v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 

COLUMBIA, t. Sussex co. N. J., on E. side 
of the Delaware, 20 m. above Easton. 

COLUMBIA, co. Pa., formed from a part 
2F 



of Northumberland co. Chief town, Danville. 
Pop. in 1820, 17,621 ; in 1830, 20,049. 

COLUMBIA, t. Lancaster co. Pa., on E. 
side of the Susquehannah ; 10 m W. from Lan- 
caster, 12 E. from York, 72 W. from Philadel- 
phia, 98 from W. It is a pleasant and flourish- 
ing town, and has considerable trade, chiefly 
in lumber. It contains a bank, and 3 houses 
of public worship, 1 for English Presbyterians, 
1 for German Presbyterians, and 1 for Metho- 
dists. A large proportion of the houses are 
handsomely built with brick. Here is erected 
across the Susquehannah an excellent covered 
bridge, \\ mile in length, which cost 230,000 
dollars. 

COLUMBIA, t. Fluvanna co. Va., on N. 

side of James River, at the junction of the Ri- 
nna ; 55 m. WNW. from Riclmiond, 151 m. 
from W. It has considerable trade in tobacco. 

COLUMBIA, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the 
Ohio, at the conflux of the Little Miami ; 5 m. 
E. from Cincinnati, 507 from W. 
COLUMBIA, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. 
COLUMBIA, t. Tyrrel co. N. C. 
COLUMBIA, t. Ricliland district, S. C. It 
is also the capital of the state, on the left bank 
of the Congaree, immediately below the conflu- 
ence of Broad and Saluda rivers. It is regu- 
larly laid out, upon ground considerably ele- 
vated above the neighboring streams. Boats 
of large draught ascend thus high, and a steam- 
boat has recently been built, intended to ply 
between Columbia and Charleston. Besides 
the ordinary buildings, suitable to legislative 
and judicial proceedings, and for religious pur- 
poses, a college, under the title of " the S. C. 
College," was established in this town in 1801, 
under the direct patronage of the state. It has 
9 instructors, and above 100 students, with an 
excellent library, exceeding 6,000 volumes. It 
is indeed one of the most flourishing institu- 
tions in the U. S. ; SW. from the Potomac. 

COLUMBIA, or Oregon river, one of the 
largest rivers in N. America, which waters the 
new territory of Oregon. It rises in the Rocky 
mountains, about lat. 55° N. and running SW 
falls into the Pacific ocean, in lat 46° 15' N. 
between Cape Disappointment on the N. and 
Point Adams on the S. The whole length of 
the river is estimated at 1500 m. Its princi- 
pal branches are the Wallaumut, Lewis r. and 
Clarke's r. all of which empty on the SE. side : 
the first 125 m. from its mouth, the second 413, 
and the third about 600. Vessels of 300 tons 
ma}' ascend the Columbia, as far as the mouth 
of the Wallaumut. The tide flows up 183 m. 
and large sloops may ascend this distance. 
Seven miles further up the navigation is inter- 
rupted by the great rapids. Above the rapids 
the river is navigable for 65 miles, till it is in- 
terrupted by the long narrows, and 6 miles 
further up by the falls. Above the falls there 
are no obstructions for 150 miles, to the mouth 
of Lewis river. The portages around the great 
rapids, long narrows, and falls, are in all 5 miles. 

COLUMBIANA, co. Ohio, bounded by Pa. 
E., Jefferson and Harrison S., Stark W., and 
Portage and Trumbull N.; length 30 m. breadth 



242 



COM— CON 



3D. Surface extremely broken and hilly, though 
the soil is in most parts fertile. This county 
abounds in iron ore and mineral coal, and with 
excellent mill streams. Chief town, New Lis- 
bon Pop. 1820, 22,033; in 1830, 35,508. 

COLUMBIANA, t. of Columbiana c. Ohio, 
on the waters of Great Beaver, 10 m. NNE. 
from New Lisbon. 

COLUMBUS, the political metropolis of 
Ohio, and very nearly the geographical centre 
of it. It is situated on the east bank of the 
Scioto river, in the centre of Franklin county, 
and occupies a beautiful slope, just below the 
confluence of Whetstone river with the Scioto. 
It was a compact forest in 1812. It now has 
a number of respectable schools, a classical 
seminary, the customary number of stores, a 
bank, four printing-offices, a commodious brick 
market-house, a state-house, a building for the 
public offices, a penitentiary, and an asylum 
for the deaf and dumb. The state-house is 75 
by 50 feet. The top of the cupola is 106 feet 
high. Around it are railed walks, from which 
the whole town is visible as from a map. It 
commands a delightful landscape over a coun- 
try charmingly variegated, as extensive as the 
eye can reach. The village of Franklinton, a 
mile to the west, and the winding Scioto, are 
comprehended in this view. The building, that 
contains the public offices, is 100 by 25 feet. 
In a line with it and the state-house, is the 
handsome court-house for the Federal court. 
These buildings are all on the public square, an 
area of 10 acres, reserved for public use, in 
the centre of the town. The penitentiary is in 
the south-west angle of the town, and inclosed 
with a high stone wall. Immediately below 
the penitentiary is a lateral canal, on which 
canal-boats have already floated to the town, 
connecting, this town with the Ohio and Erie 
canal 11 miles south. This will greatly add 
to the resources of the town. There are three 
churches, of which the Presbyterian church is 
spacious, being 50 by 50 feet. Manufactures 
have commenced, and its relations to the canal 
will give a new impetus to their growth. The 
circumstance of its being the political metrop- 
olis of its great state, attaches to it a distin- 
guished and polite society. It is a striking 
example of the creation, no longer uncommon 
in the western country, of a town, that has 
grown to importance in a few years from the 
solid forest. It is in N. lat. 39° 57' and 6° 
W. Ion. fromW. It is 396 m. from Washington, 
551 from New York, 477 from Philadelphia, 
575 from Boston, 429 from Baltimore, 991 from 
New Orleans, 397 from Nashville, 112 from 
Cincinnati, and 45 above Chillicothe. Pop. in 
1820, 1,400; in 1830, 2,439. 

COLUMBUS, t. Chenango co. N. Y., 12 m. 
NE. Norwich. Pop. 1,661. 

COLUMBUS, co. N.C. Pop. 3,912. Chief 
town, Whitesville. 

COMBAHEE, r. S. C. runs into St. Helena 
sound. 

COMBAHEE FERRY, on the Combahee 
r. is 17 m. from Jacksonborough, 15 from Po- 
eatahgo. 



COMITE, r. Mississippi joins the Amite, 12 
m. E. Baton Rouge. 

COMMISSIONER'S CREEK, Geo. runs 
into the Oconee, 20 or 30 m. below Milledgeville. 

COMMUNIPA, v. Bergen co. N. J. on N. 
York bay, 2 m. SW. from Paulus-Hook. 

CONAQUENESING CREEK, Pa. joins 
the Mahoning 12 m. above its mouth. 

CONCHACHITOU, t. Mississippi, on the 
Pascagoula. Long. 88° 43' W, lat. 32° 15' N. 

CONCORD, t. Rockingham co. N. H. and 
capital of the state, stands on the Merrimack, 
42 m. WNW. from Portsmouth, 62 NN W. from 
Boston. Long. 71° 30' W. lat. 43° 12' N. The 
village is built principally on two streets on tliQ 
W. bank of the river, and contains a state- 
house, state-prison, Congregational church, and 
above 130 dwelling-houses. The state-house is 
a handsome stone building. The state-prison 
is also of stone, and contains 36 cells. In 1823 
the courts were removed from Portsmouth, and 
are now held in this town. By means of Mer- 
rimack river there is a boat communication 
between Concord and Boston. Much of the 
trade of the upper country centres here. Pop. 
in 1820, 2,838; in 1830, 3,729. 

CONCORD, t. Grafton co. N. H. 68 m. N. 
from Concord. Pop. 1,126. 

CONCORD, t. Essex co. Vt. on Connecticut 
r. 38 m. ENE. from Montpelier. 

CONCORD, r. Mass. formed by two branch- 
es, which unite at Concord, whence it flows 
NE. and N. with a gentle current, through 
Bedford and Billerica, and joins the Merrimack 
in Tewkesbury. Middlesex canal is supplied 
with water from this river. 

CONCORD, t. Middlesex co. Mass. on Con- 
cord river, 18 m. NW. from Boston, 30 ENE. 
from Worcester. The courts of the county are 
held alternately here and at Cambridge. The 
public buildings are a court-house and spacious 
stone jail, and a Congregational church. Here 
are 3 bridges across the river. In this town 
the Provincial Congress met in 1774 ; and 
here the first opposition was made to the Brit- 
ish troops, on the 19th of April, 1775. Pop. in 
1820, 1,788 ; in 1830, 2,017. 

CONCORD, t. Erie co. N. Y. S. of Buffalo. 
Pop. 2,786. 

CONCORD, v. Franklin co. Pa. 

CONCORD, t. Delaware co. Pa. on a branch 
of Chester creek, 21 m. SW. from Philadelphia. 
Pop. 1,032. 

CONCORD, t. Erie co. Pa. 

CONCORD, t. Sussex co. Del. 

CONCORD, v. Campbell co. Va. 

CONCORD, t. capital of Cabarrus co. N. C 
on Rocky river, 20 m. SW. from Salisbury. 

CONCORD, t. Champaign co. Ohio 

CONCORD, t. Miami co. Ohio. 

CONCORD, t. Ross co. Ohio, 12 m. W. from 
Chillicothe. 

CONCORD, t. Fayette co. Ohio. 

CONCORD, t. Highland co. Ohio. 

CONCORD, t. Delaware co. Ohio. 

CONCORD, t. Washington co. Missouri. 

CONCORDIA, parish of, La., on the W 
side of the Mississippi ; bounded by the Mis. 



CON— CON 



243 



river E. and SE., by Red, Black, and Tensau 
rivers SW. and W., and by Washitan N. ; 
length 112 m. ; mean width, 15. 

CONCORDIA, t. and cap. Concordia co. 
La., on the Mississippi, opposite Natches. 

CONECOCHEAGUE, r. rises near Mer- 
cersburg, Pa. and runs into the Potomac at 
Williamsport, Md. 8 m. S. of the Pa. line. 

CONECUH, co. Ala. bounded by Florida S., 
Monroe W. and NW., Butler N., and Coving- 
ton, E. Chief town, Sparta. N. lat. 31° 15'. 

CONECUH, r. Ala., receives the Escambia, 
and runs into the St. Maria de Galvez, an arm 
of Pensjcola bay. It is navig-able 200 miles. 

CONEDOGWINIT CREEK, Pa. runs E. 
into the Susquehannah, a little above Harris- 
burg. 

CONEMAUGH CREEK, Pa. rises in the 
Alleghany mountains, and runs into the Alle- 
ghany, 29 m. NE. from Pittsburg. At Chest- 
nut ridge it takes the name of Kiskemanitas. 
Conemaugh salt-works are situated in West- 
moreland and Indiana counties, on both banks 
of this creek, 1 m. above its confluence with 
the Loyalhannon, and 15 NE. from Greens- 
burg. 

CONESTOGA, small river of Lancaster co. 
Pa., rising on the borders of Chester, Berks, 
and Lebanon cos. and flowing SE. through 
the centre of Lancaster co. falls into the Sus- 
quehannah river, about 10 m. below Columbia, 
and an equal distance SE. from the city of 
Lancaster. It flows through one of the most 
productive parts of the state. 

CONE W AGO, creek of Pa., separating Lan- 
caster and Dauphin counties, and falling into 
the Susquehannah r. 4 m. below Middletown. 

CONEWAGO, a much more considerable 
stream than the preceding, rising in Adams 
co. Pa., and flowing NE. into York, over which 
it passes to the Susquehannah, into which it 
falls 5 m. below Middletown. 

CONEWANGO CREEK, or small river of 
N. Y. and Pa. It is formed by the outlet of 
Chatauque lake, and other large creeks, from 
Chatauque and Cataraugus counties, N. Y. 
These unite, and turning S. enter Warren co. 
Pa., falling into Alleghany river at the village 
of Warren. 

CONNECTICUT, the great river of New 
England. It has its source on the N. border 
of N. H., and separates New Hampshire from 
Vermont, passes through Massachusetts and 
Connecticut, and flows into Long Island Sound 
between Saybrook and Lime. Its general 
course is S. by W. till it reaches Middletown, 
Ct., after which it has a SSE. course to its 
mouth. Its whole length is 410 miles. It is 
navigable for vessels drawing 10 feet of water 
to Middletown, 36 miles, for those drawing 8 
feet to Hartford, 50 miles ; and by means of 
locks and canals, it has been rendered naviga- 
ble to the Fifteen Mile Falls, Bath, N. H. 250 
miles above Hartford. The boats which navi- 
gate the river carry from 12 to 20 tons in de- 
scending, and about two-thirds as much in re- 
turning. The falls on this river, which have 
been remedied by artificial means, are at En- 



field, Ct. the WilHmantic, South Hadley, Mon- 
tague, Walpole, Plainfield, and Lebanon. Of 
these Bellows Falls, at Walpole, are the most 
remarkable. The perpendicuLr fall in the 
river, which has been overcome by means of 
locks and dams, between Springfield, Mass. 
and Hanover, N. H. a distance of 130 m. is 
200 feet. The Connecticut flows through a 
fine country. The land bordering upon it is 
generally of an excellent quality, and there are 
upon its banks many beautiful and flourish- 
ing towns, among which are Haverhill, Hano- 
ver, Charlestown, and Walpole, N. H. ; New- 
bury, Windsor, and Brattleborough, Vermont ; 
Greenfield, Hadley, Northampton, and Spring- 
field, Mass. ; Hartford, Middletown, &c. Ct. 

CONNECTICUT, lake, in N. part of N.H. 
It is the source of the principal branch of the 
river Connecticut ; 5h m. long and 2 J broad. 
Lat. 45° 2' N. 

CONNECTICUT RESERVE, or New Con- 
necticut, the NE. part of the state of Ohio. 
The extent is 120 m. from E. to W. and 52 
from N. to S. It contains 4,000,000 of acres ; 
comprises 7 counties, Ashtabula, Trumbull, 
Portage, Geauga, Cuyahoga, Medina, and Hu- 
ron; r.nd is settled principally by emigrants 
from the states of Massachusetts and Connec- 
ticut. 

CONNELLSVILLE, bor. Fayette co. Pa. 
on N. side of the Youghiogeny ; 255 m. from 
Philadelphia, 200 from W. Pop. 900. It has 
a pleasant and elevated situation, and com- 
mands a handsome prospect. In the neigh- 
borhood of the town there are several mer- 
chant mills, furnaces, forges, and many other 
mills. The river is navigable to this town. 

CONNORSVILLE, v. and seat of justice, 
Fayette co. In. on White Water river, 65 m. 
SE. bv E. from Indianapolis. Lat. 39° 38' N 

CONNOWINGO, v. near Connowingo Falls 
in Susquehannah, NW. angle of Cecil co. Md. 
18 m. NW. by W. from Elkton, and 35 NE. 
from Baltimore. 

CONOCOCHEAGUE, r. Pa. which is form- 
ed by two branches, one of which, the east 
branch, rises on N. side of South Mountain in 
Adams co. the other, the W. branch, rises in 
N. side of North Mountain, in Franklin co. 
They unite 3 m. N. of Maryland line, and the 
river passes through that state, and falls into 
the Potomac at Williamsport. 

CONOLO WAY CREEK, r. Pa. which runs 
into the Potomac, near Hancock's Town, m 
Maryland. 

CONSTABLE, t. Franklin co. N. Y. on 
Canada fine ; 14 m. NW. from Malone, 235 
NNW. from Albany, 605 from W. 

CONST ANTIA, t. Oswego co. N. Y. on 
N. side of Oneida Lake ; 439 m. from W. Pop. 
1,193. Large quantities of iron ore are found 
here. 

CONST ANTIA, v. Acadia district, La.; 
1,315 m. from W. 

CONTOOCOOK, r. N. H. which rises in 
Jaffrey and Rindge, and runs NE. into the 
Merrimack. 

CONWAY, t. Strafford co. N. H. watered 



244 



CON— COR 



by tho Saco; 75 m. N. from Portsmouth, 555 
fromW. Pop. 1,601. 

CONWAY, t. Franklin co. Mass.; 6 m. 
SW. from Greenfield, 100 W. from Boston, 403 
fromW. Pop. 1,563. 

CONWAY, t. of Sudbury co. N. Brunswick, 
on the right bank of St. John's river, and near 
the Bay of Fundy. 

CONWAYBOROUGH, v. on Waccamaw 
river, Horry district, S. C. 100 m. NE. from 
Charleston. Lat. 33° 46' N. 

CONWAYBOROUGH, t. Georgetown dis- 
trict, S. C. ; 462 m. from W. 

CONYNGHAM, v. Luzerne co. Pa. in Nes- 
copeck Valley, upon the turnpike, leading from 
Berwick to Bethlehem. It is 12 m. from the 
Susquehannah at Berwick, and 18 m. from Le- 
high, at Lausanne. It is built upon one street, 
at the foot of the Buck Mountain. 

COOLIDGE LANDING, t. Md. on the 
Patuxent ; 28 m. SSW. from Annapolis. 

COOLSPRING, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 
596. 

COOKSVILLE, v. Ann Arundel co. Md. ; 
53 m. from Annapolis, and 61 from W. 

COOLVILLE, v. Athens co. Ohio, 110 m. 
SE. from Columbus. 

COOK'S RIVER, large r. of N. America, 
which flows into the N. Pacific ocean. It was 
discovered in 1778, by Capt. Cook, who left a 
blank for its name, which was filled up by the 
Earl of Sandwich. This river was traced as 
high as lat. 61° 30' N. which is above 70 
leagues from its mouth, in Ion. 152° W. 

COOKSTOWN, v. on the right bank of the 
Monongahela river, in the NW. angle of Fay- 
ette co. Pa. ; 23 m. SSE. from Pittsburg. 

COOKE'S SETTLEMENT, Miso. on the 
road from St. Louis to Arkansas and Red 
rivers, 30 from St. Genevieve, 8 from Murphy's 
Settlement. 

COOKE'STOWN, v. Westmoreland co. Pa. 

COOPER, t. Washington co. Me. Pop. 
200. 

COOPER, r. S. C. passes along the E. side 
of the city of Charleston, and meets the Ash- 
ley, in Charleston harbor. A canal connects 
't with the Santee, and opens a navigable com- 
munication between Charleston and the inte- 
rior country. 

COOPER, co. Miso. between Osage and 
Missouri rivers. Surface of the country diver- 
sified, with considerable prairie : the alluvial 
soil of the rivers is of first-rate quality. Chief 
town, Boonville. Pop. 6,019. Lat. of Boon- 
ville, the seat of justice, 39° 53' N. 15° 20' W. 
from W. 

COOPER'S FERRY, from Philadelphia to 
the upper extremity of Camden village, Glou- 
cester co. N. J. 

COOPER'S TOWN, t. and seat of justice, 
Otsego co. N. Y. on Otsego Lake, W. side of 
its outlet into Susquehannah river. The situ- 
ation of Cooperstown is in a high degree pic- 
turesque , the lake spreads to the N. between 
hills, which rise on both sides to a considera- 
ble elevation, clothed with timber to their sum- 
mits. The village is compactly built on une- 
ven ground, on the W. or right side of the 



outlet ; 66 m. W. from Albany, 45 SE. from 
Utica. Lat. 42° 42' N. Ion. 2° 5' E. from W 
COOPERSTOWN, v. Hartford co. Md. ; 12 
m. NW. from Harford, 24 NE. from Balti- 
more. 

COOS, northern co. of N. H. bounded by 
Connecticut river NW. by L. Canada N. by 
Maine E. by Strafford co. N. H. S. and by 
Grafton SW. Length 84 m. mean width 20. 
The highest mountains in the U. States are in 
this co. ; the White Hills rising to 7,300 feet 
above the level of the ocean. Much of the 
soil is productive in grain and pasturage. 
Chief town, Lancaster. Pop. 1820, 5,549 ; in 
1830, 8,390. 

COOSA RIVER, the NW. branch of the 
Alabama, rises in the NW. part of Georgia, 
flowing SW. about 100 m. enters Alabama, 
and gradually turns to a S. course, in which 
direction it continues 200 m. to its junction 
with the Tallapoosa. It is boatable generally 
to Weetumka falls, 7 m. above its mouth, and 
at high water, to the junction of Etowlah and 
Oostenalah rivers in Georgia. 

COOSA WATCHY, r. S. C. falls into Port 
Royal Sound. 

COOSAWATCHY, t. and seat of justice, 
Beaufort co. S. C. lying on the Coosahatchie r. 
about 75 m. SW. by W. from Charleston. Lat. 
32° 32' N. Ion. 3° 58' W. from W. 

COOSAWDA, v. Autauga co. Ala. on the 
right bank of Alabama river, 6 m. below the 
junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers, 
and about 60 m. NE. by E. from Cahawba. 

COOTSTOWN, a well-built v. of Berks co. 
Pa. on a branch of Maiden creek, and on the 
road from Reading to Allentown, 17 m. from 
each. 

COPENHAGEN, v. Lewis co. N. Y. 

COPLEY, t. Medina co. Ohio. 

COPPER RIVER, NW. Territory, after a 
course of 300 m. joins the Chippeway, 30 m. 
above its mouth. 

CORBEAU, r. Miso. Ter. the largest tribu- 
tary to the Mississippi above the St. Peters. 
Its southern branch rises near the sources of 
the St. Peters and receives the NW. branch 
called the Pemmisco, whose head waters are 
near those of Red river. The united stream 
then flows 180 m. and joins the Mississippi in 
lat. 45° 49' 50" N. 

CORE SOUND, on the coast of North Car- 
olina, 20 m. long. Lon. 77° 5' W. lat. 34° 
38' N. It communicates with Pamlico Sound 
on the N. Beaufort Inlet leads into it on the S. 

CORINTH, t. Penobscot co. Me. at the fork 
of the roads, 18 m. NW. from Bangor. Pop. 
712. It is a fine flourishing town. 

CORINTH, t. Orange co. Vt. ; 41 m. from 
Windsor. Pop. 2,000. 

CORINTH, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. Pop. 
1,412. 

CORNISH, t. York co. Me. on Saco river, 
50 m. from N. York. Pop. 1,088. 

CORNISH, t. Sullivan co. N. H. on Con- 
necticut river, 16 m. S. from Dartmouth Col- 
lege, 34 NW. from Concord. Pop. 1,687. 

CORNVILLE, t. Somerset co. Me. 11 m. 
ENE. from Norridgewock, 44 N. from Hal 



COR—COV 



245 



Iowell. Pop. 1,104. Wesserunset river runs 
through the centre of the town, and several 
mills are erected on it. 

CORNWALL, t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter 
creek, 36 m. S. from Burlington. Pop. 1,120. 

CORNWALL, t. U. C. co. of Stormont, on 
the left bank of the St. Lawrence, between 
Osnaburg and Charlottcnburg. 

CORNWALL, t. Litchfield co. Ct. on the 
E. side of Housatonnuc river, 10 m. NW. from 
Litchfield. Pop. 1,712. There is a Foreign 
Mission School in this place, under the direc- 
tion of the American Board of Commissioners 
for Foreign Missions, established in 1817, for 
the purpose of educating heathen youth from 
various parts of the world. After they have 
received their education, they are sent home to 
instruct their own countrymen. In 1821 the 
number of pupils was 29 ; of whom 19 were 
American Indians, and 6 from the islands of 
the Pacific ocean. Sixteen of these youth 
have already proceeded to different missionary 
stations well qualified for usefulness. 

CORNWALL, t. Orange co. N. Y. on the 
Hudson, below Newburgh, 52 m. N. from New 
York. Pop. 3,486. In this town is West 
Point. 

CORNWALL BRIDGE, v. Litchfield co. 
Con. 

CORRINA, t. Somerset co. Maine. Pop. 
1,077. 

CORRYSTOWN, v. in Charleston, Mont- 
gomery co. N. Y. 

CORNWALLIS, t. of Nova Scotia, on the 
W. coast ; 45 m. NW. from Halifax. 

CORNWALLIS, a co. of L. Canada, ex- 
tending for about 160 m. along the SE. bank 
of the great river St. Lawrence, bounded on 
the NE. by the district of Gaspe. It is at 
present but thinly inhabited. 

CORNWALLIS POINT, cape of North 
America. Lon. 57° W. from W. lat. 57° N. 

CORTLANDT, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 
on the Hudson; 40 m. N. from New- York. 
Pop. 3,054. In this town is the village of 
Peekskill. From its vicinity to the great com- 
mercial metropolis, it has been well settled 
and highly improved. 

CORTLANDT, co. of N. Y. on the heads 
of the Toniogo river, branch of Chenango, 
bounded by Tompkins and Cayuga W. Onon- 
dago N. Madison NE. Chenango E. and 
Broome S. Length 25, mean width 20 m. 
Chief town, Homer. Pop. 1820, 16,507; in 
1830, 23,791. 

CORTLANDT, t. Cortlandt co. N. Y. 

CORTLANDT, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. 

CORYDON, t. Harrison co. In. on Indian 
creek, 15 m. above its entrance into the Ohio ; 
8 m. E. from Blue river, 25 SW. from Louis- 
ville, 666 from W. Lat. 38° 15' N. lon. 9° 
2' W. from W. It was commenced in 1809, 
is the seat of justice of the coiinty, and con- 
tains a court-house and jail. N. of the town 
is an extensive region of barrens. Pop. 1,500. 
Two newspapers are published here. 

COSDAUGA. See Casada Lake. 

COSHECTON, v. Sullivan co. N. Y. on the 
Delaware 60 m. W. from Newbury. 



COSHOCTON, co. Ohio, oounded by Musk- 
ingum S. Licking SW. Knox W. Wa) r ne N 
Tuscarawas E. and Guernsey SE. Length 
30 m. mean width 30. Surface hilly, and soil 
varied. Chief town, Coshocton. Pop. 1820, 
7,086 ; in 1830, 11,161. 

COSHOCTON, t. and seat of justice, Co- 
shocton co. Ohio, en the E. side of Muskingum 
river, opposite to the mouth of White Wo- 
man's river. Lat. 40° 17' N. lon. 4° 55' W. 
from W. 

COSTON'S INLET, channel between two 
small islands of N. Jersey. Lon. 74° 36' W. 
lat. 39° 14' N. 

COTTON-GIN-PORT, Ala. on the Tom- 
bigbee, at the head of navigation ; 60 m. S. by 
W. from Florence. 

COTTON PORT, t. Madison co. Ala. on 
the Limestone, 1 m. above its entrance into 
the Tennessee, about 100 from the falls of the 
Black Warrior. The river is navigable to this 
place for keel and flat-bottomed boats at ail 
seasons. The town was laid out in 1818. 

COVENTRY, t. Orleans co. Vt. at S. end 
of Lake Memphremagog, and is watered by 
Black river; 60 m. NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 
728. 

COVENTRY, t. Grafton co. N. H.; 9 m. 

E. from Haverhill. Pop. 441. 

COVENTRY, t. Kent co. R. I. ; 15 m. SW 
Providence. Pop. 3,851. It contains a paper- 
mill, and several cotton manufactories. 

COVENTRY, t. Tolland co. Ct. It is di- 
vided into two parishes called North and South 
Coventry. There is a Congregational meet- 
ing-house in each, 4 m. apart. The N. parish 
is 16 m. E. of Hartford, and the S. 20 m. and 
about the same distance from Norwich. In 
the S. parish there is a natural pond or lake, 
about 2-J m. long and 1 broad, from which, by 
an artificial race, flows a stream of water, 
affording one of the finest collections of mill- 
seats in the U. States. On this stream are al- 
ready two cotton manufactories, one woollen, 
two machine manufactories, in which is made 
machinery of the first quality, a saw-mill and 
a tannery. In the N. parish there is a glass- 
house and several tanneries. Pop. 2,119. 

COVENTRY, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 20 m. 
SSW. from Norwich ; 148 m. SW. by W. from 
Albany. Pop. 1,576. 

COVERT, t. Seneca co. N. Y. Pop. 1,791 

COVINGTON, t. Genesee co. N. Y. Pop. 
2,716. 

COVINGTON, t. Campbell co. Ken. sepa- 
rated from Newport by Licking river, on the 
Ohio, opposite Cincinnati. It is very finely 
situated, and the streets are so planned that 
they appear to be a continuation of those of 
Cincinnati. In this place are respectable man- 
ufacturing estabhshments, particularly of cot- 
ton. 

COVINGTON, t. St. Tammany's co. La.; 

I, 107 m. from W. 

COVINGTON, t. and cap. Washington co. 

II. on Kaskaskias river. 
COVINGTON, co. Ala. bordering on Flo- 
rida. Pop. 1,522. Chief town, Montezuma. 

COVINGTON, c% Mis. bounded by the 



246 



COU— CRO 



Choctaw country NW. Wayne E. Perry S. 
and Lawrence W. Length 20 m. mean width 
25. Chief town, Williamsburgh. Pop. 2,549. 

COUNCI L BLUFF, on E. side of the Mis- 
souri, a little above the mouth of the river 
Platte, 800 m. from the Mississippi. Lon. 
96° 40' W. lat. 41° 30' N. This place is oc- 
cupied by the U. S. as a military post ; and 
here are generally stationed a few companies 
of infantry, with a view to overawe the sur- 
rounding tribes of savages, and to prevent, as 
well their mutual hostilities, as those incur- 
sions which they might otherwise attempt 
against the frontier American settlers. The 
position is a very important one, being about 
halfway between St. Louis and the Mandan 
village, and at that point on the Missouri, 
which approaches nearest to the post at the 
mouth of St. Peters, with which, in the event 
of hostilities, it may co-operate. It is, besides, 
in the centre of the most powerful tribes, and 
the most numerous Indian population, west of 
the Mississippi. 

COURT ABLEAU, r. La. is formed by the 
Crocodile and Boeuf, and joins the Atchafa- 
laya, 30 m. W. from Baton Rouge. 

COURTWRIGHT, v. Fairfield co. Ohio. 

COWDERSPORT, t. and cap. Potter co. 
Pa. 

COWFORD, ford in St. John's river, Flori- 
da ; 28 m. N. from the bar at the mouth of the 
river. 

COW ISLAND, Isle de Vaches, in Mis- 
souri river, 380 m. above its mouth, about 100 
above Fort Osage. Here the expedition to 
the Yellow-stone wintered in 1818-19. 

COWPASTURE, r. Va. one of the princi- 
pal branches of James river. 

COWPENS, in Union co. S. C. between 
Pacolet and Broad rivers, the place where Gen. 
Morgan defeated the British under Col. Tarle- 
ton,Jan. 11, 1781. 

COWPERSHILL, v. Robertson co. N. C. 

COXACKIE, t. Greene co. N.Y. on the Hud- 
eon, 25 m. S. from Albany, 8 above Catskill. 
Pop. 3,373. There are three landings in this 
town. The village of Coxackie contains 150 
dwelling-houses, and a church. New Baltimore 
was set off from the NE. part of this town in 
1811. 

COYAU, settlement, Tenn. on Tennessee r. 
30 m. below Knoxville. 

CRAB-BOTTOM, or Hulls, v. Pendleton 
co. Va. 

CRAB-ORCHARD, v. Washington co. Va. 

CRAB-ORCHARD, t. Lincoln co. Ken. on 
Dick's river, 8 m. from Cumberland river, 25 
SE. from Danville. 

CRAFTSBURY, t. Orleans co. Vt. 28m.N. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 700. The courts of the 
county were formerly held here. 

CRAIGIE'S MILLS, v. Oxford co. Maine. 

CRANBERRY, r. NW. Territory, which 
runs into the SW. end of Lake Superior. 

CRANBERRY, t. Middlesex co. N. J. 9 m. 
E. from Princeton, 16 SSW. from Brunswick. 

CRANBERRY, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 800. 

CRANBERRY, island, on the coast of Me. 
SE. of Mount Desert. 



CRANE ISLAND, island in the Potomac 

30 m. SW. from Annapolis. 

CRANE ISLAND, narrow island, about 6 
m. in length, in Hunting sound, on the coast 
of N. C. Lon. 76° 45' W. lat. 34° 40' N. 

CRANEY, small isl. Va. in Hampton Road, 
at the mouth of Elizabeth river ; 5 m. SW. from 
Fort George. There is a strong fort on this 
island which defends the entrance of James 
and Elizabeth rivers ; and in the last war, 
the British were here decisively repulsed, with 
great loss, in an attempt against Norfolk and 
the Constellation frigate. 

CRANSTON, t. Providence co. R. I., on W. 
side of Narraganset bay ; 5 m. S. from Provi- 
dence. Pop. 2,651. This township contains 
several cotton manufactories, and 5 houses of 
public worship, 3 for Baptists, 1 for Friends, 
and 1 for Methodists. Here is found iron 
ore. 

CRAVEN, co. SE. part of N. C. Pop. 14,325. 
Chief town, Newbern. 

CRAWFORD, v. Orange co. N. Y., 109 m. 
S. from Albany. 

CRAWFORD, co. Pa., bounded by Erie N., 
W arren E., Venango SE., Mercer and state 
of Ohio W. ; length 47 m. mean width 24. 
Chief town, Meadville. Pop. in 1820, 9,397 ; 
in 1830, 16,005. 

CRAWFORD, co. Mich. It lies west of 
Lake Michigan. Pop. in 1820, 492 ; in 1830, 
692. 

CRAWFORD, co. In. on the Ohio, below 
its junction with Great Blue river ; bounded by 
Ohio SE., by Perry SW., Dubois W., Orange 
N., Washington NE., and Harrison E. ; length 
22 m. mean width 12. Chief town, Fredonia. 
Pop. in 1820, 2,583 ; in 1830, 3,184. 

CRAWFORD, co. II. bounded by Clarke 
N., Wabash river E., Edwards, Wayne, and 
Jefferson S., and Bond W. ; length 75 m. mean 
width 35. Pop. in 1820, 3,024 ; in 1830, 3,113. 

CREDIT RIVER, U. C, discharges itself 
into Lake Ontario, between the head of that 
lake and York, in the Mississaga territory. It 
is a great resort for these and other Indian 
tribes, and abounds in fish. 

C REN DRIER, lake, N. Carolina. 

CRESAPSBURG, t. Alleghany co. Md., 2 
m. from the Potomac, 8 N. from Frankford. 

CREWSVILLE, t. Goochland co. Va., lying 
on the S. side of South Anna river, a branch 
of Pamunkey river, 20 m. SE. of Columbia 
court-house, and 122 from W. 

CROGHANSVILLE, t. Ohio, laid out in 
1817, on E. bank of the Sandusky, opposite 
Fort Stephenson, 12 m. ab®ve the mouth of the 
river, 105 N. from Columbus. 

CROIX, La, lake, Louisiana. 

CROOKED CREEK BRIDGE, v. Arm- 
strong co. Pa. 

CROOKED LAKE, in Steuben and Onta- 
rio cos. N. Y., between Pulteney and Wayne, 
in Steuben co. ; 5 m. W. from Seneca Lake, 
18 miles long, 1J broad. 

CROOKED CREEK, r. Pa., which runs 
into the Alleghany, 8 or 9 m. belong Kittaning. 

CROOKED ISLAND, island in the group 
of Bahamas, between Crooked Island Passage 



CRO — CUM 



247 



and Mayaguana Passage. Lon. from W. 2° 
40' E. lat. 22° 30' N. 

CROOKED ISLAND PASSAGE, NW. 
from Crooked Island, and stretching- from the 
Old Bahama channel to the Atlantic ocean, 
between Crooked and Yuma or Long- Island. 

CROOKED RIVER, Maine, runs into Se- 
bago pond, after a SE. course of about 40 m. 

CROOKED RIVER, Camden co. Geo. runs 
into the Atlantic between the Satilla and the 
St. Mary's, 12 or 14 m. N. from St. Mary's. 

CROOKED RIVER, Illinois, runs into the 
Illinois from the NW. 75 m. above its mouth. 

CROSBY, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the Mi- 
ami, opposite Colerain. Pop. 2,100. 

CROSS ANCHOR, v. Spartanburg co. S. C. 

CROSS CAPE, on the E. coast of Florida. 
Lon. 84° 50' W. lat. 46° 27' N. 

CROSS CREEK, t. Washington co. Pa. 
Pop. 2,000. 

CROSS CREEK, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 3 m. 
W. from Steubenville. Poo. 2,000. 

CROSS CREEKS, two "creeks flowing into 
Ohio river ; one rises in Washington co. Pa. 
and flowing W. falls into Ohio river, 5 m. be- 
low Steubenville ; the other enters directly op- 
posite the preceding, from Jefferson co. Ohio. 

CROSS ISLAND, on the coast of Maine, 
at the entrance into Machias bay. Lon. 67° 
15' W. 

CROSS KEYS, v. Southampton co. Va. 

CROSS KEYS, v. Union co. S. C. 

CROSS LAKE, N. Y. on the borders of 
Cayuga and Onondaga counties. Seneca river 
passes through it. 

CROSS RIVER, v. Westchester co. N. Y. 

CROSS ROADS, v. in New London, Ches- 
ter co. Pa. 27 m. SE. from Lancaster, 11 NW. 
from Elkton, Md. and 18 WNW. from Wil- 
mington, Del. 

CROSS ROADS, v. Kent co. Md. 2 m. S. 
from Georgetown. 

CROSS WICKS, v. Burlington co. N. J. 4 m. 
SW. from Allentown, 8 SE. from Trenton, 14 
SW. from Burlington. 

CROTON CREEK, rises in New Fairfield, 
Ct. and running across Putnam and West- 
chester counties, N. Y. falls into the Tappan 
sea in Hudson river. At Croton Falls, the 
water descends perpendicularly 60 or 70 feet. 
A bridge erected across the creek 3 m. from 
its mouth, commands a fine view of the falls. 

CROW, r. Miso. which runs into the Mis- 
sissippi 25 m. above St. Anthony's falls. 

CROW CREEK, Ten. falls into the Ten- 
nessee opposite Crow town, 12 m. below Nick- 
ojack town. 

CROWNPOINT, t. Essex co. N. Y. on Lake 
Champlain, 15 m. N. from Ticonderoga, 184 
from Montreal. Lat. 44° 3' N. lon. 73° 29' W. 
Pop. 2,041. 

CROWSNEST, mt. in the Highlands, near 
Hudson river, N. Y. Height, 1,330 feet. 

CROWSVILLE, v. Spartanburg co. S.C. 

CROYDON, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 18 m. NE. 
from Charlestown, 34 NW. from Concord. Pop. 
1,060. 1 

CRUGERSTOWN, t. Frederick co. Md. 

CUBA, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. 



CUBA, the largest and most important of 
the West Indies. It commands the windward 
passage, as well as the entrance into the gulfs 
of Mexico and Florida, and is called with rea- 
son the key of the West Indies. It is 700 m 
in length, and on a medium 70 in breadth. It 
is equal in size to Great Britain. Its popula- 
tion has been rated at 750,000, but there is 
reason to believe that it exceeds that number. 
A small belt of the island only has yet been 
cultivated. A chain of mountains, not very 
lofty, extends through the whole island. The 
soil is exceedingly fertile ; the climate moro 
temperate than that of most of the other islands ; 
and Cuba is justly considered the healthiest 
and most fruitful settlement in the Antilles. 
It is, probably, the richest island, all things 
considered, in the world. Gold was formerly 
found in the island, and copper and iron abound. 
It is famed, also, for mineral waters, and salt 
springs. Its chief wealth is derived from its 
extensive sugar plantations. Coffee is its next 
most important product. Its tobacco is the 
best in the world. It abounds in trees, among 
which are many fitted for ship-timber. Bees 
have multiplied to a great extent. Cattle, as 
in New Spain, have become wild in the woods, 
and are killed for their hides and tallow. The 
people are active and enterprising, and the 
revenue, formerly reckoned at 2,000,000 of 
piastres, is now much more than double that 
sum. The military force, chiefly militia, com 
sists of 20,000, most of whom are ill disciplined. 
Chief towns are, Havana, Puerto del Principe, 
St. Jago, and Matanzas. 

CUBB'S CREEK, Va. runs into Staunton 
river, lon. 79° W. lat. 36° 47' N. 
CUCKOOVILLE, v. Louisa co. Va. 
CULPEPER, co. NE. part of Va. bounded 
NE. by Fauquier co. SE. by Spottsylvania and 
Orange cos. SW. by Madison co. and"NW. by 
Shenandoah co. Pop. 24,026, of whom 11,419 
are slaves. Chief town, Fairfax. 

CUMBERLAND, co. SW. part of Maine, 
bounded W. and N. by Oxford co. E. by Lin- 
coln co. SE. by the Atlantic, and SW. by York 
co. Pop. 60,113. Chief town, Portland. 

CUMBERLAND, t. Providence co. R. I. on 
NE. side of the Pawtucket ; 6 m. N. from Prov- 
idence. Pop. 3,675. Here are several cotton 
manufactories. 

CUMBERLAND, co. N. J. bounded N. by 
Gloucester eo. E. by Cape May co. S. by Del- 
aware bay, and W. by Salem co. Pop. in 1820, 
12,668; in 1830, 14,091. Chief town, Bridge 
town. 

CUMBERLAND, t. Adams co. Pa. 
CUMBERLAND, t. Greene co. Pa. W. of 
the Monongahela. Pop. 1,591. 

CUMBERLAND, co. Pa. W. of the Susque- 
hannah, bounded N. by Mifflin co. E. by Dau- 
phin co. S. by York and Adams cos. and SW. 
and W. by Franklin co. Pop. in 1820, 23,606; 
in 1830, 29,218. Chief town, Carlisle. 

CUMBERLAND, t. and cap. Alleghany co. 
Md. on the Potomac, at the junction of Wills' 
Creek, 148 m. W. by N. from Baltimore, 155 
from W. It contains a court-house, a jail, a 
market-house, a bank, and 3 house of public 



248 



CUM— DAN 



worship, 1 for L^'irierurife, x foi Roman Catho- 
lics, and 1 for Methodists. 

CUMBERLAND, co. central part of Va. 
bounded N. by James river, E. by Powhatan 
and Amelia cos. S. by Prince Edward co. and 
W. by Buckingham co. Pop. 11,689, of whom 
7,309 are slaves. Chief town, Cartersville. 

CUMBERLAND, co. central part of N. C. 
Pop. in 1820, 14,446 ; in 1830, 14,824. Chief 
town, Fayetteville. 

CUMBERLAND, co. S. part of Ken. Pop. 
8,636. Chief town, Burkesville. 

CUMBERLAND, t. New Kent co. Va. on 
SW. side of the Pamunky, about 35 m. E. from 
Richmond. 

CUMBERLAND, a town and fort of British 
America, in a county of the same name, form- 
ing- the isthmus which unites Nova Scotia to 
New Brunswick. The fort is situate at the 
head of the bay of Fundy, on the east side of 
its northern branch, called Chignecto Bay. 
The isthmus is here about 15 m. across, easily 
admitting a canal to unite the Bay of Fundy 
with the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 64° 10' 
W. lat. 45° 45' N. 

CUMBERLAND GAP, pass through the 
Cumberland mountains, in Claiborne co. Ten. ; 
130 m. S. from Lexington. 

CUMBERLAND HOUSE, a station of the 
Hudson Bay Company, in the country of the 
Knisteneaux Indians, on the SW. side of Pine 
Island Lake, in lat. 54° N. lon. 102° W. 

CUMBERLAND MOUNTAINS, in Ten. 
The range commences in SW. part of Pa., 
and in Va. it takes the name of Laurel Moun- 
tain, passes through SE. part of Kentucky, 
and terminates in Tennessee ; 80 m. SE. from 
Nashville. A considerable portion of this 
mountain in Tennessee, is composed of stu- 
pendous piles of craggy rocks. It is thinly 
covered with trees, and has springs impreg- 
nated with alum. Lime-stone is found on both 
sides of it. 

CUMBERLAND, isl. on the coast of Geo. 
20 m. S. from Frederica ; between the mouth 
of the Great Satilla and Prince William's 
Sound. It is about 20 m. in circumference. 

CUMBERLAND, r. rises on the Cumber- 
land mountains, in the south-east part of Ken. 
through which it has a course of 200 miles, it 
has a circuit in Tennessee of 180 miles, thence 
north, and joins the Ohio in Kentucky, 11 m. 
above the mouth of the Tennessee. 

CUMBERLAND VALLEY, t. Bedford co. 
Pa. Pop. 570. 

CUMMINGTON, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 
20 m. NW. from Northampton. Pop. in 1820, 
1,060; in 1830, 1260. 

CURRACOA, an island in the Caribbean 
Sea, lying off the coast of Colombia, near the 
entrance to the Gulf and Lake Maracaibo, 35 
miles long and 12 broad, subject to the Dutch. 
It produces sugar, tobacco, and salt ; has nu- 
merous warehouses, which used formerly to 
supply the adjacent coast with the productions 
of Europe and Asia, and which still continue 
to do so to some extent. In 1800 some French 
having settled on part of the island, and be- 
coming at variance with the Dutcli, the latter 



surrendered the island to a single British frig 
ate. It was restored to the Dutch by the peace 
of 1802, and taken from them by a British 
squadron in 1807, and again restored by the 
peace of 1814. The principal town is St. Pe- 
ter, at the NE. extremity of the island. Lon. 
69° 15' W. lat. 12° 52' N. 

CURRENT, a township in Lawrence co. 

CURviNSVILLE, v. Clearfield co. Pa. 

CURRITUCK, a maritime co. at the NE. 
extremity of North Carolina, the N. end bor- 
dering on the Great Dismal Swamp of Virginia, 
and S. end on Albemarle Sound. This was 
formerly a very dreary district, but some of 
the land within the present century has been 
rendered very productive in rice. Pop. 7,654. 
The country gives name to one of the inlets 
into Albemarle Sound. 

CUYAHOGA, a stream of Ohio falling into 
Lake Erie at Cleveland. The great Ohio 
canal passes along this river, and joins the 
lake at its mouth. See Ohio Canal. 

CUYAHOGA, a co. of Ohio, bordering upon 
Lake Erie at the outlet of the above stream. 
Pop. 10,360. Cleaveland is the capital. 

CYNTHIANA, t. Harrison co. Ken. 

D. 

DACHEET, r. of Arkansas and Louisiana, 
rises in the former, and flowing S. into the lat- 
ter, falls into the head of Lake Bistineau. 

DAGSBOROUGH, t. and hundred, Sussex 
co. Delaware, S. of Indiana river ; 127 m. S. 
from Philadelphia, 144 from W. 

D'AILLEBOUT, Seigniory, Warwick co. 
L. Canada. 

DALTON, t. Coos co. N. H. on E. side of 
the Connecticut; 8 m. S. from Lancaster. 
Pop. 532. 

DALTON, t. Berkshire co. Mass.; 12 m. 
NNE. from Lenox, 130 W. from Boston. Pop. 
791. Here are 2 paper-mills, and a cotton 
and w T oollen manufactory. 

DALETOWN, v. Wilcox co. Ala. 

DALLAS, co. Ala. bounded by Wilcox S. 
Marengo W. Greene NW. Perry N. Autauga 
NE. and Montgomery E. Length 45 m. 
mean width 24. Chief town, Cahawba. Pop. 
14,017. 

DALMATIA, v. Northumberland co. Pa. 

DALRYMPLE'S POINT, cape, in the 
island of Dominica, 2 m. S. from Charlotte's 
Town. 

DAMARISCOTTA, river of Maine, or ra- 
ther a long deep bay, extending from the At- 
lantic ocean into Lincoln co. between Booth- 
bay and Bristol. 

DAMASCUS, t. Wayne co. Pa. on Dela- 
ware river ; 18 m. NW. from Bethany. Pop. 
400. 

DAMx^SCUS, v. in the NE. part of Frede- 
rick co. Md. on the road from New Market to 
Barnestown. 

DAMASCUS, v. Montgomery co. Md. 

DAMASCUS, v. Logan co. Ohio. 

DAME'S GORE, Grafton co. N. H. Pop. 
38. 

DAN, r. rises on the borders of North Car- 



DAN— DAR 



249 



olina and Virginia, and flowing through a fer- 
tile country, unites witli Staunton river to form 
the Roanoke. It is navigable to Danville, 
where there are falls of 22 or 23 feet perpen- 
dicular ; but by the improvements which are 
contemplated, its navigation will be extended 
100 miles from its mouth. 

DANA, t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 23 m. NW. 
from Worcester, 70 m. W. from Boston. Pop. 
G23. 

D ANBURY, t. Grafton co. N. II. ; 25 m. 
NW. from Concord. Pop. 786. 

DANBURY, t. Fairfield co. Ct. The courts 
are held alternately here and at Fairfield. The 
village contains a court-house, jail, academy, 
4 churches, 1 each for Presbyterians, Episco- 
palians, Sandemanians and Methodists; and 
200 dwelling-houses. Danbury is the most 
considerable town in the county in the extent 
and variety of business carried on. Here are 
not less than 50 shops for the manufacture of 
hats. It is 33 m. WNW. from New Haven, 
54 SW. from Hartford, 65 from N. York, 40 
from Newburgh. Pop. 4,325. In 1777 the 
town, with a large quantity of military stores, 
was burnt by the British. In the subsequent 
battle, Maj. Gen. Wooster was slain. 

DANBURY, t. Huron co. Ohio, Comprises 
the peninsula between Portage river and San 
dusky Bay. It is about 20 m. long, and 2 or 
3 wide, and terminates in Point Prospect. A 
custom-house is kept at Bull Island, on the 
southern shore of the peninsula near the point 
Pop. 200. 

DANBY, t. Rutland co. Vt. ; 32 m. W. from 
Windsor. Pop. 1,362. 

DANBY, t. Tomkins co. N. Y. ; 8 m. N. 
from Spencer. Pop. 2,481. 

DANCEYS STORE, v. Northampton co. 
N. C. 

DANDRIDGE, t. and cap. Jefferson co. 
Ten. on French Broad river, 33 m. E. from 
Knoxville. 

DANIEL HILL, v. Rowan co. N. C. 

DANIELSVILLE, v. Spottsylvania co. Va. 

DANIELSVILLE, t. and cap. Madison co. 
Geo. ; 90 m. from Milledgeville. 

DANSVILLE, t. Steuben co. N. Y. ; 35 m. 
NW. from Bath. Pop. 1,728. 

DANUBE, t. in Herkimer co. N. Y. Pop. 
1,723. 

DANVERS, t. Essex co. Mass. adjoining 
Salem; 16 m. NE. from Boston. Pop. 4,28a 
It contains 2 meeting-houses for Congrega- 
tionalists and 1 for Baptists. The most con- 
siderable and compact settlement is a continu- 
ation of the principal street of Salem. Large 
quantities of bricks, earthenware, and leather 
are manufactured here. In the village of New 
Mills,, at the head of Beverly river, there is a 
large iron manufactory, and the business of 
ship-building is carried on. 

DANVILLE, t. Cumberland co. Me. Pop. 
1,128. 

DANVILLE, t. and cap. Caledonia co. Vt. 
28 m. ENE. from Montpelier, 165 NNW. from 
Boston, 535 from W. Lon. 72° 2' W. lat. 44° 
26' N. Pop. 3,631. This is a pleasant and 
valuable agricultural town, and it has a small 
2G 



village containing a court-house, a jail, a print- 
ing-office, a Congregational meeting-house, 
and it is a place of some trade. 

DANVILLE, t. Steuben co. N. Y. ; 20 m. 
NW. from Bath. Pop. 1,728. 

DANVILLE, t. and cap. Columbia co. Peu 
on the Susquehannah, at the entrance of Ma- 
honing creek, 11 m. above Northumberland. 
There is a copper mine near this town. 
DANVILLE, t. Essex co. N. Y. 
DANVILLE, t. Pittsylvania co. Va. on the 
river Dan, 130 m. by water, and 116 by land 
above the great falls of the Roanoke, about 70 
m. S. by W. from Lynchburg, 150 SW. by 
W. from Richmond, 291 from W. Lon 79° 
25' W. lat. 36° 34' N. It is situated at the 
Falls of the Dan, on a wide and beautiful 
plain, rising gradually from the river to a high 
eminence, which commands an extensive and 
picturesque prospect, embracing a view of the 
Falls, the gentle current of the river below, 
and the verdant hills and cultivated fields of 
the surrounding country. A canal nearly a 
mile in length has been formed around the 
Falls, which affords extensive and excellent 
seats for mills and manufactories, which are 
improved to considerable extent. The Roa- 
noke Navigation Company have constructed a 
canal with locks around the Falls ; and a basin 
is formed in the centre of the town, safe and 
convenient for the batteau navigation of the 
river. Danville has become the upland depot 
of an extensive commerce, embracing not only 
the adjacent fertile districts of Virginia and N» 
Carolina, but also a great part of East Ten- 
nessee. The articles of commerce consist of 
wheat, flour, tobacco, cotton, whisky, brandy, 
Indian corn, beef, pork, butter, poultry, lumber, 
and iron. Batteaux, carrying from 8 to 12 hogs- 
heads of tobacco, and from 30 to 40. barrels of 
flour, have a convenient navigation from this 
place to the Falls of the Roanoke. Roads lead 
to Danville from various directions, both from 
Virginia and North Carolina. The town has 
a very healthy situation, and contains an acad- 
emy with 45 or 50 students. A newspaper is 
published here. 

DANVILLE, t. and cap. Mercer co. Ken. 
on the SW. side of Dick's river, 40 m. S. by 
W. from Frankfort, 33 SSW. from Lexington. 
Lat. 37° 30' N. Pop. 849. It has a court- 
house and jail, and a church. Several mills 
and factories are erected here. A charter for 
a college at this place has been granted by the 
legislature ; 2 professors, 1 of languages and 1 
of mathematics are appointed, and a large 
brick building 2 stories high is erected. 

DANVILLE, t. Knox co. Ohio ; 13 m NE 
from Mount Vernon. 

DANVILLE, v. Hendricks co. In. 
DARBY, Lower, v. Delaware co. Pa. on the 
E. side of Darby creek, which runs into the 
Delaware, 7 m. SW. by W. from Philadelphia. 

DARBY, Upper, t. Delaware co. Pa. ad- 
joining Lower Darby. Poo. 700. 

DARBY, t. Madison co. Ohio, NE. from 
London. Pop. 500. 

DARBY, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 14 m. NW 
from Circleville. Pop. 600. 



250 



DAR— DEA 



DARBY, t. Union co. Ohio. Pop. 500. 

DARBY, t. Columbia co. Georgia. 

DARBY, cape of N. America, on the N. 
Pacific ocean, SW. from the mouth of Norman 
•iver. Lon. 86° 30' from W. lat. 64° 21' N. 

DARBY RIVER, one of the western 
tranches of the Scioto river, rises in Union, 
Champaign, and Franklin cos. and by a com- 
parative course of 65 m. SSE. falls into Scioto 
river opposite Circleville. 

DARDANELLES, a place in Cadron, Ar- 
kansas Territory, on Arkansas river, where 
the Agent of the Cherokee Indians resides. 
Two rocky ridges here border the river for 
some distance, whence originated the name. 

DARDENNE, t. St. Charles district, Miso. ; 
1,001 fromW. 

DARIEN, t. Fairfield co. Ct. Pop. 1,201. 

DARIEN, t. and s-p. MTntosh co. Geo. on 
the N. side and principal channel of the Ala- 
tamaha, 12 m. above the bar, and 190 below 
Milledgeville. The town is situated upon a 
sandy bluff, and has advanced in wealth and 
population with great rapidity. It has a bank 
with a capital of $150,000. Lon. 4° 37' W. 
from W. lat. 31° 23' N. 

DARKE, co. Ohio, bounded W. bv Indiana, 
N. by Mercer, E. by Shelby and Miami, SE. 
by Montgomery, and S. by Preble. Length 
32 m. width 21. Chief town, Greenville. Pop. 
in 1820, 3,717 ; in 1830, 6,203. 

DARKENVILLE, v. Berkeley co. Va. 

DARNESTOWN, v. Montgomery co. Md. ; 
65 m. from W. 

DARLING ISLAND, the largest of two 
islands in the entrance of Lake Simcoe, U. C. 

DARLINGS, v. on Owl creek, Knox co. 
Ohio ; 15 m. E. from Vernon. 

DARLING TOWNSHIP, m the co. of 
Durham, U. C. lies to the W. of Clarke, and 
fronts on Lake Ontario. 

DARLINGTON, dist. S. C. ; bounded by 
Sumpter SW. by Kershaw W. Chesterfield 
NW. Marlborough NE. and Marion and Wil- 
liamsburg SE. Length 34 m. width 28. Chief 
town, Darlington. Pop. 1820, 10,949; in 
1830, 12,000. 

DARLINGTON, v. and seat of justice, 
Darlington district, S. C. ; on Black creek, 
very near the centre of the district, 40 m. E. 
from Camden. 

DARLINGTON, t. Warwick co. Indiana, 
a short distance from the Ohio, about 40 m. 
SSE. from Princeton. 

DARTMOUTH, t. and s-p. Bristol co. Mass. 
It is situated on the NW. side of Buzzard's 
Bay, about 75 m. S. of Boston. Pop. 3,867. 

DARTOWN, v. Butler co. Ohio; 111 in. 
SW. from Columbus. 

DARVILLES, v. Dinwiddie co. Va. 

DAVENPORT, t. Delaware co. N. Y. Pop. 
1,780. 

DAVIDSONVILLE, t. and cap. Lawrence 
co. Arkansas Territory, on the W. bank of 
Black river, at the junction of Spring river. 

DAVIDSON, co. Ten. situated on the W. 
side of Cumberland Mountains, bounded by 
Rolrertson N. Sumner NE. Wilson and Ruth- 



erford E. Williamson S. and Dickson W. 
Length 26 m. mean width 22. Chief town, 
Nashville. Pop. 22,523. 

DAVIDSTOWN, v.- Hunterdon co. N. J.; 
10 m. above Trenton, on the Asanpink creek. 

DA VIES, co. of Ken. bounded by Ohio river 
N. Breckenridge NE. Ohio SE. Muhlenburgh 
S. Hopkins SW. and Henderson W. Length 
30 m. mean width 20. Chief town, Owens- 
burg. Pop. 5,218. 

DA VIES, co. of Indiana, between the two 
main branches of White river ; bounded by 
Dubois SE. and S. Gibson SW. Knox W. Sul- 
livan NW. and Monroe and Lawrence NE. 
Length 60 m. mean width 15. Chief town, 
Washington. Pop. 4,512. 

DAVIS'S COVE, harbor on the W. coast of 
Jamaica, 2 m. N. Green Island Harbor. 

DAVIS'S, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. 

DAVISBOROUGH, v. Washington co. Geo. 

DAVISBURG. t. Christian co. Ken. 

DAVISS STORE, v. Rapide co. La. 

DAVIS TAVERN, v. Sussex co. Va. 

DAUPHIN, co. Pa. on the E. side of the 
Susquehannah ; bounded N. by Northumber- 
land, E. by Schuylkill and Lebanon, S. by 
Lancaster, and W. by the Susquehannah which 
separates it from Cumberland. Pop. 25,303. 
Chief town, Harrisburg. 

DAUPHIN, isl. on the coast of Alabama, 
between which and Mobile Point, 3| m. dis- 
tant, is the entrance of Mobile Bay. Lon. 88° 
7 W. lat. 30° 10' N. 

DAUPHIN, Fort, s-p. in the N. part of St. 
Domingo. Lat. 19° 41' N. ; lon. 72° 40' W. 

DAUPHIN, r. N. America, which runs into 
Lake Winnipec, in lat. 52° 15' N. 

DAVISON POINT, on the W. coast of N 
America. Lat. 55° N. 

DAWFUSKEE, isl. on the coast of S.C. at 
the entrance of Savannah river. 

DAYTON, t. and cap. Montgomery co. Ohio, 
on the Miami, just below the junction of Mad 
river, 52 m. N. from Cincinnati, 66 W. from 
Columbus, 40 SE. from Urbanna. Pop. 2,965. 
The public buildings are a court-house and jail, 
2 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyteri- 
ans, and 1 for Methodists, a bank, and an 
academy. Mad river affords uncommon ad- 
vantages for water-works, and numerous mills 
are erected upon it. 

BEAD RIVER, Me. the W. branch of the 
Kennebec. It rises in the highlands which 
separate Maine from Canada, and joins the E. 
branch about 20 m. from Moosehead Lake. 

DEAD RIVER, N. H. runs into the Mar- 
gallaway. 

DEAD RIVER, NW. Territory, rims into 
Lake Superior, is 50 yards wide, and boatable 
at its mouth. 

DEAL, v. N. J. on the sea-shore, in Mon- 
mouth co. famous as a watering place, 7 m. S. 
from Shrewsbury. 

DEARBORN, t. Kennebeck co. Me. Pop. 
616. 

DEARBORN, co. In. on Ohio r. bounded 
by the state of Ohio and the Ohio r. E., Swit- 
zerland S., Ripley W., and Franklin N. ; length 



DEA — DEL 



251 



27 ra., mean width 15. Chief town, Lawrence- 
burg. Pop. 14,578. 

DEARBORN, r. a W. branch of Missouri, 
into which it falls above the rapids. 

DECATUR, v. Adams co. Ohio, 117 m. 
SSW from Columbus. 

DECATUR, v. Morgan co. Ala, about 200 
m. N. from Cahawba. 

DECATUR, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 12 m. SE. 
from Cooperstown. Pop. 1,110. 

DECATUR, t. Mifflin co. Pa. 

DECATUR, t. Brown co. Ohio, 9 m. W. 
from West Union. 

DECATUR, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. 

DECHE, r. Indiana, runs into the Wabash 
from the NE. 8 m. below Vincennes. 

DECKERSTOWN, v. Sussex co. N. J. on 
the Papacossing branch of WallkiU r. 20 m. 
NNE. from Newtown, and 102 a little E. of 
N. from Trenton. 

DEDHAM, t and cap. Norfolk co. Mass. 10 
m. SW. from Boston, 30 NNE. from Provi- 
dence. Lon. 71° 12' W.; lat. 42° 16' N. Pop. 
3,117. It contains a court-house, jail, bank, 2 
printing-offices, and 6 houses of public worship, 
4 for Congregationalists, 1 for Episcopalians, 
and 1 for Baptists. The town is watered by 
Charles and Neponset rivers, which afford nu- 
merous seats for mills and manufacturing es- 
tablishments, which are improved to a consid- 
erable extent. 

DEEP RIVER, in N. C. one of the main 
and higher branches of Cape Fear river. 

DEER, or Chevi-euil, r. N. A. runs into the 
E. side of the Mississippi, 37 m. above the falls 
of Peckagama. 

DEER CREEK, r. Ohio, joins the Scioto 
from the W. 7 m. N. from Chilli cothe. 

DEER CREEK, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 9 m. 
W. from Circleville. Pop. 2,000. 

DEER CREEK, t. Madison co. Ohio. 

DEERFIELD, t. Franklin co. Mass. on the 
W. side of Connecticut r. 4 in. S. from Green- 
field, 17 N. from Northampton, 92 W. from 
Boston. Pop. 2,003. It contains a handsome 
village, with a church and an academy, and is 
in a very fertile country. 

DEERFIELD, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 
Pop. 2,086. 

DEERFIELD, t. Oneida co. N. Y. opposite 
Utica, on the Mohawk. Pop. 4,182. 

DEERFIELD, t. Cumberland co. N. J. 

DEERFIELD, t. Tioga co. Pa. 

DEERFIELD, t. Warren co. Ohio. 

DEERFIELD, t. Morgan co. Ohio. 

DEERFIELD, v. Augusta co. Va. 152 m. 
NNW. from Richmond. 

DEERFIELD RIVER, rises in Vt. and 
flowing S. enters Mass. turns to nearly E. and 
falls into Connecticut river between Greenfield 
and Deerfield. 

DEERFIELD SHEET, v. in the N. part 
of Cumberland co. N. J. on Cohansey creek, 
between Woodbury and Bridgeton, 64 m. SSW. 
from Trenton, and 35 S. from Philadelphia. 
^ JEERING, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. Pop. 

' DEER ISLAND, New Brunswick, in Pas- 
samaquoddy bay. Pop. 2,217. I 



DEER ISLE, isl. and t. Hancock co. Me. 
on the E. side of Penobscot bay, 9 m. SE. from 
Castine. Pop. 2,217. 

DEER PARK, t. Orange co. N. Y. on Del- 
aware r. 14 m. N. of W. Goshen, 30 W. from 
Newburgh, 125 from Albany. Pop. 1,167. 

DEKALB, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the 
Oswegatchie, 20 m. from its junction with the 
St. Lawrence. Pop. 1,061. There is a good 
boat navigation to the mouth of the river. 

DE LA FOUCHE BAY, on the NW. coast 
of America. Lat 52° 39' N. 

DELAWARE, co. N. Y. on Delaware river, 
bounded N. by Otsego, E. by Schoharie and 
Greene, S. by Ulster and Sullivan, and W. by 
Broome and Chenango and Delaware r. which 
separates it from Pennsylvania. Pop. 32,933 
Chief town, Delhi. 

DELAWARE, co. in the SE. part of Pa, 
on Delaware r. Pop. 17,361. Chief town, 
Chester. 

DELA WARE BAY, a spacious bay of the 
U. S. between the states of Delaware and New 
Jersey. Its entrance is 20 m. wide, between 
Cape May in lat. 38° 56' N. and Cape Henlo- 
pen in lat. 38° 47' N. It is 65 m. long from 
Fisher's Point to Cape Heidopen, and in the 
broadest part 30 m. wide. 

DELAWARE CITY, v. Newcastle co. Del. 
on the Delaware r. at the mouth of the Chesa- 
peake and Delaware canal. It is a small vil- 
lage, but contains some fine houses. 

DELAWARE RIVER, rises in N. Y. in 
the Catskill mountains. In its course, it re- 
sembles the letter W. It separates Pennsyl- 
vania from New York and New Jersey, and 
runs into Delaware bay, 5 m. below Newcastle. 
It is navigable for ships of the line 40 m. to 
Philadelphia, and for sloops 35 m. further to 
the head of the tide, at Trenton falls. Above 
the falls, it is navigable 100 m. for boats of 8 
or 9 tons. The whole length, from its source 
to the bay, is 300 m. 

DELAWARE, state, see page 84. 

DELAWARE, t. King William co. Va. on 
the point between the Pamunky and Mata- 
pony rivers. 

DELAWARE, co. Ohio, on the Scioto and 
Whitestone rivers, and on Alum creek, bound- 
ed by Franklin S. Madison SW. Union W. 
Marion N. and Knox and Licking E. ; length 
27 m. mean breadth 24. Chief town, Dela- 
ware. Pop. 11,523. 

DELAWARE, v. and seat of justice, Dela- 
ware co. Ohio, on Whitestone branch of Scioto, 
25 m. N. from Columbus. Lat. 48° 18' N., Ion. 
from W. 6° 5' W. 

DELAWARE, co. Indiana. Pop. 2,372. 
Muncytown is the capital. 

DELAWARE, r. E. Florida, runs into the 
Gulf of Mexico, near Cape Roman. 

DELAWARE, t. Wayne co. Pa. on the 
river Delaware. 

DELER Y, Seigniory, Huntingdon co. L. C 
on the Sorelle r. 27 m. SSE. from Montreal. 

DELHI, t. Hamilton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,158. 

DELHI, t. and cap. Delaware co. N. Y. or 
the Delaware, 68 m. W. from Catskill, 70 SW 
from Albany. Pop. 2,114. The townsliip k 



252 



DEL— DET 



extensive ; near its centre there is a pleasant 
village containing the county buildings. 

DELISTE, small r. which rises in U. Can- 
ada, and falls into the St. Lawrence, in Lower 
Canada, near its W. boundary. 

DELMAR, t. Lycoming co. Pa. 25 m. NW. 
from Williamsport. Pop. 900. 
DELMAR, t. Tioga co. Pa. 
DELPHI, t. Marion co. Ten. 
DELPHI, v. Onondago co. N. Y. 
DEMIQUAIN, r. II. runs into the Illinois r. 
from the NW. 160 m. above its mouth. It is 
said to be navigable 120 m. 

DEMOPOLIS, v. Morengo co. Ala. 
DEMOTT'S STORE, v. in Romulus, Sen- 
eca co. N. Y. 

DENBIGH, Cape, on NW. coast of Ameri- 
ca, in Norton Sound. Lat. 65° 23' N. 

DENMARK, t. Oxford co. Me. 30 m. SW. 
from Paris. Pop. 954. 

DENMARK, or Harrisburg, t. Lewis co. 
N. Y. on Black river, 150 m. NW. from Alba- 
ny, 450 from W. Pop. 2,270. 

DENMARK, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, E.from 
Jefferson, 379 m. from W. 

DENMARK, v. Lewis co. N. Y. on Black r. 
on the road from Utica to Sachet's Harbor. 
Pop. in 1820, 1,745; in 1830, 2,270. 

DENNIS, t. Barnstable co. Mass. on Barn- 
stable Bay, 9 m. ENS. from Barnstable, 76 SS. 
from Boston, 492 from W. Pop. 2,317. It 
contains 3 meeting-houses, 2 for Congrcgation- 
alists, and 1 for Quakers. 
DENNIS, v. Amelia co. Va. 
DENNIS CREEK, v. Cape May co. N. J. 
Dy the postroad 101 m. nearly S. from Trenton. 
The village of Dennis Creek stands on a creek 
of that name, about 30 m. S. by E. fr. Bridgeton. 

DENNY'S RIVER, Washington co. Me. 
runs into a bay of the same name which forms 
the N. branch of Cobscook Bay. 
m DENNYSVILLE, t. Washington co. Me. 
lies on the bay and river of the same name 
and on Penimaquan Bay. The village is hand- 
somely built at the head of tide water on Den- 
ny's river, and contains several saw-mills, a 
grist-mill, fulling-mill, carding-machine, and 
tannery. It is well situated for manufactures : 
17 m. NW. from Eastport. Pop. 856. 

DENTON, t. and cap. Caroline co. Md. on 
the Choptank, 37 m. SSW. from Chester, 95 
from W. It is a small town, regularly laid 
out, and contains a bank. 

DEPOSIT, v. Tompkins co. N. Y on the 
Delaware, 14 m. SE. from Oquago, 331 from 
W. This village has considerable trade in 
lumber. 

DEPTFORD, t. Gloucester co. N. J. 

DE RAMSAY, 2 Seigniories, in L. C. one 
in Richelieu co. 36 m. E. from Montreal, and 
the other in Warwick co. 

DERBANE, r. Louisiana, which flows ESE. 
and joins the Ouachitta, lat. 32° 39' N. It is 
navigable for large boats 30 or 40 m. 

DERBANE, r. Louisiana, which runs into 
Timballier Bay. 

DERBANE, r. Mis. which runs into the bay 
of Pines, Ion. 88° 19' W. ; lat. 30° 22' N. 

DERBY, t Orleans co. Vt. 65 m NNE. from 



Montpelier, 579 from W. Pop. 1,469. It lies 
on the E. side of Lake Memphremagog, bor- 
dering on Stanstead in Canada. 

DERBY, t. New Haven co. Ct. on the Hon- 

satonnuc, at the junction of Naugatuc river, 
12 m. above its mouth, and 8 W. from New 
Haven. Pop. 2,253. It contains 5 churches, 
2 Episcopal, 2 Congregational, and 1 Methodist. 
The river is navigable for vessels of 100 tons, 

DERMON, t. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 3,000. 

DERRY, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on Swatara 
creek, 2 m. above its junction with the Susque- 
hannah. Pop. 2,500. In the bank of the creek 
is a cavern, containing numerous apartments. 

DERRY, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 1,000, 

DERUYTER, t. Madison co. N. Y. 34 m 
SW. from Utica, 130 W. from Albany. Pop, 
1,447. 

DES MOINS, large r. Missouri, which runs 
SE. and joins the Mississippi, about 130 m. 
above the mouth of the Missouri. From the 
rapids to its mouth, it forms the boundary of 
the state of Missouri. It may be ascended in 
boats 800 m. 

DESPAGE, or Fox river, runs into the Il- 
linois from the N. about half way between 
Lake Pioria and the forks of the Illinois. Its 
course is nearly parallel with that of the Des- 
planes. 

DESPLANES, r. Illinois, rises W. of Lake 
Michigan, and flowing SW. meets the Kanka- 
kee, to form Illinois river. The Desplanes 
communicates with a lake, and from this lake 
there is a sort of canal to Chicago river, partly 
worn by the water, and partly made by the 
French and Indians, through which boats pass 
in wet seasons. 

DESTRUCTION ISLAND, on the NW. 
coast of America. Lat. 47° 37' N. 

DETOUR, cape, Michigan, the W. point at 
the entrance of the Straits of St. Mary's, 40 m. 
from Michillimackinac. Lat. 45° 54' N. 

DETOUR, cape, NW. Ter. at the SW. end 
of Lake Superior. 

DETROIT, city, and port of entry, Wayne 
co. and capital of Michigan Territory, and the 
only town of much size in the territory. It is 
situated on the W. bank of the river Detroit, 
18 m. above Maiden in Canada, 6 below the 
outlet of Lake St. Clair, 302 W. from Buffalo, 
and 548 from W. The banks are 20 feet above 
the highest waters of the river. The plain on 
which it is built is beautiful, and the position 
altogether delightful and romantic. The streets 
are wide, and the houses are of stone, brick, 
frame and logs, and some of them make a very 
showy appearance. Three of the principal 
streets run parallel with the river, and are 
crossed at right angles by six principal cross 
streets. Several wharves project into the river 
The United States wharf is 140 feet long, and 
a vessel of 400 tons burthen can load at its 
head. The public buildings are a council- 
house, state-house, United States store, Presby- 
terian church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and 
some other public buildings. There are a num- 
ber of stores, and others building. Rents and 
the value of lots are rising, and the town ex 
.hibita marks of rapid population and improve 



DET— DIX 



253 



ment. It was almost entirely consumed by 
fire in 1806, and the appearance of the new 
town is much superior to the old one. Pop. 
2,222. 

DETROIT RIVER, N. A. which connects 
Lake St. Clair with Lake Erie, is 28 m. long, 
and opposite Detroit, % of a mile wide, enlarg- 
ing as it descends, and is navigable for vessels 
of any burden. 

DEUX COEURS, r. Michigan Ter. which 
runs into Lake Superior, 21 m. W. from White- 
fish Point, and 66 W. from St. Mary's r. It is 
25 yards wide, and beatable at its entrance. 

DEUX MONTAGNES, lake, Canada, or 
rather expansion of the river Ottawa, at its 
junction with the St. Lawrence. It is 24 m. 
long, and from 1 to 6 broad. 

DEVERTE, bay of New Brunswick, on the 
NE. coast. Lon. from W. 13° 10' E. lat. 46° N. 

DEVIL'S HOLE, chasm of rocks, forming 
a bay on E. side of the Niagara, N. Y. 4 m. 
below the Falls. It is semicircular, about 
1,200 feet in circumference, and is remarkable 
for a great eddy, and a violent commotion of 
the water. 

DEVIL'S ISLAND, Key and Race, names 
given to several small islands in the West In- 
dies, and off the E. coast of South America, 
generally of rugged aspect and difficult to ap- 
proach. 

DEVON, co. U. C, S. off the St. Lawrence, 
between Hertford and Cornwallis counties. 

DEWEE, small island, S. C. in Charleston 
harbor. 

DEWEYSBURGH, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 28 
m. ENE. from Montpelier. 

DEXTER, v. S. part of Penobscot co. Me. 
125 m. NE. from Portland. Pop. 885. 

DIAMOND POINT, cape, on the W. coast 
of Martinico. Lon. 61° W. ; lat. 14° 25' N. 

DIAMOND RIVER, r. N. H. which runs 
into the Margallaway, near the E. border of 
the state. Lat. 44° 48' N. 

DICKINSON, t. Franklin co. N. Y. 12 m. 
W. from Malone, and 230 N. from Albany. 
Pop. 446. 

DICKINSON, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 
2,100. 

DICKINSON, t. Russel co. Va. 

DICKS, r. Ken. which runs into the Ken- 
tucky r. Length, 50 m. 

DICKSON, co. West Tennessee, on the W. 
side of the Cumberland r. Pop. 7,261. Chief 
town, Charlotte. 

DICKINSON, t. Franklin co. N. Y. ; 12 m. 
W from Malone. Pop. 495. 

DICKINSONVILLE, v. Franklin co. Va. 
279 m. from W. 

DICKINSONVILLE, v. Powhatan co. Va. 

DICKS, r. runs into the Kentucky, after a 
NW. course of 50 m. Lon. 84° 56' W T . lat. 
37° 40' N. 

DICK'S CREEK, Ohio, empties into the 
Miami from the E. above Hamilton. 

DICKSON, co. W. Tennessee. Pop. in 
1820, 5,190 ; in 1830, 7,261. Chief town, Char- 
,'otte. 

DICKSVILLE v. Guilford co. N. C. 



DIGBY, t. Nova Scotia, on the Bay of An- 
napolis ; 15 m. SW. from Annapolis. 

DIGIDUASH, r. New Brunswick, which 

runs into Passamaquoddy Bay. 

DIGG'S POINT, point, Md. at the conflu- 
ence of Piscataway river with the Potomac. 

DIGHTON, t. and port of entry, Bristol co. 
Mass. on W. side of Taunton river ; 7 m. SSW 
from Taunton, 39 S. from Boston, 434 from 
V/. Pop. 1,737. All the shipping of Wel- 
lington, Taunton, Troy, Freetown, Berkeley, 
Somerset, and Swansey, is entered at this port. 
There is in this town, near the river, a rock, 
which contains a remarkable hieroglyphic in- 
scription, of which no satisfactory explanation 
has yet been given. 

DILLIARDSVILLE, v. Orange co. N. C. 

DILLIARDSVILLE, v. Rutherford co. 
Ten. 

DILL'S FERRY, v. Northampton co. Pa. 

DINGMANSBURG, t. Miami co. Ohio, on 
the E. branch of Great Miami river, below the 
mouth of Musquitoe creek ; 11 m. above Pi- 
qua, 19 above Troy. 

DINGMAN'S FERRY, over Delaware r. 
Pike co. Pa.; 28 m. above Delaware Water 
Gap, and 8 below Milford. 

DILLSEURG, t. York co. Pa.; 96 m. 
from W. 

DINWIDDIE, co. Va. ; bounded N. by the 
Appomatox, which separates it from Chester- 
field co. E. by Prince George co. SE. by Sus- 
sex co. SW. by Brunswick and Lunenburg 
cos. W. by Nottoway co. and NW. by Amelia 
co. The county court-house is situated 14 m. 
SW. from Petersburg, 164 from W. Pop. 
18,637. Chief town, Petersburg. Near the 
C. H. there is an academy. 

DIPPER HARBOR, New Brunswick, in 
the Bay of Fundy, 24 m. SW from St. Johns. 

DISAPPOINTMENT, Cape. It is the N. 
point of the mouth of Columbia river. Lon. 
48° from W. lat. 46° 19' N. 

DISMAL SWAMP, large tract of marshy 
land, beginning a little S. of Norfolk in Virginia, 
and extending into N. Carolina, to the amount 
of 150,000 acres ; 30 m. long from N. to S. and 
10 broad. This tract is entirely covered with 
trees, some of which grow to a very large size ; 
and between them the brushwood springs up 
so thick, that many parts are utterly imper- 
vious. In the midst of the swamp is a lake, 
called Drummond's Pond, 7 miles in length. 
This lake furnishes water for the canal which 
connects Elizabeth river with the Pasquotank. 
The Pasquotank flows from this lake south, 
and the Nansemond flows from it north. 

DIVIDING CREEK, v. Cumberland co. 
N. J. ; 200 m. from W. 

DIVIDING CREEK, r. Va. which flows 
between Lancaster and Northumberland cos 
into the Chesapeake. 

DIVISION, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. ; 23 m. 
E. from Auburn, 170 W. from Albany, 389 
from W. 

DIXFIELD, t. Oxford co. Me.; 18 m. NE- 
from Paris. Pop. 890. 

DIXHILLS, v. in Huntingdon co. N. Y 



254 



DIX— DOV 



DIXMONT, or Collegetown, t. Penobscot 
co. Me. ; 40 m. NW. from Castine, 220 NE. 
from Boston, 666 from W. Pop. 945. 

DIXON, t. Preble co. Ohio. 

DIXON'S SPRINGS, v. Smith co. Ten. 

DIXVILLE, t. Coos co. N. H. ; 110 m. N. 
from Concord. 

DIXVILLE, v. Henry co. Va. 

DOBBS, Cape, in Hudson's Bay, at the S. 
side of the entrance of Wager's river. Lon 
86° 30' W. lat. 65° N. 

DOBOY SOUND and INLET, on the coast 
of Georgia, which receives the N. branch of the 
Alatamaha river. The bar has 14 feet at low 
water, and is in lat. 31° 20' N. 

DOBSON'S CROSS-ROADS, v. Stokes co. 
N. C. 

DOG RIVER, r. N. America, which passes 
by Fort William, and runs into Lake Superior 
just below. 

DOG'S RIVER, r. Alabama, which runs 
into the W. side of Mobile Bay, lon. 88° 3' W. 
lat. 30° 40' N. 

DOMAINE, Riviere du, r. Lower Canada, 
which flows into the St. Lawrence, 6 m. below 
the Island of Orleans. 

DOMINGO, St. or Hispaniola, one of the 
richest islands in the West Indies, 400 m. in 
length, and 75 in breadth. It was discovered 
by Columbus in 1492, and is surrounded by 
craggy rocks and dangerous shoals. It has a 
great many rivers, and mines of gold, talc, and 
crystal. The Spaniards had possession of the 
whole island for 120 years. They were after- 
wards forced to divide the island with the 
French. Since the revolution in France, this 
island has been subject to great calamities. In 
1791, an insurrection began in the French 
plantations, which, after a series of sanguinary 
scenes, has terminated in the establishment of 
a free African state, under the name of the 
Republic of Hayti. In 1821, the Spanish part 
fell also under the authority of Boyer, the presi- 
dent or king, and left him master of the whole 
island. St. Domingo has Cuba W. Porto Rico 
E. and Jamaica SW. 

DOMINGO, St. capital of the E. part of the 
Island of St. Domingo, on a navigable river. It 
had formerly a harbor, but it is now choked 
up with sand. Though its trade has been 
long extinct, it was in a respectable condition 
while it continued in the hands of the Span- 
iards. The city itself is large, well built of 
stone, and defended by batteries. Lon. 70° 
10' W. lat. 18° 20' N. 

DOMINICA, one of the windward Caribbee 
islands in the W. Indies. It lies about half 
way between Guadaloupe and Martinico, and 
is 28 m. long and 13 broad. It was taken by 
the English in 1761, and confirmed to them by 
the peace of 1763. The French took it in 1778, 
but restored it in 1783. The capital is Char- 
lottetown. 

DON, r. Upper Canada, runs into Lake On- 
tario at York Harbor. 

DONALDSON, v. Rowan co. N. C. 

DONALDSONVILLE, t. in the parish of 
Ascension, La. on the W bank of the Missis- 



sippi, at the efflux of the Lafourche, 90 m, 
above New Orleans. 

DONEGAL, t. Lancaster co. Pa. on NE. 
side of the Susquehannah ; 18 m. WNW. from 
Lancaster. 

DONEGAL, t. Washington co. Pa. It lies 
SW. from W. 

DONEGAL, t. Westmoreland co. Pa.; E. 
of Laurel Hill. 

DONEGAL, t. Butler co. Pa. 
DONNA MARIA BAY, on the W. coast 
of the island of Hispaniola. 

DORCHESTER, t. Grafton co. N. H ; 15 
m. from Plymouth. Pop. 702. 

DORCHESTER, t. Norfolk co. Mass. ; 3 m. 
S. from Boston. Pop. 4,064. It is a very 
pleasant town, and contains many fine country- 
seats, a town-house, and 4 houses of public 
worship, 3 for Congregationalists, and 1 for 
Methodists ; and has some manufactures. 

DORCHESTER, co. Lower Canada, on the 
S. side of the St. Lawrence, and extending 
along the E. bank of the Chaudiere. 
DORCHESTER, t. Middlesex co. U. C. 
DORCHESTER, t. Cumberland co. N. J. 
on the E. side of Morris river, 5 m. from its 
mouth, 17 E. from Fairfield. 

DORCHESTER, co. Md. on the eastern 
shore of the Chesapeake, bounded N. by Tal- 
bot and Caroline counties, E. by Delaware, S 
and W. by Chesapeake Bay. Pop. 18,685 
Chief town, Cambridge. 

DORCHESTER, t. and cap. Colleton dis- 
trict, S. C. on Ashley river, 18 m. WNW. from 
Charleston. 

DORSET, t. Bennington co. Vt. about 25 
m. N. from Bennington. Pop. 1,507. 

DOUBLE-BRIDGE, v. Lunenburg co. Va. 
DOUGHTY'S FALLS, v. York co. Maine. 
DOUGLAS, Cape, lofty promontory on the 
W. coast of America, within the entrance of 
Cook's river. It was discovered by captain 
Cook in 1778. Its summit forms two very 
high mountains. Lon. from W. 75° 30' W. 
lat. 58° N. 

DOUGLAS ISLAND, between Admiralty 
island and the NW. coast of America. Lat. 

58° 16' N. 

DOUGLASS, v. Worcester co. Mass., 25 m. 
from Providence, R. I., 4 from the NW. angle 
of that state, and 39 SW. from Boston. Pop. 
in 1820, 1,375 ; in 1830, 1,742. 

DOUGLASS, t. Montgomery co. Pa. on the 
N. side of the Schuylkill. 

DOUGLASS, t. Berks co. Pa. 
DOUGLASS-MILLS, v. Cumberland co 
Pa. 

DOVE, cape, on the coast of Nova Scotia. 
Lon. 64° W. lat. 54° 20' N. 

DOVER, t. and cap. Strafford co. N. H. 12 
m. NNW. from Portsmouth. Lat. 43° 11' N. 
long. 70° 50' W. Pop. 5,449. The village is 
at the head of the tide, on Cocheco river, 4 m. 
above its junction with Salmon Falls river. It 
is an ancient town, having been incorporated 
in 1633, and contains a court-house, a jail, a 
bank, a printing-office, and two houses for pub- 
lic worship, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 fo r 



DOV— DUC 



255 



Friends. Dover has of late made much pro- 
gress in manufactures. A company with a 
capital of $500,000, have erected a rolling and 
slitting mill and nail factory, at which 1,000 
tons of iron are rolled and 600 or 700 cut into 
nails annually, and 2 cotton factories, one of 
which has 4,000 spindles and 120 or 133 looms, 
and is calculated to produce 20,000 yards of 
cloth per week. Other improvements are be- 
gun. Dover has daily communications with 
Portsmouth by a packet-boat. 

DOVER, Penobscot co. Me. 155 m. NE. 
from Portland. 

DOVER, t. Windham co. Vt. Pop. 831. 

DOVER, t. Norfolk co. Mass. on Charles r. 
7 m. W. from Dedham, 16 SW. from Boston. 
Pop. 497. 

DOVER, v. Kent co. Del. and the seat of 
state government; situated on Jones' creek, 
near its junction with the river Delaware, 
about 36 m. S. of Newcastle. This small town 
is neatly built, the houses being mostly of 
bricks, and the streets disposed with regularity. 
In the centre is a handsome square, on which 
the state-house and public offices are erected. 
It lies in the lat. of 39° 10' N. and Ion. 75° 30' 
W. Pop. 1,300. 

DOVER, t. York co. Pa. situated about 8 m. 
westward from York. Pop. 1,600. 

DOVER, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. Pop. in 1820, 
2,193 ; in 1830, 2,198. 

DOVER, t. Monmouth co. N. J. on Cedar 
Bay creek, 40 m. E. from Philadelphia. 

DOVER, t. York co. Pa. on a branch of 
Conewago creek. Pop. 2,000. 

DOVER, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. Pop. 400. 

DOVER, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 700. 

DOVER, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 950. 

DOVER, t. and seat of justice, Stuart co. 
Ten. on the left bank of Cumberland river, 35 
m. below Clarksville. 

DOVER, Kent co. U. C. on the right bank 
of the Thames, opposite Raleigh. 

DOWNE, t. Cumberland co. N. J. 

DOWNINGTOWN, t. Chester co. Pa. on 
the E. side of Brandy wine creek, 33 m. W. by 
N. from Philadelphia. It is a pleasant village. 

DOYLESTOWN, t. Bucks co. Pa. 15 m. 
N W. from Newton, 26 N. from Philadelphia. 
Pop. 2,162. 

DOYLESVILLE, v. Feliciana co. La. 

DRACUT, t. Middlesex co. Mass. Pop. 
1,615. 

DRAKE'S FERRY, v. Huntingdon co. Pa.; 
142 m. from W. 

DRANSVILLE, t. Fairfax co. Va. 

DRESDEN, t. Lincoln co. Maine, on E. side 
of the Kennebeck ; 9 m. NVV. from Wiscasset, 
160 NE. from Boston, W. 613. Pop. 1,559. 

DRESDEN, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, on the 
Muskingum, 15 m. N. Zanesville. 

DREWSVILLE, v. Cheshire co. N. H. 60 
m. from Concord. 

DRIPPING SPRINGS, v. Warren co. Ky. 
708 m. from W. 

DROMORE, t. Lancaster co. Pa., on E side 
of the Susquehannah ; 17 m. S. from Lancas- 
ter. Pop. 1,500. 

DROWNED LANDS, valuable tract of 



about 50,000 acres in the state of N. Y., on 
the N. side of the mountains, in Orange co. 
The waters, which descend from the surround- 
ing hills, being slowly discharged by the river 
W alkill, cover these vast meadows every win- 
ter, and render them extremely fertile. 

DROWNED MEADOW, v. in Brookhaven, 
N. Y. ; 3 rh. E. from Stony Brook, 68 E. from 
New- York, 303 from W. 

DRUMMONDTOWN, t. and cap. Accomac 
co. Va. ; about 25 m. S. from Snowhill, Md., 
215 m. from W. It contains a court-house, a 
jail, and about 40 houses. 

DRUMMOND'S ISLAND, in Lake Huron, 
36 in. E. from Mackinaw. Here the British 
government maintains a garrison, and trading 
post. 

DRY RIDGE, v. Pendleton co. Ky. 

DRYDEN, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. ; 37 m 
S. from Auburn, 170 m. W. from Albany. Pop. 
5,206. 

DUANESBURG, t. Schenectady co. N. Y. ; 
23 m. NW. from Albany. Pop. 2,837. 

DUBLIN, t. Cheshire co. N. H. ; 12 m. ESE. 
from Keene. Pop. 1,218. It lies on the N, 
side of Grand Monadnock, and joins upon 
Jaffrey. 

DUBLIN, t. Harford co. Md., 78 m. from W. 

DUBLIN, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,000. 

DUBLIN, t. Bedford co. Pa. 

DUBLIN, t. and cap. Laurens co. Georgia, 
on the SW. branch of the Oconee ; 45 m. S. 
from Milledgeville, 720 m. from W. It con- 
tains a court-house and a jail. 

DUBLIN, Lower, t. Philadelphia co. on the 
Delaware ; 10 m. N. from Philadelphia. Pop. 
3,000. 

DUBLIN, Upper, t Montgomery co. Pa. 
Pop. 2,102. 

DUBLIN, t. Franklin co. Ohio, on the right 
bank of Scioto river, 12 m. NW. from Colum- 
bus. Pop. about 100. 

DUBOIS, or Lake of the Woods, lake of 
British N. America, W. from Lake La Pluie. 
or Lake Rain. The river La Pluie flows from 
the latter to the former. The discharge of the 
Lake of the Woods is again into Lake Winni- 
pec. The NW. boundary of the U. S. on N. 
lat, 49° intersects the W. bank of the Lake of 
the Woods. 

DUBOIS, co. Ind., bounded by Perry SE., 
Spencer S., Warwick SW., Pike W., Davies 
NW., Owen N., and Orange and Crawford E., 
length 20 m., mean width 18 m. Pop. in 1820, 
1,168 ; in 1830, 1,774. Portersville, chief town, 

DUBUQUE'S LEAD-MINES, Miso. the 
name of a tract of country commencing 60 m. 
below Prairie du Chien, and extending about 
20 miles along the W. bank of the Mississippi 
by 9 in depth. It contains rich lead-mines, 
which are wrought by the Indians. 

DUCHAT, small r. Indiana, flows from the 
N. into the Wabash, between Fort Harrison 
and Tippecanoe creek. 

DUCHENE, r. Lower Canada, runs from 
the N. into the St. Lawrence opposite Isle Je- 
sus. Long. 71° 54' W. lat. 46° 45' N. 

DUCK, r. Tennessee, which rises in Frank- 
lin co. and flows W. by N. through Bedford, 



256 



DUC— DUR 



Maury, Hickman, and Humphreys cos., and 
on W. side of the last joins the Tennessee, 
about 80 m. W. from Nashville. It is naviga- 
ble for boats 90 miles. 

DUCK CREEK, hundred, in N. side of Kent 
co. Delaware. Pop. 4,000. 

DUCK CREEK, r. Del., which runs into 
Delaware bay 

DUCK CREEK, Little, r. Del., which runs 
into Delaware bay. 

DUCK CREEK, r. Ohio, which flows into 
the Ohio, 1 m. above Marietta. 

DUCK ISLANDS, two small islands in the 
Atlantic, near the coast of Maine. Lon. 64° 4' 
W. lat. 44° 10' N. 

DUCK ISLANDS, Upper Canada, in Lake 
Ontario, near its outlet, with a good harbor. 

DUCK ISLAND, small isl. near the coast 
of Maine. Lon, 67° 43' W. lat 44° 45' N. 

DUCK RIVER, small r. Michigan territory, 
which flows into the west side of Green-bay, 
about 3 miles from Fort Howard. 

DUDLEY, t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 18 m. 
SSW. from Worcester, 55 SW. from Boston, 
380 from W. Pop. 2,155. 

DUDLEY ISLAND, island in Passama- 
quoddy bay, Maine, belonging to Eastport. 

DUFF'S FORKS, v. Fayette co. Ohio. 

DUGDOMONI, the western branch of the 
Octahoola, Louisiana. 

DUKE'S, co. Mass. It comprises Martha's 
Vineyard and the Elizabeth Islands. Pop. 3,518. 
Chief town, Edgartown. 

DULCE, r. of N. America, in Costa Rica, 
and Veragua, falls into the Gulf of Dulce, after 
separating the two provinces from which it 
flows. 

DULCE, gulf of the Pacific ocean, into 
which the river Dulce is discharged, lat. 9° N. 

DUMFRIES, t. port of entry, and cap. of 
Prince William co. Va., on the Quantico, which 
falls into the Potomac 3 m. below the town ; 
33 m. S. from W., 88 N. from Richmond. Lon. 
77° 28' W. lat. 38° 40' N. It contains a court- 
house, a jail, a meeting-house, a large ware- 
house, and about 300 buildings ; and has some 
trade. The Quantico is navigable as far as to 
the town for boats of 20 tons. At the mouth 
of the river there is a very handsome and ex- 
cellent harbor. 

DUMMER, t. Coos co. N. H. 95 m. N. from 
Concord. Pop. 65. 

DUMMERSTON, t. Windham co. Vt. ; 31 
m. E. from Bennington, 5 N. from Brattlebo- 
rough, 431 from W. Pop. 1,592. 

DUMSBURG, t. Lycoming co. Pa. 

DUNBAR, t. Fayette co. Pa. 

DUNBARTON, t. Merrimack co. N. H. on 
W. side of the Merrimack, opposite Chester ; 
18 m. N. from Amherst, 55 W. from Ports- 
mouth. Pop. 1,067. 

DUNCAN, fort, U. C. at the N. end of lake 
Nipigon. 

DUNCAN'S CANAL, inlet on an island off 
the NW. coast of America, in lat. 56° 58' N. 

DUNCANSVILLE, v. BarnweU district, S. 
C. 623 m. from W. 

DUNDAFF, v. Susquehannah co. Pa. 



DUNDAS ISLAND, on the NW. coast of 
America. Lat. 54° 30' N. 

DUNDAS, co. of Upper Canada, bounded E. 
by Stormont, SE. by St. Lawrence river, W. 
by Greenville, and N. by Ottawa river. 

DUNGENESS, New, point, on the NW. 
coast of America, at the entrance of the gulf 
of New Georgia. Lat. 48° 15' N. 

DUNHAM, t. Bedford co. L. C. on the SW, 
branch of the Yamaska. It is a fertile tract 
of country. Pop. 1,700. 

DUNKARD, t. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,055. 

DUNKIRK, v. Chatauque co. N. Y. on Lake 
Erie, 7 m. from the head of Casada Lake. 

DUNKIRK, t. King and Queen co. Va. 25 
m. from Portroval, 116 from W. 

DUNKLIN'S, v. Newbury co. S. C. 

DUNLAPSVILLE, v. on E. branch of 
White Water river, Union co. In. 50 m. NW. 
from Cincinnati, and 83 a little S. of E. from 
Indianapolis. 

DUNNING STREET, v. Saratoga co. N. Y 
30 m. N. from Albany 

DUNNSBURG, v. Lycoming co. Pa. 

DUNSTABLE, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 
on the W. side of Merrimack river, 12 m. SE. 
from Amherst, 40 NW. from Boston. Von 
2,417. 

DUNSTABLE, t. Middlesex co. Mass. on 
the S. side of the Merrimack, 37 m. N W. from 
Boston. Pop. 593. 

DUNSTABLE, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 
500. 

DUNSTANVILLE, v. Edgefield district, 
S. C. 67 m. W. from Columbia. 

DUNVEGAN, fort, N. America, on Peace r. 
Lon. 119° W. lat. 56° N. 

DUN WICK, t. Middlesex co. U. C. on Lake 
Erie. 

DUNWICH, t. U. C. co. of Suffolk, lies to 
the W. of Southwold, having the river Thames 
for its N. and Lake Erie for its S. boundary. 

DUPAGE, lake, In. is the expansion of the 
river Des Planes, 5 miles before it meets the 
Kankakee. 

DUPLIN, co. in Wilmington district, N. C. 
Pop. 11,373. Chief town, Kenansville. At 
the C. H. is a post-office, 55 m. N. from Wil > 
mington. 

DUPLIN, Old, v. Duplin co. N. C. 

DUPREESVILLE, v. Northampton co. 
N C. 206 m, from W. 

DURANT'S BAY, inlet on the coast of 
N. C. in Albemarle sound. Lon. 76° 16' W 
lat. 35° 40' N. 

DURANT'S ISLAND, small isl. in Albe- 
marle sound, N. C. Lon. 76° 15' W. lat. 35° 
46' N. 

DURANT'S POINT, cape, on the coast of 
N. C. in Albemarle sound. Lon. 76° 30' W 
lat. 36° 5' N. 

DURANGO, an intendency of Mexico. It 
is bounded N. by New Mexico, E. by San 
Luis Potosi, S. by Zacatecas and Guadalaxara, 
and W. by Sonora. It contains 129,947 sq. 
ms. and only 159,700 inhabitants. 

DURANGO, t. Mexico, in the intendency 
of Durango. It is the residence of the in 



UUR— EAS 



257 



tendent and of a bishop: 170 leagues NW.| 
from the city of Mexico. Pop. 12,000. 

DURHAM, t. Buckingham co. L.C. between 
Wickham and Melborne, 60 m. E. from Mont- 
real. 

DURHAM, t. Greene co. N. Y. 20 m. NW. 
from Athens. Pop. in 1820, 2,979 ; in 1830, 
3,039. 

DURHAM, co. U. C. 

DURHAM, northern t. of Bucks co. Pa. on 
the W. side of the river Delaware, 12 m. S. 
from Easton. Pop. 526. 

DURHAM, t. Cumberland co. Me. on the 
Androscoggin, 26 m. ISl E. from Portland. Pop. 
1,731. 

DURHAM, t Middlesex co. Ct. 7 ra. S. from 
Middletown, 18 NE. from New Haven. Pop. 
1,116. 

DURHAM, formerly Freehold, t. Greene co. 
N. Y. on Catskill r. 20 m. NW. from Athens, 
30 SW. from Albany. Pop. 3,039. It con- 
tains 1 Methodist and 2 Presbyterian churches, 
and a public library of 500 volumes. 

DURHAM, New, t. Strafford co. N. H. 38 m. 
NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,606. 

DURHAM CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into 
the Delaware, Ion. 75° 15' W. lat. 40° 35' N. 

DUTCHESS, co. N. Y. on the E. side of the 
Hudson, bounded N. by Columbia co. E. by 
Connecticut, S. by Putnam co. and W. by the 
Hudson, which separates it from Orange and 
Ulster counties. Pop. 50,926. Chief town, 
Poughkeepsie. 

DUTCH SETTLEMENT, v. in Catharines, 
Tioga co. N. Y. 

DUTOTSBURG, t. Northampton co. Pa. 

DUTTON, v. Penobscot co. Maine, 135 m. 
NE. from Portland. Pop. 652. 

DUTY'S, v. Sumner co. Ten. 

DUTYSVILLE, v. Sumner co. Ten. 

DUXBOROUGH, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 10 
m. N. from Plymouth, 38 SE. from Boston. 
Pop. 2,705. A number of vessels are owned 
here, and employed in the coasting trade and 
the fisheries. 
_ DUXBUR Y, t. Washington co. Vt. on Onion 
river, 13 m. W. from Montpelier. Pop. 652. 

DWIGHT, Arkansas territory, a missionary 
station among the Cherokees, established in 
1820 by the American Board of Foreign Mis- 
sions. It is on the W. bank of the Illinois r. 
which empties into the Arkansas 4 m. below, 
and is navigable for keel-boats to Dwight. The 
site of the settlement is a small eminence, at 
the foot of which issues a large spring of pure 
water. The lands on both sides of the river 
are fertile, and there is a good mill-seat in the 
vicinity. Houses are erected for the accom- 
modation of the mission family, and a school 
is opened. It is 200 m. above the town of Ar- 
kansas, 130 above Little Rock, 500, as the river 
runs, from the mouth of the Arkansas, 100 be- 
low Fort Smith. 

DYBERRY, t. Wayne co. Pa. Pop. 400. 

DYER'S ISLAND, in the head of the bay 
of Quinte, lies to the eastward of Missassaga 
Island, U. C. 

DYER, v. Dyer co. Ten. 

DYER, co* of Ten. situation and boundaries 
2H 



uncertain. It has been recently erected Pop. 
1,904. Dyersburg is the capital. 

E. 

EAGLE, t. Brown co. Ohio. 

EAGLE, t. Hockhocking co. Ohio. 

EAGLE, t. St. Clair co. Illinois. 

EAGLE CREEK, r. Ohio, which flows into 
the Ohio, 10 m. below Maysville, Ken. 

EAGLE ISLAND, Hancock co. Maine. 

EAGLE RIVER, a river of N. America, 
which runs into the Mississippi. Lon. 92 3 14' 
W. lat. 43° 50' N. 

EAGLE VILLE, v. in Manlius, N. Y. \\ m. 
E. from Manlius village. 

EAGLEVILLE, t. Alabama, on the Tom- 
bigbee, just below the junction of the Black 
Warrior. It is the chief town of a French 
settlement, and is pleasantly situated in a very 
fertile country. 

EARDLEY, t. York co. L. C. on Ottawa r. 
NW. of Montreal. 

EARL, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 850. 

EARL, t. Lancaster co. Pa. on Conestoga 
creek. Pop. 5,100. 

EARLY, co. Geo. Pop. 2,051. 

EARTHQUAKE LAKE, lake, Missouri, 
about 40 m. W. from New Madrid. It is about 
20 miles long. 

EAST BRANCH, r. Ohio, which joins the 
Little Miami, in N. part of Hamilton co. 

EAST ANDOVER, t. of Oxford co. Maine, 
30 m. NW. from Paris. 

EAST BAY, in Adolphustown, Bay of 
Quinte, U. C. is where the forks of the N. 
Channel open, descending south-westerly from 
Hay bay. 

EAST BECKET, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 25 
m. W. from Northampton. 

EAST BETHEL, v. Oxford co. Me. 71 m. 
from Portland. 

EAST BLOOMFIELD, t. Ontario co. N. Y. 
6 m. W. from Canandaigua. 

EAST-BRIDGEWATER, v. Plvmouth co. 
Mass. Pop. 1,653. 

EAST-CHESTER, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 
8 m. S. from White Plains, 20 N. from New 
York. Pop. 1,300. 

EASTERN, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 

EASTERN BAY, bay on E. side of Ches 
apeake Bay. Lat. 38 3 50' N. 

EASTERN NECK, isl. E. side of Chesa- 
peake Bay, at N. entrance of Chester river ; 3^ 
miles long, \ broad. 

EASTERN RIVER, r. Maine, which joins 
the Kennebeck, at Dresden. 

EASTERTON, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on E. side 
of the Susquehannah, 4 m. above Harrisburg. 

EASTHAM, t. Barnstable co. Mass. on 
Barnstable Bay, 24 m. ENE. from Barnstable, 
89 SE. from Boston, 519 from W. Pop. 966. 

EAST-DISTRICT, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 
956. 

EAST FALLS OF MACHIAS, v. Wash- 
ington co. Maine, 5 m. E. from Machias, 780 
from W. 

EASTERN DISTRICT, of U. C. bounded 
E. by the province of L. G, S. by the river St. 
Lawrence, N. by the Ottawa river, and W. by 



258 



EAS— EAT 



a meridian passing 1 through the mouth of the' 
Gananoque river, in Leeds co. 

EAST GOSHEN, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 6 m. 
N. from Litchfield. 

EAST GREENWICH, t. and cap. Kent co. 
R. I. on an arm of Narraganset Bay, 16 m. S. 
from Providence, 22 NNW. from Newport. 
Pop. 1,591. It contains a court-house, jail, 
academy, and two churches. 

EAST GUILFORD, v. in Guilford, New 
Haven co. Ct. 

EAST HADDAM, t. Middlesex co. Ct. on 
the E. side of Connecticut river, 14 m. S. from 
Middletown, 21 NW. from New London. Pop. 
2,763. It contains 4 churches, 3 for Congre- 
gationalists, and 1 for Episcopalians. 

EAST HAMBURG, t. Erie co. N. Y. 

EAST-HAMPTON, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 
5 m. S. from Northampton, 90 m. W. from Bos- 
ton. Pop. 734. 

EAST-HAMPTON, t. Suffolk co. N. Y. SE. 
part of Long Island, 110 m. E. from New York, 
347 from W. Pop. 1,668. It includes Mon- 
tauk and Gardner's Island. Clinton academy 
is in this town. It is a respectable seminary. 

EAST HARTFORD, t. Hartford co. Ct. on 
the E. side of Connecticut river, opposite Hart- 
ford, with which it is connected by a bridge. 
Pop. 3,373. It contains 4 churches, 2 for Con- 
gregation alists, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Meth- 
odists. Here are numerous mills and manu- 
factories. About | of a mile from the river is 
a wide street, compactly settled, with a row of 
stately elms in the middle, extending 2 m. 

EAST-HAVEN, t. Essex co. Vt. 45 m. NE. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 33. 

EAST-HAVEN, t. Hew-Haven co. Ct. 4 m. 
E. from New-Haven. Pop. 1,229. 

EAST HECTOR, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. 12 
m. W. from Ithaca. Pop. 5,212. 

EAST ISLAND, small isl. in the Atlantic, 
near the coast of Maine, Lat. 32° N. 

EAST KINGSTON, t. Rockingham co. N. 
H. 22 m. SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 443. 

EAST LIVERMORE, t. Oxford co. Me. on 
E. side of Androscoggin r. 66 m. from Portland. 

EAST MAIN, part of New Britain, on the 
peninsula of Labrador ; lies along the E. shore 
of James' Bay. 

EAST MAIN HOUSE, one of the British 
stations for Indian fur trade, stands on a river 
flowing into James' Bay. Lat. 52° 15' N. 

EAST MARLBOROUGH, t. Chester co. 
Pa. on Red Clay creek, 9 m. S. from Downing- 
town. Pop. 1,050. 

EAST MINOT, t. Cumberland co. Me. 39 
m. N. from Portland. The township of East 
Minot forms the NE. angle of the county. 
Pop. 2,908. 

EASTON, t. Bristol co. Mass. 10 m. N. from 
Taunton, 22 S. from Boston. Pop. 1,756. 

EASTON, t. Washington co. N. Y. on the 
Hudson, 16 m. SW. from Salem, 27 N. from 
Albany. Pop. 3,753. 

EASTON, t. and cap. Northampton co. Pa. 
is pleasantly situated on the Delaware, at the 
mouth of the Lehigh, 12 m. NE. from Bethle- 
hem, 58 N. from Philadelphia. Pop. 3 3 5S9. It 



is regularly laid out and contains a court-house, 
jail, academy, and 2 banks. There is a bridge 
over the Delaware at this place, 570 feet long. 
The Delaware, Morris, and Lehigh canals unite 
at this place. It is 190 m. from W. 

EASTON, t. and cap. Talbot co. Md, is on 
Treadhaven creek, 12 m. above its junction 
with the Choptank, 42 ESE. from Annapolis, 
37 S. from Chester. It is the largest town on 
the E. shore of Maryland, and a place of con 
siderable business. It contains a bank, acad- 
emy, arsenal, court-house, jail, two printing- 
offices, and 4 houses for public worship ; 1 for 
Methodists, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Friends, 
and 1 for blacks. Pop. about 1,600. It is 84 
m. from W. 

EAST PITTSTON, t. in the southern part 
of Kennebeck co. Me. E. from Kennebeck r. 
and 60 m. NE. from Portland. 

EASTPORT, v. and port of entry, Wash- 
ington co. Me, at the mouth of Cobscook river, 
280 m. NE. from Portland. This town has 
rapidly increased ; its shipping exceeds 7,000 
tons. Pop. in 1820, 1,937 ; in 1830, 2,450. 

EAST PULTNEY, a small river, rising in 
Rutland co. Vt. which enters Lake Champlain 
at Whitehall, and from that place to the village 
of Pultney, separates N. York from Vermont. 

EAST RIVER, r. or rather a channel or 
sound, between Long Island and New York 
Island, and between Long Island and the state 
of Connecticut, where it is more generally 
called Long Island , Sound. 

EAST RIVER, port of entry, Va, Amount 
of shipping, 1,788 tons. 

EAST RIVER, Florida, runs into Pensaco- 
la Bay. 

EAST SUDBURY, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 
18 m. W. from Boston. Pop. 944. 

EAST TOWN, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 587. 

EAST UNION, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 6 m. E. 
from Wooster. Pop. 800. 

EASTVILLE, v. on the E. shore of Va. in 
Northampton co. 164 m. from Richmond. 

EAST WINDSOR, t. Hartford co. Ct. on 
the E. side of Connecticut r. 8 m. above Hart- 
ford. Pop. in 1820, 3,400 ; in 1830, 3,537. 

EASTWOODFORD, v. Union district, S.C. 
116 m. NNW. from Columbia. 

EATON, t. Buckingham co. L. C. 84 m. 
SSE. from Three Rivers. 

EATON, t. Stafford co. N. H., on Ossipee 
Lake, 50 m. NE. from Concord. Pop. in 
1820, 1,071 ; in 1830, 1,432. 

EATON, t. Madison co. N. Y on the head 
of Chenango r. 30 m. SW. from Utica. Pop. 
in 1820, 3,021 ; in 1830, 3,558. 

EATON, t. and seat of justice, Preble co. 
Ohio. The village is seated near a quarter of 
a mile from Old Fort St. Clair, 34 m. W. from 
Dayton, and 50 N. from Cincinnati. Pop. 511. 
Lat. 39° 45' N. ; Ion. from W. 7° 38' W. 

EATON'S NECK, the N. extremity of Hun- 
tington, in Suffolk co. on Long Island, N. Y. 
where a light-house is erected. 

EATON'S NECK LIGHT-HOUSE, Hun- 
tington, Suffolk co. N. Y on Long Island. It 
is situated on a point of land N. from Hunting- 



EAT— EDW 



259 



ton Bay, on Long Island Sound, 40 m. ENE. 
from New York, and nearly opposite Norwalk 
in Connecticut. 

EATONTON, t. and cap. Putnam co. Geo. 
in a very healthy situation. It contains a 
court-house, jail, academy, and a church, which 
is erected on the academy square, and is open 
to Christians of every denomination. The 
academy consists of 2 handsome 2 story build- 
ings, 150 yards apart, one for males and the 
other for females, and has a library and philo- 
sophical apparatus. It is 22 m. NW. from 
Milledgeville, and 650 from W. 

EATONTOWN, v. Monmouth co. N. J. 1 
m. from the town of Shrewsbury. 

EBENEZER, creek, Geo. runs SE. and falls 
into Savannah river at Ebenezer. 

EBENEZER, t. Effingham co. Geo. on Sa- 
vannah river, 25 m. NNW. from Savannah. 
It was settled in 1735, by Protestants from 
Germanv. 

EBENEZER ACADEMY, v. York co. 
S.Carolina. 

EBENEZER ISLAND, small island in the 
Savannah, near Purysburg. 

EBENSBURG, t. and cap. Cambria co. Pa. 
53 m. W. from Huntingdon, 75 E. from Pitts- 
burg, 190 from W. Pop. 270. 

ECONOMY, a beautiful little village in 
Beaver co. Pa. on the Ohio, a few miles below 
Pittsburg. It is inhabited solely by the sect 
of Harmonists under the celebrated Rapp. 
The village is regularly laid out with wide and 
rectangular streets. The houses are mostly 
of wood. The inhabitants are Germans, and 
are very industriously occupied in manufac- 
tures and husbandry. They have a woollen 
and cotton manufactory with steam machinery 
on a large scale, also breweries, distilleries, 
tanyards, &c. The buildings for these are 
generally of brick. Here is also a handsome 
church, and a spacious building with a hall for 
concerts, a museum, a mineralogical collection, 
a mathematical school, a library, and a school 
for drawing. Considerable attention is paid to 
the cultivation of grapes, and close to the vil- 
lage is a hill covered with vineyards. All 
their property is held in common. They car- 
ry on an extensive trade with the neighboring 
country, and are in a very thriving condition. 
Pop. about 800. 

EDDENBURG, v. Portage co. Ohio; 120 
m. NE. from Columbus. 

EDDINGTON, t. Penobscot co. Me. on Pe- 
nobscot r. 5 m. E. from Bangor. Pop. 405. 

EDDY GROVE, t Caldwell co. Ken. 

EDDYVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Cald- 
well co. Ken. on the right bank of Cumberland 
river, 22 m. SE. bv E. from Smithland on the 
Ohio, and 44 NW. from Clarksville, in Ten. 
Lat. 37° 3' N. ; Ion. from W. 10° 50' W. 

EDEN, v. Hancock co. Me. on the island of 
Mount Desert, 40 m. SSE. from Bangor, 163 
NE. by E. from Portland. Pop. 957. 

EDEN, v. Erie co. N. Y. 268 m. W. from 
Albany. Pop. 1,066. 

EDEN, t. Orleans co. Vt. ; 37 m. N. from 
Montpelier. 



EDENBURG, v. Johnson co. In. ; 27 m. 

from Indianapolis. 

EDEN'S ISLAND, small island in the At- 
lantic, near the coast of S. C. 

EDENTON, s-p. and cap. Chowan co. N. C. 
at the head of Edenton Bay, which sets up 
from Albemarle Sound ; 66 m. S. from Nor- 
folk, 99 NNE. from Newbern, 139 SE. from 
Petersburg, Va. 192 NNE. from Wilming- 
ton, 284 from W. Lon. 57° 7' W. lat. 36° N. 
It contains an elegant court-house, a jail, a 
bank, and an Episcopal church. It is advan- 
tageously situated for trade, but the climate 
is unhealthy. A newspaper is published here. 
Pop. 1,500. 

EDGARTOWN, s-p. and cap. Duke's co. 
Mass. on E. part of Martha's Vineyard, 14 m. 
from the main; 87 m. S. from Boston, 500 
from W. Lat. 41° 25' N. Pop. 1,509. It is 
sometimes called Old Town. Near Old Town 
Harbor there is a handsome village, containing 
a court-house, a jail, and meeting-house, and 
100 houses. It has considerable shipping. 

EDGECOMBE, cape of King George's Isl- 
and, W. coast of N. America. Lon. 58° 15' 
from W. lat. 57° 2' N. 

EDGECOMBE, co. central part of N. C. 
Pop. 14,933. Chief town, Tarborough. 

EDGECOMBE, t. Lincoln co. Me. opposite 
Wiscasset, on Sheepscot river. Pop. 1,258. 

EDGEFIELD, district of S. C. bounded by 
Savannah river NW. Abbeville NE. Newberry 
N. and Lexington, Orange, and Barnwell SE. 
Length 46 m. mean width 40. Chief town, 
Edgefield. Pop. in 1820, 25,179; 1830, 
30,511. 

EDGMONT, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 651. 

EDINBURGH, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. : 26 
m. N. from Ballston, 50 WW. from Albany. 
Pop. 1,571. 

EDINBURGH, t. Dearborn co. In. half a 
mile from the Ohio, and near Lawrenceburg. 

EDINBURGH, t. Elbert co. Geo. on Savan- 
nah river. 

EDINBURGH, t Portage co. Ohio, 6 m. 
SE. from Ravenna. Pop. 115. 

EDISTO, v. Orange co. S. C. ; 577 m. from 
W. 

EDISTO, considerable river of S. Carolina, 
which rises in the district of Edgefield, and 
after running in a SE direction between 
Barnwell and Orangeburgh, enters Ccileton 
and falls into the ocean by two separate out- 
lets in lat. 32° 25' N. 

EDISTO, island of Georgia, formed by the 
two outlets of Edisto river. It is separated 
from Wadmelau island, by N. Edisto, and is 
fertile and well cultivated. 

EDMESTON, t. Otsego co. N. Y. ; 20 m. 
W. from Cooperstown. Pop. in 1820, 1,841 ; 
1830, 2,087. 

EDWARDS, co. II. on the Wabash. Pop. 
1,649. Chief town, Albion. 

EDWARDSBURG, t. Greenville co.U. C. on 
St. Lawrence river, 67 m. NE. from Kingston. 

EDMUNDSVILLE, v. Surrey co. Va. 

EDWARDSVILLE, t. and cap. Madison 
co. II. ; 15 m. NNE. from Cahokia, 75 N. from 



280 



EEL— ELI 



Kaskaskia, 836 from W. It is situated in a 
very fertile country, and contains a land office, 
a bank, and about 50 houses, chiefly built of 
logs. 

EEL RIVER, r. N. America, which runs 
into the Wabash, Ion. 86° 27' W. lat. 40° 
31' N. 

EEL RIVER INDIANS, in NW. Terri- 
tory, on the head waters of the Wabash. 

EFFINGHAM, co. L. C. extends from the 
Ottawa river, opposite Isle Jesus, in a NE. 
direction between York and Leinster counties. 
It lies NW. from Montreal. 

EFFINGHAM, t. Strafford co. N. H. ; 43 
m. NE. from Concord. Pop. 1620, 1,368; in 
1830, 1,911 

EFFINGHAM, co. Geo. between Savannah 
and Great Ogeechee rivers, and bounded S. by 
Chatham, W. by Great Ogeechee river, NW. 
by Scriven, and NE. and E. by Savannah river. 
Length 26 m. width 18. Chief town, Spring- 
field. Pop. 1820, 3,018 ; in 1830, 2,969. 

EGGHARBOR, Great, inlet and river, N. J. 
The river forms the boundary between Cape 
May and Gloucester counties, and runs into 
the inlet, in lat. 39° 22' N. It is navigable 20 
m. for vessels of 200 tons. 

EGGHARBOR, Great, s-p. and port of en- 
try, Gloucester co. N. J. on the sea-coast, at 
the mouth of Eggharbor river, 60 m. from 
Philadelphia. Pop. 1,700. It has considera- 
ble shipping. 

EGGHARBOR, Little, inlet, N. J. lies 17 
m. N. from Great Eggharbor Inlet. It re- 
ceives Mulicus creek, which is navigable 20 
m. for vessels of 60 tons. 

EGGHARBOR, Little, s-p. and port of en- 
try, Burlington co. N. J. on the sea-coast, 60 
m. from Philadelphia. The compact part of 
the town is called Clamtown. Pop. 1,200. 

EGG ISLAND, island on the E. side of 
Delaware Bay, in Cumberland co. N. J. 

EGG ISLAND, small island on E. coast of 
Virginia, at the mouth of York river. 

EGLISE, River de V, r. L. Canada, which 
falls into the St. Lawrence from the N. 44 m. 
below the Island of Orleans. 

EGMONT BAY, on the SW. coast of the 
Island of St. John, in the Gulf of St. Law- 
rence. Lon. 64° W. lat. 46° 30' N. 

EGMONT ISLAND, in the Gulf of Mexi- 
co, on the W. coast of Florida. Lon. 82° 55' 
W. lat. 27° 54' N. 

EGREMONT, t. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 15 
m. SSW. from Lenox. Pop. 889. 

EGYPT, New, v. Monmouth co. N. J. 
EIGHTEEN MILE CREEK, r. Ohio, 
which flows into the Ohio, 18 m. below Galli- 
polis. 

ELBA, t. Genesee co. N. Y. Pop. 2,679. 

ELBERT, co. N. part of Georgia. Pop. 
12,354, of whom 5,853 were people of color. 
Chief towns, Elberton and Petersburg. 

ELBERTON, t. Elbert co. Georgia, on S. 
side of the Savannah ; 23 m. NW. from Pe- 
tersburg, 655 from W. It is the seat of jus- 
tice for the county. 

ELBERTON, t. Effingham co. Georgia, on 



NE. side of the Ogeechee ; 48 m. NW. from 

Savannah, 55 SE. from Louisville. 

ELBRIDGE, v. Camillus, Onondaga co. 
N. York. 

ELDERTON, v. Armstrong co. Pa.; 190 m. 

W. from Haxrisburg. 

, ELDRIDGE, v. Buckingham co. Va. ; 82 
m. W. from Richmond. 

ELDRIDGE, t. Huron co. Ohio. 
ELEANOR'S COVE, a harbor on the 
NW. coast of America. Lon. 220° 51' E. lat. 
59° 44' N. 

ELIM, or Parlcersville, v. Edgefield dis- 
trict, s. a 

ELIZABETH, t. Alleghany co. Pa. on E. 
side of the Monongahela, about 18 m. SSE. 
from Pittsburg. Pop. 3,050. 

ELIZABETH, t. Miami co. Ohio. 
ELIZABETH, v. Harrison co. In. 
ELIZABETH, t. Leeds co. U. Canada, op- 
posite Morristown, St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 

ELIZABETH, t. and seat of justice, Essex 
co. N. Y. on Bouquet river, 130 m. N. from 
Albany. Pop. 1820, 889; in 1830, 1,729. 
Lat. 44° 12' N. lon. 3° 26' E. from W. 

ELIZABETH, r. Va; is formed by the union 
of two branches, at Norfolk, and flows into 
Hampton Roads, 8 m. below. It is from 150 
to 200 fathoms wide, and at common floods 
has 18 feet water to Norfolk. Its entrance is 
defended by a fort ; see Craney Island. The 
canal, connecting the waters of Albemarle 
Sound with Chesapeake Bay, communicate 
with the S. branch of Elizabeth river, 9 m. 
above Norfolk. 

ELIZABETH, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. Pop. 
295. 

ELIZABETH, v. Callaway co. Miso. about 
25 in. NE. from Osage, at the mouth of Osage 
river, and by the post route, 10 m. W. from 
St. Charles. 

ELIZABETH CAPE, the NE. point at the 
entrance of Cook's inlet. Lat. 59° 9' N.— 
There is another cape of this name, on the 
Main. Lat. 43° 22' N. 

ELIZABETH CITY, t. and seat of justice, 
Pasquotank co. N. C. on the right bank of Pas- 
quotank r. 45 m. S. from Norfolk, and 35 NE. 
from Edenton. Lat. 36° 12' N. 

ELIZABETH CITY, co. Va. between York 
and James rivers, having York and Warwick 
counties on the W. Pop. 5,068. Chief town^ 
Hampton. 

ELIZABETH ISLANDS, on the S. coast 
of Mass. between Martha's Vineyard and the 
main la^d belonging to Duke's county. Lon. 
7Qo 38'— 70° 56' W. ; lat. 41° 24'— 41° 32' N 
They are about 16 in number, the principal 
of which are Nashawn, Pasqui, Nashawenua, 
Pinequese, and Cuttyhunk. 

ELIZABETH RIVER, r. N.C. which runs 
into the Neuse. Lon. 78° 18' W. ; lat. 33° 56' N. 

ELIZABETHTOWN, t. and bor. Essex co. 
N. J. 6 m. S. from Newark, 15 WSW. from 
New York. Lon. 74° 12' W. ; lat. 40° 38' N. 
Pop. 3,457. It is pleasantly situated on a 
creek, emptying itself into Staten Island Sound, 
and contains an academy, bank, and 3 houses 



ELI— ELL 



261 



for public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for 
Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. Vessels 
of 20 or 30 tons come up to the town, and those 
of 200 or 300 tons come as far as Elizabeth- 
town Point, at the mouth of the creek, 2 m. 
distant. A steam-boat plies between the city 
of New York and the Point. 

ELIZABETHTOWN, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 
18 m NW. from Lancaster, 80 W. by N.from 
Philadelphia. 

ELIZABETHTOWN, v. Alleghany co. Pa. 
on the E. side of Monongahela river, about 12 
m. above its junction with the Ohio, and the 
same distance S. by E. from Pittsburg. 

ELIZABETHTOWN, t. and seat of justice, 
Bladen co. N. C. on the right bank of Cape 
Fear river, 40 m. above Wilmington, and 55 
below Fayetteville. Lat. 34° 38' N. ; Ion. from 
W. 1° 40' W. 

ELIZABETHTOWN, t. and seat of justice, 
Hardin co. Ken. on the head of Nolin creek, 
a branch of G r een jiver, 45 m. nearly S. from 
Louisville. Lat. 37° 47' N.; Ion. from W. 8° 35'. 

ELIZABETHTOWN, t. and seat of justice, 
Carter co. Ten. on the left bank of W atauga 
river, 130 m. above Knoxville. 

ELIZABETHTOWN, t. Harrison co. In. 

ELIZABETHTOWN, v. Hamilton co.Ohio, 
119 m. SW. from Columbus. 

ELIZABETHTOWN, t. and cap. Tyrrel co. 
N. C. on S. side of Albemarle Sound. It con- 
tains a court-house, a jail, and a few houses. 

ELIZABETHTOWN, t. Ohio co. Va. on E. 
bank of the Ohio, 12 m. S. from Wheeling. 

ELIZAVILLE, v. Fleming co. Ken. 

ELK, r. Miso. which runs into the Missis- 
sippi, 4 m. above the Little Falls. It is 40 
yards wide at its mouth, and there is a short 
portage from its waters to the St. Anthony. 

ELK, r. of the E. shore of Maryland, is 
formed by the union of Big and Little Elk 
creeks, at Elkton, and flows into the Chesa- 
peake 13 m. below. 

ELK, r. rises on the W. side of the Cum- 
berland mountains, in Ten. and flowing SW. 
into Alabama, joins Tennessee river, a little 
above the Muscle Shoals, 40 m. WNW. from 
Creeks crossing-place. 

ELK, r. of western Va. rises in Randolph 
co. and flowing W. by comparative courses 
about 100 m. falls into the great Kenhawa at 
Charleston. 

ELK CREEK, Pa. unites with Penn's creek, 
and falls into the Susquehannah, 5 m. below 
Sunbury. 

ELK CREEK, Ohio, runs into the Miami, 
in Madison, Butler co. 

ELKHOLM, v. Montgomery co. Miso. 56 
m. W. from St. Charles. 

ELKHORN, r. Ken. runs into Kentucky r. 

m. below Frankfort, and is 50 yards wide at 
its mouth. 

ELKHORN, t. Montgomery co. Miso. 

ELK LAKE, between Lake of the Woods 
and Lake Superior. Lon. 93° W.; lat. 48° 
41' N. 

ELKMARSH, v. Fauquier co. Va. 
ELKRIDGE LANDING, t Ann-Arundel 



co. Md. on the S. bank of the PatapsCo, at the 
Falls, 8 m. SW. from Baltimore ; noted for its 
tobacco called kite's foot. 

ELKRUN, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. 

ELKRUN CHURCH, v. Fauquier co. Va. 

ELKTON, t. and cap. Cecil co. Md. at the 
forks of Elk river, 13 m. above its mouth at 
Turkey Point, 12 m. SW. from Christiana 
bridge, 10 N. from Charlestown, 46 SW. from 
Philadelphia, 56 NE. from Baltimore. The 
tide flows up to the town, and there was for- 
merly a brisk trade between Philadelphia and 
Baltimore, through this place. The village is 
well built, and the public buildings are a court- 
house, jail, bank, and Methodist church. 

ELKTON, t. Giles co. Ten. 

ELKTON, t. Christian co. Ken. 

ELKTON, v. and seat of justice, Todd co. 
Ken. 190 m. NW. from Frankfort. 

ELLENSVILLE, v. in the southern part 
of Ulster co. N. Y. 

ELLERY, v.Chatauque co.N.Y. Pop. 2,001. 

ELLICOTT, t. Chatauque co. N. Y., SE. 
from Chatauque. Pop. 2,101. 

ELLICOTTS, or Eleven-mile creek, N. Y. 
runs into the Tormewanta, at its entrance into 
Niagara river. 

ELLICOTTS CROSS ROADS, v. Cumber- 
land co. Ken. 

ELLICOTTS MILLS, v. Baltimore co. Md. 

ELLICOTTVILLE, t. Cataraugus co. N. Y. 

ELLINGTON, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. 
Pop. 2,279. 

ELLINGTON, t. Tolland co. Ct. 13 m. NE. 
from Hartford. Pop. 1,455. There is a cele- 
brated boarding-school for boys at this place. 

ELLIOTT, t. York co. Me. Pop. 1,845. 

ELLIOTT, missionary station of the Amer- 
ican board of Foreign Missions, on a branch 
of the Yazoo, 150 m. NE. from Walnut-hills. 
At this place has been erected since 1818, a 
village containing about 20 houses, a Lancas- 
terian school established, and other judicious 
measures adopted to civilize the neighboring 
savages. 

ELLIOT'S ISLAND, in the Gulf of Flor- 
ida, between Florida peninsula and the Cat 
Keys. Lat. 25° 33' N. 

ELLIS, r. Coos co. N. H. runs into the Sa- 
co, in Bartlett. 

ELLIS, r. Me. which runs into the Andros- 
coggin, in W. part of Rumford. 

ELLISBURG, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. 

ELLISBURN, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. Pop. 
5,292. 

ELLISBURY, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. at the 
mouth of Sandy Creek. 

ELLIS'S FERRY, v. Adams co. Miss. 

ELLISVILLE, v. Cumberland co. Pa. 

ELLISVILLE, v. Warren co. N. C. 

ELLISVILLE, or Lower Blue Lick, v. in 
Nicholas co. Ken. on a small branch of Lick- 
ing r. 50 m. NE. by E. from Frankfort. 

ELLSWORTH, t. Grafton co. N. H. 11 m. 
NNW. from Plymouth. Pop. 234. 

ELLSWORTH, t. Hancock co. Me. 24 m. 
NE. from Castine. Pop. 1,385. 

ELLSWORTH, v. Shut on, Litchfield co. Ct. 



262 



ELM— ERIN 



on Oblong creek, branch of Kousatonnuc river, 
12 m. W. from Litchfield. 

ELMIRA CREEK, r. N. Y. which joins 
the Tioga, at Elmira. 

ELMORE, t. Orleans co. Vt. 16 m. N. from 
Montpelier. 

ELMSLEY, t. Leeds co. U. C. 

ELSANBOROUGH, t. Salem co. N. J. Pop. 
600. 

ELVIRA, t. II. on the waters of Cash river. 

ELY, t. Richelieu and Buckingham coun- 
ties, L- C. east of Montreal. 

ELYRIA, t. E. part of Lorain co. Ohio. 

ELYRIA, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 200. 

ELY SI AN FIELDS, v. Amite co. Miss. 

ELYTON, v. Jefferson co. Ala. 

EMBARRASS, r. II. which runs into the 
Wabash, a little below Vincennes. 

EMBDEN, t. Somerset co. Maine, on Ken- 
nebeck river, 16 m. N. from Norridgewock. 

EMERY'S MILLS, v. York co. Me. 51 m. 
by postroad from Portland. 

EMERSONVILLE, t. Gibson co. Indiana, 
756 m. from W. 

EMERY'S RIVER, r. Ten. which runs 
into the river Tennessee, 7 m. from Clinch r. 

EMMANUEL, co. Geo. on Ogeechee river, 
which separates it from Burke co. Pop. 2,681. 
County town, Swainsborough. 

EMMAUS, t. Northampton co. Pa. 

EMMITTSBURG, v. Frederick co. Md. 
between Flat Run and Tom's Creek, the west- 
ern sources of Monocasy river, 1 m. S. Penn- 
sylvania line, 24 NE. Fredericktown, 50 NW. 
Baltimore. Lat. 39° 10' 30" N. 

ENFIELD, t. Grafton co. N. H. 10 m. SE. 
Dartmouth College, 42 NW. Concord. It con- 
tains a village of about 40 houses, which is on 
Mascony pond, and a village of Shakers. Pop. 
1,492. 

ENFIELD, t. Hampshire co. Mass. on the 
E. side of Belchertown. 

ENFIELD, t Hartford co. Ct. on the E. 
side of Connecticut river, opposite Suffield, with 
which it is connected by a bridge ; 16 m. N. 
Hartford. Here is a settlement of Shakers. 
Pop. 2,129. 

ENFIELD, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. 

ENFIELD, t. Halifax co. N. C. 

ENGLISH NEIGHBORHOOD, v. Bergen 
co. N. J. on a NE. branch of the Hackinsac, 
W. of Fort Lee. 

ENGLISH POINT, cape, in the river St. 
Lawrence. Lon. 61° 45' W. lat. 49° 40' N.— 
There is another cape of this name, on the S. 
coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 53° 29' W. lat. 
46° 49' N. 

ENGLISH TOWN, t. Athens co. Ohio. 

ENGLISH TOWN, v. Monmouth co. N. J. 
18 m. E. from Princeton. 

ENNISVILLE, v. Huntingdon co. Pa. 79 m. 
W. from Harrisburg. 

ENO, river of N. C. rises in Orange co. and 
with Little river and Flat river, forms the 
Neuse, 17 m. below Hillsborough. 

ENOSBURG, v. Franklin co. Vt. on Mis- 
sisque river, 36 m. NE. from Burlington. Pop. 
1,560. 



< ENOREE, r. S. C. a NW. branch of Broad 
river. Its mouth is 5 m. below the mouth of 
Tiger river. 

EPHRATA, or Dunkard's Town, t. Lan- 
caster co. Pa. on Cocalico creek, a branch of 
the Conestoga, 12 m. N. from Lancaster, 60 W. 
from Philadelphia. It is settled by a religious 
sect from Germany, called Dunkers. 

EPPING, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 20 m. 
W. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,263. 

ERABLIERE, r. In. runs into the Wabash 
on the N. side, between Fort Harrison and 
Tippecanoe creek. 

EQUINUNK CREEK, r. Pa. which runs 
into the Delaware. Lat. 41° 52' N. 

ERIE, lake, N. America, through which the 
boundary line runs which separates the United 
States from Canada ; about 260 m. in length 
from SW. to NE. and from 10 to 60 in breadth. 
Lon. 78° 35' to 83° 10' W. lat. 41° 20' to 42° 
50' N. This lake is of dangerous navigation, 
on account of the great number of rocks which 
project for many miles together from the north- 
ern shore, without any shelter from storms. 
There are several tolerably good harbors on 
the S. shore, the principal of which are Buffa- 
lo and Dunkirk, N. Y. Erie, Pa. Painesville, 
Cleveland, Granger, Sandusky, Croghansville, 
besides Put-in and Maumee bays, Ohio. It 
discharges its waters at NE. end into the river 
Niagara. A battle was fought here, on the 
10th September, 1813, between the American 
fleet under commodore Perry, and the English 
fleet, in which the latter was taken. 

ERIE, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Niagara 
co. E. by Genesee co. S. by Cataraugus and 
Chatauque cos. W. by Lake Erie and Niagara 
river. Pop. in 1820, 15,668 ; in 1830, 35,710. 
Chief town, Buffalo. 

ERIE, co. the NW. corner of Pa. bounded 
N. by Lake Erie, E. by N. York, S. by Craw- 
ford co. and W. by Ohio. Chief town, Erie. 
Pop. in 1820, 8,553; in 1830, 16,906. 

ERIE, or Presque Isle, t. and cap. Erie co. 
Pa. pleasantly situated on the S. side of Lake 
Erie, on the margin of a bay formed by Presque 
isle ; 80 m. SSW. from Buffalo, 136 N. from 
Pittsburg, 100 E. from Cleveland. It contains 
a court-house, jail, and printing-office. It has 
an excellent harbor for small vessels, but the 
entrance is narrow and difficult. The trade 
of the town is considerable. The portage be- 
tween this place and French creek, one of the 
branches of Alleghany river, is only 16 miles, 
and a turnpike has been completed through 
this distance. Pop. in 1820, 635; in 1830, 1,329. 

ERIE, Fort, a fort, with a small village, in 
Bertie, Lincoln co. U. C. at the outlet of Lake 
Erie, opposite Black Rock, N. Y. 18 m. above 
the falls of Niagara. 

ERIE, district, Michigan. Pop. 1,340. 

ERIEVILLE, v. Madison co. N. Y. 

ERIN, t. In. on the Ohio, opposite Port Wil 
liam, at the mouth of Kentucky river, 10 m. 
below Vevay, and 12 above Madison. It is on 
elevated ground, and was laid out in 1815. 

ERNEST, t. of Lenox and Haddington co. 
U. C, W. and adjoining Kingston. 



ERR— EVA 



263 



ERREL, t. Coos co. N. H. 100 m. N. from 
Concord. Pop. 82. 

ERVING'S GRANT, t. Franklin co. Mass. 
107 m. NNW. from Boston. Pop. 429. 

ERWINNA, v. on Delaware r. in Bucks co. 
Pa. 15 m. above New Hope. 

ESCATARIA, small island in L. C. about 
5 m. N. from Louisburg, in the island of Cape 
Breton. 

ERWINSVILLE, v. Rutherford co. N. C. 
504 m. from W. 

ESCAMBIA, r. Alabama, which unites with 
the Conecah, in West Florida, near the north 
border. 

ESKELOOT INDIANS, N. America, on 
the narrows of Columbia. No. 1,000. 

ESKIMAUX BAY, bay on the S coast of 
Labrador. Lon. 57° 50' W. lat. 51° 30' N. 

ESKIMAUX, cape in Hudson's Bay. Lon. 
94° 50' W. lat. 61° 12' N. 

ESKIMAUX ISLANDS, small islands in 
the Gulf of St. Lawrence, near the S. coast of 
Labrador. Lon. 63° W. lat. 50° 15' N. 

ESOPUS, t. Ulster co. N. Y. on W. side of 
the Hudson, 4 m. S. from Kingston, 69 S. from 
Albany. 

ESOPUS, r. Ulster co. N. Y. which rises in 
the NW. part, flows by Kingston, and joins the 
Hudson at Saugerties, 11 m. below Catskill. 
Length 58 miles. 

ESPERANCE, v. in Schoharie, N. Y. 8 m. 
N. from Schoharie, 26 W. from Albany. It is 
situated on the Schoharie, and contains a paper- 
mill, and other valuable mills. 

ESSEX, co. NE. part of Vt. bounded N. by 
Canada, E. by Connecticut river, S. by Cale- 
donia co. and W. by Orleans co. Pop. 3,981 
Chief town, Guildhall. 

ESSEX, t. Chittenden co. Vt. on N. side of 
Onion river, 11 m. E. from Burlington. Pop. 
1,664. 

ESSEX, co. NE. part of Mass. bounded N. 
by New Hampshire, E. and SE. by the Atlan- 
tic, and W. and SW. by Middlesex co. Chief 
towns, Salem and Newburyport. Ipswich, 
Marblehead, Beverly, Lynn, Danvers, Glou- 
cester, Newbury, Haverhill, and Andover, are 
all considerable towns. Pop. in 1820, 74,655 ; 
in 1830, 82,887. 

ESSEX, t. Essex co. Mass. on Chebacco 
river, 2 m. above its mouth, 5 SSE. from Ips- 
wich, 12 NE. from Salem. The river is navi- 
gable for sloops of 60 tons. Here are built the 
boats called Chebacco boats. Essex formerly 
constituted the S. parish of Ipswich, and was 
called Chebacco. Pop. 1,345. 

ESSEX, co. N. Y. on Lake Champlain; 
bounded N. by Clinton and Franklin cos. E. 
by Lake Champlain, S. by Washington co. and 
W. by Montgomery and Franklin cos. Pop. 
m 1820, 12,811; in 1830, 19,387. Chief town, 
Elizabethtown. 

ESSEX, t. Essex co. N. Y. on Lake Cham- 
plain, 136 m. from Albany. The Split Rock in 
this town, is a rock projecting 50 yards into the 
lake, the point of which, consisting of about 
J an acre, and covered with trees, is removed 
from the main rock about 20 feet. The height 



of this rock on each side of the fissure is about 

12 feet above the water. Pop. 1,543. 

ESSEX, co. N. J. on Hudson river, oppo- 
site N. York ; bounded N. by Bergen co. E. 
by Bergen co. and Newark Bay, S. by Madi- 
son co. and W. by Somerset and Morris cos. 
Pop. in 1820, 30,793 ; in 1830, 41,928. Chief 
town, Newark. 

ESSEX, co. Va. ; bounded N. by Rappahan- 
nock, which separates it from Richmond co. 
and inclosed on the other sides by Middlesex, 
King William, and Caroline cos. Pop. 10,541, 
of whom 6,417 are slaves. Chief town, Tap- 
pahannock. 

ESSEX, co. U. Canada, comprises the coun- 
try between Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie ; 
bounded W. by Detroit river, and E. by Suf- 
folk co. Chief town, Amherstburg. 

ESTILL, co. Ken. ; bounded N. by Mont- 
gomery, NE. by Pike, E. by Perry, S. by Clay, 
W. by Madison, and NW. by Clarke. Length 
40 m. mean width about 17. Chief town, Ir- 
wine. Pop. 1820, 3,507 ; in 1830, 4,618. 

ESTILLYTLLE, v. and seat of justice, 
Scott co. Va. ; 33 m. a little S. of W. from Ab- 
ingdon, 116 NE. by E. from Knoxville, Ten. 
370 SW. by W. from Richmond. 

ESTHER ISLAND, isl. in Prince William's 
Sound, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 
60° 50' N. 

ESTHERTOWN, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on E. 
side of Susquehannah ; 7 m. N. fromHarrisburg. 

ESTOP ACHY RIVER, v. Washington co, 
Alabama. 

ESTRELLA, r. Guatimala, which enters 
the Pacific in lat. 9° 5' N. 

ETNA, t. Penobscot co. Me. Pop. 1820, 
194; in 1830,362. 

ETNA, v. Tompkins co. N. Y. 

ETOWAH, river of Georgia, rises in the 
Apalachian mountains, interlocking with the 
sources of the Chatahoochee, and flowing SW. 
joins in Alabama the Oostenalah, and forms 
the Coosa. 

EUBANKS, v. Cumberland co. Geo.; 88 m. 
NE. from MilledgeviUe. 

EUCLID, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on Lake 
Erie ; 8 m. NE. from Cleveland. Pop. 1,000. 

EVERETTSHOUSE, v. Lewis co. Ken. 
. EUKILLOGEE, a central district in the 
Cherokee country. In 1821 the United Breth- 
ren established a mission here. It is 30 m. 
from Spring Place. 

EUSTIS, lake, Missouri Territory, the SW. 
head of Yellow-stone river. It is near the 
head of the Wallaumut, which runs into Co- 
lumbia river. 

EUTAW SPRINGS, a small river of S. C. 
which runs into the Santee. Near its source 
a battle was fought in 1781, which, in effect, 
terminated the war in this state. 

EVANS, t. Erie co. N. Y. 

EVANSHAM, t. and cap. Wythe co. Va. 
on the E. side of the Reedy creek, a branch of 
the Kenhawa ; 40 m. E. from Christiansburg, 
240 WSW. from Richmond. 

EVANSVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Van 
derburg co. In. on the bank of the Ohio river 



264 



EVA — FAI 



51 m. S. from Vincennes, and 24 SE. from 
New Harmony. Lat. 38° 1' N. 

EVANSVILLE, t. Monroe co. Ala. 

EVENSBURG, v. Crawford co. Pa. 

EVERITTSVILLE, v. Albemarle co. Va. 

EVESHAM, t. Burlington co. N. J. in the 
forks of Moore's creek; 16 m. E. from Phila- 
delphia, 25 S. from Burlington. Pop. 4,000. 

EUSTATIA, St. one of the smallest of the 
Leeward Islands in the West Indies. It is 
a mountain in the form of a sugar-loaf, whose 
top is hollow, and lies on the NW. of St. Chris- 
topher, and belongs to the kingdom of the 
Netherlands. Lon. 63° 10' W. lat. 17° 29' N. 

EVIT'S CREEK, r. Maryland, which runs 
into the Potomac, lon. 78° 44' W. lat. 39° 
83' N. 

EWINGSVILLE, v. Christian co. Ken.; 
749 rn. from W. 

EWINGSVILLE, v. Cecil co. Md. 

EXETER, r. N. H. which rises from a 
Binall pond in Sandown, and pursues generally 
an easterly course till it meets the tide at Ex- 
eter ; it afterwards pursues a NE. course, 
and communicates with the PisCataqua through 
Great Bay. The Indian name, from Exeter to 
the entrance into the Piscataqua, is Swamscot. 

EXETER, t. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 14 m. 
SW. by W. from Portsmouth, 15 NNW. from 
Newburyport, 18 NNE. from Haverhill, 43 
SE. by E. from Concord, 47 N. by E. from 
Boston, 489 from W. Pop. 2,759. It is a hand- 
some village. Small sea-vessels ascend to it, it 
being at the head of tide-water on Exeter river. 
It contains a number of public buildings and 
three churches, and is the seat of very consid- 
erable manufactures. Phillips' Exeter Acade- 
my in this place is one of the most ancient, 
opulent, and useful institutions in the United 
States, having many of the advantages and en- 
dowments of a college. It has been almost 
exclusively devoted to the preparation of schol- 
ars for college. The whole number that have 
been educated is 2,025. Number of instruc- 
tors 4, including a writing and singing mas- 
ter. Number of volumes in the library, 680. 
The building is an elegant edifice, 76 feet by 
30, with wings 34 by 28. 

EXETER, t. Penobscot co. Maine ; 62 m. 
NW. from Castine, 264 NE. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,438. 

EXETER, t. Washington co. R. I. ; 25 m. 
SW. from Providence. Pop. 2,389. 

EXETER, t. Otsego co. N. Y. ; 10 m. NW. 
from Cooperstown. Pop. 1,690. There is a 
flourishing village on the lake in this township, 
which has considerable trade. The celebrated 
Split Rock is in this township, 5 m. S. of the 
village. It appears to have been separated by 
some great convulsion, and is esteemed a great 
curiosity. 

EXETER, t. Luzerne co. Pa. on the Sus- 
quehannah river, 10 m. above Wilkesbarre. 
Pop. 900. 

EXETER, v.New Hanover co. N. C. on the 
E. fork of Cape Fear river, 36 m. above Wil- 
mington. 

EXETER, v. of Harrison co. In. 



F. 

FABIUS, t. Onondago co. N. Y. It is sit- 

uated on the head springs of Chenango river, 
148 m. W. of Albany. Pop. 1820, 2,494; in 
1830, 3,071. 

FABOMIT LAKE, Canada. Lon. 88° 15' 
W. lat. 52° 18' N. 

FACTORIES, v. Hampden co. Mass. 

FACTORYVILLE, v.Tioga co. N. Y. about 
164 m. SSW. from Albany. 

FAIRBLUFF, v. Columbus co. N. C. 

FAIR BANKS, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. 

FAIRFAX, t. Franklin co. Vt. on Lamoil 
river; 18 m. NNE. from Burlington. Pop. 
1,729. 

FAIRFAX, co. Va. ; bounded N. and E. by 
the Potomac, S. by Prince William co. and W. 
by Loudon co. Pop. 9,206, of whom 3,972 are 
slaves. Chief town, Centreville. The court- 
house, where a post-office is kept, is 15 m. 
from W. 

FAIRFAX, t. and cap. Culpeper co. Va. ; 
40 m. WNW. from Fredericksburg, 76 from W. 

FAIRFIELD, t. Somerset co. Maine, on the 
Kennebec, opposite Clinton ; 9 m. S. from Nor- 
ridgewock, 25 m. N. from Augusta. Pop. 
2,002. 

FAIRFIELD, t. Franklin co. Vt.; 26 m. 
NNE. from Burlington. Pop. 2,270. 

FAIRFIELD, co. Ct. ; bounded N. by Litch- 
field co. SE. by Long Island Sound, and W. by 
New York. Pop. 46,950. Chief towns, Fair- 
field and Danbury. 

FAIRFIELD, t. and port of entry, Fairfield 
co. Ct. on Long Island Sound ; 21 m. WSW. 
from New Haven, 54 NE. from New York. 
Lat. 41° 8' N. Pop. 4,246. It contains a court- 
house, an academy, and several houses of pub- 
lic worship. There are 4 villages within the 
town, Fairfield, Greenfield Hill, Green's Farms 
or Saugatuck, and Mill river. There are 3 
harbors, Black Rock, Mill River, and Sauga- 
tuck. With the exception of New London, 
Black Rock is the best harbor in the Sound. 

FAIRFIELD, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. ; 10 
m. N. from Herkimer, 75 from Albany. Pop. 
2,265. In this town there is an academy, and 
a medical school connected with it. 

FAIRFIELD, t. Essex co. N. J. 

FAIRFIELD, t. Cumberland co. N. J. on 
Cohanzy creek ; 25 m. E. from Salem. Pop. 
1,900. 

FAIRFIELD, t Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 
725. 

FAIRFIELD, Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop 
3,111. 

FAIRFIELD, or Miller's, t. Adams co. Pa. 
8 m. W. from Gettysburg. 

FAIRFIELD, v. Rockbridge co. Va. 

FAIRFIELD, district, S. C. between Wa 
teree and Broad rivers. Pop. 21,546. Chief 
town, Monticello. 

FAIRFIELD, v. Columbia co. Geo. 

FAIRFIELD, or Roberts', v. Putnam co 
Geo. 

FAIRFIELD, v. Nelson co. Ken.; 10 m 
from Bairdstown. 



FAI— -FAR 



265 



FAIRFIELD, co. in the central part of 
Ohio. Pop. 24,788. Chief town, Lancaster. 

FAIRFIELD, v. Franklin co. In. on the E. 
fork of Whitewater river; 7 m. N. from Brook- 
ville, 77 m. SE. by E. from Indianapolis. 

FAIRFIELD, v. Wayne co. II. ; 63 m. SE, 
from Vandalia. 

FAIRFIELD, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. 

FAIRFIELD, t. Highland co. Ohio, N. of 
Hillsborough. Pop. 2,500. 

FAIRFIELD, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. 

FAIRFIELD, t. Greene co. Ohio, 11 m. 
NW. from Xenia. 

FAIRFIELD, t. Butler co. Ohio. Pop. 
2,900. In this township is Hamilton, the seat 
of justice for the county. 

FAIRFIELD, t. Licking co. Ohio ; 4 m. N. 
from Newark. 

FAIRFIELD, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. 

FAIRHAVEN, t. Rutland co. Vt. on Pult- 
ney river ; 9 m. NNE. from Whitehall, 43 W. 
from Windsor. Pop. 675. 

FAIRHAVEN, t. Bristol co. Mass. on the 
Accushnet river, opposite New Bedford. Pop. 
3,034. 

FAIRHA VEN, v. Gallia co. Ohio, on Ohio 
river, opposite the mouth of the Kenhawa ; 4 
m. above Gallipolis. 

FAIRLEE, t. Orange co. Vt. on Connecti- 
cut river ; 35 m. above Windsor. Poo. 656 

FAIRLEE, West, t. Orange co. Vt. W. of 
Fairlee. 

FAIRPORT, t. Geauga co. Ohio, at the 
mouth of Grand river, on Lake Erie ; 15 m 
N. from Char don. 

FAIR RIVER, Canada, runs from Wapes 
saga to Lake St. John. 

FAIRTOWN, t. Cumberland co. N. J. 

FAIRVALE, v. in Granville, Washington 
co. N. Y. 

FAIRVIEW, v. Erie co. Pa. 

FAIRVIEW, v. Brooke co. Va. 

FAIRVIEW, t. Guernsey co. Ohio; 25 m 
E. from Cambridge. 

FAIRWEATHER, Cape, on the NW. coast 
of America. Lon. 222° 20' E. lat. 58° 
504' N. 

FAIRWEATHER, Mount, high mountain 
on the NW. coast of America, about 12 m. 
NE. from Cape Fairweather. 

F ALES' CREEK, Ohio, runs into the Ohio, 
11 m. above Portsmouth. 

FALL, r. R. Island, which runs from Wa- 
tuper Pond into Taunton river. 

FALL, r. which rises in Vermont, and runs 
into the Connecticut, N. of Greenfield, Mass. 

FALL RIVER, v. in the town of Troy, 
Bristol co. Mass. It is situated on Taunton 
river, which is navigable for small vessels to 
the town, and is one of the largest manufac- 
turing villages in the United States. The 
manufactures of cotton run 3,431 spindles. 
There are also manufactures of satinet, bleach- 
ing and printing works, and manufactures 
of iron. The town contains 7 churches and 
a bank. Pop. of the village 3,431. It is 
about 50 m. S. of Boston. 

FALLS CREEK, v. on FaUs creek, Tomp- 
tdns co. N. York. 

21 



FALLING SPRINGS, creek, Bath co. Va. 
It is a branch of Jackson river, and is about 
25 m. SW. from the Warm Springs, and has 
a fall of 200 feet perpendicular height. 

FALLING WATERS, v. Berkeley co. Va. 

FALLOWFIELD, t. Washington co. Pa. 
on the left bank of Monongahela river, on the 
waters of Pig-eon creek. 

FALLOWFIELD, t. Crawford co. Pa. on 
the sources of Big Beaver river ; 10 m. SW. 
from Meadville. 

FALLS, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, imme- 
diately W. from Zanesville. 

FALLS, t. Hocking co. Ohio. 

FALLSINGTON, v. Bucks co. Pa. ; 5 m. 
SW. from Trenton. 

FALLSTOWN, v. N. C. Iredell co. 

FALMOUTH, s-p. and t. Barnstable co. 
Mass. at the SW. end of the peninsula of 
Barnstable ; 18 m. S. by W. of Sandwich, and 
41 S. of Plymouth. Pop. 2,548. 

FALMOUTH, t. Cumberland co. Me.; 5 
m. NW. of Portland. Pop. 1,966. 

FALMOUTH, v. Strafford co. Va. on the 
river Rappahannock, opposite to Fredericks- 
burg ; 70 m. N. of Richmond, and 60 S. by 
W. from W. 

FALMOUTH, v. and seat of justice, Pen- 
dleton co. Ken. ; 30 m. S. from Cincinnati. 

FALMOUTH, t. Lancaster co. Pa. ; 20 m. 
S. from Lancaster. 

FALMOUTH, s-p. Antigua ; 7 m. SE. from 
St. Johns. Lon. 61° 28' W. lat. 17° 9' N. 

FALMOUTH, s-p. Jamaica. Lon. 77° 33' 
W. lat. 18° 31' N. 

FALMOUTH, t. in Hants, Nova Scotia, on 
the SE. side of the basin of Mines ; 28 m. 
NW. from Halifax. 

FANNETSBURG, t. Franklin co. Pa. 

FANSHAW, Cape, NW. coast of America, 
on the N. side of Frederick's Sound. Lon. 
226° 44' E. lat. 57° 11' N. 

FARQUIER. See Fauquier. 

FAREWELL, Cape, S. point of West 
Greenland, on the north side of the entrance 
of Davis's Straits. Lon. 42° 42' W. lat. 59° 
37' N. 

FARLEY MILLS, v. King and Queen 
co. Va. ; 148 m. from W. 

FARLEYSVILLE, v. Charlotte co. Va.; 
233 from W. 

FARMER, v. Seneca co. N. Y. 

FARMER'S, v. Genesee co. N. Y. 264 m. 
W. from Albany. 

FARMERSVILLE, v. Cataraugus co. N. Y. 
70 m. SW. from Rochester, and 50 SE. from 
Buffalo. Pop. 1,005. 

FARMINGTON, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 29 
m. NNW. from Augusta, 200 NNE. from 
Boston, 649 from W. Pop. 2,340. It is a 
valuable agricultural town, and contains an 
academy. 

FARMINGTON, t. Strafford co. N. H. 26 
m. NW. from Portsmouth. Fop. 1,464. 

FARMINGTON, t. Hartford co. Ct. on Far- 
mington river, 10 m. W. from Hartford, 30 N. 
from New Haven. Pop. 1,901. 

FARMINGTON, t. Ontario co. N. Y. 9 m. 
NE. from Canandaigua. Pop. 1,773. Clifton 



266 



FAR— FER 



springs are in this town. They are strongly 
impregnated with sulphur. 

FARMINGTON, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 12 
m. NW. from Warren. 

FARMINGTON, t. Belmont co. Ohio. 

FARMINGTON FALLS, v. on Sandy river, 
5 m. above the village of Farmington, and in 
the NW. angle of Kennebeck co. Me. 97 m. 
nearly due N. from Portland. 

FARMINGTON RIVER, rises in Massa- 
chusetts, and runs SE. to Farmington in Con- 
necticut, where it is joined by Salmon river ; 
it has a cataract of 150 feet, after which it is 
called Windsor river, and joins the Connecti- 
cut, 4 m. above Hartford. 

FARMVILLE, v. Prince Edward co. Va. on 
the Appomatox, 72 m. SW. from Richmond. 

FARNHAM, t. Bedford and Richelieu cos. 
L. Canada, SE. from Montreal. 

FARNHAM, v. Richmond co. Va. 

FARROWVILLE, v. Fauquier co. Va. 64 
m. SW. from W. and 145 NNW. from Rich- 
mond. 

FATE, t. Clermont co. Ohio. 

FAUCHE, r. II. runs into the Illinois river 
from the east. 

FA t GUM AN, t. Wayne co. Ohio. 

FAUQUIER, co. NE. part of Va. bounded 
N. by Loudon co. NE. by Prince William co. 
ESE. by Stafford co. SW. by Culpeper co. and 
NW. by Frederick co. Pop. 26,379. Chief 
town, Warrenton. 

FAUSSEMBAULT, Seigniory, Hampshire 
co. L. C. 10 m. W. from Quebec. 

FAUSSE RIVIERE, a lake inLouisiana, in 
Point Coupee, once a bend of the Mississippi 
river. The banks of the lake are high, dry, 
and arable. 

FAVORABLE LAKE, N. America. Lon. 
93° 10' W. ; lat. 52° 48' N. 

FAWCETTSTOWN, t. Columbiana co. O. 
on Ohio r. 15 m. SE. from New Lisbon. 

FAWN, t. York co. Pa. on Muddy creek, 
and joining the divisional line that separates 
this state from Maryland. 

FAWN GROVE, t. York co. Pa. 25 m. S. 
from York. 

FAYETTE, t. Kennebeck co. Me. Pop. in 
1820, 824; in 1830, 1,049. 

FAYETTE, t. Seneca co. N. Y. between 
Seneca and Cayuga Lakes, 8 m. SE. from Ge- 
neva. Pop. in 1820, 3,698 ; in 1830, 3,216. 

FAYETTE, co. Ken. on the sources of Elk- 
horn river, bounded by Jessamine SE. Wood- 
ford W. Scott NW. Bourbon NE. Clark E. and 
Madison or Kentucky river S. Pop. 25,174. 
Chief town, Lexington. 

FAYETTE, co. Geo. bounded N. by Henry, 
E. by Oakmulgee river, S. by Monroe, and W. 
by Flint river. Pop. 5,501. Fayetteville is the 
chief town. 

FAYETTE, co. Ohio, bounded S. by High- 
land, SW. by Clinton, NW. by Greene, N. by 
Madison, E. by Pickaway, and SE. by Ross. 
Pop. in 1820, 6,316 ; in 1830, 8,180. Chief 
town, Washington. 

FAYETTE, co. in SW. part of Pa. Pop. 
29,237. Chief towns, Union and Brownsville. 



FAYETTE, t. Gallia co. Ohio. 
FAYETTE, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. 
FAYETTE, co. Indiana. Pop. 9,112. Cow- 

nersville is the chief town. 

FAYETTEVILLE, t. and cap. Cumber- 
land co. N. C. 60 m. S. from Raleigh, 95 NNW. 
from Wilmington, 159 NE. from Columbia, 347 
from W. Lon. 79° 58' W. ; lat. 35° 3' N. It 
is situated near Cape Fear river, at the head 
of boat navigation. 

FAYETTEVILLE, v. Onondago co. N. Y. 
by postroad 139 m. from Albany. 

FAYETTEVILLE, v. and seat of justice, 
Lincoln co. Ten. on the right bank of Elk r. 
50 m. SW. from Murfreesborough. Lat. 35° 
10' N. ; lon. from W. 9° 37' W. 

FAYETTEVILLE, v. Fayette co. Geo. 
about 50 m. WSW. from Milledgeville. 

FAYSTOWN, t. Washington co. Vt. 17 m. 
SW. from Montpelier. Pop. 458. 

FEAR, Cape, a cape of N. Carolina, where 
there is a dangerous shoal, called, from its form, 
the Frying Pan, lying at the entrance of Cape 
Fear river. This river is formed by two 
branches, called the NW. and NE. branches, 
which unite above Wilmington ; and it enters 
the Atlantic below Brunswick. Lon. 77° 45' 
W.; lat. 33° 40' N. 

FEARING, t. Washington co. Ohio. 

FEARY, v. Montgomery co. Ten. 

FEDERAL POINT, point, N. C. near the 
New Inlet. Here is a beacon ; 80 m. W. by 
S. from Cape Lookout, 30 NW. by N. from 
Frying Pan Shoals. 

FEDERALSBURG, v. in Dorchester and 
Caroline cos. Md. on Marshy Hope creek, 20 
m. NE. from Cambridge. 

FEDERAL STORE, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 
95 m. SSE. from Albany. 

FEEDING HILLS, v. in West Springfield, 
Hampden co. Mass. 5 m. W. from Springfield. 

FEESTOWN, t. Clermont co. Ohio. 

FELICIANA, co. La. bounded W. by the 
Mississippi, S. by East Baton Rouge, N. by the 
state of Mississippi, E. by Florida. The set- 
tlers are almost entirely Americans. Chief 
town, St. Francisville. 

FELICIANA, t. Feliciana co. Louisiana, 
E. of Baton Rouge. 

FEMME OSAGE, v. St. Charles co. Miso. 

FENNER, v. Madison co. N. Y. 115 m. from 
Albany. Pop. 2,017. 

FERDINAND, t. Essex co. Vt. 60 m. NE. 
from Montpelier. 

FERDINAND, St. Louis co. Miso. 

FERGUSON, t. Centre co. Pa. 

FERGUSON'S FERRY, v. Johnson co. II. 

FERNANDINA, s-p. Amelia Island. It is 
the only town on the island. 

FERRIER POINT, cape of Mexico, on the 
Pacific Ocean. Lon. from W. 41° ■ lat 33° 
42' N. 

FERRISBURG, t. Addison co. Vt. on Lake 
Champlain, at the mouth of Otter creek, 22 m. 
S. from Burlington. Pop. 1,822. 

FERROL, Cape, a cape on the NW. coast 
of Newfoundland. Lon. 57° 11' W. ; lat. 5P 
4'N. 



FER — FLI 



267 



FERRY-HILL, v. Mecldenburg co. Va. 

FIDALGO, Port, inlet, NW. coast of Amer- 
ica, in Prince William Sound. Lat. 60° 55' N. 

FIELD'S MILLS, v. Brunswick co. Va. 
186 m. from W. 

FIFTEEN MILE CREEK, r. which rises 
in Pennsylvania, and runs into the Potomac, 
in Maryland. 

FIGHTING ISLAND, small isl. of Michi- 
gan territory, in Detroit river, a little above 
Gross Isle. 

FINCASTLE, t. and cap. Botetourt co. Va. 
on Catawba creek, which flows into James 
river, a few miles below the town ; 55 m. W. 
by N. from Lynchburg, 175 W. from Rich- 
mond, 244 from W. Pop. about 800. It con- 
tains a court-house and jail. 

FINCHTOWN, t. St. Ormont co. U. C. 

FINDLEYSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. 
N.C. 

FINHOLLOWAY, r. Geo. which runs into 
the Alatamaha, in Wayne co. 

FINNEYSVILLE, v. Rutland co. Vt. 97 m. 
SSW. from Montpelier. 

FIRELANDS, a tract of country in Ohio, 
which includes the five westernmost ranges of 
townships in -the Connecticut Reserve. 

FIREPLACE, v. Suffolk co. N. Y. 298 m. 
from W. 

_ FISH CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs S. and 
joins Wood creek in Bengal. Length 43 m. 

FISH CREEK, r. Va. which runs into the 
Ohio. 

FISH CREEK, r. Md. which runs into the 
Chesapeake. 

FISHKILL, r. N. Y. which joins Wood 
creek 2 miles from its entrance into Oneida 
Lake. Another creek of this name is the out- 
let of Saratoga Lake into Hudson river. Its 
mouth is opposite the mouth of Batlenkill. On 
the banks of this creek the British army under 
Gen. Burgoyne surrendered to Gen. Gates, Oct. 
17th, 1777. 

FISHKILL, small but important creek of 
N. Y. in Dutchess co. falls into the Hudson 
opposite Newburgh. 

FISHKILL, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. on Hud- 
son river, 10 m. below Poughkeepsie, 65 N. 
from New York. Pop. 8,292. The village of 
Fishkill is about 5 m. E. of the river, on Fish- 
kill creek. The other settlements in the town 
are Hopewell, New Hackinsac, Middlebush, 
and Wappinger's Creek. The number of 
churches is 6. Here are numerous mills and 
manufactories, and 2 landings, at which con- 
siderable trade is carried on. 

FISHKILL, mountains, are the continuation 
of the Highlands above Westpoint, and curving 
to the NE. and N. stretches between Dutchess 
and Putnam counties, and thence through the 
former towards the SW. angle of Mass. 

FISHKILL LANDING, v. Dutchess co. 
N. Y. directly opposite Newburgh, 5 m. S. from 
the village of Fishkill, and 60 m. above the city 
of New York. 

FISH LAKE, v. Delaware co. N. Y. 89 m. 
SW. from Albany. 

FISH RIVER, r. Alabama, which runs into 
E. side of Mobile Bay. 



FISHER'S ISLAND, isl. in Long Island 
Sound. It forms a part of the town of South old, 
N. Y. 8 miles long, and 2 broad ; 5 m. SW. 
from Stoninsfton, Ct. 

FISHERY STORE, v. Clark co. Alaba- 
ma. 

FISHERSFIELD, t. Merrimack co. New 
Hampshire, 27 m. WNW. from Concord. Pop. 
798. 

FISHING BAY, bay, Md. on E. side of the 
Chesapeake, at the mouth of the Nanticoke. 

FISHING CREEK, Howard co. Miso. 

FISHING CREEK, t. Columbia co. Pa. 
It is watered by a creek of the same name. 

FISHING CREEK, r. Va. which runs into 
the Ohio. 

FISHING CREEK, v. Wilkes co. N. C. 

FISHINGFORD CROSS-ROADS, v. Bed- 
ford co. Ten. 

FITCHBURG, t. Worcester co. Mass. on 
Nashua river, 25 m. N. from Worcester. Pop. 
2,180. 

FITCHVILLE, t. Huron co. Ohio. 

FITZHERBERT'S ISLAND, in the Flor- 
ida stream. Lon. 81° 50' W. lat. 24° 40' N. 

FITZWILLIAM, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 13 
m. SE. from Keene. Pop. 1,229. 

FITZHUGH'S SOUND, narrow channel 
of the Pacific ocean, between Culvert's island 
and the W. coast of America. 

FLATBUSH, t and cap. Kings co. Long 
Island, on New York bay, 5 m. S. by E. from 
New York city. Pop. 1,143. The public build- 
ings are a court-house, academy called Eras- 
mus Hall, and a church. A battle was fought 
near this town, 27th August, 1776, in which 
the Americans were defeated by the British 
with great loss. 

FLAT CREEK, r. S. C. which runs into 
the Great Pedee, 6^ m. from Greenville. 

FLATLANDS, t. Kings co. N. Y. on New 
York bay, 2 m. S. from Flatbush. Pop. 596. 

FLAGG-SPRING, v. Campbell co. Ken. 

FLAGGTOWN, v. Somerset co. N. J. 29 m. 
N. from Trenton. 

FLAMBOROUGH, t. York co. U. C. on 
Burlington bay, at the W. extremity of Lake 
Ontario. 

FLANDERS, v. Morris co. N. J. near the 
head of Raritan river, 15 m. a little N of W. 
from Morristown, and 59 N. from Trenton. 

FLATTERY, Cape, on the W. coast of 
N. America, so named by captain Cook, who 
discovered it in 1788, because he was disap 
pointed in not finding a harbor. Lon. 124 0 
57 W. lat. 48° 25' N. 

FLEMING, co. in the E. part of Ken. Pop. 
13,493. 

FLEMINGS, v. Wayne co. Indiana. 
FLEMINGSBURG, t. and cap. Fleming co 
Ken. 

FLEMINGTON, t. Hunterdon co. N.J. 23 
m. NNW. from Trenton, 9 S. from Pittstown, 
53 NE. from Philadelphia. 

FLETCHER, t. Franklin co. Vt. 22 m. NE. 
from Burlington. Pop. 793. 

FLINN, t. Jackson co. Indiana. 

FLINN'S FORK, v. Caldwell co. Ken. 796 
m. from W 



268 



FLI— FOR 



FLINT, r. Ontario co. N. Y. which runs 
into Canandaigua r. at the village of Vienna 
in Phelps. 

FLINT, r. Geo. which rises in N. lat. 33° 
40' and running SW. by S. 200 miles, joins 
the Chatahoochee to form the Apalachicola. 

FLINT ISLAND, island in the Gulf of St. 
Lawrence, near the coast of Cape Breton Island. 
Lon. 59° 40' W. lat. 46° 10' N. 

FLINT-STONE, v. Alleghany co. Md. 150 
m. NW. by W. from W. 

FLORENCE, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 17 m. 
NW- from Rome. Pop. 964. 

FLORENCE, t. and cap. Lauderdale co. Al. 
on the N. bank of the Tennessee, at the foot 
of the Muscle Shoals, on the road from Nash- 



co. Ken. 36 m. W. from Frankfort, and 20 NE. 

from Louisville. 

FLOYD'S FORK, r. Ken. which runs into 
tne river Salt. 

FLUSHING, t. Queen's co. N. Y. situated 
about 5 m. E. from New York. Pop. 2,820. 

FLUSHING, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 12 m. W. 
from St. ClairsviUe. Pop. 1,197. 

FLUVANNA, co. central part of Va. bound- 
ed N. by Louisa co. E. by Goochland co. S. by 
James river, and W. by Albemarle co. Pop. 
8,221, of whom 3,791 are slaves. Chief town, 
Columbia. 

FOGLESVILLE, v. Lehigh co. Pa. 

FOIN, Point An, in St. Lawrence river, the 
first above liver a la Vielle Galette, in Edwards- 



ville to New Orleans. It was laid out in 1818, j burg, Upper Canada. 



on an elevated plain 100 feet above the river, 
and is well supplied with water. It lies op- 
posite a fine island in the river, between which 
and the town is the usual channel for boats, 
and is one mile above the mouth of Cypress 
creek, which also affords a good harbor ; 60 m. 
N. by E. from Cotton-gin-port. 

FLORENCE, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 500. 

FLORIDA, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 30 m. 
NNE. from Lenox. Pop. 454. 

FLORIDA, v. in Warwick, N. Y. 4| m. 
from the village of W arvvick. It has about 70 
houses, a church, and an academy. 

FLORIDA, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on the 
Mohawk, 11 m. S. from Johnstown, 35 NW. 
from Albany. Pop. 2,838. It contains 5 
churches. 

FLORIDA, v. Orange co. N. Y. 

FLORIDA, t. Highland co. Ohio. 

FLORIDA, Cape, the most easterly point of 
Florida. Lon. 80° 37' W. ; lat. 25° 44' N. 

FLORIDA, Gulf of, the channel between 
the peninsula of Florida and the Bahama 
islands, N. of the island of Cuba, and through 
which the gulf stream passes. 

FLORIDA KEYS, or Martyr's Island, a 
number of rocks and sand banks at the S. ex- 
tremity of E. Florida. The great sand bank 
extends from the peninsula of Florida inward 
to the Gulf of Mexico, in the form of a hook. 

FLORIDA TERRITORY, see page 150. 

FLORISSANT, v. Miso. on N. side of the 
Missouri, 12 m. above Belie Fontaine, 15 from 
St. Louis. It is a French settlement. 

FLOUGHERTY'S CREEK, Va. flows into 
the Youghiogeny r. a little below the Great 
Crossings. It passes within a mile of Wills' 
creek, a water of the Potomac. 

FLOW ERTOWN, or White Marsh, t. Mont- 
gomery co. Pa. on the Schuylkill, 12 m. N. from 
Philadelphia. Pop. 1,328. 

FLOYD, co. Ken. Pop. 4,266. Chief town, 
Prestohville. It is in the E. part of the state. 

FLOYD, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 6 in. E. from 
Rome, 10 N. from Utica. Pop. 1,699. Iron 
ore is found here. 

FLOYD, co. In. opposite Louisville, Ken. 
bounded bv the Ohio river SE. Harrison S. and 
SW. Washington NW. Scott N. and Clarke 
NE. ; about 20 m. square. Pop. 6,363. Chief 
towns, New Albany and Jeffersonville. 

FLOYDSBURG, on Floyd's Fork, Jefferson 



FOND DU LAC, a large bay at the W. end 
of Lake Superior, which receives the river St. 
Louis. The American Fur Company have an 
establishment on the river, 21 m. above its 
mouth. 

FORBES' PURCHASE, a tract of land in 
Florida, including nearly the whole of the 
country between the Apalachicola and the Oke- 
lochonne rivers, and extending S. to the Gulf 
of Mexico. It comprehends some of the best 
lands in Florida. 

FORDS, v. Amity co. Mississippi. 

FORD'S ISLAND, small isl. in the Atlan 
tic, near the coast of South Carolina. Lon. 
79° 5' W. ; lat. 33 3 14' N. 

FORDSVILLE, v. on Pearl river, in Marion 
co. Mississippi, 160 m. SE. by E. from Natchez, 
and 80 NNE. from New Orleans. 

FORELAND, South, remarkable point of 
U. C. projecting into Lake Erie, and usually 
called Point Pele. It lies opposite to Huron 
county, Ohio. 

FORESTERTON, v. Burlington co. N. J. 
15 m. E. from Philadelphia, and 11 S. from 
Burlington. 

FORKED DEER, r. Ten. which runs into 
the Mississippi, between Obrien and Hatchy 
rivers. 

FORKS, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,659. 

FORKS, v. Richland co. S. C. 

FORK SHOALS, Greenville co. S. C. 

FORK'S OIL CREEK, v. Crawford co. Pa 
340 m. from W. 

FORSTER'S HARBOR, bav, in Hudson's 
Strait. Lon. 73° 30' W. ; lat. 62° 18' N. 

FORT AMANDA, fort, Ellen co. Ohio, on a 
branch of the Auglaize. 49 m. NK from Green, 
ville, 129 N. from Cincinnati. 

FORT ANN, t. Washington co. N. Y. on 
Lake George, 10 m. N. from Sandyhill, 60 N 
from Albany. Pop. 2,911. The village is on 
Wood creek, at the head of navigation, and 
contains about 40 houses. At this spot stood 
Fort Ann, often mentioned in the history of 
American wars. 

FORT ARMSTRONG, military post, U. S. 
on Eock Island, at the foot of rapids in the 
Mississippi, 2 m. above the mouth of Rock r. 
400 above St. Louis. In its neighborhood are 
a large body of Indians, of the Sack and Fox 
tribes, who are warlike, and well furnished 
with horses and fire-arms. 



FOR- — FOR 



269 



FORT BLOUNT, or Williamsburg, v. 
Smith's co. Ten. 

FORT BROWN, fort, Paulding co. Ohio, 
16 m. S. from Fort Defiance. 

FORT BROWN, at the head of Green Bay, 
of Lake Michigan, and on the left bank of Fox 
river. Lon. from W. 10° 30' W.; lat. 44° 18' N. 

FORT CHARTRES, fort, Illinois, in the 
American bottom, built by the French, at the 
expense of a million and a half dollars. The 
ruins still remain, \ of a mile from the Missis- 
sippi, and 20 m. from Kaskaskia. 

FORT CHIPPEW YAN, N. A. on Athapes- 
cow Lake. Lon. 110° W. ; lat. 58° N. 

FORT CHURCHILL, fort, and settlement, 
on the W. coast of Hudson's Bay. Lon. 95° 
W. ; lat. 58° 50' N. 

FORT CLAIBORNE, t. Monroe co. Ala. on 
the E. side of the Alabama, at the head of nav- 
igation, 60 m. above its junction with the Tom- 
bigbee, 25 E. from St. Stephens. 
_ FORT CLARKE, fort, Illinois, on the W. 
side of Illinois river. Lat. 40° 40' N. 

FORT COVINGTON, t. Franklin co. N. Y. 
on St. Lawrence river, at the mouth of Salmon 
creek, 235 m. IM. from Albany. Pop. 2,901. 

FORT CRAWFORD, on the point made by 
the confluence of the Mississippi and Ouiscon- 
sin rivers, and about 5 m. above their junction, 
in Prairie du Chien. It is a very important 
frontier station, and trading establishment. 
Lon. from W. 13° 50' W. ; lat. 43° 5' N. 

FORT CRAWFORD, v. Conecuh co. Ala. 
on Murder creek, branch of Conecuh river, 45 
m. NNE. from Pensacola, and 60 m. E. from 
Fort Stoddart. 

FORT CREVECOEUR, fort, on the coast 
of Florida. Lon. 85° 30' W. ; lat. 29° 51' N. 

FORT CULONGE, fort, L. C. on the Otta- 
wa river, 170 m. W. from Montreal. 

FORT DEARBORN, military post of the 
U. S. on the S. side of Chicago river, \ a mile 
from its entrance into Lake Michigan, 20 m. 
from the S. end of the lake, and 220 from Fort 
Howard. Lat. 41° 53' 11" N. 

FORT DEFIANCE, fort, Williams co.Ohio, 
at the junction of the Auglaize and Maumee 
rivers, 50 m. SW. from Fort Meigs, and 16 N. 
from Fort Brown. 

FORT DEFIANCE, v. Wilkes co. N. C. 

FORT EDWARD, t. in Argyle, Washing- 
ton co. N. Y. on the Hudson, near the great 
bend, 16 m. from Lake George, 22 from Lake 
Cham plain, 50 N. from Albany. Pop. 1,816. 
The New York Northern canal from Lake 
Champlain opens into the Hudson at this place, 
through a lock. 

FORT FERREE, fort, Ohio, in Upper San- 
dusky, on Sandusky river, 40 m. S. from Fort 
Stephenson. 

FORT FINDLEY, v. Logan co. Ohio, on 
the route from Urbanna to Fort Meigs, Ohio, 
20 m. N. from Fort Necessity. 

FORT GADSDEN, Florida, on the left bank 
of Chatahoochee river, near the point where 
that stream spreads into several channels. 
Lat. 33° 15' N. 

FORT GAINES, Geo. fort, on the E. side of 
Chatahoochee r. between lat. 31° and 32° N. 



FORT GEORGE, v. and fort, in Newark, 
Lincoln co. U. C. on Niagara river, J a mile 
from its mouth. The bank of the river, at the 
site of the fort, is 34 feet high. 

FORT GEORGE, v. in Caldwell, Warren 
co. N. Y. at the S. end of Lake George, 59 m. 
N. from Albany. The ruins of the old fort are 
still to be seen. It was built of stone, and 
stood near Fort William Henry. 

FORT GEORGE, isl. on the E. coast of 
Florida, N. from the entrance of St. John's r. 

FORT GRATIOT, military post, Michigan 
territory, on St. Clair river, which defends the 
entrance into Lake Huron. It stands a little 
below the mouth of the lake. 

FORT GREENVILLE, fort, Darke co. Ohio, 
about 33 m. NW. from Dayton. A treaty with 
the Indians was concluded here in 1795. 

FORT HAMILTON, fort, Butler co. Ohio, 
on the Great Miami. 

FORT HARRISON, t. and cap. Sullivan co. 
Indiana, on the E. side of the Wabash, 65 m. 
above Vincennes. 

FORT HAWKINS, t. Jones co. Geo. on a 
healthy spot, about 1 m. E. from Oakmulgee 
river, and 30 W. from Milledgeville. 

FORT HOWARD, a military post of the 
U. S. in Green Bay Settlement, Michigan Ter- 
ritory, at the mouth of Fox river, 184 m. SW. 
from Mackinaw, 220 N. from Chicago, and 
360 by Fox and Ouisconsin rivers to Prairie 
du Chicn. 

FORT INDEPENDENCE, fort, on Castle 
Island, in Boston harbor. 

FORT JACKSON, t. Montgomery co. Ala- 
bama, in the forks of the Coosa and Tallapoosa 
rivers. 

FORT JAMES, fort, Geo. on the W. side of 
the Alatamaha. 

FORT JEFFERSON, v. Darke co. Ohio, 5 
m. S. from Greenville. 

FORT JEFFERSON, Ken. on the Missis- 
sippi. Lon. 89° 46' V/. ; lat. 35° 36' N. 

FORT JENNINGS, fort, Ohio, 18 m. S. 
from Fort Amanda. 

FORT KNOX, fort, In. on White river. 

FORT LAWRENCE, fort, Geo. on the W. 
side of Flint r. 31 m. SW. from Fort Hawkins. 

FORT LIGONIER, fort, Pa. 50 rn. E. from 
Pittsburg. 

FORT LORAMIE, fort, Ohio, on the head 
waters of the Great Miami. Lon. 84° 17' W.; 
lat. 40° 16' N. 

FORT MAC ARTHUR, fort, Logan co. Ohio, 

24 m. N. from Urbanna. 

FORT MACINTOSH, fort, Pa. on the Ohio, 

25 m. NW. from Pittsburg. 

FORT MALDEN, stood on the Detroit r 
above the village of Amherstburg, U. C. The 
fort has been abandoned since the last war be- 
tween Great Britain and the U. S. 

FORT MASSAC, Pope co. II. on the Ohio 
river, 38 m. above its mouth. 

FORT MEIGS, t. Wood co. Ohio, on the 
right bank of Maumee, 80 m. SW. from Detroit. 

FORT MEURON, U. C. station of the Hud- 
son Bay Company, on the N. bank of a river 
which empties into Lake Superior at Fort Wil 
liam, 20 m. below. 



270 



FOR— FOW 



FORT MIAMI, fort, Ohio, on the Maumee. 
Lon. 84° 56' W. ; lat. 41° 20' N. 

FORT MICHELL, or Coweta, on the right 
bank of Chatahooche r. where the road passes 
from Milledgeville to New Orleans, about 100 
m. SW. by W. from Milledgeville. 

FORT MILLER, v. Washington co. N. Y. 
on the bank of the Hudson river, 10 m. below 
Sandy Hill, and 38 N. from Albany. 

FORT MIRO, fort, Louisiana, on the Wa- 
chitta. Lat. 32° 32' N. 

FORT MONTGOMERY, v. and fort, Mont- 
gomery co. Ala. near the Alabama r. about 12 
m. ENE. from Fort Stoddart. 

FORT MOOSE, fort, at the S. extremity of 
James' Bay, in Hudson's Bay, at the mouth 
of Moose river. 

FORT OSAGE, on the Missouri, 330 m. 
above its mouth. 

FORT PETITE COQUILLES, fort, La. on 
Lake Pontchartrain. It is an important post. 

FORT PICKERING, Shelby co. Ten. at 
Chickasaw Bluff, below the mouth of Wolf r. 

FORT PLAIN, v. Montgomery co. N. Y. 
on the right bank of Mohawk r. at the mouth 
of Otsequaga creek, 78 m. NW. by W. from 
Albany. 

FORT PORTAGE, fort, U. C. on the Otta- 
wa river, 120 m. W. from Montreal. 

FORT PORTAGE, Ohio, 18 m. S. from 
Fort Meigs. 

FORT RECOVERY, Mercer co. Ohio, on 
a branch of Wabash river, 23 m. NNW. from 
Greenville. 

FORT ROYAL, capital of the island of 
Granada. 

FORT ROYAL, fort, on the W. coast of 
Martinico Island. 

FORT ROYAL, s-p. Jamaica, on the S. side 
of the island, in which a thousand sail of ships 
could anchor with the greatest convenience 
and safety. It once contained 2,000 houses ; 
but, in June 1692, a dreadful earthquake buri- 
ed nine-tenths of it eight fathoms under water. 
They, however, rebuilt the town ; but about 10 
years after, it was laid in ashes by a terrible 
fire, and in 1722, one of the most dreadful hur- 
ricanes ever known reduced it a third time to 
a heap of rubbish. Though once a place of 
the greatest wealth and importance in the 
West Indies, it is now reduced to three streets, 
a few lanes, and about 200 houses. It still 
contains, however, the royal navy -yard, the 
navy hospital, and barracks for a regiment of 
soldiers. The fortifications are kept in excel- 
lent order, and are remarkably strong. It is 
10 m. SW. from Kingston. Lon. 77° W. ; 
lat. 17° 50' N. 

FORT SENECA, v. Seneca co. Ohio, 93 m. 
a little W. of N. from Columbus. 

FORT ST. CLAIR, Preble co. Ohio, quar- 
ter of a mile S. from Eaton. 

FORT ST. JEAN DE ULOA, on a rocky 
island at the mouth of the harbor of Vera Cruz, 
state of Vera Cruz, Mexico. 

FORT ST. JUAN, fort, Mexico, in New 
Leon, on the del Norte. Lon. 101° W.; lat. 
29° N. 



FORT ST. MARY, fort, Louisiana, on E. 
side of the Mississippi, 6 m. SE from New 
Orleans. 

FORT ST. MARY'S, Ohio, near the sour- 
ces of St. Mary's river, 23 m. N. from Fort 
Loramie. 

FORT ST. PHILIP, fort and v. Plaquemine 
co. Louisiana. It is situated at the Plaque- 
mine bend on the Mississippi, 30 m. above 
Fort Balize. 

FORT SMITH, or Belle Point, U. S. fort 
and the seat of justice of Crawford co. Arkan- 
sas, on the S. side of the Arkansas at the junc- 
tion of the river Poteau. The Arkansas is 
navigated by steam-boats from its mouth to 
this place, a distance of more than 500 m. 

FORT STANWIX, fort, in Rome, N. Y. 
built in 1758 by the British, at the expense of 
$256,400, and rebuilt from a heap of ruins in 
the revolutionary war, and called Fort Schvy- 
ler. Its ruins are now to be seen near the 
village of Rome, between the waters of the 
Mohawk and Wood creek. 

FORT STEPHENSON, military post, Ohio, 
on W. side of the Sandusky, at the settlement 
of Lower Sandusky, 18 m. from the mouth of 
the river. 

FORT STODDART, v. and fort, Baldwin 
co. Alabama, on W. side of the Mobile, 44 m. 
above its entrance into Mobile Bay, and 1,036 
from W. 

FORT STOTHER, St. Clair co. Ala. on the 
right bank of Coosa river, 20 m. SE. from St. 
Clairsville. 

FORT WASHINGTON, v. on the left bank 
of Potomac river, and on the point above the 
mouth of Piscataway creek, Prince Georges 
co. Md. 15 m. below W. 

FORT WAYNE, v. Randolph co. In. by 
postroad 175 m. NNE. from Indianapolis, 157 
NW. from Columbus in Ohio. 

FORT WILLIAM, U. Canada, station of 
the NW. Fur Company, on the N. bank of the 
Kaminiticuvia, which is here half a mile wide, 
and empties into Lake Superior, a mile below 
the fort. Lat. 48° N. 

FORT WILLIAMS, Ala. on the E. side of 
the Coosa, in the country of the Upper Creeks, 
about 60 m. above Fort Jackson. 

FORTUNE, bay, in the S. coast of New 
foundland, inclosed by Miquelon Island, and 
Point May. 

FOSTER, t. Providence co. R. I. 18 m. W. 
from Providence, 453 from W. Pop. 2,672. 
Here are several cotton manufactories. 

FOSTER'S FERRY, v. Sussex co. N. J. 

FOTHER ING A Y, v. Montgomery co. Va. 

FOUCAULT, Seigniory, Bedford co. L. C. 
between Missisque Bay, the N. boundary of 
the U. S. and Richelieu river. 

FOUCHE DE THOMAS, t. Arkansas. 

FOULKSTOWN, v. Columbiana co. Ohio. 

FOUL WE ATHER , Cape, NW. coast of 
America. Lon. 236° 4' W. ; lat. 44° 49' N. 

FOWLER, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. Pop. 
in 1820, 605; in 1830, 1,447. 

FOWLER, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 12 m; 
NE. from Warren. 



FOU — FRA 



271 



FOURCHE AU CADO, branch of Washi- 
tau river, entering from the left. It rises be- 
tween Washitau proper, and Little Missouri. 

FOUR CORNERS, v. Huron co. Ohio. 

FOUR CORNERS, v. Oswego co. N. Y. 14 
m. from Rotterdam, 329 from W. 

FOUR CORNERS, v. Lincoln co. Me. 

FOUR MILE BRANCH, v. Barnwell dis- 
trict, S. C. 

FOUR MILE CREEK, r. Kentucky, which 
runs into the Ohio. 

FOXBOROUGH, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 26 m. 
SSW. from Boston. Pop. 1,099. 

FOX CAPE, Pacific coast of N. America. 
Lat. 54° 45' N. 

FOX CREEK, r. which rises in Albany co. 
N. Y and runs into the Schoharie river in the 
town of Schoharie. Length, 17 m. 

FOXCROFT, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 82 m. 
NNYV. from Castine, 270 NE. from Boston. 
Pop. 677. 

FOX ISLANDS, small islands on the S. side 
of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 

FOX ISLANDS, in the centre of Penob- 
scot Bay, Maine. They contain about 10,000 
acres, and constitute the town of Vinalhaven. 

FOX LOACS GROVE, t. Limestone co. 
Ala. 269 m. N. from Cahawba. 

FOX RIVER, r. Canada, which empties 
into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 

FOX RIVER, r. which runs into the Wa- 
bash, 15 m. above its mouth. 

FOX RIVER, NW. Territory, U.S. which 
runs through Lake Winnebago, and flows NE. 
into Green Bay. It is connected with the 
Ouisconsin by a portage of 4 m. 

FOX RIVER, r. Indiana, which runs into 
the Theakiki. 

FRAMINGHAM, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 
22 m. WSW. from Boston, 415 from W. Pop. 
2,213. Here are an academy, and a cotton 
manufactory. 

FRAMPTON, t. Dorchester and Hertford 
cos. L. C. between Cranbourne and Ialliet, 30 
m. SE. from Quebec. 

FRANCESTOWN, t. Hillsborough co.N.H. 
12 m. NW. from Amherst, 496 from W. Pop. 
1,540. It is a considerable town, and contains 
two valuable quarries of soap-stone. 

FRANCIS, v. St. Genevieve co. Miso. 

FRANCIS, St. a tributary stream of the 
great river Mississippi, rising in the state of 
Missouri, in the lat. of 37° 45' N. running 
parallel with the Mississippi on the W. at the 
distance of about 40 m. and enters it after a 
course of about 220 m. 45 m. above the en- 
trance of the Arkansas. 

FRANCIS, St. a river of Lower Canada, 
rising in Lake Memphremagog, which spreads 
into the state of Vermont. 

FRANCIS, Point, cape, on the NW. coast 
of America. Lat. 48° 44' N. 

FRANCISBURG, v. Union co. Ken. 240 m. 
from Frankfort. 

FRANCOIS, River, U. C. runs SW. from 
Lake Nepking into Lake Huron ; it has sev- 
eral portages ; that nearest to Lake Nepising 
is called Portage de Trois Chaudiers, in length 
about half a mile. 



FRANCOIS, v. Wayne co. Miso. 
FRANCOIS, Cape, fine town in the N. part 
of the island of St. Domingo, belonging to the 
French, who often call it the Cape, by way of 
eminence. It was almost ruined by the dread- 
ful commotions which attended the French 
revolution. 

FRANCONIA, t. Grafton co. N. H. 28 m. 
NE. from Haverhill. Pop. 443. There are 2 
manufactories of iron in this town. 

FRANCONIA, t. Montgomery co. Pa. 
Pop. 800. 

FRANKFORD, t. Sussex co. N. J. border- 
ing on Newtown. 

FRANKFORD, t. Cumberland co. Pa. 
FRANKFORD, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. on 
a small creek, which runs into the Delaware, 
1J m. below. It is 5 m. NE. from Philadel- 
phia. Pop. 1,637. It has a number of manu- 
facturing establishments, and is a pleasant vil- 
lage. The Friends have here an Asylum for 
the Insane, with a spacious and commodious 
building. 

FRANKFORT, v. Greenbrier co. Va. ; 74 
m. from Christiansburg. 

FRANKFORT, t. Hampshire co. Va. on a 
creek which runs into the Potomac, 13 m. 
NW. from Romney, 4 S. of the Potomac. 

FRANKFORT, t. Waldo co. Me. on the W. 
side of Penobscot river, at the head of water 
navigation ; 26 m. N. from Castine, 12 S. from 
Bangor. Pop. 2,487. 

FRANKFORT, t. Herkimer co. N- Y. on 
the Mohawk. Pop. 2,620. 

FRANKFORT, t. Franklin co. Ken. the 
political metropolis of the state, is situated on 
the N. bank of the Kentucky, 60 m. above its 
entrance into the Ohio. The environs of the 
beautiful plain, on which the town is built, are 
remarkable for their romantic and splendid 
scenery. The river divides the town into 
Frankfort and South Frankfort, which are 
connected by a bridge across the Kentucky, 
which here flows between banks 4 or 500 feet 
in height. Both divisions contain about 2,000 
inhabitants. The State House is entirely of 
marble, with a front presenting a portico sup- 
ported by Ionic columns, the whole having an 
aspect of magnificence. It contains the cus- 
tomary legislative halls, and apartments for 
the Court of Appeals, and the Federal Court. 
The stair- way under the vault of the dome has 
been much admired. The penitentiary in 
general contains over 100 convicts, and is one 
of the few establishments of the kind in the 
U. States the income from which exceeds the 
expenses. Its other public buildings are three 
churches, an academy, and county court-house. 
It has a number of respectable manufacturing 
establishments, among which are three manu- 
factories of cotton-bagging, a rope-walk, a cot- 
ton factory, two large ware-houses, and the 
usual number of corresponding establishments. 
It is at the head of steam-boat navigation, 
having 3 or 4 steam-boats in regular employ, 
when the stage of water in the river admits ; 
and is a place of considerable commercial en- 
terprise. The public inns are on a respectable 
footing ; and it is a place of much show and 



272 



FRA — FRA 



gaiety. The houses in particular are singu- 
larly neat, many of them being built of the 
beautiful marble furnished by the banks of 
the river. Sea-vessels have been built here, 
and floated to New Orleans. It is situated 212 
m. from Nashville, 806 from New Orleans, 20 
NW. from Lexington, 149 from Indianapolis, 
252 from Vandalia, 550 from Washington, 321 
from St. Louis, and 85 from Cincinnati. Pop. 
1,987. 

FRANKFORT, v. Beaver co. Pa. 

FRANKFORT, v. and seat of justice, Mor- 
gan co. Va. on Patterson's creek, a branch of 
Potomac ; 12 m. from Cumberland in Md. 

FRANKFORT, v. Franklin co. II. ; 47 m. 
NW. by W. from Shawneetown, and 65 SE. 
by E. from Kaskaskia. 

FRANKFORT, t. Guernsey co. Ohio; 15 
m. E. from Cambridge. 

FRANKLIN, co. Vt. on Lake Champlain. 
Pop. 24,525. Chief town, St. Albans. 

FRANKLIN, t. Franklin co. Vt.; 96 m. 
NE. from Burlington. Pop. 1,129. 

FRANKLIN, co. Mass. on both sides of 
Connecticut river, N. of Hampshire co. Pop. 
29,344. Chief town, Greenfield. 

FRANKLIN, t. Norfolk co. Mass.; 8 m. 
SW. from Dedliam, 26 SW. from Boston. Pop. 
1,662. 

FRANKLIN, t. New London co. Ct. on the 
W. side of the Shetucket, adjoining Norwich. 
Pop, 1,200. 

FRANKLIN, co. N. part of N. Y. ; bounded 
N. by Canada, E. by Clinton and Essex cos. 
S. by Essex and Hamilton cos. and W. hy 
St. Lawrence co. Pop. 11,332. Chief town, 
Malone. 

FRANKLIN, t. Delaware co. N. Y. on the 
Susquehannah, N. of Delhi ; 346 m. from W. 
Pop. 2,775. 

FRANKLIN, co. NW. part of Ala. on the 
S. side of Tennessee river. Pop. 11,078. 

FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP, Gloucester co. 
N. J. 

FRANKLIN, t. Bradford co. Pa. 

FRANKLIN, t. Somerset co. N. J. 

FRANKLIN, t. Bergen co. N. J. 

FRANKLIN, co. S. part of Pa. ; bounded 
NE. by Cumberland co. E. by Adams co. S. 
by Maryland, and W. by Bedford and Mifflin 
cos. Pop. 35,103. Chief town, Chambers- 
burg. 

FRANKLIN, t. York co. Pa. 

FRANKLIN, t. Adams co. Pa. 

FRANKLIN, t. and cap. Venango co. Pa. 
at the junction of French creek with the Al- 
leghany ; 25 m. SE. from Meadville, 63 N. 
from Pittsburg, 237 from W. The celebrated 
Oil Springs are 11 m. NE. of this town. They 
rise from the bed of Oil creek, and afford an 
inexhaustible supply of oil. 

FRANKLIN, t. Franklin co. Pa. 

FRANKLIN, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. 

FRANKLIN, t. Fayette co. Pa. 

FRANKLIN, t. Greene co. Pa. 

FRANKLIN, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. 

FRANKLIN, co. S. part of Va. ; bounded 
NW. by Bottetourt co. NE. by Bedford co. E. 
by Pittsylvania co. S. by Henry and Patrick 



cos. and W. by Montgomery co. Pop. 14,911. 

Chief town, Rocky Mount. 

FRANKLIN, t. Pendleton co. Va. on S. 
branch of the Potomac; 35 m. SW. from 
Moorfield, 55 N. from Bath, 190 from W. 

FRANKLIN, t. Russell co. Va.; 20 m. 
WNW. from Abingdon. 

FRANKLIN, co. N. part of N. C. Pop. 
10,665. Chief town, Louisburg. 

FRANKLIN, co. central part of Ohio Pop. 
14,716. Chief towns, Franklinton and Co- 
lumbus. 

FRANKLIN, t. Warren co. Ohio, on the 
Great Miami ; 10 m. NW. from Lebanon, 34 
N. by E. from Cincinnati. 

FRANKLIN, t. Portage co. Ohio. 

FRANKLIN, t. Ross co. Ohio. 

FRANKLIN, co. N. part of Ken. Pop. 
9,251. Chief town, Frankfort. 

FRANKLIN, co. West Tennessee. Pop. 
15 £44 Chief town, Winchester. 

FRANKLIN, v. Havwood co. N. C. 

FRANKLIN, t. and cap. Williamson co. 
Ten. on the Harpath ; 17 m. SSW. from Nash- 
ville, 767 from W. Pop. about 2,000. It is a 
pleasant town, and one of the largest and 
most flourishing in the state. It contains the 
county buildings, a bank, and a printing-office, 
where a newspaper is published. 

FRANKLIN, co. SE. part of Indiana. 
Pop. 10,199. Chief town, Brookville. 

FRANKLIN, t. St. Mary's parish, La. ; 150 
m. from New Orleans. Lon. 91° 58' W. lat 
30° V N. 

FRANKLIN, co. II. Pop. 4,081. Chief 

town, Frankfort. 

FRANKLIN, co. Ala. Pop. 11,078. Chief 
town, Russell ville. 

FRANKLIN, co. Miso. Pop. 3,484. Chief 
town, Union. 

FRANKLIN, t. and cap. Howard co. Miso. 
on the Missouri; 160 m. from St. Louis. 

FRANKLIN, co. NW. part of Georgia. 
Pop. 10,135. Chief town, Carnesville. 

FRANKLIN, co. Mississippi. Pop. 4,622. 
Chief town, Franklin. 

FRANKLIN, t. Attakapas co. La. ; 1,327 
from W. 

FRANKLIN CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs 
SE. into the Great Miami, below Franklin. 

FRANKLIN, t. Jackson co. Ohio. 

FRANKLIN, t. Stark co. Ohio. 

FRANKLIN, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. 

FRANKLIN, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. 

FRANKLIN, t. Wayne co. Ohio. 

FRANKLIN, t. Licking co. Ohio. 

FRANKLIN, t. Richland co. Ohio. 

FRANKLINTON, t. Franklin co. Ohio, on 
SW. branch of the Scioto, opposite Columbus, 
1 m. distant; 45 m. N. from Chillicothe, and 
419 from W. It is the seat of justice for the 
county. 

FRANKLINVILLE, v. Catauraugus co. 
N. Y. ; 289 m. SW. by W. from Albany. 

FRANKS, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 
1,297. 

FRANKSTOWN, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. on 
Frankstown river; 20 m. SW. by W. from 
Huntingdon. 



PEA— FEE 



273 



FRANKSTOWN-BRANCH, r. Pa. ; the 
NW. branch of the Juniata, rises in Bedford 
co. and joins Raystown-braneh, 2 m. below 
the borough of Huntingdon, and forms the 
Juniata. 

FRARESAU, v. Miso. on the road from St. 
Charles to St. Louis. 

FREDERICA, t. Kent co. Delaware, at the 
forks of Mothcrkill, a branch of Delaware 
river ; 7 m from Milford, 12 E. from Dover. 

FREDERICA, a town of the state of Geor- 
gia, in Glynn co. and the W. side of St. Simon 
Island, with a safe and commodious harbor, 
04 m. SW. of Savannah. Lon. 80° 56' W. lat. 
31° 6' N. 

FREDERICK, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 
1,000. 

FREDERICK, co. Md. on the Potomac. 
Pop. 4-5,793. Chief town, Fredericktown. 

FREDERICK, t. Cecil co. Md. on the Sas- 
safras, opposite Georgetown, 19 m. NE. from 
Chestertown. 

FREDERICK, co. Va. Pop. 26,048. Chief 
town, Winchester. 

FREDERICK HOUSE, a trading station 
in Upper Canada, near the head waters of the 
Ottawa river. Lon. 82° W. lat. 48° 30' N. 

FREDERICK POINT, U. C. is on the E. 
side of Kingston harbor, and on the W. side 
of Haldimand Cove, winch is made by it and 
Point Henry. 

FREDERICKSBURG, t. Spottsylvania co. 
Va. and one of the most flourishing commer- 
cial towns in the state, is regularly laid out, 
on the SW. bank of the Rappahannock river, 
110 m. from its mouth, 57 SW. from W. 66 
N. from Richmond. Lon. 77° 33' W. lat. 38° 
18' N. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, 
2 banks, and 4 houses of public worship. It 
is advantageously situated for trade, near the 
head of navigation on the Rappahannock, in 
the midst of a fertile and w T ell cultivated coun- 
try. Vessels of 130 or 140 tons ascend as far 
as this place, and large quantities of corn, flour, 
tobacco, and other produce, are brought from 
tire surrounding country for exportation. The 
annual value of exports has been estimated at 
84,000,000. Pop. 3,307. 

FREDERICKSBURG, t. Washington co. 
Indiana, on Big Blue river, 20 m. NW. from 
Corydon. 

FREDERICKSBURG, t. Gallatin co. Ken. 

FREDERICKSBURG, t. Lenox co. U. C. 
on the Bay of Quinte, W. of Ernestown. 

FREDERICKTON, or St. Anne, capital of 
New Brunswick, on St. John's river, at the 
head of sloop navigation, about 90 ra. above its 
mouth. 

FREDERICKTOWN, city and cap. Fred- 
erick co. Md. on a branch of Monocasy creek, 
43 m. NNW. from W. 42 W. from Baltimore. 
Lat. 39° 24' N. The public buildings are an 
elegant court-house, a jail, bank, brick market- 
house, academy, and 7 houses of public wor- 
ship. It is a very flourishing town, and has 
considerable trade with the back country. 
Great quantities of leather, shoes, hats, saddles, 
and gloves, are sent to Baltimore. 

2 K 



FREDERICKTOWN, t. Knox co. Ohio, 
7 m. N. from Mount Vernon, 40 NE. from Co- 
lumbus. 

FREDERICKTOWN, t. and cap. Madison 
co. Miso. near St. Michael's. 

FREDERICKTOWN, v. Washington co. 
Pa. on the left bank of Monongahela river, 2 m. 
below the mouth of Ten-Mile creek, and 8 
above Brownsville. 

FREDONIA, v. Chatauque co. N. Y. 45 m. 
from Buffalo, and 45 from Erie, on the road 
between the two latter places, and 4 m. from 
Dunkirk on Lake Erie. 

FREDONIA, v. Crawford co. In. on Ohio r. 
5 m. below the mouth of Great Blue r. and 15 
m. a little S. of W. from Corydon. 

FREEBURG, v. Union co. Pa. 

FREEDOM, t. Waldo co. Me. 28 m. NE. 
from Augusta. Pop. in 1820, 788 ; in 1830, 
869. 

FREEDOM, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 35 m. 

from Albany. 

FREEDOM, v. Baltimore co. Md. 

FREEHOLD, v. Greene co. N. Y. on Cats- 
kill creek, 20 m. NW. from Hudson, and 27 
SSW. from Albany. 

FREEHOLD, or Monmouth, v. and seat of 
justice, Monmouth co. N. J. 15 m. SW. by W. 
from Shrewsbury, and 25 m. SE. by E. from 
Bordentown It is a pleasant place, and has 
an academv. 

FREEMAN, t. Somerset co. Me. 40 m. NW. 
from Norridgewock. Pop. in 1820, 517; in 
1830, 724. 

FREEMAN'S STORE, v. Jones co. Geo. 
14 m. W. from Milledgeville. 

FREEPORT, t. Cumberland co. Me. 20 m. 
NE. from Portland. Pop. 2,623. 

FREEPORT, v. Armstrong co. Pa. on the 
right bank of Alleghany river, at -the mouth 
of Buffalo creek, 15 m. below Kittaning, and 
26 above Pittsburg. 

FREEPORT, t. in the south-west angle of 
Harrison co. Ohio. 

FREETOWN, t. Bristol co. Mass. left side 
of Taunton river, 40 m. S. of Boston. Pop. 
1,909. 

FREETOWN, t. Cortlandt co. N. Y. Pop. 
in 1820, 663 ; in 1830, 1,051. 

FRENCH BROAD RIVER, one of the 
sources of Tennessee river. It rises in South 
Carolina, and crossing the western part of 
North Carolina, enters Tennessee through a 
breach in the mountain, and joins the Holston, 
11 m. above Knoxville. It is navigable for 
boats nearly the whole of its course in Ten- 
nessee. About 30 miles from its mouth is a 
large medicinal warm spring. 

FRENCH GRANT, v. Scioto co. Ohio, 106 
m. S. from Columbus. 

FRENCH CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into 
the Alleghany, 80 m. N. by E. from Pittsburg. 
It was the usual French route from Lake Erie 
to the Ohio. 

FRENCH CREEK, t. Mercer co. Pa. 

FRENCH CREEK, t. Venango co. Pa. 

FRENCH CREEK, r. Ken. which runs 
into the Ohio. 



274 



FRE — GAL 



FRENCH CREEK, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. 
200 m. NW from Albany. 

FRENCH CREEK, rises in Berks co. Pa. 
and flowing- SE. enters Chester co. falls into 
Schuylkill river, 10 m. above Norristown. 

FRENCH CREEK, r. rises in Chatauque 
co. N. Y. enters Pa. in Erie co. and continuing 
by comparative courses to Meadville, there re- 
ceives the Cassawago, turns to NE. 25 m. and 
unites with the Alleghany river at Franklin. 
It is navigable as high as the mouth of Bceuf 
creek, 5 m. S. from Waterford. 

FRENCHMAN'S BAY, Me. lying between 
Mount Desert Island and the peninsula of 
Goldsborough. It communicates with Blue- 
hill Bay. 

FRENCH MILLS, now Fort Covington, t. 
Franklin co. N. Y. on Salmon river, 8 m. E. 
from St. Regis. 

FRENCH MILLS, t. Onslow co. N.C. 158 
m. SE. from Raleigh. 

FRENCH RIVER, r. Upper Canada, which 
rises in Lake Nepising, and after a course of 
75 miles, enters Lake Huron, in lat. 45° 53' N. 

FRENCH, r. which rises in Mass. and joins 
the Quinebaug in Thompson, Ct. 

FRENCHTON, v. Dinwiddie co. Va. 

FRENCHTOWN, landing, Cecil co. Md. 
on the E. side of Elk r. 1 m. S. from Elkton. 

FRENCHTOWN, t. Monroe co. Michigan 
territory. 

FRENCH VILLAGE, v. II. 5 m. E. from 
St. Louis. 

FRENEUSE, lake, N. Brunswick, through 
which St. John river passes. 

FRESNILLO, t. Mexico, 30 m. NW. from 
Zacatecas. Lon. 101° 58' W.; lat. 23° 22' N. 

FRIENDLY COVE, harbor in Nootka 
Sound, on the NW. coast of America. 

FRIENDSHIP, t. Lincoln co. Me. 30 m. E. 
from Wiscasset. Pop. 634. 

FRIENDSHIP, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. SW. 
of Angelica. Pop. 1,502. 

FRIENDSHIP, v. Anne Arundel co. Md. 

FRIENDSVILLE, v. Susquehannah co. 
Pa. 

FROBISHER'S STRAITS, little north of 
Cape Farewell, and West Greenland, discover- 
ed by Sir Martin Frobisher. Lon. 42° W. 
lat. 63° N. 

FROG'S POINT, or Frog's Neck, West- 
chester co. N. Y. on Long Island Sound, 9 m. 
NE. from Haerlem Heights. 

FRONTINAC, co. Upper Canada, on Lake 
Ontario. 

FRONTROYAL, v. Frederick co. Va. 

FRUITSTOWN, t. Lycoming co. Pa. 

FROSTBURG, v. Alleghany co. Md. situ- 
ate on the national road, 10 m. W. from Cum- 
berland. This is perhaps the most elevated 
town in the U. States, being, according to Mr. 
Schriver, 1792 feet above tide-water in Chesa- 
peake Bay. This village is 145 m. from W. 

FRUITSTOWN, t. Columbia co. Pa. 15 m. 
N. from Danville 

FRYBURG, t. Oxford co. Me. and the seat 
of an academy; lying on the N. branch of 
Saco river, 58 m. NW. of Portland. Pop. in 
1820, 1,057 ; in 1830, 1,353. 



FRYINGPAN SHOALS, off Cape Fear r. 
N. C. 

FUERTE RIO, r. Mexico, in Sonora, flows 
into the Gulf of California. 

FULLENWIDERS, t. Lincoln co. N. C. 
194 m. SW. by W. from Raleigh. 

FULLERTON, Point, cape, on the W. coast 
of Antigua. Lon. 61° 35' W. ; lat. 17° 13' N. 
It is also the name of a cape in Hudson's Bay. 
Lon. 88 3 20' W.; lat. 64° 10' N. 

FULLING-MILLS, v. Kent co. R. I. 

FULLMOON SHOAL, shoal of cape Hat. 
teras, N. C. having 10 or 12 feet at low water. 

FULTON, v. Rowan co. N. C. 137 m. by 
postroad from Raleigh. 

FULTON, t. Sumpter district, S. C 49 in. 
from Columbia. 

FULTON, C. H. Fulton co. II. 96 m. from 
Vandalia. 

FUNDY, Bay of, North America, between 
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Its en- 
trance is between Cape Sable, the SW. point 
of Nova Scotia, and Mount Desert Island on 
the coast of Maine. The tides in the Bay of 
Fundy have an extraordinary rise. At the 
entrance of the bay they are only of the ordi- 
nary height, about 8 feet ; but at Lubec, com- 
mon tides rise 25 feet ; at St. John, 30 ; and at 
the head of the bay 60 feet. The tides here 
are so rapid as to overtake and sweep off ani- 
mals feeding on the shore. 

FUNKSTOWN, or Jerusalem, t. Washing- 
ton co. Md. on Antietam creek, 2| m. SW. 
from Elizabethtown. 

FURNACE, v. Litchfield co. Ct. 58 m. a 
little N. of W. from Hartford. 

FURRY'S TOWN, t. Jamaica, in St. James 
co. 20 m. NE. from Savannah la Mer. 

G. 

GAINES, t. Orleans co.N. Y. on Lake On- 
tario ; 30 m. W. from Rochester, 18 N. from 
Batavia. Pop. 2,121. 

GAINESVILLE, t. Genesee co. N. Y. ; 24 
m. S. from Batavia. Pop. 1,934. 

GALEN, t. Seneca co. N. Y. on the Erie 
canal, immediately N. of Junius. It contains 
the village of Clyde. Here are salt-works. 
Pop. 2,979. 

GALLATIN, t. Columbia co. N. Y. ; 19 m. 
SE. from Hudson. The Ancram iron-works 
in this town are very extensive, and the iron 
is highly prized. The ore is obtained from 
the neighboring town of Salisbury, Ct. 

GALLATIN, t. and cap. Sumner co. W. 
Ten. ; 27 m. NE. from Nashville. Here is an 
academy. 

GALLATIN, co. Ken.; bounded N. by 
Ohio river ; E. by Grant, SE. by Grant and 
Owen, and SW. by Henry. Length 35 m. 
mean width 10. Chief town, Port William 
Pop. 6,680. 

GALLATIN, co. IL ; bounded by Wabash 
river E. and SE. Pope S. Franklin W. and 
White N. Length 36 m. mean width 33. 
Chief town, Shawneetown. Pop. in 1820, 3,155 
in 1830, 7,407. 

GALLATIN, v. Copiah co. Mississippi ; 36 
m. from Monticello. 



GAL — GEO 



275 



GALLATIN'S RIVER, one of the three 
forks of the Missouri, joins the main stream 
in Ion. 110° 5' W. ; lat. 45° 15' N. 

GALLIA, co. Ohio ; bounded by the Ohio 
river E. and SE. Lawrence SW. Jackson NW. 
and Meigs N. Length 36 m. width 24. Pop. 
9,733. Chief town, Gallipolis. 

GALLIPOLTS, t. and cap. Gallia co. Ohio, 
on Ohio river ; 57 m. SE. from Chillicothe, 102 
SE. from Columbus. It contains a court-house, 
jail, and academy. It was settled in 1790 
by a French colony. Pop. 755. Lat. 38° 
50' N. 

GALLOWAY, t. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 
1,659. 

GALVESTON, v. La. on the Iberville at its 
confluence with Amite river, 18 m. from Don- 
aldsonville, 25 SE. from Baton Rouge. Lat. 
30° 20' N. 

GAL WAY, t. Saratoga co. N. Y.; 8 m. 
W. from Ballston, 31 from Albany. Pop. 
2,710. 

GARDINER, t. Kennebeck co. Me. on the 
W. bank of Kennebeck river, opposite Pitts- 
town. Cobbeseconte river runs through this 
town, and for more than a mile has a contin- 
ued succession of falls on which are erected 
various manufacturing establishments. The 
Gardiner Lyceum is established here, and 
went into operation in January, 1823. It is 
novel in its design, being intended to fit young 
men to become farmers and mechanics. In- 
struction is given in the various branches of 
natural science, and their application to prac- 
tical purposes. The term of study is 3 years. 
It is 6 m. S. from Augusta. Pop. 3,709. 

GARDINER'S BAY and ISLAND, at the 
E. end of Long Island, N. Y. Lon. 72° 15' 
W.; lat. 41° 3' N. The island is 7 m. long. 
It was settled in 1639 by Lyon Gardiner, 
and is now the property of one of his de- 
scendants. 

GARDNER, t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 25 m, 
N. from Worcester, 58 NW. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,023. 

GARLAND, t. Penobscot co. Me.; 28 m. 
NW. from Bangor. Pop. 621. 

GARRARD, co. Ken.; bounded by Rock- 
castle SE. Lincoln SW. Mercer NW. Ken- 
tucky river, or Jessamine N. and Madison 
NE. Length 28 m. mean width 8. Chief 
town, Lancaster. Pop. in 1820, 10,851 ; in 
1830, 11,870. 

GASCONADE, r. Miso. which falls into the 
Missouri from the N. 100 m. from its conflu- 
ence with the Mississippi. 

GATES, t. Monroe co. N. Y. at the mouth 
of Genesee river ; 28 m. NW. from Canandai- 
gua. Pop. 2,643. 

GATES, co. N. C. in the NE. part of the 
state. Length 23 m. mean width 11. Pop. 
7,856. Chief town, Hertford. 

GAULEY, r. Va. enters the E. side of the 
Kenhawa, above the falls. 

GEAUGA, co. Ohio; bounded NW. by 
Lake Erie, E. by Ashtabula and Trumbull, S. 
by Geauga, and W. by Cuyahoga. Length 
28 m. width 21. Chief town, Chardon, Pop. 
in 1820, 7,791 ; in 1830, 15,813. 



GEDDYSBURGH, v. in Salina, N. Y. on 
the Erie canal. 

GENESEE, r. rises in Pa. and flowing 
through New York, falls into Lake Ontario, 
affording a good harbor at its mouth. About 
40 m. N. of the Pennsylvania line, there are 
two falls in the river, 1 of 60 and 1 of 90 feet, 
a mile apart. At Rochester there are also two 
falls, 1 of 96 feet, and 1, 3 m. below, of 75 feet- 
Vessels ascend to the falls. 

GENESEE, co. N. Y. ; bounded S. by Al- 
leghany and Cataraugus, W. by Erie and 
Niagara, N.'by Lake Ontario, and E. by Mon- 
roe and Livingston cos. Length 52 m. width 
26. Pop. 51,992. Chief town, Batavia. 

GENESEO, t. and cap. Livingston co. N. Y 
on the Genesee river ; 25 m. W. from Canan 
daigua, 33 S. from Rochester, 35 E. from 
Batavia. Pop. 1,598. 

GENEVA, v. in Seneca township, Ontario 
co. N. Y. on the W. side of Seneca Lake, near 
the outlet ; 16 m. E. from Canandaigua, 95 W. 
from Utica, 192 W. from Albany, 345 from W. 
The lake is here 3 miles wide. It is one of 
the neatest villages in the state. The neigh- 
borhood has a varied and pleasant scenery, 
with many elegant country-seats. The vil- 
lage contains 4 churches, a bank, and a col- 
lege. The college was founded in 1823. It 
has 9 instructors, and a library of 1,500 vols. 
Commencement is on the first Wednesday in 
August. It has 3 vacations : 1st, from com 
mencement, 5 weeks ; 2d, at Christmas and 
New Year, 2 weeks ; 3d, three weeks in 
April. 

GENEVA, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Lake 
Erie ; 10 m. NW. from Jefferson. Pop. 315. 

GENOA, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. on Cayuga 
Lake ; 25 m. S. from Auburn, 180 W. from 
Albany. Pop. 2,585. It has 5 houses of pub- 
lic worship. 

GENOA, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 2,768. 

GEORGE, t. Fayette co. Pa. on the SE. 
side of the Monongahela, at the mouth of 
George creek, 16 m. SW. from Union. It is 
a place of considerable trade. 

GEORGE LAKE, a beautiful lake, 36 m. 
long, and about 2 broad, between Washington 
and Warren counties, N. Y. It communicates 
with Lake Champlain, by an outlet 3 miles 
long, in which distance the water descends 
nearly 100 feet. The lake is surrounded by 
high mountains, and is much celebrated for 
the romantic beauty of its scenery. There are 
numerous small islands in the lake, on some 
of which are found crystals of quartz, of un 
common transparency and perfection of form. 
This lake was conspicuous in the wars of this 
country, and several memorable battles were 
fought on its borders. 

GEORGE, t. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 2,086. 

GEORGE CREEK, r. America, which 
runs into the Potomac, 12 m. SW. from Fort 
Cumberland. 

GEORGETOWN, t. Lincoln co. Me. on the 
Kennebeck ; 15 m. SW. from Wiscasset, 160 
NE. from Boston, 621 from W. Pop. 1,258. 

GEORGETOWN, t. Madison co. N. Y 
Pop. 1,094. 



276 



GEO— GIB 



GEORGETOWN, t. Beaver co. Pa. ; 44 m. 
below Pittsburg-, on the S. side of the Ohio. 
This is a flourishing town, and is a place of 
considerable trade. 

GEORGETOWN, t. and cap. Sussex co. 
Delaware ; 16 m. WSW. from Lewistown, 103 
S. from Philadelphia, 108 from W. It con- 
tains an academy and a bank. 

GEORGETOWN, t. and port of entry, 
Washington co. and District of Columbia, on 
NE. bank of the Potomac, about 200 m. from 
its mouth, and 300 from the capes of Virginia, 
3 m. W. of the Capitol in Washington. It is 
separated from Washington by Rock creek, 
yet from its proximity it appears to the eye to 
make a part of the city. The situation is very 
pleasant, commanding a beautiful view of the 
river, the city of Washington, and the sur- 
rounding country. The houses are principally 
built of brick, and many of them are elegant. 
On the hills near the town there are several 
elegant country-seats. The situation is very 
healthy, and the water excellent. It is a flour- 
ishing town, and a place of considerable trade. 
Pop. 8,441. A canal from the Potomac to the 
Ohio begins at this place. Georgetown Col- 
lege, situated here, is a Catholic institution, 
under the direction of the Incorporated Catho- 
lic Clergy of Maryland. It was first incor- 
porated in 1799. It has two spacious edifices, 
and a library containing 7,000 volumes. The 
number of students ranges from 140 to 175. 
Here is likewise a large nunnery, called the 
Convent of Visitation. It was founded by the 
late most Rev. Archbishop Neale, in 1798. 
The number of nuns varies from 50 to 70. 
Attached to this institution is a large and 
flourishing Female Academy. The boarding 
school contains 100 young ladies, under the 
instruction of the nuns. 

GEORGETOWN, v. Kent co. Md. on the 
Sassafras river, 65 m. SW. from Philadelphia. 

GEORGETOWN, district of S. C. ; bound- 
ed by the Atlantic ocean SE. by Santee river 
or Charleston SW. by Williamsburg NW. and 
by Marion and Horry NE. Length 36 m. 
mean width 25. Chief town, Georgetown. 
Pop. 1820, 17,603; in 1830, 19,943. 

GEORGETOWN, v. seaport, and seat of 
justice, Georgetown district, S. C. near the 
head of Winy an Bav, 60 m. NE. from Charles- 
ton. Lat. 33°21'N. Pop. about 2,000. Ves- 
sels drawing 11 feet water pass up to the town. 
It has a fine back country, watered by the 
Great Pedee. It contains several places of 
public worship, a bank, and the ordinary build- 
ings necessary for- a county town. 

GEORGETOWN, v. Warren co. Geo, on 
the left side of Ogeechee river, 60 m. from 
Savannah, and 35 above Louisville. 

GEORGETOWN, t. and seat of justice, 
Scott co. Ken. on the left bank of North Elk- 
horn creek, 15 m. E. from Frankfort. It con- 
tains a court-house, bank, printing-office, and 
several places of public worship. Lat. 38° 14' 
N. ; Ion. 7° 28' W. from W. Pop. 1,344. 

GEORGETOWN, v. Harrison co. Ohio, 6 
,m. SE. from Cadiz. 

GEORGETOWN, v. Dearborn co. In. 



GEORGETOWN CROSS-ROADS, v. Kent 
co. Md. ; 1 m. S. from Georgetown, D. C. 

GEORGETOWN ENTRANCE, the mouth 
of the Great Pedee river, on the coast of South 
Carolina. 

GERMAN, t. Chenango co. N. Y.; 15 m. 
W. from Norwich, 115 W. from Albany. Pop. 

884. 

GERMAN, t. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 2,900. 
GERMAN, t. Clarke co. Ohio. 
GERMAN, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. 
GERMAN, t. Cape Girardeau co. Miso. 
GERMAN FLATS, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 
on the S. side of the Mohawk ; 5 m. S. from 
Herkimer, 75 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,466. 
In this town stood Fort Herkimer, mentioned 
in the history of American wars. The Ger- 
man Flats are an extensive tract of alluvial 
land, on both sides of the Mohawk, in this 
town and in Herkimer. Though it has been 
cultivated nearly 100 years, it has lost none 
of its fertility. 

GERM ANNA, v. on Rapid Ann river, in 
the NE. angle of Orange co. Va. ; 72 m. SW. 
from W. and 81 N. from Richmond. 

GERMANTOWN, t. Columbia co. N. Y. 
on Hudson river, 12 m. below Hudson. Pop. 
967. 

GERMANTOWN, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. ; 
6 m. N. from Philadelphia. Pop. 4,642. It 
contains 4 churches, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for 
German Calvinists, 1 for Lutherans, and 1 for 
Friends. The houses are chiefly of stone, 
some of them large and elegant, and built 
principally on one street, about 2 m. in length. 
The inhabitants are mostly Germans and 
Dutch. Here is the principal congregation of 
the Menonists. The battle of Germantown 
was fought here on the 4th of October, 1777. 
In this village is situated Mount Airy College, 
an institution justly celebrated. The rail-road 
from Philadelphia to Norristown passes through 
this place. 

GERMANTOWN, t. Hyde co. N. C. on 
a bay in Pamlico Sound ; 108 m. from Ra 
leigh. 

GERMANTOWN, t. Stokes co. N. C. on 
the Town Fork of the Dan. It contains a 
court-house, fail, and about 40 houses. 

GERMANTOWN, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 
13 m. S. from Dayton. 

GERMANY, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 1,272. 
GERRY, t. Chatauque co. N. York. Pop 
1,110. 

GETTYSBURG, t. and cap. Adams co. 
Pa. on Rock creek, one of the sources of the 
Monocasy, 36 m. from Williamsport, Md. 52 
from Baltimore, 118 W. from Philadelphia. 
Pop. 1,473. It contains a court-house, jail, 
bank, and printing-office, from which a news- 
paper is issued. 

GHENT, t. Columbia co. N. Y. Pop. 2,790. 
GHENT, t. Gallatin co. Ken. on the Ohio, 
opposite Vevay. 

GIANT OF THE VALLEY, mt. Eliza- 
bethtown, N. York, 1,200 feet high. 

GIBBONSVILLE, v. in Watervliet, N. Y 
Here is a U. S. arsenal. 

GIBSON, t Clearfield co. Pa. Pop. 300. 



GIB— GOL 



277 



GIBSON, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. Pop. 
1,000. 

GIBSON, co. in the SW. part of Indiana. 
Pop. 5,417. Chief town, Princeton. 

GIBSON, co. in the western part of Ten. 
Pop. 5,801. Chief town, Trenton. 

GIBSONPORT, t. and cap. Claiborne co. 
Mississippi, on Pierre bayou, 30 m. above its 
entrance into the Mississippi, 45 m. from 
Natchez, 1.154 from W. 

GIBSON CREEK, runs into the N. side 
of the Missouri, in Ion. 106° 30' W. ; lat. 
47° N. 

GILEAD, t. Oxford co. Me. ; 30 m. WNVV 
from Paris. Pop. 377. 

GILES, co. W. part of Va. ; bounded NE. 
by Greenbrier and Monroe cos. SE. by Mont- 
gomery co. SW. by Tazewell co. and NW. by 
Kenhawa co. Pop. 5,298, of whom 470 are 
slaves. 

GILES, co. on N. side of West Tennessee. 
Pop. 18,920. Chief town, Pulaski. 

GILFORD, t. Strafford co.N.H. on SW. side 
of Lake Winnipiseogee ; 28 ra. NNE. from 
Concord, 55 NW. from Portsmouth. This town 
was formed from the N. part of Gilmanton. 
It is connected with Meredith by a bridge, at 
which there is a considerable village. Pop. 
1,872. 

GILL, t. Franklin co. Mass. on W. side of 
the Connecticut ; 3 m. ENE. from Greenfield. 
Pop. 864 

GILLORI, island near the coast of Missis- 
sippi, at the mouth of the Mobile, near Dau- 
phin's Island. 

GILMANTON, t. Strafford co. N. H. ; 19 
m. NNE. from Concord, 50 NW. from Ports- 
mouth, 523 from W. Pop. 3,816. It con- 
tains a court-house, a number of ' respectable 
manufacturing establishments, an academy, 
and several houses of public worship. The 
Court of Common Pleas for the county is held 
alternately at Gilmanton and Rochester, and 
the Superior Court at Dover. 

GILMANTON, Lower, v. in the township 
of Gilmanton. 

GILSUM, t. Cheshire co. N. H. ; 6 m. N. 
from Keene. Pop. 642. 

GLASGOW, t. and cap. Barren co. Ken. ; 
61 m. ENE. from Russellville, 148 SW. from 
Lexington, 66 from W. Pop. 617. It is a 
flourishing town, situated in a fertile country, 
and contains the county buildings and a bank. 

GLASGOW, New, t. Amherst co. Va. ; 
about 20 N. by E. from Lynchburg. 

GLASSBOROUGH,v. Gloucester co. N. J.; 
20 m. SE. from Philadelphia. Here is a con- 
siderable glass manufactory. 

GLASTENBURY, t. Bennington co. Vt. ; 
11 m. NE. from Bennington. Pop. 52. 

GLASTENBURY, t. Hartford co. Ct. on 
E. side of the Connecticut, opposite Wethers- 
field; 6 m. SSE. from Hartford. Pop. 2,980. 
It is a pleasant town, and contains an academy. 

GLENNS, v. Gloucester co. Va. ; 159 m. 
from W. 

GLENVILLE, v. in Queensbury, Washing- 
ton co. N.Y. on the Hudson at Glenn's Falls ; 



3 m. W. from Sandy Hill. A weekly news- 
paper is published here. Glenn's Falls present 
a beautiful and picturesque scenery. The de- 
scent is 28 feet in 3 rods. Here is a bridge 
across the river. 

GLESE, r. La. which runs into the Mis- 
sissippi. 

GLOUCESTER, t. and s-p. Essex co. Mass. 
on Cape Ann, at N. extremity of Massachu- 
setts Bay; 16 m. NE.. from Salem, 30 NE. 
from Boston, 469 from W. Pop. 7,513. It 
contains a bank, an insurance office, and 2 
public libraries, the largest of which contains 
about 700 volumes. It is divided into five 
parishes, in each of which is a Congregational 
meeting-house. The harbor is very open and 
accessible for large ships, and it is one of the 
most considerable fishing towns in the state. 
The harbor is defended bv a battery. 

GLOUCESTER, t. Providence co. R. I. in 
the NW. corner of the state, having Massa- 
chusetts on the N. and Connecticut on the W 
Pop. 2,524. 

GLOUCESTER, small village, Gloucester 
co. N. J. on the E. bank of the river Delaware, 
3 m. below Philadelphia. Pop. 2,159. 

GLOUCESTER, co. N. J. bounded by the 
Atlantic Ocean SE. Cape May, Cumberland, 
and Salem cos. SW. Delaware r. NW. and by 
Burlington co. NE. ; length 40 m. breadth 20. 
Chief towns, Woodbury, Gloucester, and Cam- 
den. Pop. 28,431. 

GLOUCESTER, co. Va. bounded E. by 
Mock Jack Bay, SE. and SW. by York river, 
NW. by King and Queen, and NE. by Mid- 
dlesex and Matthews ; length 20, mean width 
16 m. Chief town, Gloucester. Pop. 10,608, 
of whom 5,691 are slaves. 

GLOUCESTER, C. H. Gloucester co. Va. 
80 m. E. from Richmond. 

GLOUCESTER FORT, or Point au Pins, 
U. C. the first point on the north shore in the 
narrows leading from Lake Superior towards 
the falls of St. Mary. 

GLOUCESTER TOWNSHIP, U.C. in the 
county of Dundas ; it lies eastward of and ad- 
joining the river Radeau. 

GLOUCESTER FACTORY, establish- 
ment of the Hudson's Bay Company, on a 
branch of Albany river. Lat. 51° 30' N. 

GLOVER, t. Orleans co. Vt. 35 m. NNE. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 902. 

GLO YDSBOROUGH, v. Hampshire co. Va. 

GLYNN, co. Geo. bounded by the Atlantic 
Ocean on the SE. Camden co. or Little St. Ilia 
river SW. Wayne co. NW. and Alatamaha 
river NE. ; length 20 m. width 20. Chief town, 
Brunswick. Pop. in 1820, 3,418; in 1830, 
4,467. 

GNADENHUTTEN, t. Tuscarawas co. 
Ohio, on the E. side of the Muskingum, 11 m. 
S. from New Philadelphia. 

GOFFSTOWN, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 
on the W. side of the Merrimack, at Amos- 
keag falls, where is a bridge across the river, 
15 m. S. from Concord, 13 NNE. from Am- 
herst. Pop. 2,213. 

GOLCONDA, t. Pope co. II. on the Ohio. 



278 



GOL — GRA 



GOLDSBOROUGH, t. Hancock co. Maine, 
40 m. E. from Castine, 188 NE. from Portland. 
Lat. 44° 19' N. Pop. 880. 

GOOCHLAND, co. Va. in the central part 
of the state. Pop. 10,348, of whom 5,706 are 
slaves. 

GOOSEBERRY ISLAND, and Rocks, off 
Cape Ann, Mass. 

GORDONSVILLE, v. Smith co. Ten. 6 m. 
from Carthage, and 56 NNE. from Murfrees- 
borough. 

GORDONSVILLE, v. Orange co. Va. 2 m. 
from which is Springhill academy, a very re- 
spectable institution. 

GORHAM, t. Cumberland co. Maine, 9 m. 
NW. from Portland. It contains an academy 
and two churches, round which is a consider- 
able village. Pop. 2,988. 

GORHAM, t. Ontario co. N. Y. 8 m. E. 
from Canandaigua, 10 W. from Geneva. It con- 
tains 2 churches, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for 
Presbyterians. Pop. 2,977. 

GOSFIELD, t. Essex co. U. C. on Lake 
Erie, W. from Mersea. 

GOSHEN, t. Addison co. Vt. 31 m. SW. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 555. 

GOSHEN, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 12 m. 
NW. from Northampton, 112 W. from Boston. 
Pop. 606. 

GOSHEN, t. Litchfield co. Ct. on the Green 
Mountain range, 6 m. NW. from Litchfield, 
32 W. from Hartford. Pop. 1,732. It is famous 
for its cheese* 

GOSHEN, t. and half-shire, Orange co. N.Y. 
20 m. W. from Westpoint, 63 N. from New 
York. P^o. 3,361. The village is pleasantly 
situated, and contains the court-house, jail, 
bank, academy, and 2 or 3 printing-offices. 

GOSHEN, v. Cape May co. N. J. 104 m. S. 
from Trenton. 

GOSHEN, West, t. of Chester co. Pa. about 
5 m. E. from Downingtown, on the creek of 
Brandy wine and head of Chester creek. Pop. 
1,600, including the borough of West Chester. 
Chief town, West Chester. 

GOSHEN, v. Loudon co. Va. on the road 
from Washington to Winchester, 35 m. from 
Washington. 

GOSHEN, v. Lincoln co. Geo. about 40 m. 
above Augusta. 

GOSHEN, t Clermont co. Ohio, 18 m. NW. 
from Williamsburg. 

GOSHEN, t of St. Clair co. Illinois. 

GOSHEN MILLS, v. on Seneca creek, 
Montgomery co. Md. by postroad 32 m. NW. 
from W. 

GOSPORT, t. Norfolk co. Va. on Elizabeth 
liver, 1J m. S. from Norfolk. Here is one of 
the United States' navy yards. 

GOUVERNEUR, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 
20 m. S. from Ogdensburg, 192 NW. from Al- 
bany. Pop. 1,552. 

GOVERNADOR, r. Florida, runs intoPen- 
6acola Bay. 

GOVERNOR'S ISLAND, isl. in Boston 
harbor, Mass. 2 m. E. from Boston. It contains 
about 70 acres, and has a pleasant and com- 
manding situation. Fort Warren, which has 



2 crescent batteries, with heavy guns, is on 
this island. 

GRAFTON, t. Grafton co. N. H. 30 m. NW. 
from Concord. Pop. 1,207. 

GRAFTON, t. Windham co. Vf. 22 m. S. 
from Windsor. Pop. 1,439. 

GRAFTON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 8 m. 
SE. from Worcester. Pop. 1,889. 

GRAFTON, co. W. part of N. H. bounded 
NE. by Coos co. E. by Strafford co. S. by Hills- 
borough and Cheshire cos. and W. by Vermont. 
Pop. in 1820, 32,989 ; in 1830, 38,691. Chief 
towns, Haverhill and Plymouth. 

GRAFTON, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 11 m. 
E. from Troy. Pop. 1,681. 

GRAINGER, co. Ten. between Clinch and 
Holston rivers ; bounded by Jefferson SE 
Knox SW. Claiborne NW. and Hawkins 
NE. ; length 30 m. mean width 12 ; area 360 
sq. ms. Surface hilly, and soil sterile, except 
along the margin of the streams. Chief town, 
Rutledge. Lat. 36° 15' N. ; Ion. from W. 6° 
40' W 

GRANADA, island in the West Indies, the 
principal of the Grenadines; situated in Ion. 
from W. 5° 40' E. and between 11° 55' and 
12° 23' N. lat. It is the last of the Windward 
Caribbees, and 30 leagues NW. of Tobago. 
The chief port, called Lewis, is on the W. side, 
in the middle of a large bay, with a sandy 
bottom, and is very spacious. 

GRANADA, t. of N. America, in the prov- 
ince of Nicaragua, seated on the Lake Nicara- 
gua. The inhabitants carry on a great trade 
by means of the lake, which communicates 
with the Atlantic Ocean. It is 54 m. SE. of 
Leon. Lon. from W. 8° 46' W.; lat. 12° 5' N. 

GRANBY, t. Essex co. Vt. 60 m. NE. from 
Montpelier. Pop. 97. 

GRANBY, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 9 m. 
ESE. from Northampton, 90 W. from Boston. 
In this town and South Hadley there are ex- 
tensive open plains and fields, on which are 
annually raised for market large quantities of 
rye. Pop. 1,064. 

GRANBY, t. Hartford co. Ct. 17 m. NW 
from Hartford. Pop. 2,730. 

GRANBY, t. Oswego co. N. Y. Pop. 1,423. 

GRANBY, t. Lexington district, S. C. on 
the Congaree, opposite Columbia. 

GRAND ISLE, isl. N. Y. in the Niagara, 
4 m. above the falls. It contains 48,000 acres. 
It belongs to the town of Buffalo. 

GRAND ISLE, co. NW. part of Vt. It is 
composed of islands in Lake Champlain.' the 
largest are North and South Hero. Pop*, 
3,696. 

GRAND LAKE, or Chilnucook Lake, on 
E. side of Maine, at the sources of the St 
Croix. 

GRAND PRE, Seigniory, St. Maurice co. 
L. C. on Lake St. Peter, 18 m. W. from Three 
rivers. 

GRAND RIVER, of Ohio, rises in Trum- 
bull co. and flowing about 10 m. nearly N. 
enters Ashtabula co. and continuing N. about 
20 m. turns nearly at right angles and enters 
Geauga co. in which it falls into Lake Erie at 



GRA— GRE 



279 



Fairport, after an entire comparative course of 
50 m. See Painsville and Fairport. 

GRAND RIVER, or Nipigon River, U. C. 
falls into Lake Superior from the N. a little E. 
opposite Keweena point. 

GRANT, co. Ken. bounded by Owen S. Gal- 
latin W. Boone N. and Pendleton E.; length 
20 m. mean width 13. Pop. in 1820, 1,805 ; 
in 1830, 2,987. Chief town, Williamstown. 

GRANVILLE, t. Hampden co. Mass. 14 m. 
WSW. from Springfield. Pop. 1,652. 

GRANVILLE, t. Washington co. N. Y. 12 
m. SE. from Whitehall, 60 NE. from Al- 
bany. It contains 3 villages, an academy, and 
5 churches, It is watered by Pawlet and In- 
dian rivers, on which are many mills. In this 
town is a..quarry of good marble. Pop. 3,882. 

GRANVILLE, co. N. C. bounded N. by 
Va. E. by Warren and Franklin cos. S. by 
Wake, and W. by Orange and Person ; length 
30 m. mean width 23. Chief town Oxford. Pop. 
in 1820, 18,216 ; in 1830, 19,343. 

GRANVILLE, v. Monongahela co. Va. 329 
m. NW. from W. 

GRANVILLE, t. Licking co. Ohio, 27 m. 
NE. from Columbus, 32 W. from Zanesville. 
It has a bank. 

GRASS, r. N. Y. runs into the St. Law- 
rence, opposite St. Regis island, after a course 
of 125 m. In Canton it is connected by a 
natural canal with the Oswegatchie. 

GRATIS, t. Preble co. Ohio. 

GRATISTOWN, t. Dauphin co. Pa. 

GRAVESEND, t. Kings co. Long-Island, 
N. Y. on the sea-coast, 4 m. S. from Flatbush, 
9^ S. from New- York. Gravesend beach is a 
frequent resort for parties of pleasure from the 
city. Pop. 565. 

GRAY, t. Cumberland co. Me. 20 m. N. from 
Portland. Pop. 1,575. 

GRAYSON, co. Va. bounded SW. by N. C. 
NW. by Washington and Wythe, NE. by 
Montgomery, and SE. by Patrick ; length 70 
m. mean width 13. 

GRAYSON, co. Ken. between Green river 
and Rough creek, bounded S. by Warren, SW. 
by Butler, W. by Ohio co. N. by Breckenridge, 
NE. by Hardin, and E. by Hart ; length 36 
m. mean width 16|. 

GREAT BAY, N. H. the W. branch of the 
Piscataqua ; receives Exeter and Lamprey 
rivers, and unites with the main branch of the 
Piscataqua at Hilton's point, 5 m. above Ports- 
mouth. 

GREAT BARRINGTON, t. Berkshire co. 
Mass. about 23 m. W. of Springfield, on the 
river Connecticut. Pop. 2,276. 

GREAT BEND, t Susquehannah co. 

GREAT VALLEY, t. Cataraugus co. N. Y. 
Pop. 647. 

GREAT WORKS, r. Penobscot co. Me. 
flows into the E. side of the Penobscot, 2 m. 
below the great falls. 

GREECE, v. Monroe co. N. Y. W. from 
Genesee river, and 7 m. NNW. from Rochester. 

GREEGVILLE, v. Loudon co. Va. 25 m. 
W. from W. 

GREEN, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. 

GREEN, t. Clark co. Ohio. 



GREEN, t. Franklin co. Penn. on both sides 
of the road from Shippensburg to Chambers- 
burg. Pop. 2,200. 

GREEN, co. of Ohio, bounded by Clinton 
and Warren S. Montgomery W. Clark N. 
Madison NE. and Fayette E. ; length 24 m. 
breadth 18. Chief town Xenia. Pop. in 1820, 
10,529 ; in 1830, 15,084. 
GREEN, t. Clinton co. Ohio. 
GREEN, t. Fayette co. Ohio. 
GREEN, t. of Gallia co. Ohio. 
GREEN, t. in Harrison co. Ohio. 
GREEN, t. of Richland co. Ohio. 
GREEN, t. of Ross co. Ohio, on the E. side 
of Scioto river. 

GREEN, t. of Scioto co. Ohio, on Ohio 
river. 

GREEN, v. and t. Stark co. Ohio. 
GREENE, co. N. Y. bounded E. by Hud- 
son river, S. by Ulster, W. by Delaware, NW. 
by Schoharie, and N. by Albany ; length 32 
m. mean width 30. Chief town Catskill. 

GREENE, t. Kennebec co. Maine, 24 m. 
SW. from Augusta. Pop. 1,324. 

GREEN BAY, or Bay Puan, a large bay 
on the W. side of Lake Michigan. It extends 
from the N. end of the lake 90 miles, in a SW. 
direction, and is 15 or 20 miles wide. Across 
its entrance is a chain of islands, called the 
Grand Traverse, which shelters the bay from 
the winds that often blow with violence across 
the lake. Several of the channels between 
them are of sufficient depth to admit vessels 
of 200 tons burthen, which traverse the bay 
and ascend Fox river several miles. Green 
bay abounds with fish, particularly sturgeons 
and white fish. It has several small bays, the 
principal of which is Sturgeon's bay. The 
principal rivers which it receives, are Fox and 
Menominy. 

GREENBRIER, co. of Va. bounded by 
Nicholas, E. Monroe SE. Kenhawa river, or 
Giles SW. Kenhawa NW. and Randolph NE. 
length 50 m. mean width 24. Chief town, 
Lewisburg. Pop. in 1820, 7,040; in 1830, 
9,015. 

GREENSBOROUGH, t Orleans co. Vt. 27 
in. NNE. from Montpelier. Pop. 784. 

GREENSBOROUGH, t. Caroline co. Md. 
on the W. side Choptank creek, 7 m. N. from 
Danton, 22 SE. from Chester. 

GREENSBURG, t. and bor. Westmoreland 
co. Pa. on a branch of Sewicky creek, one of 
the sources of the Youghiogeny, 30 m. SE. 
by E. Pittsburg 75 from Bedford. Pop. 871- It 
contains a court-house, jail, bank, academy, 
and a German Calvinist church. 

GREENSBURG, t. Beaver co. Pa. 10 m. 
N. from Beaver town. Pop. 1,291. Here is an 
academy. 

GREENSBURG, v. West-Chester co. N. Y. 
20 m. N. from the city of N. Y. 

GREENSBURG, t. and cap. Greene co. Ken. 
on Green river, 69 m. W. from Lexington, 95 
E. from Russellville, 79 from Frankfort, and 
493 from W. It contains a court-house, jail, 
and bank. Pop. 665. 

GREEN BUSH, v. Windsor co. Ver. 68 m 
S. from Montpelier. 



280 



GRE— GRO 



GREEN BUSH, opposite the city of Albany, 
and in Rensselaer co. N. Y. Pop. 3,216. 

GREEN CASTLE, v. Franklin co. Penn. 
11 m. S. of Chambersburg, and the same dis- 
tance N. of Hagerstown, Md. Pop. 1,400. 

GREEN CASTLE, v. Fairfield co. Ohio, 10 
m. NW. from New Lancaster, and 11 SE. from 
Columbus. 

GREEN CASTLE, v. Putnam co. In. 46 
in. W. from Indianapolis. 

GREEN POINT, cape, Florida, in Pensa- 
cola bay. Lon. 87° 4' W. ; lat. 30° 31' N. 

GREEN RIVER, Ken. rises in Lincoln co. 
and flowing W. joins the Ohio, 200 m. below 
Louisville, 50 above the mouth of the Cumber- 
land. It is 200 yards wide at its mouth, and 
is navigable for boats nearly 200 m. 

GREENUP, NE. co. Ken. bounded N. by 
Ohio, E. by Big Sandy river, S. by Lawrence, 
W. by Fleming, and NVV. by Lewis ; length 
43 m. mean width 14. Pop. 5,853. Chief 
town, Greenupsburg. 

GREENUPSBURG, v. and seat of justice, 
Greenup co. Ken. on the Ohio river, above the 
mouth of Little Sandy river, and 125 m. NE. 
by E. from Lexington. Lat. 38° 37' N. ; lon. 
from W. 5° 48' W. 

GREENVILLE, t. Greene co. N. Y. on 
Catskill creek, 14 m. NW. from Athens, 25 S. 
from Albany. Here is an academy. 

GREENVILLE, t. Somerset co. Pa. 

GREENVILLE, co. Va. bounded by N. C. 
S. Brunswick, W. Dinwiddie NW. Sussex 
NE. and Southampton E. ; length 22, width 
14 m. Chief town, Hicksford. Pop. 1820, 6858; 
1830, 7,117. 

GREENVILLE, v. Augusta co. Va. 10 m. 
SSW. from Staunton, and 136 m. NW. by W. 
from Richmond. 

GREENVILLE, t. and cap. Pitt co. N. C. 
on the S. bank of Tar river, 110 m. from Ocre- 
cock inlet, 279 from Washington. It contains 
a court-house, jail, and academy. 

GREENVILLE, district, in the NW. part 
of S. C. Pop. 16,476. 

GREENVILLE, t. and cap. Greenville co. 
S. C. on Reedy river, 110 m. N. from Augusta, 
Geo. 110 from Columbia. The . air is cool 
and healthful, and many persons from the low 
country of Carolina and Georgia reside here 
in summer. 

GREENVILLE, t. Darlington co. S. C. on 
the W. side of Great Pedee river, 55 ENE. 
from Camden, 90 NE. from Columbus. 

GREENVILLE, t. and cap. Green co. Ten. 
on the head waters of French Broad river, 26 
m. W. from Jonesboro', 81 E. from Knoxville, 
273 from Nashville, 454 from W. The village 
contains a court-house, jail, printing-office, 
Presbyterian meeting-house, and about 150 
dwelling-houses. A few miles S. of the village 
is Greenville college, a flourishing institution, 
incorporated in 1794. It has a library of about 
4000 volumes. Commencement is on the third 
Wednesday of Sept, 

GREENVILLE, t. and cap. Muhlenburg 
co. Ken. 35 m. NNW. from Russellvifle, 180 
from Lexington, 177 from Frankfort, and 715 
from W Pop. 219. 



GREENVILLE, t. and cap. Jefferson, Miss. 
21 m. NE. from Natchez. 

GREENVILLE, t. and cap. Dark co. Ohio, 
80 m. N. from Cincinnati, 86 W. from Colum- 
bus. Lon. 84° 32' W. ; lat. 40° 2' N. In Aug 
1795, a famous treaty was held here by general 
Wayne, on the part of the U. S. with the In 
dians. 

GREENVILLE, co. U. C. bounded on the 
E. by the co. of Dundas, on the S. by the river 
St. Lawrence, and on the W. by Elizabeth- 
Town. Greenville comprehends all the islands 
near to it in the river St. Lawrence. It sends 
one representative to the provincial parliament. 

GREENVILLE CREEK, tributary of the 
SW. branch of Miami river, running E. past 
old fort Greenville. One mile above its mouth 
and 17 below Greenville, it has a perpendicu- 
lar fall of 15 feet. 

GREENWICH, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 20 
m. E. from Northampton, 75 W. from Boston. 
Pop. 813. 

GREENWICH, t. Fairfield co. Ct. on Long 
Island Sound, in SW. corner of the state, 14 
m. WSW. from Norwalk, 45 WSW. from New 
Haven. Lat. 41° V N. Pop. 3,805. 

GREENWICH, t. Washington co. N. Y. 8 
m. W. from Salem, 37 N. from Albany. Pop. 
3,850. It contains 2 houses of public worship, 
1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists ; an 
academy, a distillery, and extensive cotton and 
woollen manufactories. 

GREENWICH, t. Cumberland co. N. J. 10 
m. SW. from Bridgeton. Pop. 900. 

GREENWICH, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the 
Delaware, 5 m. NE. from Easton. Pop. 2,710. 

GREENWICH, t. Gloucester co. N. J. on 
E. side of the Delaware, 6 m. S. from Phila- 
delphia. Pop. 3,000. 

GREENWICH, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,104. 

GREENWICH, East, t. and cap. Kent co. 
R. I. on NW. part of Narraganset Bay, 16 m. 
S. from Providence, 22 NNW. from Newport. 
Pop. 1,591. It contains a court-house, a jail, 
an academy, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 
for Presbyterians, and 1 for Friends, and is a 
place of some trade. 

GREENWICH, West, t. Kent co. R. I. on 
W. side of East Greenwich, 20 m. SW. from 
Providence. Pop. 1,817. 

GREENWOOD, t. Oxford co. Me. Pop. 694. 

GREENWOOD, t. Mifflin co. Pa. W. of the 
Susquehannah. Pop. 1,097. 

GREENWOOD, t. Cumberland co. Pa. on 
W. side of the Susquehannah. Pop. 1,300. 

GREGSTOWN, v. Somerset co. N. J. on the 
Millstone, 6 rn. NE. from Princeton. 

GRIERSBURG, t. Beaver co. Pa. Here is 
an academy. 

GRIMSBOYS, t. Fauquier co. Va. 

GRINDSTONE FORD, v. Claiborne co. 
Mis. 1,212 m. from W. 

GROS ISLE, island of the territory of Mi- 
chigan, in Detroit river, near its discharge 
into Lake Erie. 

GROTON, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 10 m. S. by 
W. from Danville, 20 E. from Montpelier. 
Pop. 836. 

GROTON, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. 



GRO — HAC 



281 



GROTON, t. Grafton co. N. H. 9 m. W. 
from Plymouth. Pop. 689. Here is an iron 
■furnace for casting hollow ware. 

GROTON, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 10 m. S. 
from Amherst, 34 NW. from Boston. Pop. 
1,925. This is a very pleasant town, has an 
academy, and is a place of considerable busi- 
ness. 

GROTON, t. New London co. Ct. on E. side 
of the Thames, opposite New London. Pop. 
4,750. Fort Griswold, which defends the har- 
bor of New London, is in this town. 

GROVEHILL, v. Warren co. N. C. 75 m. 
NNE. from Raleigh. 

GROVEL AND, v. Livingston co. N. Y. on 
Genesee river, 30 m. SW from Canandaigua. 
Pop. 1,300. 

GUADALOUFE, on of the Leeward Carib- 
bee Islands, in the West Indies, between An- 
tigua and Dominica, in Ion. 62° W. and lat. 
16° 20' N. The island, which is of an irreg- 
ular figure, may be about 80 leagues in cir- 
cumference. It is divided into two parts by a 
small arm of the sea, which is not above two 
leagues, and from 15 to 40 fathoms broad. 
This canal, known by the name of the Salt 
River, is navigable, but will only carry vessels 
of 50 tons burden. The soil is exceedingly 
good, and well watered near the sea, by rivulets 
which fall from the mountains. The French 
settled in this island in 1632, in whose posses- 
sion it still remains. Bassaterre is the capital. 

GUADALOUPE, r. of the republic of Mex- 
ico, in Texas, falls into the Gulf of Mexico, 
after a course of about 200 m. Its mouth is 
180 m. W. from that of the Sabine. 

GUANAXUATO, state of the republic of 
Mexico, bounded by Jalisco W. by Xacatecas 
and San Luis Potosi, N. by Queretaro E. and 
by Mechoacan S. ; length and breadth nearly 
equal, each about 80 m. ; area 6,255 sq. ms. ; 
lying between 20° 30' and 21° 10' N. This 
state is situated entirely on the table-land, and 
is the most populous region of the republic. 
The whole state is supposed to be above 5,000 
feet above the level of the sea. The mine of 
Valenciana, near the city of Guanaxuato, is 
the most productive ever yet discovered. The 
products of the state are considerable in objects 
of agricultural and manufacturing industry. 

GUANAXUATO, capital of the preceding 
state, stands 170 m. NW. from the city of 
Mexico. Lon. from W. 23° 50' W. ; lat. 21° N. 
Pop. about 90,000. 

GUANHANI, or Cat Island, one of the Ba- 
hama Islands, the first land of America discov- 
ered by Columbus, in 1492, and named by him 
St. Salvador. Lat 24° 20' N. 

GUATEMALA, or Central America. See 
page 161. 

GUATEMALA, city, the capital of the 
above republic, stands on a little stream called 
the Yacas, flowing into the Pacific. It is in 
lat. 14° 40' N. and lon. 91° 25' W. It is hand- 
somely built, with regular streets and many 
elegant public buildings. It was greatly dam- 
aged in 1830 by an earthquake. Previous to 
that event it contained 40,000 inhabitants. 
2L 



GUILDERLAND, t. Albany co. N. Y 
WNW. from Albany. Pop. 2,742. 

GUILDHALL, v. and seat of justice, Essex 
co. Vt. on Connecticut river, opposite Lancas- 
ter. Pop. 481. It is 78 m. from Montpelier, 
and 564 from W. 

GUILFORD, t» Penobscot co. Me. 145 m. 
NE. from Portland. Pop. 655. 

GUILFORD, t. Strafford co. N. H. on Win- 
nipiseogee river, 38 m. N. from Concord. 
Pop. 1,872. 

GUILFORD, t. Windham co. Vt. 50 m. S. 
from Windsor. Pop. 1,760. 

GUILFORD, t. New Haven co. Ct. 18 m. 
E. by S. from New Haven, on Long Island 
Sound. Pop. 2,344. 

GUILFORD, v. between Unadilla, and Che- 
nango rivers, Chenango co. N. Y. 10 m. SSE. 
from Norwich. 

GUILFORD, co. N. C. bounded by Ran- 
dolph S. Rowan and Stokes W. Rockingham 
N. and Orange E. Length 26 m. width 25. 
Chief town, Martinsville. Pop. 18,735. 

GUILFORD, C. H. Guilford co. N. C. 48 m. 
NW. from Hillsborough ; the scene of a hard 
fought battle between the Americans under 
Gen. Greene, and the British under Lord Corn- 
wallis, March 15th, 1781. 

GUILFORD VILLAGE, v. Strafford co. 
N. H. 31 m. a little E. of N. from Concord. 

GULL ISLAND, small isl. near the coast 
of N. C. in Pamlico Sound. 

GULL ISLES, Great and Little, two small 
islands on the coast of Connecticut, 8 m. S. 
from New London. 

GUM SPRINGS, v. Orange co. Va. 

GUNPOWDER, v. Baltimore co. Md. 50 
m. from W. 

GUNPOWDER-NECK, peninsula, Hart- 
ford co. Md. formed by Gunpowder and Bush 
rivers. 

GUNPOWDER RIVER, r. Md. runs into 
the Chesapeake, 11 m. N. of the Patapsco. 

GUYANDOT, or Guyandotte, t. Cabell co. 
Va. 423 m. from W. 

GUYANDOT, Big, r. Va. which runs NW. 
into the Ohio, 327 m. below Pittsburg. It is 
navigable for canoes 60 m* 

GUYANDOT, Little, r. Va. which runs 
into the Ohio. 

GUYANDOT, Indian, r. Gallia co. Ohio, 
which runs into the Ohio, nearly opposite to 
Big Guyandot, in Virginia. 

GWINNETT, co. Geo. Pop. 12,220. Law- 
renceville is the capital. 

GWIN'S ISLAND, small island m Chesa- 
peake Bay. Lat. 37° 30' N. 

H. 

HAANE-KRAI-KILL, small r. N. Y. which 
joins the Hudson on W. side at New Baltimore 
landing. 

HABERSHAM, co. Geo. Pop. 10,648. Chief 
town, Clarksville. 

HABOLICHETTO, v. Hancock co. Miso. 

HACKETSTOWN, t. Sussex co. N. J. on 
the Musconecunk ; 22 m. W. from Morristown. 
k HACKINSACK, r. N. J. which rises in 



282 



HAC— HAL 



New- York, and running a southerly course 
4 or 5 miles from the Hudson, mingles with 
the Passaic in Newark bay. It is navigable 
15 m. 

HACKINSACK, t. and cap. Bergen co. 
N. J. on the Hackinsack ■ 20 m. NW. from 
New York, 229 from W. It contains a court- 
house, 2 houses of public worship, and an 
academy. The houses are mostly of stone. 

II ADDA M, t Middlesex co. Ct. on the W. 
bank of the Connecticut; 10 m.SE. from Mid- 
dletown. Pop. 2,830. It is a pleasant and 
considerable town. 

HADDAM (East) t. Middlesex co. Ct. on 
E. bank of tbe Connecticut, opposite Haddam; 
14 m. SE. from Middletown. Pop. 2,763. 

HADDONFIELD, v. Gloucester co. N. J. ; 
6 m. E. from Philadelphia. 

HADDENSVILLE, v. Goochland co. Va. ; 
W. 140. 

HADLEY, t. Hampshire co. Mass. on E. 
side of the Connecticut ; 3 m. NE. from North- 
ampton, 92 W. from Boston. It is connected 
with Northampton by a bridge upwards of 1000 
feet long. A bridge also connects the north 
part of the town with Hatfield. This town is 
noted for the culture of broom-corn, the annual 
sales of which, when manufactured, exceed 
20,000 dollars. Hopkins Academy, in this 
town, is a flourishing seminary. It has a prin- 
cipal, an assistant, and upwards of 100 stu- 
dent*. Pop. 1,886. 

HADLEY, (South) t. Hampshire co. Mass. 
on E. bank of the Connecticut ; 5 m. SE. from 
Northampton, 90 m. W. from Boston. About 
a mile south of the meeting-house there is a 
medicinal spring , considerably resorted to. 
Here is a fall in the river of about 50 feet, 
which is overcome by a dam, 1100 feet long, 
and 4| feet high, and by a canal 712 rods long, 
with 5 locks. About one-third of the whole 
length of the canal is cut through a solid rock 
10 feet deep, and near the locks more than 40 
feet deep for 300 feet in length. Pop. 1,185 

HADLEY, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on W. side 
of the Hudson; 17 m. N. from Ballston Spa. 
Pop. 829. 

HAGARSTOWN, t. and cap. Washington 
co. Md. on Antietam creek, 26 m. NW. from 
Frederick town, 71 NNW. from Baltimore, from 
W. 63. It is regularly laid out, and contains 
a court-house, a jail, a market-house, a bank, 
and several houses of public worship. A great 
part of the houses are built of brick and stone. 
It is situated in a fertile tract of country, and 
has considerable trade. There are a number 
of mills in the vicinity,, on Antietam creek. 
Pop. 3,171. 

HAGUE, v. Westmoreland co. Va. 80 m. 
SE. from W. 

HAGUE, t. Warren co. N. Y. on W. side 
of Lake George ; 22 m. NE. from Caldwell. 
Pop. 721. This town is noted for a remarka- 
ble knob, called Rogers' Rock, which rises from 
the water's edge to the height of 300 feet. 

HAINA, r. St. Domingo, which runs north, 
and falls into Haina bay, 1 2 m. W. of the city 
of St. Domingo. 



HALEY'S BRIDGE, v. Southampton co. Va. 

HALESFORD, v. Franklin co. Va. 150 m. 
SW by W. from Richmond. 

HALEYSBURG, v. Lunensburg co. Va. 

HAL DIM AM), co. of U. C. on Lake On 
tario. 

HALDIMAND, co. Niagara district, Up- 
per Canada. 

HALDIMAND, t. Northumberland co. Up- 
per Canada, on Lake Ontario. 

HALE'S KEY, island in the gulf of Mexi. 
co, near the coast of Florida. Lon. 82° 5' W. ; 
lat. 28° 4' N. 

HALIFAX, t. Windham co. Vt. 50 m. S. 
from Windsor. Pop. 1,562. 

HALIFAX, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 13 m. 
NW. from Plymouth, 35 SE. from Boston. 
Pop. 709. 

HALIFAX, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on the E. 
side of the Susquehannah, 13 m. N. from Har- 
risburg. Pop. 1,772. 

HALIFAX co. Va. Pop. 28,032. Chief 
town. Bannister. 

HALIFAX, co. N. C. Pop. 17,738. Chief 
town, Halifax. 

HALIFAX, t. and cap. Halifax co. N. C. is 
pleasantly situated on the W. bank of the Ro- 
anoke, 7 m. below the Great Falls, and 70 by 
land from the mouth of the river ; 36 m. N. 
from Tarborough, 72 m. S. by W. from Peters- 
burg. Lat. 36° 13' N. It is regularly laid out, 
and contains a court-house and jail. The river 
is navigable to this place for vessels of com 
siderable burthen. A canal around the falls 
of the Roanoke opens the navigation for ba- 
teaux, for more than 130 miles above the town. 

HALIFAX, r. Florida, flows S. about 30 m. 
and empties itself into Musquito inlet. 

HALIFAX, t. Buckingham co. Lower 
Canada, 45 m. SE. from Three Rivers. 

HALIFAX, the capital of Nova-Scotia, is 
in Halifax co. on a spacious bay, or harbor, 
called Chebuctoo, which is open at all seasons 
of the year, is of a bold and easy entrance, and 
will admit 1,000 of the largest ships to ride in 
safety. The entrance is completely defended 
by Fort George. The town stands on the W. 
side of the harbor. Lon. 63° 35' W. ; lat. 44° 
44' N. Pop. 15,000. 

HALL, co. Geo. Pop. 11,755. Gainesville 
is the county town, 

HALL'S KEY, isl. in the bay of Honduras. 
Lon. 39° 10' W. lat. 16° 10' N. 

HALF MOON, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on the 
Hudson above Water ford. Pop. 2,042. 

HALF-WAY HOUSE, v. York co. Va. 15 
m. SE. from Williamsburg, and 23 NW. from 
Norfolk. 

HALF-HYDE BAY, on the W. coast of 
the island of Antigua, 2 m. S. from Reed point- 

HALF-MOON BAY, a bay on the W. coast 
of Jamaica, 2 m. N. from Orange bay. 

HALF-MOON BAY, on the N. coast of 
St. Christopher, 2 m. SE. from Ragged Point.. 

HALF-MOON KEY, isl. near the south 
coast of Jamaica, 3 m. ENE. of Portland point, 

HALF-MOON KEY, isl in the bay of 
Honduras. Lon. 89° W. lat. 17° 10' N. 



HAL—HAM 



283 



HALLOWELL, t. Kennebeck co. Me. on 
Kennebeck river, at tbe head of the tide, 2 m. 
below Augusta, 54 m. NE. from Portland. 
Lat. 44° 16' N. Pop. 3,964. It is a flourish- 
ing town, a place of considerable trade, and 
exports large quantities of beef, pork, pot 
and pearl ashes, flour and lumber. Tbe river 
is navigable to this place for vessels of 150 tons. 

HALLOWELL, t. Prince Edward co. U. C. 
on Lake Ontario. 

HALLOWELL CROSS-ROADS, Kenne- 
beck co. Ma near the village of Hallowell, 
and 53 m. NE. from Portland. 

HALL'S RIVER, N. H a head-water of 
the Connecticut ; flows from the NW and its 
mouth is in lat. 45° N. 

HALL'S CROSS-ROADS, Harford co. Md. 
30 m. NE. from Baltimore. 

HALLSVILLE, v. Montgomery co. N. Y. ; 
73 m. NW. from Albany. 

HALLSVILLE, v. Duplin co. N. C. about 
100 m. SE. from Raleigh. 

HAM, t. Buckingham co. L. Canada ; 50 m. 
SE. from Three Rivers. 

HAM-BLUFF, cape, at the W. extremity 
of Santa Cruz, in the West Indies. Lon. 63° 
34' W. ; lat. 17° 51' N. 

HAMBURG, t. Erie co. N. Y. on Lake Erie, 
S. of Buffalo. Pop. 3,348. 

HAMBURG, t. Sussex co. N. J.; 18 m. 
from Goshen, N. Y. 20 from Newton. 

HAMBURG, t. Niagara co. N. Y. ; 436 m. 
from W. 

HAMBURG, v. Otsego co. N. Y. 

HAMBURG, t. Berks co. Pa, on the E. side 
of the Schuylkill ; 18 m. N. by W. from Read- 
ing, 70 NNW. from Philadelphia. 

HAMBURG, t. Abbeville district, S. C. on 
Savannah river, opposite Augusta. The first 
buildings were commenced in June, 1821, and 
in 1822 there were erected 200 dwelling-houses 
and stores, Hamburg was erected for the 
purpose of diverting the trade of this part of 
the state, and also of the upper parts of Geor- 
gia, from Savannah to Charleston. A rail-road 
is now in progress between this place and 
Charleston. 

HAMBURG ON THE LAKE, v. Niagara 
co. N. Y. 

HAMDEN, v. Delaware co. N. Y. ; 104 m. 
SW. from Albany. 

HAMDEN, t. New Haven co. Ct. ; 8 m. N. 
from New Haven. Pop. 1,669. Within the 
township, about 2 m. from N. Haven, there is 
a large gun manufactory. 

HAMILTON, cape on the N. end of the 
island of Newfoundland. 

HAMILTON, t. Essex co. Mass.; 10 m. 
NW. from Salem. Pop. 743. 

HAMILTON, co. N. Y. ; bounded by Mont- 
gomery S. Herkimer SW. and W. St. Law- 
rence and Franklin N. and Essex, Warren, 
and Saratoga E. This county was formerly 
contained in the northern part of Montgomery. 
Pop. 1,324. 

HAMILTON, t. Gaspe co. L. Canada, on 
Chaleur Bay. 

HAMILTON, t. Northumberland co. U. C. 
extending from Lake Ontario to Rice Lake. 



HAMILTON, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. on 

the Schuylkill, opposite Philadelphia. 

HAMILTON, t. Martin co. N.C. 

HAMILTON, t. Warren co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,665. 

HAMILTON, a port in the Bermuda isl- 
ands, and seat of government. 

HAMILTON, t. Madison co. N. Y. 25 m. 
SW. from Utica, 110 W. from Albany. Pop. 
3,220. It contains 2 churches. The village 
is handsomely built on the main branch of 
Chenango river. 

HAMILTON, v. Guilderlandt, N. Y. 

HAMILTON, t. Gloucester co. N. J. 

HAMILTON, co. E. Ten. Pop. 2,274 
Brainerd is the chief town. 

HAMILTON, co. tbe SW. part of Ohio, on 
Ohio river. Pop. 52,321. Chief town, Cin- 
cinnati. 

HAMILTON, t. and cap. Butler co. Ohio, 
on Miami river, 25 m. N. from Cincinnati, 105 
SW. from Columbus. Here is a printing- 
office. Pop. 1,097. 

HAMILTON, t. Franklin co. Ohio, on the 
E. side of the Scioto, 7 m. from Columbus. 

HAMILTON, v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 
on St. Lawrence river, 20 m. below Ogdens- 
burg. 

HAMILTON, v. of Cataraugus co. N. Y. 
on the right bank of Alleghany river, at and 
below the mouth of Olean. The Alleghany 
river is there about 80 yards wide, and at sea- 
sons of high-water, navigable for vessels of 8 
or 10 tons burthen. Distant from Pittsburg 
by land 170 m. by water 260, from Buffalo 65, 
and from navigable water in Genesee river, 
near Angelica, 25 m. 

HAMILTON BAN, t. Adams co. Pa. 

HAMILTONVILLE, Huntingdon co. Pa. 
on the Juniata. 

HAMPDEN, t. Penobscot co. Me. on the W 
side of Penobscot river ; 10 m. SSW. from 
Bangor, 29 NW. from Castine. Pop. 2,020. 

HAMPDEN, co. Mass. Pop. 31,640. Chief 
town, Springfield. 

HAMPDEN, t. Geauga co. Ohio. 

HAMPSHIRE, co. Mass. Pop. 30,210. 
Chief town, Northampton. 

HAMPSHIRE, co. Va. Pop. 11,279. Chief 
town, Romney. 

HAMPSHIRE, co. in Quebec district, L. 
Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence. 

HAMPSTEAD, t. Queen's co. N. Bruns- 
wick, on the W. side of St. John river. 

HAMPSTEAD, t. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 
24 m. SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 913. 

HAMPSTEAD, v. King George co. Va. 

HAMPSTEAD, t. Rockland co. N. Y. 15 
m. NW. from New York. It contains several 
churches, and the extensive iron-works, called 
Ramapoo Works. 

HAMPTON, t. Rockingham co. N. H. on 
the sea-coast, 18 m. SW. from Portsmouth. 
Pop. 1,103. It contains two meeting-houses, 
and an academy. 

HAMPTON, t. Windham co. Ct. ; 37 m. 
E. from Hartford. Pop. 1,101. 

HAMPTON, v. in Westmoreland, Oneida 
co. N. Y.; 11 m. W. from Whitesborough. 



284 



HAM— HAR 



HAMPTON, t. Washington co. N. Y.; 70 
m. NE. from Albany. Pop. 1,069. 

HAMPTON, t. Elizabeth-city co. Va. 

HAMPTON FALLS, t. Rockingham co. 
N. H. on the sea-coast, 20 m. SW. from Ports- 
mouth. Pop. 582. It contains 3 churches, 2 
for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. 

HAMPTON VILLE, v. Surrey co. N. C. 

HANCOCK, co. Me. on both sides of Pe- 
nobscot Bay ; bounded N. by Penobscot co. E. 
by Washington co. S. by the Atlantic, and W. 
by Lincoln co. Pop. 24,347. Chief town, 
Castine. 

HANCOCK, t. Hillsborough co. N. H.; 13 
m. E. from Keene, 28 SW. from Concord. 
Pop. 1,316. 

HANCOCK, t. Addison co. Vt. ; 29 m. SW. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 472. 

HANCOCK, t. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 20 m. 
NNW. from Lenox. Pop. 1,053. 

HANCOCK, t. Delaware co. N. Y. ; 22 m. 
SW. from Delhi, 60 W. from Kingston. Pop. 
766. 

HANCOCK, t. Salem co. N. J. 

HANCOCK, t. Washington co. Md. on the 
N. bank of the Potomac ; 25 m. SE. from 
Bedford, Pa. 119 NW. from Baltimore. 

HANCOCK, co. western district of Geo on 
the E. side of the Oconee. Pop. 11,822. Chief 
town, Sparta. 

HANCOCK, co. Ohio ; bounded W. by Put- 
nam, N. by Wood, E. by Seneca and Craw- 
ford, and S. by Hardin. Pop. 813. Chief 
town, Findlay. 

HANCOCK, co. Mis.; bounded by Lake 
Borgne S. by Pearl river or Louisiana W. by 
Marion and Perry N. and by Jackson NE. 
Pop. 1,961. Chief town, Pearlington. 

HANCOCKSVILLE, v. Union district, S. C. 
110 m. NNW. from Columbia. 

HANGING FORK, t. Lincoln co. Ken. be- 
tween Danville and Stamford, 53 m. SSE. from 
Frankfort. 

HANGING ROCK, t. Hampshire co. Va. ; 
99 m. WNW. from W. 

HANKINSONVILLE, v. Claiborne co. Mis. 
about 40 m. NE. from Natchez. 

HANNIBAL, t. Oswego co. N. Y. SW. from 
the mouth of Onondaga river. Pop. 1,794. 

HANNIBALSVILLE, v. in Hannibal town- 
ship, Oswego co. N. Y.; 1S2 m. NW. by W. 
from Albany. 

HANOVER, t. Grafton co. N. H. on E. side 
of the Connecticut ; 53 m. NW. from Concord, 
102 WNW. from Portsmouth, 115 NW. from 
Boston, 490 from W. Pop. 2,361. Dartmouth 
College, situated in the SW. part of this town 
ship, about half a mile E. of the river, on a 
beautiful plain, ranks as the third literary in- 
stitution in New England. It was founded in 
1770 by Dr. Eleazar Wheelock. The build- 
ings consist of two handsome edifices, the Col- 
lege Hall and Medical Hall. The former is 
150 feet by 50, 3 stories high, and contains 36 
rooms. The latter is 75 feet long and 3 sto- 
ries high, containing a laboratory, a room for 
the anatomical museum, 2 lecture rooms, and 
) rooms for medical students, a chapel and a 
dining hall. The officers are a president and 



8 professors. The whole number of graduates 
up to 1831 was 1,609 : the average number of 
under-graduates was about 150. The number 
of volumes in the College Library is 6,000, and 
the Students' Library contains 8,000 volumes. 
There are 3 vacations in a year, in May, Au- 
gust, and December. Commencement is on 
the last Wednesday but one in August. 

HANOVER, t. Plymouth co. Mass. ; 15 m. 
NW. from Plymouth, 25 SE. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,300. 

HANOVER, v. in Paris, Oneida co. N. Y 
on Oriskany creek. 

HANOVER, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. NE. of 
Chatauque. Pop. 2,614. 

HANOVER, t. Morris co. N. J. on the Pas- 
saic, 16 m. NW. from Elizabethtown. Pop. 
'3,718. 

HANOVER, t. Burlington co. N. J. Pop. 

2,859. 

HANOVER, t. York co. Pa. on a branch of 
Conevvago creek, which runs into the Susque- 
hannah, IS m. SW. from York, 106 W. by S. 
from Philadelphia. It contains two churches. 
Pop. 1,006. 

HANOVER, co. Va. between Chickahomi- 
ny and Pamunky rivers. Pop. 16,253, of 
whom 6,526 are whites, 449 free blacks, and 
9,278 slaves. In this county is Washington- 
Henry Academy, at Hanover, 9 m. NE. from 
Richmond. 

HANOVER, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop 
2,039. 

HANOVER, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 5 m. N. 

from Cadiz. Pop. 44. 

HANOVER, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 709. 
HANOVER, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 323. 
HANOVER, t. Knox co. Ohio. 
HANOVER, t. Butler co. Ohio, 6 m. W. from 
Rossville. Pop. 1,644. 

HANOVER BAY, or Chetamal Bay, on the 
E. coast of Yucatan. Lon. 89° 15' W. ; lat. 
18° 45' N. 

HANOVER, New, country on the NW. 
coast of America, lying partly in New Cale- 
donia and partly in Oregon Territory, between 
lat. 45° 30' and 53° 15' N. 

HANOVERTOWN, t. Hanover co. Va. on 
the Pamunky, 6 m. above New Castle, 22 NE. 
from Richmond. 

HANSON, t. Plymouth co.Mass. Pop. 1,030. 
HANTS, co. Nova-Scotia, which contains 
the townships of Windsor, Falmouth, and 
Newport 

HARBOR, Cape, the N. extremity of Wells' 
Bay, on the coast of Maine. Lon. 70° 24' W.; 
lat. 43o 18 ' N< 

HARBOR DE LUTE, harbor in Campo 
Bello Island, New Brunswick, opening into 
Passamaquoddy Bay. 

HARBOR ISLAND, one of the smaller 
Bahama Islands, N. of Eleuthera. Lon. 76° 
44' W. ; lat. 25° 56' N. 

HARDENBURG, v. Breckenbridge co.Ken. 
HARDEN'S COVE, v. Randolph co. Va. on 
the E. branch of Monongahela river, 65 m. 
above Morgantown. 

HARDEN'S CREEK, r. Ken. runs into tha 
Ohio Lon. 86° 56' W. ; lat. 37° 40' N. 



HAR— HAR 



285 



HARDENSVTLLE, v. on Racing River, 
Shelby co. Ken. 9 m. S W. from Frankfort. 

HARDIMAN, co. in the SW. part of Ten. 
Pop. 11,628. Bolivar is the capital. 

HARDIN, co. Ken. on the Ohio, 662 m. 
from W. Pop. 13,148. Chief town, Eliza- 
bethtown. 

HARDIN, v. Shelby co. Ohio, on Loramie 
creek, 5 m. SE. from Fort Loramie, and 93 
NW. by W. from Columbus. 

HARDIN, co. in the SW. part of Ten. Pop. 
4,867. Savannah is the capital. 

HARDIN, co. Ohio. Pop. 500. Hardy is 
the chief town. 

HARDIN, t. Preble co. Ohio. 

HARDING'S FERRY, on White river, Ar- 
kansas, 400 m. from its mouth. 

HARDINSBURG, v. Dearborn co. In. 101 
m. SE. from Indianapolis. 

HARDINSVILLE, v. on the right bank of 
Tennessee river, Hardin co. Ten. 140 m. SW. 
by W. from Murfreesborough, and 50 NW. 
from Florence in Alabama. 

HARDWARE RIVER, r. Va. which runs 
into James river. 

HARDWICK, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 14 m. 
NE. from Danville, 24 NNE. from Montpelier. 
Pop. 1,216. 

HARDWICK, t. Worcester co. Mass. 22 m. 
WNW. from Worcester, 70 W. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,885. 

HARDWICK, s-p. Bryan co. Geo. near the 
mouth of the Ogeechee river, 25 m. SW. from 
Savannah. 

HARDWICK, t. Warren co. N. J. on the 
Delaware river, 60 m. above Easton in Penn- 
sylvania. Pop. 1,962. 

, HARDWICK, island, in Johnson's Strait, 
on the Pacific coast of N. America. Lon. from 
W. 48° 45' W. ; lat. 50° 26' N. 

HARDY, co. N. part of Va. bounded NE. 
by Hampshire co. E. by Shenandoah co. SW. 
by Pendleton and Randolph cos. and NW. by 
Maryland. Pop. 6,798. Chief town, Moore- 
field. 

HARDY, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. 

HARE, large bay, on the E. side of the N. 
peninsula of Newfoundland. Lon. from W. 
19° 20' E. ; lat. 51° 20' N. 

HARE ISLAND, isl. L. C. in the river St. 
Lawrence, 16 m. above the confluence of Sa- 
guenaw river, and 103 below Quebec. 

HARFORD, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. 235 
m. from W. 

HARFORD, co. Md. bounded N. by Penn- 
sylvania, E. by the Susquehannah, SE. by 
Chesapeake Bay, and W. by Baltimore co. 
Pop. 16,315. Chief town, Belle- Air. 

HARFORD, t. Harford co. Md. on Bush 
River, 25 m. NE. from Baltimore, 77 SW. from 
Philadelphia. Lon. 76° 17' W. ; lat. 39° 28' N. 

HARLAN, co. Ken. Pop. 2,928. 

HARLEESVILLE, v. Marion co. S. C. 

HARLEM, v. New York co. N. Y. 8 m. N. 
from New York. 

HARLEM, t. Delaware co. Ohio, on Big 
Walnut creek. Pop. 535. 

HARLEM CREEK, or East River, N. Y. 



forms the E. boundary of New York island 
and county. 

HARLINGTON, t. Bergen co. N. J. 

HARLINGTON, v. Washington co. Me. 
Pop. 1,118. 

HARLINSBURG, v. Mercer co. Pa. 

HARMAN'S CREEK, Va. runs into the 
Ohio, 1 m. above Steubenville. 

HARMONY, t. Somerset co. Me. 25 m. E. 
from Norridgewick. Pop. 925. 

HARMONY, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. Pop. 
1,988. 

HARMONY, t. Butler co Pa. on Conaque- 
nesing creek, 25 m. NW. from Pittsburg. 

HARMONY, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. 

HARMONY, t. Clarke co. Ohio. 

HARMONY, t. Posey co. In. on the Wa- 
bash, settled by a religious sect from Germany, 
called Harmonists. Pop. 690. 

HARMONY, v. Sussex co. N. J. 

HARMONY, v. York co. S. C. 

HARMONY, Arkansas Ter. a missionary 
station among the Osage Indians, formed in 
1821 by the United Foreign Mission Society. 
It is situated on the Marias de Cein, a good 
mill-stream, 6 m. above its junction with Osage 
river. The tract of land given by the Indians 
for the use of the mission contains about 15,000 
acres, is very fertile, and well supplied with 
timber and stone for building. Good coal is 
found within a few rods of the settlement. 

HARMONY, v. Luzerne co. Pa. on the Sus- 
quehannah, 1 8 m. N W. from Stockport. 

HARPER'S FERRY, v. Jefferson co. Va 
on the Potomac, at the mouth of the Shenan- 
doah, 21 m. WSW. from Fredericktown, 24 m. 
ENE. from Winchester, and 65 NW. from W. 
The passage of the Potomac through the Blue 
Ridge at this place is accounted a curiosity. 
There is here an extensive establishment be- 
longing to the United States, for the manufac- 
ture of arms. The number of men employed 
is about 260, and the annual expense has been, 
on an average, about $100,000. 

HARPERSFIELD, t. Delaware co. N. Y. 
20 m. NE. from Delhi, 55 SW. from Albany, 
51 from Catskill. Pop. 1,936. 

HARPERSFIELD, South, v. Delaware co. 
N. Y. 

HARPERSFIELD, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 
on Grand river, 10 m. W. from Jefferson. 

HARPERSVILLE, v. Broome co. N. Y. 

HARPETH, v. Williamson co. Ten. 

HARPETH, r. Tennessee, which after a 
NNW. course of about 40 m. falls into the 
Cumberland, 19 m. NW. from Nashville. It 
is navigable for boats to Franklin. 

HARPSWELL, t. Cumberland co. Me 40 
m. E. from Portland. Pop. 1,353. 

HARRIET POINT, cape, on the NW. coast 
of America. Lat. 60° 24' N. 

HARRINGTON, t. Washington co. Me. on 
Narraguagus Bay, 25 m. W. from Machias 
Pop. 1,118. 

HARRINGTON, t. Bergen co. N. J. Pop. 
2,581. 

HARRISBOROUGH, t. Richmond co. Geo. 
on Savannah river, a little above Augusta. 



286 



HAR — HAR 




STATE-HOUSE, AT HARIilSBURG. 



HARRISBURG, t. Dauphin co. Pa. and 
capital of the state, is regularly laid out on the 
E. bank of the Susquehanna river, over which 
a bridge is here erected, a mile in length. It 
is 97 m. WNW. from Philadelphia, 35 NW. 
from Lancaster, 184 E. from Pittsburg, and 110 
from W. Lat. 40° 16' N. It contains 7 or 3 
public buildings, and 7 houses of public wor- 
ship. The state-house is a spacious and ele- 
gant building, and makes an imposing show. 
Pop. in 1820, 3,000 ; in 1830, 4,307. 

HARRISBURG, t. Lewis co. N. Y. 20 m. 
from Brownville, 65 N. from Rome. Pop. 712. 

HARRISBURG, or Cairo, v. Lancaster co. 
S. Carolina. 

_ HARRISBURG, t. Gallia co. Ohio, on Ohio 
river, 7 m. S. from Gallipolis. 

HARRISBURG, v. Ocatahoola parish, La. 
40 m. a little N. of W. from Natchez. 

HARRISON, t. Cumberland co. Me. 41 m. 
NW. from Portland. 

HARRISON, t. Cortlandt co. N. Y. 

HARRISON, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 30 
m. NE. from New York. Pop. 1,085. 

HARRISON, co. Va. inclosed by the coun- 
ties of Ohio, Monongalia, Randolph, Kenhawa, 
and Wood. Pop. 14,677. Chief town, Clarks- 
burg. 

HARRISON, co. in the NE. part of Ken. 
Pop. 13,180. Chief town, Cinthiana. 

HARRISON, co. Ohio, between Jefferson 
and Tuscarawas counties. Sq. ms. 450. Pop. 
20,920. Chief town, Cadiz. 

HARRISON, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 
525. 

HARRISON, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 10 m. 
NE. from Columbus. 

HARRISON, t. Gallia co. Ohio. Pop. 781. 

HARRISON, t. Hamilton co.Ohio. Pop. 173. 

HARRISON, t. on the E side of Ross co. 
Ohio. Pop. 545. 

HARRISON, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, E. from 
Scioto river. Pop. 823. 

HARRISON, t. Licking co. Ohio, on the S. 
fork of Licking river. Pop. 477. 

HARRISON, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 1,318. 

HARRISON, v. Ohio and In. standing on 
the line between the two states, one part being 
in Hamilton co. Ohio, and the other in Dear- 
born co. Indiana. 



HARRISON, v. Knox co. Ohio, 15 m. SE 
from Mount Vernon. 

HARRISON, co. In. bounded by Ohio river 
SE. S. and W. Big Blue river SW. Washing- 
ton N. and Floyd NE. and E. Soil fertile. 
Chief town, Corydon. Pop. 10,288. 

HARRISON, v. and t. Harrison co. In. 

HARRISON, t. Franklin co. In. 25 m. NW. 
from Cincinnati. 

HARRISON, v. Calloway co. Miso. 100 m. 
W. from St. Louis. 

HARRISONBURG, v. and seat of justice, 
Rockingham co. Va. 25 m. NNE. from Staun- 
ton, and 40 NNW. from Charlottesville. 

HARRISONVILLE, v. Monroe co. Illinois, 
on the left bank of the Mississippi, 30 m. below 
St. Louis. 

HARRISVILLE, v. Butler co. Pa. 

HARRISVILLE, v. Brunswick co. Va. 57 
m. a little W. of S. from Richmond. 

HARRISVILLE, v. Medina co. Ohio, on 
the S. side of the co. Pop. 500. 

HARRISVILLE, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 9 m. 
NE. from Cadiz. Pop. 314. 

HARRISVILLE RESERVE, v. Medina 
co. Ohio, 90 m. N. from Columbus. 

HARRODSBURG, t. Mercer co. Ken. on 
Salt river, 10 m. N. by W. from Danville. Here 
is a mineral spring, from which Epsom salts 
are obtained. Pop. 1,051. 

HARROD'S CREEK, r. Ken. which runs 
into the Ohio, 10 m. above Louisville. 

HART, co. Ken. Pop. 5,292. Chief town, 
Munfordsville. 

HARTFORD, t. Oxford co. Me. 12 m. NE. 
from Paris. Pop. 1,297. 

HARTFORD, t. Windsor co. Vt. on Con- 
necticut river, 14 m. above Windsor. Pop. 
2,044. 

HARTFORD, co. Ct. on both sides Con- 
necticut river. Pop. 51,141. Hartford is the 

capital. 

HARTFORD, city, Hartford co. Ct. and 
one of the capitals of the state, is regularly 
laid out on the W. bank of Connecticut river, 
50 m. from its mouth, 14 N. from Middletown, 
34 NNE. from New Haven, 42 NW. from New 
London, 74 W. from Providence, 94 SE. from 
Albany, 100 WSW. from Boston s 123 NE. from 
New York, and 335 from W. Pop. in 1820, 



HAR — HAV 



287 



6,901 ; in 1830, 9,789, including the city and 
township. It contains 9 public buildings, among 
which the state-house makes the most conspi- 
cuous figure, and 9 churches. One of the Con- 
gregational churches is a spacious and elegant 
building. The asylum of the deaf and dumb, 
a mile west of the city, on Tower Hill, is a 
building creating striking interest. It was es- 
tablished in 1817, and is the first institution 
of the kind in America. The congress of the 
United States has made a generous grant to 
the asylum of more than 23,000 acres of land; 
and the legislatures of some of the states have 
made appropriations for the support of pupils. 
The success of the institution has hitherto been 
highly gratifying, and the improvement of the 
pupils has equalled the most sanguine expecta- 
tions of their friends. The retreat for the in- 
sane, a little south of the town, is a spacious 
stone building, 150 by 50 feet, with extensive 
grounds for the unfortunate patients. Wash- 
ington Episcopal College has two spacious 
stone buildings. It was founded in 1826 ; it 
has 9 professors, and the number of students 
ranges from 70 to 100. It has a library con- 
taining 6,200 volumes. Commencement is on 
the first Wednesday of August. There are 
three vacations in a year ; the first, from com- 
mencement, 6 weeks ; the second, 2 weeks 
from Thursday before Christmas ; the third, 3 
weeks from Thursday before 20th of April. — 
Hartford has a respectable amount of com- 
merce, and numerous manufactories. Printing 
and publishing are carried on to a considerable 
extent. It has daily communication with New 
York by steam-boats and stages, and being at 
the head of sloop navigation, carries on a brisk 
trade with the surrounding country and places 
up the river. 

HARTFORD, t. Washington co. N. Y. 8 m. 
NE. from Sandy-hill, 54 N. from Albany. Pop. 
2,420. 

HARTFORD, t. and cap. Pulaski co. Geo. 
on the Oakmulgee, 50 m. from Milledgeville, 
and 709 from W. 

HARTFORD, t. and cap. Ohio co. Ken. 
Here is a bank. Pop. 242. 

HARTFORD, t. Licking co. Ohio. 

HARTFORD, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 8 m. 
W. of Warren. Pop. 859. 

HARTFORD, t. Dearborn co. Indiana. 

HARTLAND, t. Somerset co. Maine. Pop. 
718. 

HARTLAND, t. Windsor co. Vt. on Con- 
necticut river, 7 m. above Windsor. Pop. 
2,503. 

HARTLAND, t. Hartford co. Ct. 22 m. NW. 
from Hartford. Pop. 1,221. 

HARTLAND, t. Niagara co. N.Y. on Lake 
Ontario. Pop. 1,584. 

HARTLESS, t. Bedford co. Pa. 

HARTLETON, t. Union co. Pa. 

HARTLEYSTOWN, t. Union co. Pa. 

HART'S STORE, v. Albemarle co. V. 

HARTSVILLE, v. Bucks co. Pa. 

HARTSVILLE, v. Sumner co. Ten. 

HARTVILLE, or Hollow, v. Dutchess co. 
N. Y. 

HART WICK, t. Otsego co. N. Y. on the 



Susquehannah, 5 m. SW. from Cooperstown, 
71 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,772. In 1816, a 
literary and theological seminary was estab- 
lished here. 

HARVARD, t. Worcester co. Mass. 20 m. 
NE. from Worcester. Pop. 1,601. 

HARVEY, v. Greene co. Pa. 

HARVELL'S, v. Dinwiddie co. Va. about 
35 m. S. from Richmond. 

HARWICH, t. Kent co. U. C. between Lake 
Erie and the river Thames. 

HARWICH, t. Barnstable co. Mass. on 
Barnstable Bay, 9 m. from Chatham. Pop. 
2,467. 

HARWINTON, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 23 m. 
W. from Hartford. Pop. 1,516. 

HASTE RIVER MILLS, Culpeper co. 
Va. 

HASTINGS, co. U. C. opposite the Bay of 
Quinte. 

HATBOROUGH, v. Montgomery co. Pa 
17 m. N. from Philadelphia. 

HATCHERSVILLE, v. Chesterfield co. Va. 
11 m. southwardly from Richmond. 

HATCHES, v. Onslow co. N. C. 100 m. NE. 
from Raleigh. 

HATCHES, t. Montgomery co. Pa. 

HATCHY, Big, r. Ten. and Mis. rises in 
the latter, and flowing NW. enters Mississippi 
river. 

HATFIELD, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 5 m. 
above Northampton. Pop. 893. 

HATFIELD, t. Montgomery co. Pa. 24 m. 
NNW. from Philadelphia. Pop. 835. 

HATLEY, t. of Richelieu and Buckingham 
cos. L. C. on Lakes Memphremagog, Scaswa- 
ninepus, and Tomefobi. 

HATTERAS, cape, N. C. It is the salient 
point of a very long reef of sand, extending 
from Ocracock to New Inlet. The cape, prop- 
erly so called, is in lat. 35° 15' N. 

HAUTE, or Holt, isl. the southernmost of 
the large islands in Penobscot Bay, Me. 

HAVANA, city and s-p. on the NW. part 
of Cuba, 2 miles in circumference, and the 
capital of the island. The houses are elegant, 
built of stone, and the churches are rich and 
magnificent. The harbor is capable of con- 
taining upwards of 1000 vessels, and the en- 
trance so narrow that only one ship can enter 
at a time ; it is defended by two strong forts, 
called the Moro and the Puntal ; there are also 
many other forts and platforms, well furnished 
with artillery. Here all the ships that come 
from the Spanish settlements rendezvous on 
their return to Spain. It is seated on the W 
side of the harbor, and watered by two branch- 
es of the river Lagida. Pop. about 70,000. 
Lon. from W. 5° 2' W. ; lat. 23° 12' N. 

HAVANA, province of the island of Cuba, 
comprising the sub-provinces of Matanzas, 
Trinidad, Santa Espirita, Remedios, and Villa 
Clara. Havana, principal city. 

HAVANA, v. Greene co. Al. 53 m. SW. 
from Tuscaloosa. 

HAVANA, t. Lauderdale co. Alabama, on 
N. bank of the Tennessee, 9 m. from Florence. 

HAVERHILL, t. Grafton co. N. H. on the 
Connecticut, opposite Newbury, with which it 



288 



HAV— HEL 



is connected by a bridge ; 27 m. N. from Dart- 
mouth College, 31 m. NNW. from Plymouth, 
119 m. NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 2,153. 
In the SW. part of the town there is a hand- 
some village containing a court-house, a jail, 
an academy, a Congregational meeting-house, 
and is a place of considerable business. The 
courts for the county are held alternately here, 
and at Plymouth. Distance from W. 509 m. 

HAVERHILL, t. Essex co. Mass. at the 
head of navigation on the N. side of the Mer- 
rimack, 18 miles from its mouth, opposite Brad- 
ford; 15 m. WSW. from Newburyport, 18 m. 
SSW. from Exeter, 19 m. NNW. from Salem, 
30 m. N. from Boston. Pop. 3,912. It is a 
pleasant and flourishing town, and contains a 
bank, cotton and woollen manufactories, 2 
printing-offices, a library containing about 800 
volumes, and several houses of public worship. 
The river is navigable to this place for vessels 
of 100 tons. Here is an elegant bridge across 
the Merrimack. It has considerable manu- 
factures of leather, hats, plated ware, &c. and 
trades largely in shoes, and it has an extensive 
trade with the back country. 

HAVER STRAW, t. Rockland co. N. Y. on 
W. side of the Hudson ; 40 m. N. from New- 
York. Pop. 2,306. Here are extensive iron 
works, and an academy. 

HAVRE DE GRACE, t. Harford co. Md. 
on W. side of the Susquehannah, at its conflu- 
ence with the Chesapeake ; 36 m. NE. from Bal- 
timore, 64 m. WSW. from Philadelphia. It 
contains a bank, and is a place of some trade. 
Lat. 39° 33' N. 

HAW, r. N. C. which rises near the N. bor- 
der of the state, and joins Deep river to form 
the NW. branch of Cape Fear river. It may 
be easily made navigable for 50 miles. 

HAW RIVER, v. Orange co. N. C. 323 m. 
from W. 

HAWK'S BAY, bay on the coast of Ala- 
bama, westward of the mouth of Mobile bay, 
between Pelican and Dauphin islands. 

HAWKE, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 19 m. 
SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 528. 

HAWKESBURY, t. Prescott co. U. C. on 
the Ottawa. 

HAWKESBURY ISLAND, isl. on the 
NW. coast of America Lat. 53° 36' N. 

HAWKINS, co. East Tennessee. Pop. 
10,949. Chief town, Rogersville. 

HAWKINSBURG, t. Shenandoah co. Va. 

HAWKSBILL MILLS, v. Shenandoah co. 
Va. 

HAWLEY, t. Franklin co. Mass. ; 14 m. 
WSW. from Greenfield, 120 m. WNW. from 
Boston. Pop. 1,037. 

HAY CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the 
Schuylkill. 

HAY SPRING, v. Campbell co. Ken. 

HAYCOCK, t. Bucks co. Pa. 

HAYCOCK, isl. Pa. in the Delaware; 7 m. 
below Easton. 

HAYMARKET, v. Muskingum co. Ohio, 
on the E. bank of the Muskingum, 9 m. above 
Zanesville. 

HAYMARKET, v. Prince William co. Va.; 
38 m. WSW. from Washington. 



HAYWOOD, co. in the W. part of N. C, 
Pop. 4,593. 

HAYWOOD, western co. of N.C. bounded 
by Geo. S. Ten. NW. and Buncombe E. The 
great body of the co. is an. elevated mountain 
valley. Pop. 4,593. 

HAYWOOD, C. H. Haywood co. N. C. 293 
m. SW. by W. from Raleigh, and 549 m. from 
W. 

HAYWOOD, co. Ten. in the western part of 
the state. Pop. 5,356. Brownville is the capital. 

HAYWOOD, C. H. v. Haywood co. Ten. 

HAYWOODSBOROUGH, t. Chatham co. 
N. C. at the confluence of the Haw and Deep 
rivers, about 38 m. N. by W. from Fayetteville. 
It is situated near the centre of the state. 

HAY'S MILLS, v. Shenandoah co. Va. about 
80 m. W. from W. 

HAYSVILLE, v. Franklin co. N. C. ; 46 m- 
NE. from Raleigh. 

HAZLE GREEN, v. Madison co. Missouri. 

HAZLE PATCH, or Rice's, v. Knox co. 
Ken. 

HAZLETON'S FERRY, v. Knox co. In. 

HAZARD, or Richmond Bay, in Hudson's 
bay. Lon. 75° 50' W. ; lat. 56° 35' N. 

HEAD OF CHESTER, v. Kent co. Md. 

HEAD OF COW NECK, v. Queen's co. 
N. Y. 

HEAD OF SASSAFRAS, v. Kent co. Md. 

HEAD OF SEVERN, v. Ann-Arundel co. 
Md. 15 m. S. from Baltimore. 

HEALTH, SEAT OF, Granville v. N. C; 
58 m. NE. from Raleigh. 

HEALTHY COVE, bay of the island of 
Jamaica, on S. coast. Lon. 77° W. ; lat. 17° 
44' N. 

HEART LAKE, lake, N. H. ; 20 m. E. from 
Stuart. It is 6 m. long and 3 broad. 

HEATH, t. Franklin co. Mass. ; 12 m. NW 
from Greenfield, 125 WNW. from Boston. Pop. 
1,199. 

HEATH POINT, SE. extremity of the 
island of Anticosti, in the Gulf of St. Law- 
rence. 

HEBE, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 

HEBRON, t. Oxford co. Maine; 9 m. & 
from Paris, 150 m. NNE. from Boston. Pop, 
915. It contains an academy and a woollen 
manufactory. 

HEBRON, t. Grafton co. N. H. ; 8 m. SW 
from Plymouth. Pop. 583. 

HEBRON, t. Tolland co. Ct.; 20m. SE. from 
Hartford. Pop. 1,939. It contains several 
churches. 

HEBRON, t. Washington co. N. Y. ; 8 m. 
N. from Salem. Pop. ,2685. 

HECTOR, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. ; 10 m. S, 
from Ovid. Pop. 5,212. 

HECTOR CAPE, cape on the NW. coast 
of America. Lat. 51° 57' 20" N. 

HELENA, t. and cap. Phillips co. Arkansas, 
on the Mississippi, 12 m. below the St. Francis. 

HELLERSTOWN, v. Northampton co. Pa. 
4 m. SE. from Bethlehem. 

HELLGATE, strait, in East river, N.Y. ; 8 
m. from New- York, between the islands of 
Manhattan and Parsell, on the NW. and Long 
Island on the SE. Here are numerous whirl. 



HEM— HEY 



289 



pools, the roaring of which, at certain times of 
the tide, is tremendous. Vessels of any bur- 
den, however, may be conducted through the 
strait by a skilful pilot. 

HEMLOCK, lake, in Livonia, N. Y. 6 m. 
long and 4 broad, communicates with Honeoy 

HEMMINGFORD, t. Huntingdon co. L. C. 
on the Province line, 34 m. S. from Montreal. 

HEMPFIELD, v. Lancaster co. Pa. 3 m. 
W. from Lancaster. 

HEMPSTEAD, t. Queen's co. Long Island, 
N. Y. 22 m. E. from New York. Pop. 6,215. 

HEMPSTEAD, co. Arkansas Ter. on Red 
river. Pop. 1,423. Chief town, Arkansas. 

HEMPSTEAD FORT, Mis. on the N. side 
of the Missouri, 2\ m. above Franklin. 

HEMPSTEAD PLAIN, on Long Island, 
N. Y. in Queens co. 15 m. long and 4 broad. 

HEN AND CHICKENS, group of small 
islands in the W. part of Lake Erie, and N. 
from the Bass Islands. 

HENDERSON, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on 
Lake Ontario. Pop. 2,428. 

HENDERSON, co. Ken. bounded by Ohio 
river N. Davies co. E. Hopkins S. and Union 
W. Pop. 6,649. Chief town, Henderson. 

HENDERSON, v. and seat of justice, Hen- 
derson co. Ken. on the left bank of Ohio river. 
Pop. 483. 

HENDERSON, t. York co. S. C. 

HENDERSON, t Huntingdon co. Pa. 
Pop. 1,073. 

HENDERSON v. Montgomery co. N. C. 

HENDERSON, co. Tenn. bounded by Har- 
din S. Madison W. Carroll N. and Perry E. 
Pop. 8,741. Chief town, Lexington. 

HENDERSON'S STORE, v. Botetourt co. 
Va. 206 m. W. from Richmond. 

HENDERSONTON, t. and cap. Montgom- 
ery co. N. C. 

HENDERSONVILLE, Nottaway co. Va. 
on Little Nottaway river. 

HENDERSONVILLE, or Henderson's Fer- 
ry, v. Newbury district, S. C. 30 m. above Co- 
lumbia. 

HENDERSONVILLE, v. in Sumner co. 
Ten. 20 m. from Nashville. 

HENDRICK'S STORE, Bedford co. Va. 
177 m. W. from Richmond. 

HEN DRICKS VILLE, v. Westmoreland co. 
Pa. 

HENLEY-HOUSE, station of the Hudson 
Bay company, on Albany river. 

HENLOPEN, Cape, Del. the SW. point at 
the entrance of Delaware Bay, 28 m. from 
Cape May. Lon. 75° 6' W.; lat. 38° 47' N. 
Here is a light-house. 

HENNIKER, t. Merrimack co. N. H. 13 
m. W. from Concord. Pop. 1,725. 

HENRICO, co. Va. Pop. 28,798. Chief 
town, Richmond. 

HENRIETTA, t. Monroe co. N. Y. on Gen- 
esee river. Pop. 2,302. 

HENRY, co. Va. Pop. 7,100. Chief town, 
Martinsville. 

HENRY, Cape, Va. the S. point at the en- 
trance of Chesapeake Bay, 12 m. S. from Cape 
Charles. Lon. 76° W. ; lat. 36° 58' N. 



HENRY, co. Geo. bounded by Gwlnnet NW. 
Newton NE. Jasper and Jones E. Fayette S. 
and Flint river W. Pop. 10,567. Chief town, 
M'Donough. 

HENRY, v. Henry co. Geo. 67 m. NW. by 
W. from Milledgeville. 

HENRY, co. Ken. bounded by Jefferson 
SW. Ohio river W. Gallatin N. and NE. Ken- 
tucky river, or Owen co. E. and Shelby S. 
Pop. 11,395. Chief town, Newcastle. 

HENRY, co. Ohio, in New Purchase, bound- 
ed N. by the territory of Michigan, E. by Wood, 
S. by Putnam, and W. by Williams. Pop. 260. 
Chief town, Damascus. 

HENRY, SE. co. of Al. bounded by Cha- 
tahooche river E. Florida S. Covington W. and 
Pike N. Pop. in 1820, 2,638 ; in 1830, 3,955. 
Columbia is the chief town. 

HENRY, v. Henry co. Al. 

HENRY, Cross Roads, v. Sevier co. Ten. 
200 m. E. from Murfreesborough. 

HENRY POINT, the E. point of Haldiman 
Cove, U. C. 

HENSHAW, t. in the NW. part of Trum- 
bull co. Ohio. 

HERCULANEUM, t. Miso. near the Mis- 
sissippi, 21 m. above St. Genevieve, 30 S. from 
St. Louis. Here is a shot manufactory. This 
town is the store-house of the lead-mines, which 
are 45 m. W. from this place. It is 950 m. 
from W. 

HEREFORD, t. Buckingham co. L. C. on 
the head waters of Connecticut river. 

HEREFORD, v. Baltimore co. Md. 

HERKIMER, co. central part of N. Y. 
bounded N. by St. Lawrence co. E. by Hamil- 
ton, S. by Otsego, and W. by Oneida and Lewis. 
Pop. in 1820, 31,017 ; in 1830, 55,869. Chief 
town, Herkimer. 

HERKIMER, t. and cap. Herkimer co. N.Y. 
on the N. side of the Mohawk, 20 m. E. from 
Utica, 78 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,486. The 
principal village is situated at a little distance 
from the entrance of West Canada Creek into 
the Mohawk. Little Flats, another consider- 
able village, Js 7 m. W. At this village there 
is a canal with 8 locks. Distance from W. 
392 m. 

HERMAN'S STATION, v. Ken. on a 
branch of Sandy r. 18 m. S. from Balclutha. 

HERMITAGE, v. Prince Edward co. Va. 
228 m. from W. 

HERMON, t. Penobscot co. Me. 7 m. W. 
from Bangor. Pop. 535. 

HERNDORSVILLE, t Scott co. Ken. 33 
m. NE. from Frankfort. 

HERON CREEK, creek, Mass. W. of Cape 
Malabar. 

HERRING BAY, bay, Md. on W. side of 
the Chesapeake, 15 m. S. from Annapolis. 

HERTFORD, co. NE. part of N. C. Pop. 
8,541. Chief town, Winton. 

HERTFORD, t. and cap. Perquimans co. 
N. C. on Perquimans river, 15 m. NNE. from 
Edenton, 267 from W. 

HERTFORD, co. L. C. on the right side of 
the St. Lawrence, opposite the island of Or- 
leans. 

HEY, Point, the NW. point of Comptroller's 



290 



HXA— HIL 



Bay, on the NW. coast of America. Lon. 215° 
45' E. ; lat. 60° 11' N. 

HIAQUI, river of Mexico, in Sonora y Si- 
naloa, falls into the Gulf of California, after a 
course of 400 m. Mouth at lat. 27° 30' N. 

HIATSTOWN, v. Middlesex co. N. J. on 
the head of Mill-stone river, 13 m. NE. from 
Trenton. 

HIBERNIA, v. Calloway co. Miso. about 
100 m. by land W. from St. Louis. 

EIICKES' KEYS, inlets, in the bay of Hon- 
duras. Lon. 88 3 54' W. ; lat. 17° 10' N. 

HICKMAN, SW. co. of Ken. on Mississippi 
river, bounded N. by Graves, E. by Calloway 
and M'Craken, and S. by the state of Tennes- 
see. Pop. 5,193. Clinton and Columbus are 
the chief towns. 

HICKMAN, co. East Tennessee, on Duck 
river* Pop. 8,132. Chief town, Vernon. 

HICKMAN'S CREEK, r. Smith co. Ten. 
which falls into Caney Fork, 6 m. above its 
mouth. 

HICKMAN'S CREEK, r. Ken. which runs 
into the river Kentucky. 

HICKORY, t. Venango co. Pa. on the Alle- 
ghany, 20 m. NE. from Franklin. 

HICKORY, or Mount Pleasant, v. Wash- 
ington co. Pa. 11m. NNW. from Washington, 
the seat of justice for the county. 

HICKORY CREEK, t. on a small stream 
of that name, flowing into Caney Fork, branch 
of Cumberland river, Warren co. Ten. 35 m. 
SE. by E. from Murfreesborough. 

HICKORY FLATS, t. Madison co. Mis. 

HICKORY GROVE, Abbeville district, S.C. 

HICKORY GROVE, v. Henry co. Geo. 
about 70 m. NW. by W. from Milledgeville. 

HICKORY GROVE, v. Montgomery co. 
Miso. 53 m. W. from St Louis. 

HICKORY HILL, Beaufort district, S. C. 

HICKSFORD, v. Greenville co. Va. on the 
S. side of Meherin river, 69 m. S. from Rich- 
mond. 

HIGGIN'S POINT, NW. coast of America. 
Lon. 228° 25' E. ; lat. 55° 27' N. 

HIGGINSPORT, v. Brown co. Ohio, on 
Ohio riyer, 4 m. below Ripley. Pop. 129. 

HIGHGATE, t. Franklin co. Vt. in NW. 
corner of the state, on Lake Champlain ; 40 m. 
N. from Burlington, Pop. 1,129. This town 
has iron works, and considerable trade in 
lumber. 

HIGHLAND, co. SW. part of Ohio. Pop. 
16,347. Chief town, Hillsborough. 

HIGHLAND, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 15 
m. NE. from Zanesville. Pop. 820. 

HIGHLANDS, a mountainous tract in N.Y. 
through which the Hudson flows. The loftiest 
summits are Thunderhill, St. Anthony's Nose, 
Sugar-loaf, Butter-hill, and Breakneck-hill. The 
passage of the Hudson through the Highlands 
is remarkably grand, being 18 miles. 

HIGHLAND CREEK, r. Ken. which runs 
into the Ohio, lon. 82° 22' W. ; lat. 37° 32' N. 

HIGH PEAK, peak of the Catskill moun- 
tains, N. Y. Height 3,487 feet. 

HIGH ROCK, v. Rockingham co. N. C. 

HIGH SHOALS, v. Clark co. Geo. 



HIGHTSTOWN, v. Middlesex co N. J. on 
a branch of Mill river, by postroad 19 m. NE. 
from Trenton, and 25 a little W. of S. from 
New Brunswick. 

HIGUEY, t. St. Domingo, 80 m. E. from 
St. Domingo. Pop. 3,500. 

HILL'S BAY, bay, in Chesapeake Bay. 
Lon. 76° 20' W. ; lat. 37° 32' N. 

HILL CREEK, r. Md. which runs into the 
Potomac. Lon. 78° 23' W. ; lat. 39° 40' N. 

HILLHAM, t. Overton co. Ten. 699 m. 
from W. 

HILLIAR, t. Knox co. Ohio. 

HILLIARDSTOWN, v. Nash co. N. C. by 
postroad 70 m. NE. from Raleigh. 

HILLSBOROUGH, co. south part of N. H. 
bounded N. by Grafton co. E. by Strafford and 
Rockingham cos. S. by Massachusetts, and W. 
by Cheshire co. Pop. 37,762. Chief town, Am- 
herst. 

HILLSBOROUGH, t. Hillsborough co. 
N. H. ; 13 m. WSW. from Hopkinton, 20 W. 
from Concord. Pop. 1,792. 

HILLSBOROUGH, t. Westmoreland co. 
New Brunswick. 

HILLSBOROUGH, t. Madison co. Ala. 

HILLSBOROUGH, t. Orange co. Indiana. 

HILLSBOROUGH, t. Somerset co. N.J. 
18 m. N. from Trenton. Pop. 2,878. 

HILLSBOROUGH, v. Caroline co. Md. 21 
m. SSW. from Chester, 79 from W. 

HILLSBOROUGH, v. Loudon co. Va. 3 m, 
NNW. from Leesburg, 51 from W. 

HILLSBOROUGH, v. Culpeper co, Va- 
104 m. from W. 

HILLSBOROUGH, t. and cap. Highland 
co. Ohio, 36 m, W. by S. from Chillicothe, 55 
SW. from Columbus, and 441 from W. Pop. 
564. 

HILLSBOROUGH, t. and cap. Orange co. 
N. C. oh the Eno ; 30 m. NW. from Raleigh, 
110 ENE. from Salisbury, 180 WNW. from 
Newbern. It is situated in an elevated, fertile, 
and healthy country, and contains a court- 
house, a jail, and an academy. Distance from 
W. 296 miles. 

HILLSBOROUGH, r. Florida, which runs 
into the Gulf of Florida. Lon. 81° 30' W. ; 
lat. 28° 36' N. 

HILLSBOROUGH, or Espiritu Santo Tam- 
pa, bay, on the W. coast of Florida. It is 
the most spacious bav on that coast; 60 m, 
from Lake George. Lon. 83° W.; lat. 27° 
36' N. 

HILLSBOROUGH BAY, bay, on the N 
coast of Dominica. Lon. 61° 22' W. ; lat. 15° 

42' N. 

HILLSBOROUGH BAY, bay, on the S. 
coast of the island of St. John. Lon. 62° 40' 
W. ; lat. 46° 10' N. 

HILLSBOROUGH, v. Jasper co. Geo. 59 m. 
NW. from Milledgeville. 

HILLSBOROUGH, v. Washington co. Pa. 
on the U. S. turnpike road, almost exactly mid- 
distance between Washington and Brownsville, 
11 m. from each. 

HILLSBOROUGH, v. Franklin co. Ten, 
60 m. SSE. from Murfreesborough. 



HIL— HOL 



291 



HILLSBOROUGH, v. Montgomery co. II. 
25 m. NW. from Unadilla. 

HILLSBRIDGE, v. Halifax co. N. C. 116 
m. NE. from Raleigh. 

HILLSDALE, t. Columbia co. N. Y. 18 m. 
SE. of the city of Hudson. Pop. 2,546. 

HILL'S STORE, v. Randolph co. N. C. 
about 60 m. W. from Raleigh. 

HILLTON, v. Charles co. Md. 

HILL-TOP, v. Charles co. Md. 44 m. from W. 

HILLTON HEAD, island on the coast of 
S. C. near the mouth of Savannah river. Lon. 
80° 20' W. ; lat. 32 3 10' N. 

HILTON HEAD, cape on E. coast of 
Trench's Island, at going into Portland en- 
trance. Lon. 80° 46' W. ; lat. 32° 16' N. 

HILTON'S POINT, on Piscataqua river, 
the SE. point of the town of Dover, 7 m. from 
the sea. 

HILLTOWN, t. Bucks co. Pa. 

HINCHINBROOX, island of America, in 
Prince William's Sound, on which the Rus- 
sians have a factory. 

HINCHA, v. St. Domingo, at the mouth of 
Guayamuco, 64 m. NW. from St. Domingo, in 
N. lat. 19° 3'. 

HINCHINBROKE, Cape, on the NW. 
coast of America, at the entrance of Prince 
William's Sound. Lon. 213° 56' E. ; lat. 60° 
16*' N. 

HINCHINBROOK, t. Huntingdon co. L. C. 
on the Province line, 40 m. SW. from Mont- 
real. 

HINCHINBROOK, t. Frontenac co. U. C. 

HINCHINBROOK ISLAND, isl. on the 
NW. coast of America, in Prince William's 
Sound, about 50 m. in circumference. Lon. 
213^ 50' to 214° 24' E. ; lat. 60° 24' N. 

HINESBURG, t. Chittenden co. Vt. 12 m. 
SE. from Burlington. Pop. 1,669. 

HINESVILLE, v. Patrick co. Va. 280 m. 
SW. by W. from Richmond. 

HINGHAM, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 14 m. 
SE. from Boston, 455 from W. Pop. 3,357. It 
lies on S. side of Boston harbor, is a very 
pleasant town, and contains several churches, 
a woollen manufactory, and a well-endowed 
academy. 

HINKLEY, v. Medina co. Ohio, about 100 
m. N. from Columbus. 

HINKSON'S, t. Boone co. Miso. 102 m. W. 
from St. Charles. 

HINKLETOWN, v. Lancaster co. Pa. 128 
m. from W. 

HINSDALE, v. Cataraugus co. N. Y. on 
Olean creek, 10 m. N. from Hamilton, on Al- 
leghany river. Pop. 919. 

HINSDALE, t. Cheshire co. N. H. on the 
Connecticut ; 15 m. SW. from Keene. Pop. 
937. 

HINSDALE, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 15 m. 
NNW. from Lenox, 130 W. from Boston. Pop. 
780. 

HIRAM, t. Oxford co. Me. 34 m. SW. from 
Paris, 160 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,026. 

HIRAM, t. Portage co. Ohio. Pop. 517. 

HIWASSEE, r. in the country of the Cher- 
ekees. It rises in Georgia, flows into Ten- 
nessee, and joins the Tennessee river about 



12 m. SW. from Washington, near Hiwassee 
garrison. 

HOBART POINT, the NW. point at the 
entrance into Port Houghton, on the NW. 
coast of America. Lat. 57° 17' N. 

HOBOKEN, v. Bergen co. N. J. on the Hud- 
son, 7 m. above New York. 

HOCCANUM, r. Ct. which runs into the 
Connecticut at East Hartford, and affords many 

™ HOCKHOCKING, r. Ohio, which rises in 
Fairfield co. and runs into the Ohio at Troy, 
25 m. below Marietta, 150 above the mouth of 
the Scioto, and is navigable for boats to Athens, 
40 m. from its mouth. It has a deep and still, 
but narrow channel. Near its source, 7 m. N. 
of Lancaster, is a romantic cascade of 40 feet 
perpendicular. It has a number of mills erect- 
ed on it. Its chief tributaries are Rush, Sun- 
day, Monday, Margaret's, and Federal creeks. 

HOCKHOCKING, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. 
Pop. 3,079. 

HOCKING, co. Ohio. Chief town, Logan. 
Pop. 4,008. 

HOGANSBURG, v. Franklin co. N. Y.; 
267 m. NNW. from Albany. 

HOGAN'S CORNER, t. Ulster co. N. Y. , 
77 m. from Albany. 

HOGESTOWN, v. Cumberland co. Pa. 

HOG ISLAND, isl. in Narraganset Bay, 
R. I. 2 m. in circuit ; 2 m. SW. from Bristol. 

HOG ISLAND, small isl. in Pamlico Sound, 
near the coast of N. C. Lon. 76° 36' W. ; lat. 
34° 56' N. 

HOG ISLAND, small isl. in the Atlantic, 
near the coast of Va. Lat. 37° 30' N. 

HOG ISLAND, below Peach Island, is sit- 
uated in the Strait of Detroit, where it opens 
into Lake St. Clair. 

HOG ISLAND, island of Lake Champlain, 
forming part of Franklin co. 

HOKESVILLE, t. Lincoln co. N. C. 

HOLDEN, t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 6 m. 
NNW. from Worcester, 46 W. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,718. 

HOLDERNESS, t. Grafton co. N. H. on E. 
side of the Merrimack ; 5 m. E. from Ply- 
mouth. Pop. 1,409. 

HOLE CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into 
the E. side of the Miami, in Montgomery co. 

HOLE IN THE WALL, v. Talbot co. 
Md. on E. shore : 7 m. S. from Easton. 

HOLE IN THE WALL, remarkable rock 
in the W. Indies, in the island of Abaco. Lat. 
25° 50' N. 

HOLE TOWN, t. Barbadoes. Lon. 58° 31 
W. ; lat. 13° 12' N. 

HOLLADAYSBURG, v. Huntingdon co, 
Pa. ; 3 m, SW. by W. from Frankstown. 

HOLLAND, t. Orleans co. Vt. ; 68 m. NNE. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 422. 

HOLLAND, t. Hampden co. Mass. ; 20 m 
ESE. from Springfield, 75 WSW. from Boston. 
Pop. 453. 

HOLLAND, New, t. Lancaster co. Pa. ; 12 
m. ENE. from Lancaster, 54 m. WNW. from 
Philadelphia. 

HOLLAND, t. Erie co. N. Y. ; 20 m. SK 
from Buffalo. Pop. 1,070. 



292 



HOL— HOP 



HOLLAND ISLANDS, in Chesapeake Bay, 
Md. N. of Smith's Island, and W. of Fishing 
Bay. 

HOLLAND'S POINT, cape on the coast 
of Maryland, in the Chesapeake ; 28 m. S. from 
Annapolis. Lon. 76° 40' W. ; lat. 38° 42' N. 

HOLLENBECK'S, v. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 
152 m. W. from Boston. 

HOLLEY'S CREEK, r. N. C. which runs 
into the Saluda, lon. 81° 29' W. ; lat. 34° 4' N. 

HOLLIDAY COVE, v. Brooke co. Va.; 30 
m. W. from Washington, Pa. 

HOLLINGSWORTH'S FARM, v. Haber- 
sham co. Geo.; 137 m. N.from Milledgeville. 

HOLLINSWORTH'S FERRY, v. Madi- 
son co. Va. 

HOLLIS, or Phillipsburg, t. York co. Me. 
on the Saco; 42 m. NNE. from York, 124 
NNE. from Boston, 567 from W. Pop. 2,273. 

HOLLIS, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 9 m. 
S. from Amherst, 40 NVV. from Boston. Pop. 
1,501. 

HOLLISTON, t. Middlesex co. Mass.; 27 
m. SW from Boston. Pop. 1,304. 

HOLLOW, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 

HOLMES, t. Oxford co. Me. 

HOLMES'S HOLE, a safe and commodious 
harbor on N. side of Martha's Vineyard, in the 
township of Tisbury ; 80 m. SSE. from Bos- 
ton. It is formed by West and East Chops ; 
the former of which is 2J, and the latter 2 m. 
from the head of the harbor. The points are 

2 1 m. apart. The depth of water is from 3 J 
to 8 fathoms. From 20 to 70 vessels bound to 
Boston, or the eastward, are frequently seen 
here waiting for a fair wind. From about 
1,000 to 1,200 sail anchor here in the course 
of a year, 

HOLMESBURG, t. Philadelphia co. Pa, ; 
9 m. NE. from Philadelphia. 

HOLMES VILLE, t. Pike co.Miso. Pop. 71. 

HOLSTON, r. Tennessee, which rises in 
Virginia, runs SW. and joins the Tennessee 

22 m. below Knoxville. It is 200 m. long, 
and navigable for boats of 25 tons 100 m. 

HOLT, Isle of or Haute, isl. on E. side of 
Penobscot Bay s Me. ; 18 m. E. from Owl's 
Head. Lon. 58° 40' W. ; lat. 44° 4' N. 

HOLT'S CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into 
the river Kentucky, lon 94° 18' W.; lat. 38° 
37' N, 

HOLT'S STORE, v. M'Minn co. Ten. ; 
157 m, from Murfreesborough. 

HOLYOKE, mt. Mass, in Hadley; 3 m. 
ESE. from Northampton ; 830 feet above the 
surface of the Connecticut river. The top of 
this mountain affords an extensive and beauti- 
ful view of the surrounding country. In a 
clear day, one may here see the elevated peaks 
of New Hampshire, the Catskill Mountains of 
New York, and the river as far as Middle- 
town. On the W. side there are basaltic col- 
umns similar to those of the Giant's Causeway. 
A road has been made to the summit of the 
mountain, and it has become a place of resort 
for parties of pleasure, and admirers of natural 
scenery. 

HOME, district, U. Canada, comprising the 
counties of York and Simcoe. 



HOMER, t. Cortlandt co. N. Y. on the 

Tioughnioga; 26 m. S. from Onondaga, 145 
W. from Albany. Pop. 3,306. 

HOMER, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 636. 

HOMOCHITTO, r. Mis. which runs SW. 
and flows into the Mississippi between Adams 
and Wilkinson cos. above Fort Adams. 

HONDA, Bay of, on the coast of S. Ameri- 
ca, in Santa Martha. Lon. 71° 6' W.; lat. 
12° N. 

HONDA BAY, bay on the N. coast of 
Cuba, 70 m. W. from Havana. Lon. 83° 25' 
W. ; lat. 22° 58' N. 

HONDA BAY, bay on the E. coast of Hon- 
duras, N. of Cape Gracias a Dios. 

HONDO, r. Mexico, in Texas, which runs 
SSE. and enters the bay of Mexico. 

HONDURAS, t. Cuba, 63 m. NE. from 
Bayamo. Lon. 76° 4' W. ; lat. 21° 21' N. 

HONDURAS, province of Guatimala, bound- 
ed N. by the bay of Honduras, W. by Vera 
Paz, E. by the Caribbean sea, and S. by the 
province of Nicaragua. It is 390 miles long 
from E. to W. and 150 from N. to S. They 
have three crops of maize in the year. Honey, 
wool, cotton, wax, mahogany, and log-wood, 
with other dyeing drugs, are its chief products. 

HONDURAS, Bay of a large bay of North 
America, formed by the coast of the province 
of Honduras on the S. and that of Yucatan on 
the W. It is well known from the settlements 
which the British have made in it, for the cut- 
ting down of mahogany and dye-woods. The 
principal is the town of Balize, on the coast of 
Yucatan, at the mouth of Balize river. 

HONDURAS CAPE, or Punta de Custilla, 
cape, on the E. side of the Gulf of Honduras. 
Lon. 86° 16' W.; lat, 16° N. 

HONEYVILLE, v. Shenandoah co. Va. 

HONEY CREEK, Ohio, which runs into 
Sandusky river, 15 m. from Upper Sandusky. 

HONEY CREEK, Ontario co. N. Y. outlet 
of a lake of the same name. 

HONEY CREEK, In. runs into the E. side 
of the Wabash, below Fort Harrison. 

HOOKSETT FALLS, and v. Merrimack 
co. N. H. 8 m. below Concord. Pop. 880. 

HOOKSTOWN, v. Eeaver co. Pa. 

HOOKSTOWN, v. Md. 6 m. NW. from 
Baltimore, and on the road to Reisterstown. 

HOOKSTOWN, Greene co. N. C. 

HOOKSTOWN, Talbot co. Md.; 3 m. N. 
from Easton. 

HOOPER'S CROSS-ROADS, v. Bedford 
co. Ten. ; 70 m. southwardly from Murfrees- 
borough. 

HOOPER'S ISLAND, E. side of the Chesa- 
peake, in Dorchester co. Md. ; E. of the mouth 
of the Patuxent. 

HOOSACK, one of the most elevated sum- 
mits of the Green mountain range, in Wil- 
liamstown, Berkshire co. Mass. 

HOOSACK RIVER, rises in Bennington 
co. Vt. and falls into the Hudson, 8 m. above 
Waterford. 

HOOSACK, t. of Rensselear co. N. Y. ; 30 
m. N. of Albany, on the E. side of Hudson 
river. Pop. 3,582. 

HOPE, t. Gaspe co. L. C. on Chaleur Bay. 



HOP— HOU 



293 



HOPE, t. Durham co. U. Canada, on Lake 
Ontario. 

HOPE, t. Waldo co. Me. ; 35 m. NE. from 
Wiscasset. Pop. 1,541. 

HOPE, small isl. Rhode Island, in Narra- 
ganset Bay. 

HOPE, t. Hamilton co. N. Y. Pop. 781. 

HOPE, t. Sussex co. N. J. 

HOPE, bay, on the NW. coast of America. 
Lat. 49° 33' N. 

HOPE, t. Warren co. N. J. a small Mora- 
vian settlement, 22 m. NE. of Easton, Pa. 

HOPEDALE, one of the missionary settle- 
ments of the United Brethren, on the coast of 
Labrador, S. of Okkak. 

HOPEFIELD, t. Phillips co. Arkansas Ter- 
ritory, on the Mississippi, opposite Chickasaw 
Bluffs. 

HOPEWELL, t. of New Brunswick, in 
Westmoreland co. on a small river flowing into 
the Bay of Fundy. 

HOPEWELL, v. Ontario co. N. Y. between 
Canandaigua and Geneva. Pop. 2,202. 

HOPEWELL, t. Cumberland co. N. J. Pop. 
1,953. 

HOPEWELL, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. on 
the NE. side of the river Delaware ; 14 m. E. 
of Princeton. Pop. 3,151. 

HOPEWELL, t. Washington co. Pa. about 
14 m. NW. by W. from W. 

HOPEWELL, v. York district, S. C. 

HOPEWELL, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 
999. 

HOPEWELL, t. Perry co. Ohio ; 5 m. N. 
from Somerset. Pop. 1,510. 

HOPEWELL, t. Muskingum co. Ohio ; 10 
m. from Zanesville. 

HOPKINS, co. Ken. Pop. 5,763. Chief 
town, Madisonville. 

HOPKINS, Point, cape on the NW. coast 
of America. Lat. 53° 5' N. 

HOPKINSV1LLE, v. Warren co. Ohio. 

HOPKINSVILLE, v. Powhatan co. Va. 

HOPKINSVILLE, t. and cap. Christian co. 
Ken. The public buildings are a court-house, 
jail, and an academy. Pop. 1,263. 

HOPKINSVILLE, t. and cap. of a county 
in Missouri. 

HOPKINTON, t. Merrimack co. N. H.; 7 
m. W. from Concord, 27 N. from Amherst, 58 
WNW. from Portsmouth. It is a valuable 
agricultural town. Here is a handsome vil- 
lage. Pop. 2,474. 

HOPKINTON, t. Middlesex co. Mass. ; 42 
m. SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,809. 

HOPKINTON, t. Washington co. R. I. ; 28 
m. W. from Newport. Pop. 1,777. 

HOPKINTON, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. ; 
37 m. E. from Ogdensburg. Pop. 827. 

HOPPENY CREEK, r. Pa. which runs 
NE. into E. branch of the Susquehannah, 
about 14 m. above Tunkhannock creek. 

HORN'S ISLAND, small island near the 
coast of S. C. 

HORNELLSVILLE, t Steuben co. N. Y. 

HORNORSVILLE, v. Culpeper co. Va. 

HORNTO WN, v. Accomac co. Va. ; 16 rn. 
S. from Snowhill. 

HORN ISLAND, on the coast of Missis- 



sippi, W. of Dauphin Island. It is 17 miles 
long. 

HORRY, district, S. C. Pop. 5,323. Con- 

wayborough is the capital. 

HORSENECK, in SW. part of Greenwich, 
Ct. ; 32 m. NE. from New York. A bloody 
battle was fought here between the Indians 
and the Dutch, in 1646. 

HORSENECK, v. Essex N. J. on S. side of 
the Passaic ; 4 m. SW. from Paterson. 

HORSENECK, cape, N. side of Long Isl- 
and, W. of Huntingdon harbor. 

HORSE SHOE, t. Randolph co. Va. 

HORSHAM, t. Montgomery co. Pa. on a 
branch of the Neshaminy. Pop. 1,086. 

HORSIMUS, v. Bergen co. N. J. on W. 
bank of the Hudson, between Jersey City and 
Hoboken. 

HORVOS, isl. in the Gulf of Mexico, near 
the N. coast of Yucatan. Lon. 70° 5' W. ; lat. 
21° 10' N. 

HOSANCOCK CREEK, r. Pa. which runs 
into the Schuylkill. 

HOSICK, r. of Vermont, Massachusetts, and 
New York, which rises in Bennington co. Vt. 
and Berkshire co. Mass. and falls into Hudson 
river at the point of separation between Rens- 
selaer and Washington cos. N. Y. 

HOSICK, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. on Hosick 
river, 31 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 3,582. 

HOSICK FALLS, v. in the NE. angle of 
Rensselaer co. N. Y. 28 m. NE. from Albany. 

HOSPITAL ISLAND, formerly Rainsford's 
Island, Mass. included within the township of 
Hingham ; 6 m. SE. from Boston. Here is a 
hospital for the reception of seamen and others 
infected with contagious disorders. 

HOT SPRINGS, in Bath co. Va. ; 7 m. 
SW. from Warm Springs. The water at this 
spring has been so hot as to boil an egg. It 
raises the thermometer to 112°, and is useful 
in some complaints. 

HOUGHTON, t. Norfolk co. U. Canada, on 
Lake Erie. 

HOUGHTON, Port, harbor on the NW. 
coast of America, between Points Hobart and 
Walpole. Lat. 57° 20' N 

HOUNSFIELD, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. ; 78 
m. N. from Utica, 176 NW. from Albany. Pop. 
3,415. It lies E. of Lake Ontario, on Hungry 
Bay, and S. of Black river. Sacket's Harbor 
is in this town. 

HOUSATONNUC, r. which rises from two 
sources, both m Berkshire co. Mass. one in 
Lanesborough, the other in Windsor. These 
branches unite m Pittsfield, and pursuing a 
southerly course of about 150 m. it flows into 
Long Island Sound between Strafford and Mil- 
ford. Towards its entrance into the sound, it 
is called Strafford river. It is navigable for 
small vessels to Derby, 12 m. Between Canaan 
and Salisbury it has falls of about 60 feet per- 
pendicular. 

HOUSTON^, v. Rowan co. N. C. 138 m. 
W. from Raleigh. 

HOUSTONVILLE, v. Iredell co. N. C. 172 
m. W. from Raleigh. 

HOUSTONVILLE, v. Pendleton district, 
S. C. 184 m. NW. from Columbia. 



294 



HOW— HUN 



HOWARD, t. Steuben co. N. Y. on Canis- 
ter river, 18 m. W. from Bath. Pop. 2,364 

HOWARD, t. Kent co. U. Canada, running 
from the Thames to Lake Erie. 

HOWARD, NW. co. of Missouri, lying N. 
from Missouri river. Pop. 10,844. Fayette 
is the capital. 

HOWELL, t. Monmouth co. N. J. 

HOWELL'S STORE, v. Clarke co. Ala. 

ROWLAND, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 
722. 

IIOYLESVILLE, v. Lincoln co. N. C. 

HUAMELUA, t. Mexico, in Oaxaca, 45 
leagues SE. from Mexico. Lon. 95° 44' W. ; 
lat. 16° 13' N. 

HUBBARD, t. Trumbull co, Ohio, 16 m. 
SE. from Warren. Pop. 1,085. 

HUBBARDSTOWN, t. Worcester co. Mass. 
Pop. 1,674. It is situated on a branch of the 
river Ware, 45 m. W. from Boston. 

HUBBARDSTOWN, t. Rutland co. Vt. 40 
m. NW. from Windsor. Pop. 865. 

HUBERT, Seigniory, Quebec co. L. C. 

HUDSON, city, port of entry, and cap. Co- 
lumbia co. N. Y. is situated on the E. bank of 
the Hudson river, which is navigable to this 
place for the largest ships, 29 m. S. from Al- 
bany 130 m. N. from New York, and 335 m. 
from W. Lat. 42° 14' N. Pop. 5,392. The 
site of Hudson is a high point, projecting' into 
the river. The city is regularly laid out, the 
streets are spacious, and cross each other at 
right angles. It contains 1 bank, 4 printing- 
offices, and 4 houses of public worship, for 
Friends, Presbyterians, Methodists, and Epis- 
copalians. It is a place of considerable trade 
and manufactures, containing establishments 
for the manufacture of cotton and woollen, 
calico printing and bleaching. There are 4 
newspapers published here. 

HUDSON RIVER, N. Y. one of the best 
for navigation in America, rises in the moun- 
tainous region, W. of Lake Cham plain, and 
pursuing a straight course a little W. of S. for 
more than 300 m. communicates with the At- 
lantic, below New York city. It has three re- 
markable expansions, Tappan bay or sea, Hav- 
erstraw bay, and a third between Fishkill and 
New Windsor. Its only large tributary is 
Mohawk river. The other waters flowing into 
it are mere mill-streams. 

HUDSON, v. Caswell co. N. C. 

HUDSON, t. Portage co. Ohio, 12 m. NW. 
from Ravenna, 23 m. SE. from Cleveland. 

HUDSON'S BAY, a large bay of North 
America, extending from lon. 78° to 95° W. ; 
and from lat. 52° to 68° N. The Hudson's 
jay company have several settlements and 
forts, especially on the west coast, where their 
agents carry on a traffic with the Indians for 
beaver-skins, and other valuable furs. 

HUDSON'S HOUSE, one of the Hudson's 
bay company's factories, in N. America, on 
the Saskatchawine. Lon. 106° 27' 20" W. ; 
lat. 53° 0' 32" N. 

HUDSON POINT, cape, on the W. coast 
of N. America, a little within the entrance of 
Admiralty inlet, in the gulf of Georgia. Lon. 
237° 33' E. ; lat. 48° 8' N. 



HUDSON'S STRAITS, the narrow sea be. 
tween the Atlantic ocean and Hudson's bay, 
N. of Labrador. 

HUEJUTTA, city, Mexico, 210 m. NE. 
from Mexico. Lon. 274° 15' W. ; lat. 22° 35' N. 

HUGHSVILLE, v. Patrick co. Va. 

HULINGSBURG, v. Armstrong co. Pa. 

HULL, t. York co. Lower Canada, on Ot- 
tawa river. 

.HULL, t. Plymouth co. Mass. on the S. side 
of Boston harbor, 9 m. E. from Boston, 36 m. 
N. from Plymouth. Pop. 196. 

HULL'S CROSS-ROADS, v. Harford co. 
Md. 

HUMBER, r. Newfoundland, which falls 
into the gulf of St. Lawrence, through the 
Bay of Islands. 

HUMBER, small river of U. C. in York co. 
falls into Lake Ontario, a short distance W. of 
York. 

HUMBERSTONE, t. Lincoln co. U. C. on 
lake Erie. 

HUME, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Pop. 951. 

HUM M ELSTO WN, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on 
Swetara creek, 10 m. E. from Harrisburg. 

HUMPHREYS, co. W. Ten. Pop. 6,189. 
Chief town, Reynoldsburg. 

HUMPHREYSVILLE, v. in Derby, New- 
Haven co. Ct. on the Naugatuck, 4 m. above 
its confluence with the Housatonnuc. Here 
are a woollen factory, cotton factory, and seve- 
ral mills. At this place, merino sheep were 
first introduced into the United States in 1801, 
by general Humphreys. 

HUMPHREYSVILLE, v. Union co. S. C. 

HUMPHREYSVILLE, v. Chester co. Pa. 

HUNDRED CREEK, r. Va. which runs 
into James river. Lon. 77° 16' W. ; lat. 37° 
10' N. 

HUNGERFORD, t. U. C. in Hastings co. 

HUNGRY BAY, bay, on the E. end of 
Lake Ontario, on which Sacket's Harbor is 
situated. 

HUNGRYTOWN, v. Lunenburg co. Va. ; 
33 m. E. from Marysville. 

HUNTER, Cape, on the SW. coast of New 
Georgia. Lon. 160° 3' E. ; lat. 9° 42' N. 

HUNTER, formerly Greenland, t. Greene 
co. N. Y. Pop. 1,960. 

HUNTERSTOWN, v. York co. Pa.; 25 m. 
W. from York. 

HUNTERDON, co, N.J. bounded NW. by 
Sussex co. N. by Morris co. E. by Somerset 
co. SE. by Burlington co. and SW. by the 
Delaware. Pop. 31,066. Chief town, Trenton 

HUNTERSTOWN, t. St. Maurice co.L.C. 
28 m. NW. from Three Rivers. 

HUNTERSTOWN, v. York co. Pa. 25 m 
W. from York. 

HUNTERSVILLE, v. Pocahontas co. Va. 

HUNTERSVILLE, v. Lincoln co. N. C. 

HUNTING CREEK, r. Va. which runs into 
the Potomac, at the S. corner of Columbia dis- 
trict. 

HUNTING CREEK TOWN, v. Dorches- 
ter co. Md. 18 m. NE. from Cambridge. 

HUNTING ISLANDS, cluster of small 
islands in the Atlantic, near Port Royal, in 
S. C. 



HUN — ILL 



295 



HUNTINGDON, co. Lower Canada, on the 
S. side of the St. Lawrence. 

HUNTINGDON, t. Hastings co. U. C. 

HUNTINGDON, co. Pa. inclosed by the 
counties of Centre, Mifflin, Franklin, Bedford, 
and Cambria. Pop. 27,159. Chief town, Hunt- 
ingdon. 

HUNTINGDON, t. and cap. Huntingdon 
co. Pa. on the N. side of the Juniatta, 50 m. 
above its mouth, 129 m. E. from Pittsburg, 
186 m. W. from Philadelphia, 148 from W. 

HUNTINGDON, v. Carroll co. Ten. 

HUNTINGDON, t. Adams co. Ohio. 

HUNTING SOUND, channel on the coast 
of N. C. between Core bank and the main. 

HUNTINGTON, t. Chittenden co. Vt. 15 
m. SE. from Burlington. Pop. 929. 

HUNTINGTON, t. Fairfield co. Ct. on the 
Housatonnuc, which separates it from Derby, 
17 m. W. from New-Haven. Pop. 1,369. 

HUNTINGTON, t. Suffolk co. on Long- 
Island, N. Y. 40 m. E. from New York. Pop. 
5,582. It extends across the island from the 
sound to the Atlantic, and contains 5 houses 
of public worship and an academy. The vil- 
lage of Huntington is built on a bay which 
sets up from the sound between Eaton's neck 
on the E. and Lloyd's neck on the W. On 
Eaton's neck is a light-house. 

HUNTINGTON, v. Laurens district, S. C. 

HUNTINGTON, t. Gallia co. Ohio, 15 m. 
NW. from Gallipolis. Pop. 694. 

HUNTINGTON, t. Ross co. Ohio, on the 
Scioto, 3 m. S. from Chillicothe. Pop. 590. 

HUNTINGTON, t. Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 
2,165. 

HUNTINGTOWN, t. Calvert co. Md. on 
Hunting creek, 22 m. NE. from Port Tobacco, 
40 m. from Annapolis. 

HUNTSBURG, v. Franklin co. Vt. near 
the line that divides this state from L. C. at 
the distance of about 12 m. E. of Lake Cham- 
plain. 

HUNTSBURG, v. Geauga co. Ohio, 250 m. 
NE. from Columbus. 

HUNT'S MILLS, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. 

HUNTSVILLE, v. Surrey co. N. C. 

HUNTSVILLE, v. Laurens district, S. C. 

HUNTSVILLE, v. Otsego co. N. Y. 

HUNTSVILLE, v. Robertson co. Ten. 

HUNTSVILLE, t. and cap. Madison co. 
Alabama. 

HURLEY, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 

HURON, one of the five great lakes, com- 
monly called the lakes of Canada. It is in the 
form of a triangle ; the SW. and NE. sides of 
which are about 200 m. that of the SE. 110 
m. It is almost separated into two lakes by 
a chain of islands, extending from its NW. 
to SE. side. This chain retains its Indian 
name of Manitoulin, or Islands of the Evil 
Spirit. Lake Huron receives the discharge of 
Lake Superior, by St. Mary's strait ; that of 
Lake Michigan by the straits of Michillimacki- 
nack ; that of Nipesing by the river du Fran- 
cois, and discharges the accumulated mass into 
the river St. Clair. It is 1,000 miles in cir- 
cumference. 



HURON, r. Ohio, which runs into Lake 
Erie, 6 m. E. from Sandusky bay. 

HURON OF ST. CLAIR, r. Michigan ter- 
ritory, which issues from a chain of small 
lakes in the neighborhood of Pontiac, and flows 
into Lake St. Clair, about 20 m. above Detroit. 

HURON OF SUPERIOR, r. NW. Territory, 
which runs into Lake Superior, and is 60 yards 
wide at its mouth. 

HURON, co. Ohio, bounded on the N. by 
Lake Erie, E. by Cuyahoga and Medina cos. 
S. by Richland, and W. by Seneca and San- 
dusky cos. It includes all the tract designated 
by the appellation of Fire-lands. Chief town, 
Norwalk. Pop. 13,345. 

HURON, t. Huron co. Ohio, on the lake 
shore ; distance 47 m. westerly from Cleveland, 
and 110 N. by E. from Columbus. Pop. 480. 

HURRICANE SHOALS, v. Jackson co. 
Geo. 91 m. NNW. from Milledgeville. 

HURRICANE, t. Lincoln co. Miso. 

HUTTONSVILLE, v. Randolph co. Va.on 
Roaring creek, and on the road from Clarks- 
burg to Beverly, 35 m. SSE. from the former. 

HYANNIS, bay of Mass. Barnstable co. 
sets up from the Atlantic ocean, between Yar- 
mouth and Barnstable. 

HYANNIS, t. on Hyannis bay, Barnstable 
co. Mass.; 97 m SE. from Boston. 

HYATTSTOWN, v. Montgomery co. Md. 
on the road from Fredericktown to W. ; 33 m. 
NW. from the latter, and 15 SSE. from the 
former. It is a small village, of a single street 
of about 30 houses, along the main road. 

HYDE, co. on the coast of N. C. Pop. 
6,177. Lake Landing is the seat of justice. 

HYDE PARK, t. Orleans co. Vt. 34 m. N 
from Montpelier. Pop. 373. 

HYDE PARK, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. on 
Hudson river, 8 m. above Poughkeepsie. Pop. 
2,554. 

HYDE PARK, v. Halifax co. N. C. 79 m. 
NE. from Raleigh. 

I. 

IBERIA, Neio, v. Louisiana, in the district 
of Attakapas, 200 m. W. of New Orleans. 

IBERVILLE, or Bayou Manchac, r. La. 
one of the outlets of the Mississippi. It leaves 
the main stream at Manchac, 20 m. below 
Baton Rouge, and after an E. course of 20 
miles, receives Amite river ; thence its course 
is SE. 40 miles, until it joins Lake Maurepas. 
It is navigable three months in the year for 
vessels drawing 3 or 4 feet water, but during 
the rest of the year, it is entirely dry, from the 
Mississippi to the mouth of the Amite river. 

IBERVILLE, co. La. on both sides of the 
Mississippi, south from Baton Rouge. Pop. 
7,050. 

IBERVILLE, t. and cap. Iberville co. La. 
on the Mississippi ; 100 m. above New Orleans. 
1,256 m. from W. 

ILLINOIS, r. II. is formed by the union of 
the Kankakee and the Desplanes, and travers- 
ing the state in a SW. direction nearly 400 m. 
joins the Mississippi in Ion. 90° 18' W. ; and 
lat. 38° 58' 23" N. 18 m. above the Missouri. It 



296 



ILL— IND 



is 400 yards wide at its mouth, has a gentle I 
current, unbroken by rapids, and is navigable! 
for boats throughout its course. It is proposed 
to connect the Desplanes with the Chicago, a 
river of Michigan, by a canal. 

ILLINOIS, one of the U. S. See page 142. 

ILLINOIS, r. Arkansas, flows S. and joins 
the Arkansas, 4 m. above Canadian river. On 
the banks a few miles from its mouth are salt 
springs. 

ILLINOIS, r. Arkansas, on which is the 
settlement of Dwight. 

INDEPENDENCE, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. 
Pop. 877. 

INDEPENDENCE, t. Warren co. N. J. 
Pop. 2,126. 

INDEPENDENCE, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. 
Pop. 245. 

INDEPENDENCE, t. and cap. Bond co. 
II. on Kaskaskia river. 

INDIANA, co. Pa. bounded by Westmore- 
land SW. Armstrong W. Jefferson N. Clear- 
field NE. and Cambria SE. Length 33 miles, 
breadth 23. Pop. 14,251. Chief town, In- 
diana. 

INDIANA, t. and cap. Indiana co. Pa. 26 
m. SE. from Kittaning, 270 from Philadelphia. 
Pop. 433. 



INDIANA, one of the U. S. See page 139. 

INDIANAPOLIS, t. Marion co. and cap. 
of Indiana, situated on the west bank of White 
river, in the centre of one of the most exten- 
sive and fertile bodies of land in the western 
world ; nearly central to the state, and at a 
point accessible by steam-boats, in common 
stages of the Wabash. No river in America, 
according to its size and extent, waters greater 
bodies of fertile land, than White river. The 
country is settling about this town with unex 
ampled rapidity. But a few years since, it was 
a solid and deep forest, where the surprised 
traveller now sees the buildings of a metropo- 
lis, compact streets and squares of brick build- 
ings, respectable public buildings, manufacto- 
ries, mechanic shops, printing-offices, business 
and bustle. Such is the present aspect of 
Indianapolis, which contains 200 houses, and 
1,200 inhabitants. It will, probably, become 
one of the largest towns between Cincinnati 
and the Mississippi. 

INDIAN-TOWN, v. Dorchester co. Md. 
3 m. SW. from Newmarket. 

INDIAN-TOWN, t. Currituck co. N. C. 
52 m. ENE. from Edenton. 

INDIAN-TOWN, t. Williamsburg co. S.C. 




WEST-INDIA PRODUCTIONS. 



INDIES, West. This is a long chain of 
Islands, that stretch in the form of an arch or 
bow, between North and South America, from 
the Gulf of Florida, to that of Venezuela. 
They are called by some geographers the Co- 
lumbian Archipelago. They have been called 
Antilles from the Latin ante insulas. They 
are often called Caribbees, and by the North 
Americans, the West Indies. They are divid- 
ed into the greater and less Antilles, and some- 
times into the windward and leeward islands. 
These islands, with the exception of Hayti and 
Margarita, belong to different European states, 
chiefly to Great Britain, Spain, and France. 
The four Great Antilles, namely, Cuba, Hayti, 
Jamaica, and Porto Rico, are the largest and 
most important. Some of the most considera- 
ble of the Caribbee Isles, are Guadaloupe, Mar- 
tinique or Martinico, and Barbadoes. The Ba- 
hama Islands are numerous, but not very im- 
portant. One of them, now called Cat Island, 
is celebrated for being the first land in America 
that was seen by Columbus. There are moun- 



tains on all the larger islands of this Archipel- 
ago. The highest are on the west of St. Do- 
mingo, the east of Cuba, and the north of Ja- 
maica. Volcanoes have been observed in Gua- 
daloupe, and some other islands. Their gen, 
eral geological feature is abrupt transition from 
mountains to plains, marked by steep and 
craggy rocks. Coral and madrepore rocks are 
common on the different coasts. Cuba and 
the Bahamas are surrounded by labyrinths of 
low rocks, several of which are covered with 
palm trees. These islands are generally situ- 
ated under the tropic of Cancer, and there is 
very little difference in the climate ; so that 
the observations touching one of them will 
generally apply to the whole. The periodical 
rains, which give birth to the spring of the 
country, commence in May, and the brown of 
vegetation changes to a deep verdure. The 
periodical rains fall about noon, and cause a 
luxuriant vegetation. The medium standing 
of the thermometer is 78° Fahr. These show- 
ers are followed by the splendor of tropical 



LND — IND 



297 



summer. The sky is nearly cloudless, and the 
heat would be almost insupportable, but for the 
sea breeze. The moon emits a light, by which 
a person can see to read the smallest print by 
night. The thermometer now often rises above 
90°, and suffocating calms announce the re- 
approach of the great periodical rains. Fiery 
clouds are seen in the atmosphere, and the 
mountains seem nearer, than at other times. 
The rains fall in torrents. It is said, that 87 
inches fell in one year. Iron rusts rapidly ; 
humidity is great, and the inhabitants live in 
a kind of vapor bath. The climate is then re- 
laxing, unwholesome, and dangerous to a Eu- 
ropean. Putrid and yellow fever ensues, as 
some say from miasma, and others whimsical- 
ly affirm from lunar influence. It is now gen- 
erally believed not to be contagious, and less 
dangerous on elevated, than marshy districts. 
The temperate zone of the Antilles commences 
at 1,400 feet above the level of the sea. The 
mountains at an elevation of 4000 feet are 
subject to mists and rains. Most of the wild 
animals indigenous to this climate are of a 
smaller size. The scorpion is found only in 
the large islands. Negroes are sometimes ex- 
posed to the murderous bite of the cayman or 
crocodile. Parrots of various species glitter 
in the woods, and innumerable aquatic birds 
congregate on the shores. Humming birds, 
darting along the bright flowers, vie in thsir 
plumage with the flowers, the emerald and 
ruby. All the tropical plants, shrubs and trees 
are natives of this climate. A canoe made 
from a single trunk of a cotton tree, has been 
known to contain a hundred persons ; and the 



leaf of one species of palm will shade five or 
six men. The palmetto, or mountain cabbage 
tree, grows 200 feet high, and its verdant sum- 
mit trembles from the slightest breeze. A 
splendid variety of the noblest trees graces the 
plantations. Lemon, orange and pomegranate 
trees perfume the air with the aroma of their 
flowers ; while their branches are loaded with 
fruit. The apple, peach and grape ripen in 
the mountains. The date, sapota, sapotilla, 
mammee, rose apple, mango, different species 
of spondias and annonas, and most of the ori- 
ental tropical fruits ripen on the sultry plains. 
We should not have space to enumerate the 
splendid varieties of flowering shrubs, opuntias, 
thistles, and lianes. The polypodium arboreum, 
at a distance, might be mistaken for the palm 
tree, on account of its lofty trunk, and the 
broad leaves on its summit. Lignum vitas, 
wintera-canela, cinchona caribea, wild vanilla, 
aloes, arnatto, and pimento are all either indi- 
genous, or cultivated here. The igname and 
potato, manioc and angola peas are the food 
of the negroes. Sugar cane of the various 
species is the well known and most abundant 
production of these islands. No conflagration 
is more rapid or alarming than a fire in a dry 
cane field, which frequently occurs. Two va- 
rieties of the cotton, the green seed and the 
small seed, are the most common kinds culti- 
vated. The coffee of the country is a native 
of Arabia Felix. It seldom bears before the 
third season ; sometimes not till the sixth. It 
never lasts more than 30 years, and frequently 
decays before that time. A single plant pro- 
duces from one to four pounds. 



TABULAR VIEW 
OF THE PRINCIPAL WEST-INDIA ISLANDS. 



Belonging to Sq. ras. 

Bahama i 

Providence V Britain 5,500 

Abaco, &c y 

Hayti Independent. . .28,000 

Cuba Spain 50,000, 

Jamaica Britain 6,400, 

Porto Rico Spain 4,000 . 

Leeward Islands. 

Guadaloupe France 675, 

Antigua Britain 93 . 

Santa Cruz Denmark 100, 

St. Christopher .... Britain 70 , 

Dominica Britain 29, 

St. Eustatia Holland 22. 

Mariegalante France 90, 

Montserrat Britain 78. 

Tortola, &c Britain 90. 

Nevis Britain 20. 

St. Bartholomew. . .Sweden 60 . 

Virgin Gorda Britain 80 . 

St. Martin Holland 90. 

St. Thomas Denmark 40. 

Anguilla Britain 30 . 

2N 



Pop. 

. 16,000 

, 935,000 , 
704,000. 
,386,000. 
225,000. 

126,000. 
36,000 . 
33,000. 
24,000. 
19,000. 
14,000. 
12,000. 



7,000 
11,000 
8,000 
8,000 
6,000 
5,000 
800, 



Chief towns. 

. Nassau 

. Port au Prince 
. Havana 
. Kingston 
. St. Juan 

. Basse Terre 
. St. John's 
.Santa Cruz 
. Basse Terre 
, Roseau 
.The Bay 
.Basse Terre 
, Plymouth 
, Road Harbor 

Charlestown 

Gustavia 



298 



IND — ISL 



TABULAR VIEW — Continued. 
Windward Islands. 
Belonging to Sq. ms. 



Martinique France 370 .. , 

Barbadoes Britain 166.. 

Grenada Britain 110.. 

Trinidad Britain 1,700.. 



<! St. Vincent Britain. . 

St. Lucia Britain. . 

Tobago Britain . . 

Margarita Colombia 

„ Curacoa Holland . 

INDUSTRY, t. Somerset co. Me. 13 m. W. 
from Norridgewock. Pop. 902. 

INGLESVILLE, y. Montgomery eo. Va. 

INTERIOR PARISH, v. La Fourche co 
La. 

IONIA, v. Onondago co. N. Y., NW. from 
Salina, and 157 m. NW. from Albany. 

IOWA TOWN, t. NW. Territory, on E, 
side of the river Mississippi. Lon. 91° 15' W.; 
lat. 40° 30' N. 

IOWA, r. La. which runs into the Missis 
sippi, lat. 40° 38' N. 

IOWA, Upper, r. La. which runs into the 
Mississippi, 40 m. N. from Ouisconsin. 

IPSWICH, r. Mass. which rises in Wiiming 
ton, runs NE. and flows into Ipswich harbor. 

IPSWICH, t. and port of entry, Essex co, 
Mass. 12 m. NNE. from Salem, 12 SSW. from 
Newburyport, 27 NNE. from Boston. Lon. 70° 
51' W. ; lat. 42° 41' N. Pop. 2,951. Here are 
several churches for Congregation alists, and 
also a society of Baptists. The village stands 
on the N. side of Ipswich river, about a mile 
from its month, and contains a court-house and 
jail, a free grammar school, and other public 
buildings. Here is an excellent stone bridge 
across the river. It is a place of considerable 
maritime trade, and does some ship-building. 

IRA, t. Rutland co. Vt. 40 m. W. from 
Windsor. Pop. 442. 

IRA, t. Cayuga co. N. Y., N. from Seneca 
river, and about 20 m. a little E. of N. from 
Auburn. 

IRASBURG, t. and cap. Orleans co. Vt. 50 
m. NNE. from Montpelier, 568 from W. Pop. 
860. It is watered by Black river. 

IREDELL, co. N.C. Pop. 15,262. States- 
ville is the chief town. 

IRELAND, v. Hampden co. Mass. 

IRONDEQUOT, bay of Lake Ontario, Mon- 
roe co. N. Y. 

IRONDEQUOT, creek, Monroe co. N. Y. 
discharges its waters into the bay of the same 
name. The Grand Western Canal of New 
York crosses this creek, by very expensive 
and massive works. 

IRON MOUNTAINS, local term for that 
ridge of the Apalachian chain, which sepa- 
rates North Carolina from Tennessee. 

IROQUOIS, Pointe Aux, St. Lawrence co. 
N. Y. on the river St. Lawrence, 6 or 7 miles 
above the Rapid Plat. It is advantageously 
situated for commanding the passage up and 
down the St. Lawrence. 



130. 
225. 
140. 
350. 
600. 



Pop. Chief towns 

.102,000.... St. Pierre 

.101,000 Bridgetown 

. 29,000 .... St. George 
. 52,000.... Port of Spain 

. 25,000 Kingston 

. 18,000 Carenage 

. 1 4,000 .... Scarborough 
. 15,000 .... Ascension 
. 12,000 Williamstadt 



IRVILLE, v. Muskingum co. Ohio. 

IRWIN, co. Georgia, bounding Florida. 

IRWINTON, t. Wilkinson co. Geo. 18 rm 
S. by W. from Milledgeville. It contains a 
court-house, a jail, and a Methodist meeting- 
house. 

ISAAC'S CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into 
the Ohio, 1 mile below Manchester. 

ISBELLSVILLE, v. Todd co. Ken. 

ISINGLASS, r. N. H. which flows into the 
Chocheco. 

ISLAND CREEK, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. 
ISLE AUX NOIX, an island in Sorel r. 
L. C. about 10 m. from Lake Champlain. 
ISLEBOROUGH, t. Waldo co. Me. 
ISLE OF BEEVES, isl. N. America, in the 
Bay of Cam peachy, 17 m. long, and 8 broad. 
It is fertile, and abounds in cattle and fruits. 

ISLE OF HOOKSET FALLS, N. H. on 
the Merrimack, between Dunbarton and Ches. 
ter, 400 rods below the entrance of Suncook 
river, 8 m. above Amoskeag Falls, 8 S. by E. 
from Concord. These falls are shunned by a 
canal, and a bridge is erected across the river 
at the falls, over which passes the Londonderry 
turnpike. Here is a small village, containing 
a post-office. 

ISLE JESUS, isl. and seigniory, Effingham 
co. L. C. It is situated NE. from the island of 
Montreal with an intervening channel of St. 
Lawrence river. 

ISLE OF ORLEANS, isl. co. and seign- 
iory, L. C. in St. Lawrence river, commencing 
4 m. below Quebec. 

ISLE ROYAL, long island of Lake Supe- 
rior, 100 m. long, and 40 wide in some places. 

ISLE DE ST. JOHN, Seigniory, Devon co. 
L. C. on the SE. side of the St. Lawrence, 45 
m. below Quebec. 

ISLE DU PORTAGE, Seigniory, Cornwal- 
lis co. L. C. on the SE. side of the St. Lawrence, 
85 m. below Quebec. 

ISLE OF SHOALS, a cluster of small 
islands near the coast of New Hampshire, be- 
tween Newburyport and Portsmouth, belong- 
ing to New Hampshire and Maine. The New 
Hampshire portion constitutes the township of 
Gosport. They are barren heaps of sand and 
rocks, with hardly a green sod upon them, yet 
were once populous and wealthy. The inhab- 
itants live solely by fishing, and the Isle of 
Shoals dun-Jish are well known as the best 
cured cod in the world. They have now about 
100 inhabitants, and a light-house'has been re- 



ISL— JAC 



299 



cently built here. A cave is still shown upon 
one of them, in which one of the female inhab- 
itants secreted herseYf when the islands were 
invaded by the Indians. The celebrated cap- 
tain Smith discovered these islands, and they 
were formerly called Smith's Isles. 

ISLE OF WIGHT, co. Va. bounded by 
Nansemond SE. by Blackwater river or South- 
ampton SW. Surrey NW. and James river NE. 
Length 30 m. mean width 15. Chief town, 
Smithfield. Pop. in 1820, 10,139; in 1830, 
10,517. 

ISLE OF WIGHT, v. Isle of Wight co. 
Va. 30 m. W. from Norfolk, and 89 SE, from 
Richmond. Lat. 36° 50' N. ; Ion. from W. 
28' E. 

ISLIP, t. Suffolk co. N. Y. on Long Island. 

ISTAPA, t. Mexico, in the province of Cu- 
liacan, 40 m. E. by S. of Culiacan. 

ITALY, t Yates co. N. Y. 

ITHACA, t. and cap. Tompkins co. N. Y. 
on Cayuga Lake. Pop. 5,270. It has several 
manufactories, and is surrounded by beautiful 
scenery. There are some beautiful cataracts 
in the neighborhood. Distance from W. 290 m. 

IXWORTH, t. Cornwallis co. L. C. 63 m. 
NE. from Quebec. 

IZQUINTENANNO, t. Mexico, in the 
province of Chiapa. The country about it pro 
duces cotton and a great quantity of pine-ap 
pies. It is 100 m. SE. of Chiapa. 



JACKSON, t. Waldo co. Maine, 23 m. NW 
from Castine. Pop. 493. 

JACKSON, t Washington co. N. Y. 

JACKSON, v. Louisa co. Va. 

JACKSON, co. Geo. bounded by Clark SE. 
Walton SW. Hall and Habersham NW. and 
Franklin and Madison NE. Length 25 m. 
mean width 20 m. Chief town, Jefferson. Pop. 
in 1820, 8,355; in 1830, 9,000, of whom 2,816 
are colored. 

JACKSON, co. of Ohio, around the Scioto 
salt works, bounded by Lawrence S. 'Scioto 
SW. Pike W. Ross NW. Hocking N. Athens 
NE. and Gallia SE. Length 30, width 20 m. 
Stone coal and salt springs are found here. 
Chief town, Jackson. Pop. in 1820, 3,746 ; in 
1830, 5,974. 

JACKSON, v. and seat of justice, Jackson 
co. Ohio, 28 m. SE. from Chillicothe, 74 SE, 
from Columbus, from W. 387 m. Pop. 329. 

JACKSON, t. in the southern part of Frank- 
lin co. Ohio. Pop. 385. 

JACKSON, t. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 882. 

JACKSON, t. of Pickaway co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,063. 

JACKSON, t. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,365. 

JACKSON, NE. t. Pike co. Ohio. Pop. 894. 

JACKSON, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 623. 

JACKSON, t. Champaign co. Ohio, con 
taining 1,134 inhabitants. 

JACKSON, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 649. 

JACKSON, t. in the southern limits of Mon- 
roe co. Ohio. Pop. 604. 

JACKSON, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 1,081. 

JACKSON t Perry co. Ohio. Pop. 1,352. 



JACKSON, t. in the western borders of 
Montgomery co. and adjoining the co. of Preble, 
Ohio. Pop. 1,377. 

JACKSON, Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 1,152. 

JACKSON, the north-westernmost t. of 
Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 593. 

JACKSON, co. In. on White River, bounded 
SE. by Scott, S. by Washington, W. by Law- 
rence, NW. by Monroe, N. by Delaware, and 
E. by Jennings cos. ; length 30 m. mean width 
19. Chief town, Brownstown. Pop. 4,894. 

JACKSON, v. Jackson co. In. 84 m. south- 
ward from Indianapolis. 

JACKSON, co. II. bounded by the Missis- 
sippi river SW. by Randolph NW. and N. 
Franklin E. and Union co. S. ; length 30 m. 
mean width 24. Chief town, Brownsville. Pop. 
1820, 1,542 ; in 1830, 1,827. 

JACKSON, v. and seat of justice, Cape Gi- 
rardeau co. 12 m. NW. from Cape Girardeau, 
and about 10 in a direct line from the Missis- 
sippi river, and 856 m. from W. Lat. 37° 26' ; 
Ion. from W. 12° 20' W. 

JACKSON, co. W. Ten. bounded S. by 
White, W. by Smith, N. by Monroe co. in 
Kent, and E. by Overton. Length 28 m. mean 
width 18. Cumberland river crosses this co. 
in an oblique direction from NE. to SW. Chief 
town, Gainesborough. Pop. in 1820, 7,593 ; in 
1830, 9,902. 

JACKSON, v. and seat of justice, Madison 
co. Ten. on the S. branch of Forked Deer 
river. N. lat. 35° 58', and 198 m. a little S. of 
W. from Murfreesborough ; 861 from W. Pop 
11,750. 

• JACKSON, v. on the left bank of Tombig- 
bee river. Clarke co. Al. 12 m. below, and SE. 
from St. Stephens. 

JACKSON, NE. co. of Al. N. of Tennessee 
river, bounded by Tennessee river SE. by De- 
catur co. SW. and by Franklin and Marion 
cos. N. It is nearly in form of a triangle ; 30 
m. by a direct line along Tennessee river, an 
equal distance on Decatur co. and an equal 
distance along the S. boundary of Tennessee 
Chief town, Bellefonte. Pop. in 1820, 8,751 , 
in 1830, 12,702. 

JACKSON, co. Mississippi, on the gulf ot 
Mexico, at the mouth of the Pascagoula. Pop 
1,789, of whom 321 are colored. 

JACKSON, t. and cap. Feliciana co. Louis 
iana, on Thompson's creek, 12 m. W. of the 
Mississippi. Its public buildings are a court 
house, jail, and academy. Pop. 200. 

JACKSONBOROUGH, t. Colleton district 
S. C. on the W. side of Edisto river, 33 m. W 
from Charleston. 

JACKSONBOROUGH, t. and cap. Scriven 
co. Geo. on Briar creek, 69 m. NW. from Sa- 
vannah, 54 m. SE. from Augusta, and 634 m. 
from W. 

JACKSONBURG, t. ano cap. Campbell co. 
East Tennessee, N. of Knoxville, and 543 m. 
from W. 

JACKSON'S MILLS, v. Harrison co. Va. 

JACKSON'S RIVER, Va. rises in the Warm 
Spring mountains, and flowing SW. is joined 
by Cowpasture river, and forms James river. 
Near its source is a perpendicular fall of 200 feet. 



300 



JAC— JAM 



JACKSON TOWN, v. Jackson co. Al. 

JACKSONVILLE, v. Wood co. Va. 

JACKSONVILLE, or Telfairton, t. and cap. 
Telfair co. Geo. 753 m. from W. 

JACKSONVILLE, v. Fairfield co. Ohio, 
18 m. NW. from Lancaster. 

JACOBSBURG, v. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 
100. 

JACQUES C ARTIER, r. L.C. which rises 
in some svnall lakes, in Ion. 71° 20' W. ; lat. 
48° N. and falls into the St. Lawrence in the 
seigniory of the same name* 

JACQUES C ARTIER, seigniory, Hamp- 
shire co. L. C. extending- from the N. bank of 
St. Lawrence river, between the seigniory of 
D'Auteuil, and the Barony of Portneuf, cross- 
ing the rivers Jacques Cartier, Savonnis, and 
St. Anne. 

JAFFREY, t. Cheshire co. New Hamp- 
shire, 36 m. SW. from Concord. Pop. 1,354. 
Here are found red and yellow ochre, alum, 
vitriol, and black lead. A company is incor- 
porated for the manufacture of earthenware. 
Grand Monadnock mountain is in this town. 

JAMAICA, one of the West-India islands. 
It is the third in point of size, but the first in 
point of commercial importance. It is 150 m. 
long, and 60 broad, but narrower towards the 
extremities, resembling an ellipsis. The Blue 
Mountains pervade this island from one ex- 
tremity to the other. The plains abound in 
excellent pasturage for cattle, and flourishing 
sugar plantations. The mountains near Span- 
ish Town are resorted to, on account of their 
mineral waters. Lead is the only metal found 
here. The summit of the highest mountain 
is 7,800 feet above the level of the sea. Sugar 
is the great staple of this island, and although 
much more abundant in some seasons than in 
others, is more uniform than in the other islands. 
But the colonists of late have directed their 
attention much to the cultivation of cotton. 
Pimento and ginger are among the products. 
The finest mahogany abounds. The soap tree 
is common. The bread fruit tree has been 
transplanted here, and all the tropical fruits 
and productions come to maturity, such as 
oranges, lemons, shaddocks, citrons, pome- 
granates, pine-apples, prickly pears, and many 
others. The plantain, which Jamaica, in com- 
mon with the other West-India islands, pro- 
duces in abundance, is one of the most agreea- 
able and nutritious vegetables m the world. 
Jamaica contains three counties, Middlesex, 
Surrey, and Cornwall. The government is 
composed of the legislative assembly, and a 
governor and council appointed by the king. 
The chief towns are Kingston and St. Jago de 
la Vega, or Spanish town. The latter is the 
seat of government. Port Royal, once the 
largest town in the island, was destroyed by a 
tremendous earthquake. The population of 
the whole island is about 400,000 souls, of 
whom only 40,000 are whites. 

JAMAICA, t. Windham co. Vt. 35 m. SW. 
from Windsor. Pop. 1,523. 

JAMAICA, v. Queens co. Long Island, N. Y. 
13 m. E. from New- York. Pop. of the t 2,376. 



The village contains an academy, and 3 or 4 
places of public worship. 

JAMAICA PLAINS, in the W. part of 
Roxbury, Mass. ; 5 m. SW. from Boston. They 
encompass a pond containing 160 acres, and 
are remarkable for their delightful scenery and 
elegant country-seats. 

JAMES BAY, the southern extension of 
Hudson's bay. It abounds with islands of va- 
rious extent, and reaches as far south as lat. 
52° N. receiving a number of rivers, the prin- 
cipal of which are Albany, Moose, Hurricane, 
and East Maine. 

JAMES, island on the coast of S. C. be- 
tween Stono river, and Charleston harbor. 

JAMES CITY, co. Va. between York and 
James river, and bounded by Warwick SE. 
James river and Chickihominy river SW. New 
Kent NW. and York river and York co. NE. 
Length 23 m. mean width about 8. Chief 
town, Williamsburg. Pop. in 1820, 3,161 ; in 
1830, 3,838. 

JAMES CITY, v. Madison co, Va. 

JAMES ISLAND, small island in the river 
Ashley, 3 m. S. from Charleston. Lon. 80° 
W. ; lat. 32° 44' N. 

JAMES ISLAND, small island near the 
coast of Maryland, in the Chesapeake. Lon. 
76° 25' W. ; lat. 38° 40' N. 

JAMES RIVER, r. Va. formed by the union 
of Jackson and Cowpasture rivers. At the 
point where it begins to break through the 
Blue Ridge, it is joined by North river. The 
flourishing towns of Lynchburg and Rich- 
mond stand on its banks. It joins the Atlan- 
tic in Hampton Read, at the mouth of Chesa- 
peake Bay. Its general course is S. of E. A 
40 gun ship may go up to Jamestown, and by 
lightening herself", to Harrison's bar, where 
there are 15 feet of water. It is navigable 
for sloops as far up as Richmond, and for ba- 
teaux 220 m. above Richmond, opening a val- 
uable navigation into an extensive and pro- 
ductive country. 

JAMES RIVER, Arkansas, rises in the 
highlands a few miles S. of the Gasconade, 
and running SW. 200 m. during which course 
it receives Findley's river and other streams, 
enters White river 1,000 m. from its mouth. 
The soil on its banks is among the most fer- 
tile of any in the valley of the Mississippi. 
Lead mines occur on its banks 20 m. above 
the junction of Findley's river. 

JAMESTOWN, t. Newport co. R. I. on 
Canonicut Island, 2 m. W. from Newport. 
Pop. 414. 

JAMESTOWN, t. James City co. Va. on 
an island in James river, 32 m. above its 
mouth, 8 m. SW. from Williamsburg, 65 ESE 
from Richmond. This town was established 
in 1608, and was the first settled town by the 
English in the U. States. The town is now 
in ruins, and almost desolate; two or three 
old houses, the ruins of an old steeple, a church- 
yard, and faint marks of rude fortifications, are 
the only memorials of its former importance. 

JAMESTOWN, v. Guilford co. N. C. 

JAMESTOWN, v. Prince Edward co. Va 



JAM— JEF 



301 



on the Appomatox, 12 m. NE. of the court- 
house. 

JAMESVILLE, v. Onondago eo. N. Y. in 
Manlius, 4 m. E. from Onondaga Hollow, 46 
W. from Utica. 

JAMESVILLE, v. Clarendon district, S. C. 

JAQUES, or James, r. La. which flows into 
the Missouri, 150 m. from the Mississippi. 

JASPER, co. Geo. bounded S. by Jones, W. 
by Henry and Newton, N. by Walton, E. by 
Putnam. Length 25 m. breadth 18. Pop. 
in 1820, 13,614; in 1830, 13,131. Chief town, 
Monticello. 

JAUFLIONE, r. La. which runs into the 
Mississippi, Ion. 91° 45' W. ; lat. 39° 26' N. 

JAY, t. Orleans co. Vt. 60 m. N. from Mont- 
pelier. Pop. 196. 

JAY, t. Oxford co. Me. 21 m. NE. from 
Paris, 175 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,276. 

JAY, t. Essex co. N. Y. 141 m. N. from 
Albany. Pop. 1,729. 

JEAN RABEL, t. of St. Domingo on the 
sea-coast, 12 m. NE. from St. Nicholas le Mole, 
Ion. 73 3 20' W. ; lat. 19° 55' N. 

JEFFERSON, t. Lincoln co. Me. 28 m. 
NE. from Wiscasset, 200 NE. from Boston. 
Pop. 2,074. 

JEFFERSON, t. Coos co. N. H. 7 m. SE. 
from Lancaster. Pop. 495. 

JEFFERSON, co. N. Y. bounded NW. by 
the St. Lawrence, NE. by St. Lawrence co. 
SE. by Lewis and Oswego cos. S. by Oneida 
co. and W. by Lake Ontario. Pop. in 1820, 
32,952 ; in 1830, 48,515. Chief town, Water- 
town. 

JEFFERSON, t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 48 m. 
SW. from Albany. Pop. 1,743. 

JEFFERSON, t. Morris co. N. J. Pop. 
1,551. 

JEFFERSON co. NW. part of Pa. bounded 
N. by Warren and M'Kean cos. E. by M'Kean 
and Clearfield cos. S. by Indiana co. and W. 
by Armstrong and Venango cos. Pop. 2,225. 
Chief town, Brookville. 

JEFFERSON, v. Jefferson co. Pa. 

JEFFERSON, t. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 
1,292. 

JEFFERSON, t. Washington co. Pa. 17 m. 
from Washington, Pa. 

JEFFERSON, co. N. part of Va. bounded 
NE. by the Potomac, E. by Loudon co. S. by 
Frederick co. and W. by Berkeley co. Pop. 
12,927, of whom 3,999 are colored. Chief town, 
Charlestown. 

JEFFERSON, co. E. part of Ohio. Pop. 
22,489. Chief town, Steubenville. 

JEFFERSON, t. Scioto co. Ohio. Pop. 
566. 

JEFFERSON, t. Ross co. Ohio. Pop. 1,645. 
JEFFERSON, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,402. 

JEFFERSON, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,240. 

JEFFERSON, t. Montgomery co. Ohio. 
Pop. 1,757. 

JEFFERSON, t. Fayette co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,267. 

JEFFERSON, t. Madison co. Ohio, Pop. 
409. 



JEFFERSON, t and cap. Ashtabula co. 
Ohio, on MiU creek, about 65 m. E. from 
Cleveland. Pop. 270. 

JEFFERSON, t. Pickaway co. Ohio. It 
is situated in Pickaway Plains, 3 m. S. from 
Circleville, 16 N. from Chiilicothe. Pop. 119. 

JEFFERSON, co. N. part of Ken. on the 
Ohio. Pop. 24,002. Chief town, Louisville. 

JEFFERSON, co. E. Ten. Pop. 11,799. 
Chief town, Dandridge. 

JEFFERSON, t. Rutherford co. Ten. 22 m. 
SSE. from Nashville. Near this town there is 
a mineral spring. 

JEFFERSON, co. central part of Georgia. 
Pop. 7,309, of whom 3,706 are colored. Chief 
town, Louisville. Jefferson Baths, in this 
county, 12 m. NE. from Louisville, are much 
resorted to. 

JEFFERSON, t. Camden co. Georgia, on 
the Great Satilla, 56 m. SW. from Darien. 
It is the seat of justice for the county. It is 
situated about 20 m. from the mouth of the 
river. 

JEFFERSON, co. Miso. bounded by the 
Mississippi river E. St. Genevieve and Wash- 
ington cos. S. Franklin W. and NW. and Mer- 
rimack river or St. Louis co. N. Length 30 
m. width 25. Chief town, Herculaneum. Pop. 
in 1820, 1,835 ; in 1830, 2,586. 

JEFFERSON, t. and cap. Jackson co. Geo. 
It contains a court-house and a jail. 

JEFFERSON, r. N. America. It is a fork 
of the Missouri in the Rocky Mountains. 

JEFFERSON, co. of Mis. on the Missis- 
sippi river, bounded by that stream NW. by 
Claiborne N. uncertain on the E. by Franklin 
S. and Adams SW. Length 30 m. breadth 
18. Besides the Mississippi river, this county 
is watered by Fairchilds and Coles creeks, in 
the centre, and by the sources of Homochitto 
river, and Bayou Pierre, in the E. Pop. in 
1820, 6,822; in 1830, 9,755. Chief town, 
Greenville. 

JEFFERSON CITY, v. Cole co. Miso. on 
the right bank of Missouri river, 15 m. above 
the mouth of Osage river. 

JEFFERSON RIVER, NW. branch of the 
Missouri, joins Madison river at lat. 45° N. ; 
Ion. 30° 45' W. from W. and forms the Mis- 
souri. A short distance below their junction, 
Gallatin's river enters the united stream from 
the SE. 

JEFFERSONTON, v. Culpeper co. Va. 20 
m. N. from Culpeper. 

JEFFERSONTON, v. Ashe co. N. C. 

JEFFERSONTOWN, t. Jefferson co. Ken. 

JEFFERSONVILLE, t. Tazewell co. Va 
on N. fork of Clinch river, 50 m. NE. from 
Abingdon. 

JEFFERSONVILLE, t. Clark co Indiana, 
on the Ohio, just above the Rapids, and nearly 
opposite Louisville. Lat. 38° 30' N. It is a 
flourishing town, and contains a land office, 
and about 130 houses. 

JEFFERY'S CREEK, r. S. C. which runs 
into the Great Pedee, Ion. 79° 29' W. ; lat. 34 3 
8' N. 

JEFFERY'S LEDGE, a sand-bank on the 
coast of Massachusetts, between Cape Ann 



302 



JEM — J OH 



and Casco Bay. Lon. 69° 38' W.; lat. 43° 
10' N. 

JEMAPPE, v. Caroline co. Va. 

JENITO BRIDGE, v. Powhatan co. Va. 

JENKINTOWN, t. Montgomery co. Pa. 
12 m. N. from Philadelphia. 

JENKINS' ISLAND, small island near the 
coast of S. C. Lon. 80° 40' W.; lat. 32° 
20' N. 

JENNERVILLE, v. Somerset co. Pa. 

JENNERVILLE, v. Chester co. Pa. 

JENNINGS, co. In. bounded by Jefferson 
NE. Scott and Jackson SVV. Delaware NW. 
and Ripley E. Length 24 m. breadth 18. Soil 
productive, Chief town, Mount Vernon. Pop. 
in 1820, 2,000 ; in 1830, 3,950. Lat. 39° N. ; 
lon. 8° 30' W. from W. 

JENNINGS' ORDINARY, t. Nottaway 
co. Va. 69 m. SW. from Richmond. 

JEREMIE, t. and cape on the N. side of 
the southern peninsula of the island of St. Do- 
mingo. The town is situate on an eminence, 
in a fertile soil, particularly excellent for the I Leeward islands, 
culture of coffee, 5 rn. W. of St. Domingo. 1 4' N, 
Lon. 3° 5' E. ; lat. 18° 42' N. from W. 

JERICHO, t. Chittenden co. Vt. on N. side 
of Onion river, 15 m. E. from Burlington. Pop. 
1,654. 

JERICHO. See Bainbridge. 
JERICHO, v. in Oyster Bay, Long Island, 
N.Y. 

JEROMESVILLE, v. Wayne co. Ohio. 

JERSEY, t. Steuben co. N. Y. Pop. 2,391. 

JERSEY CITY, or Paulus Hook, t. Ber- 
gen co. N. J. on the Hudson, opposite New 
York, 1 m. distant, 226 from W. It contains 
a bank. 

JERSEYTOWN, v. Columbia co. Pa. 

JERSEY SHORE, t. Lycoming co. Pa. on 
N. side of the W. branch of the Susquehannah, 
20 m. W. from Williamsport. 

JERUSALEM, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on W. 
side of Crooked Lake, 20 m. S. from Canan- 
daigua. This town is the principal residence 
of the followers of Jemima Wilkinson. 

JERUSALEM, v. in Benton, N. Y. 

JERUSALEM, t. Washington co. Md. on 
the Antietam, SW. of Hagarstown. 

JERUSALEM, t. Southampton co. Va. on 
the Nottaway, 63 m. WSW. from Norfolk. 

JEWETT'S CITY, v. New London co. 
Ct. on the Quinebaug ; 8 m. NE. from Nor- 
wich. 

JOBSTOWN, v. Burlington co. N. J. 

JOHN, St. a small island in the West Indies, 
N. of St. Croix, belonging to the Danes. It 
has a town and spacious harbor. 

JOHN, St. or Prince Edward, an island in 
the S. part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, hav- 
ing New Brunswick on the W. Nova Scotia on 
the S. and Cape Breton on the E. It is 60 rn 
long and 30 broad, and fertile, with several 
streams. In 1745 it surrendered, with Cape 
Breton, to the English. The capital is Char- 
lotte Town. 

JOHN, St. a river which rises in the NW 
part of the district of Maine, flowing NE. into 
New Brunswick, where it soon takes a SSE. 
course, and enters the bay of Fundy, at the 



city of St. John. It is navigable 60 m v for 
sloops of 50 tons, and about 200 for boats ; and 
affords a common and near route from the 
province of New Brunswick to Quebec. 

JOHN, St. a city of New Brunswick, situate 
at the mouth of the river St. John, in the bay 
of Fundy. It stands in a high situation, and 
is regularly built. The harbor is open through- 
out the year, and the city carries on an exten- 
sive commerce. Lon. 65° 15' W.; lat. 45° 
12' N. 

JOHN,^. the chief town of Newfoundland, 
situate on the E. side of the island. It has a 
good harbor, entirely land-locked, and defend- 
ed by several forts, in one of which the gov- 
ernor of the island resides. This town suffer- 
ed very severely by repeated fires during the 
years 1816, 1817, and 1818. Lon. 52° 26' W.; 
lat. 47° 32' N. 

JOHN, St. the capital of Antigua. It is one 
of the most regular towns in the West Indies, 
and has the most commodious harbor in the 
Lon. 62° 4' W.; lat. 17° 

JOHN, St. a town and fort of L. Canada, on 
the W. bank of Chambly or Richelieu river, 
at the N. end of Lake Champ! ain. In 1796 it 
was made the sole port of entry and clearance 
for all goods imported from the U. States into 
Canada. It is 20 m. E. by S. from Montreal, 
and 110 N. by E. from Crown Point. Lon. 
73° 20' W. ; lat. 45° 25' N. 

JOHN'S BAY, bay on the coast of Maine. 
Lon. 69° 30' W. ; lat. 53 3 50' N. 

JOHN'S RIVER, r. N. H. which runs into 
the Connecticut, in Dalton. 

JOHN'S RIVER, r. N. C. which joins the 
Catawba, below Burke court-house. 

JOHN'S ISLAND, isl. of the Atlantic, near 
the coast of S. Carolina, a little S. from Charles- 
ton, 30 m. in circumference. Lon. 80° 10' W.; 
lat. 32° 42' N. 

JOHNSBURG, t. Warren co. N. Y. on W. 
side of the Hudson, 23 m. NW. from Caldwell. 
Pop. 985. 

JOHNSON, t. Franklin co. Vt. 35 m. N. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 1,070. 

JOHNSON, co. N. C. bounded by Sampson 
S. Cumberland SW. Wake NW. Nash NE. 
and Wayne E. and SE. ; length 32 m. mean 
width 20. It is intersected by Neuse river 
from NW. to SE. Chief town, Smithfield. 
Pop. in 1820, 9,607; in 1830, 9,607. 

JOHNSON, co. 111. bounded by Ohio river 
S. by Alexander and Union W. Franklin N. 
and Pope E. ; length 30 m. breadth 18. Sur 
face hilly towards Ohio river, but more leve, 
in the interior. Soil fertile. Chief town, Wil. 
kinsonvilie. Pop. 1820, 843 ; 1830, 1,596. 

JOHNSONBURG, v. Warren co. N. J. 30 
m. NE. from Easton in Pa. and 74 N. from 
Trenton. 

JOHNSONSBURG, t. Sussex co. N. J. 10 m 
from Newton. Here is an Episcopal church. 
JOHNSON'S CREEK, v. Niagara co. N.Y 
JOHNSON'S FORT, on James' Island, S.C 
at the entrance of Charleston harbor. 

JOHNSON'S MILLS, v. Dallas co. Al. 9 m. 
from Cahawba. , 



JOH— JUN 



303 



JOHNSON'S POINT, cape on SVV. coast 
of Antigua. Lon. 61° 35' W. ; lat. 17° 10' N. 

JOHNSON'S SETTLEMENT, v. Tioga 
co. N. Y. 

JOHNSON'S SPRINGS, v. Goochland co. 
Va. 25 in. NW. by W. from Richmond. 

JOHNSTON, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 
400. 

JOHNSTON, Fort, N. C. on the right bank 
of Cape Fear river, at its mouth. 

JOHNSTON, t. Providence co. R. I. 4 m. 
W. from Providence. Pop. 2,114. Here are 
several cotton manufactories. 

JOHNSTON'S STRAITS, between the 
continent of N. America and the islands of 
Quadra and Vancouver : it unites Queen Char- 
lotte's Sound to the Gulf of Guinea. Lon. from 
W. 46 3 W. ; lat. 50 3 35' N. 

JOHNSTONVILLE, t. Randolph co. N. C. 
85 m. NW. from Fayetteville. 

JOHNSTOWN, U. C. is situated upon the 
river St. Lawrence, above the uppermost rap- 
ids in ascending to Lake Ontario, and is a mile 
square. From this town vessels may be navi- 
gated with safety to Queenstown, and to the 
ports of Lake Ontario. It is nearly opposite 
Ogdensburg in New York. 

JOHNSTOWN, district, U. C. on the river 
St. Lawrence. 

JOHNSTOWN, t. and cap. Montgomery co. 
N. Y. on N. side of the Mohawk, 41 m. NW. 
from Albany. Pop. 7,700. The large village 
of Johnstown is 4 m. N. of the Mohawk, and 
contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and 
several houses of public worship ; 1 for Pres- 
byterians, and 1 for Episcopalians. It is 415 
m. from W. 

JOHNSTOWN, v. Livingston co. N. Y. 

JOHNSTOWN, t. Licking co. Ohio, on a 
branch of Licking creek, 20 m. NW. from 
Newark. Pop. 217. 

JOHNSTOWN, a thriving v. in Cambria 
co. Pa. on the W. side of the Alleghany moun- 
tain, situated on the Pennsylvania canal, at its 
junction with the rail-road, about 20 m. S. by 
W. from Ebensburg. 

JONASVILLE, v. Alleghany co. Md. 

JONES, co. S. part of N. C. Pop. 5,628. 
Chief town, Trenton. 

JONES, co. W. part of Geo. Pop. 13,342, 
of whom 6,873 are colored. Chief town, Clinton. 

JONES, Cape, in Hudson's Bay. Lon. 79° 
W. ; lat. 58 3 50' N. 

JONESBOROUGH, s-p. and t. Washington 
co. Me. N. of Kennebeck Bay, 8 m. W. from 
Machias. Pop. 810. 

JONESBOROUGH, t. Washington co. Ten. 
on the Holston, 16 m. S. from Blountsville, 100 
ENE. from Knoxville. Pop. about 900. It 
contains a bank, a printing-office, a court-house, 
a jail, and a Presbyterian church. 

JONESBURG, t. Camden co. N. C. 66 m. 
S. from Norfolk. It is the chief town of the 
county, and contains a court-house. 

JONES' CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the 
Delaware. Lat. 40° 58' N. 

JONES' FALLS, r. Md. passes through the 
city of Baltimore, and empties into the harbor. 
It is 14 m. long, and affords many mill-seats. 



JONES' ISLAND, isl. in Hudson's Bay. 
Lon. 63= W. ; lat. 61° 52' N. 

JONESTOWN, t. Lebanon co. Pa. at the 
junction of the Swetara and Little Swetara, 
23 m. ENE. from Harrisburg. 

JONESVILLE, t. Lee co. Va. in Powws 
Valley, 2 or 3 m. from Powell's river, and 70 
W. from Abingdon. 

JONESVILLE, v. Surrey co. N. C. 

JOPPA, t. Harford co. Md. 20 m. E. by N 
from Baltimore. 

JOSEPH'S KEY, small isl. in the gulf of 
Mexico, near the coast of Florida. Lon. 89° 
30' W. ; lat. 30° 8' N. 

JOURDANS, v. Lincoln co. Geo. 

JOY, v. Kennebeck co. Me. 110 m. N. from 
Portland. 

JUAN, St. or Desanuadero, a river of Mex- 
ico, which is the outlet of Lake Nicaragua. It 
flows, from the SE. corner of the lake, in an 
E. direction, between the province of Nicaragua 
and Costa Rica, into the Caribbean Sea. 

JUAN, St. a town of Mexico, in the province 
of Nicaragua, situate at the head of the river 
St. Juan, 110 m. E. of Nicaragua. Lon. 84° 
45' W. ; lat. 11° 15' N. 

JUAN DE FUCA, Strait of, a large bay or 
Gulf of the Pacific Ocean, on the W. coast of 
N. America. The entrance is in lon. 124° 
55' W. ; lat. 48° 25' N. 

JUAN DE PUERTO RICO, St. island of 
the W. Indies, 50 m. E. of Hispaniola, and 
usually called Porto Rico. It is 100 m. long 
and 50 broad, and belongs to the Spaniards. 
It is very mountainous, but the valleys are ex- 
tremely fertile and well watered. It produces 
sugar, rum, ginger, corn, and fruits, mostly in- 
digenous, but some of them introduced from 
Spain. Cattle are so plenty, that they are 
hunted for the skins alone. Here are a great 
number of uncommon trees, and gold has been 
found in the N. part of tire island. It is sub- 
ject to storms and hurricanes, like the rest of 
these islands. The capital is of the same name. 
Lon. 67° 4' W. ; lat. 18° 17' N. 

JUAN DE PUERTO RICO, St. capital of 
an island of the same name, with a good har- 
bor, defended by several forts. It is a bishop's 
see, and seated on the N. coast of the island. 
Lon. 69° 1' W. ; lat. 18° 29' N. 

JUAN RODRIGUEZ CABRILLO, isl. on 
the coast of New California. Lon. 120° 31' 
W. ; lat. 34° N. 

JUAN DE ULUA, isl. on the coast of Mexi- 
co, in the bay of Vera Cruz. A very strong 
fortress now covers nearly the whole rock, the 
expense of which is said to have been upwards 
of eight millions sterling. 

JUANICO, island, in the Gulf of California, 
Lon. 107° 41' W.; lat. 21° 45' N. 

JUDITH, Point, the W. point at the en- 
trance of Narraganset Bay, R. I. 9 m. SSW. 
from Newport. Lon. 71° 35' W.; lat. 41° 
24' N. 

JUDITH'S RIVER, r. N. America, runs mto 
the Missouri, 2,440 m. from the Mississippi. 
JULIESTOWN, v. Burlington co. N. J. 
JULIET, mt. II. NW. of the Illinois river. 
JUNIATTA, navigable r. Pa. formed by 3 



304 



JUN— KEN 



branches, which rise in the counties of Cam- 
bria, Bedford, and Huntingdon. It has an E. 
course, and joins the Susquehannah, 11 m. 
above Harrisburg. 

JUNIUS, t. Seneca co. N. Y. 25 m. N. from 
Ovid, 182 WNW. from Albany. Pop. 1,581. 

JURULLO, a very remarkable volcano of 
Mexico, in the state of Mechoacan. Lon. from 
W. 24° 10' W. ; lat. 19° 9' N. It was formed 
by an irruption in one night, between Septem- 
ber 28th and 29th, 1759. The irruption was 
preceded by shocks of earthquakes from the 
month of July. The conical summit is 524 
feet in height. 

K. 

KAKIAK, v. in Hampstead co. N. Y. 

KANKAKEE, which rises near the head 
waters of the St. Joseph's of Michigan, in In- 
diana, and passing into Illinois, unites with the 
Desplanes, to form the river Illinois. In time 
of high water, boats pass from the Kankakee 
to the St. Joseph's. 

KANSAS, r. Miso. which rises in the plains 
between the Platte and the Arkansas, and joins 
the Missouri in lat. 39° 5' N. 340 m. above its 
mouth. It is navigable 900 miles. 

KASKASKIA, r. II. rising in the E. part of 
the state near the W. boundary of Indiana, and 
flowing SW. by comparative courses about 
250 m. it falls into the Mississippi about 100 m. 
above the mouth of the Ohio. 

KASKASKIA, t. and seat of justice, Ran- 
dolph co. Illinois, situated on an extensive plain, 
not far from the commencement of the Ameri- 
can Bottom, 11 miles from the mouth of the 
river on which it stands, and 6 miles from the 
nearest point of the Mississippi. This town 
was one of the first establishments made by 
the French in the valley of the Mississippi ; 
and is a place, whose origin dates further back 
than that of Philadelphia. It was once of 
great importance, containing 7,000 inhabitants. 
At present it numbers 160 houses and 1,000 
inhabitants. A more beautiful situation for a 
town can hardly be imagined. It is in the 
centre of a gently sloping basin, on a fine nav- 
igable stream, and in the midst of a country 
proverbial for its fertility. It has a bank, a 
printing-office, a Catholic church, and a land- 
office. 867 m. from W. 

KATAHDIN, or Ktadne, lofty mountains, 
Maine, 80 m. N. from Bangor. Their height 
is not accurately ascertained, but is supposed 
to exceed that of the White mountains. 

K A Y ADAROSSORAS, r. Saratoga co. N.Y. 
which falls into the Saratoga Lake. 

KAYGERS' CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs 
into the Ohio, 10 m. above Gallipolis. 

KEARNSVILLE, v. Northampton co. Pa. 

KEARSARGE, mt. N. H. in Sutton, about 
25 m. NW. from Concord. 

KEARSARGE GORE, t. Hillsborough co. 
N. H. 16 m. W. from Concord. 

KEASLETOWN, t. Rockingham co. Va. 

KEENE, t. and seat of justice, Cheshire co. 
N. H. 14 m. SE. from Walpole, and 95 W. from 
Portsmouth. It is a fine thriving village on 
Ashutot river. Pop. 2,374. 



KEENE, Essex co. N. Y. Pop. 787. 

KEENE, v. Coshoctoncty, Ohio, 97 m. NHL 
from Columbus. 

KEENE'S MILLS, v. Adams co. Pa. 36 m. 
SW. from Harrisburg. 

KEENVILLE, v. Northampton co. Pa. on 
the road from Easton to the Lehigh Water- 
Gap, 2 m. from Cherryville. 

KEESESVILLE, v. Essex co. N. Y. 157 m. 
N. from Albany. 

KELLOGGSVILLE, v. Cayuga co. N.Y 
between the heads of Owasco and Skeneateles 
Lakes, 39 m. NNE. from Ithaca. 

KELLOGGSVILLE, v. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 
284 m. NE. from Columbus. 

KELLYVALE, t. Orleans co. Vt. 110 m. 
NE. from Montpelier. 

KEMFSVILLE, t. Princess Anne co. Va. 
9 m. SE. from Norfolk. 

KEMPSVILLE, v. Niagara co. N. Y. 

KENDALL, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 

KENDALL, v. Stark co. Ohio, 7 m. W. 
from Canton, and near the eastern side of 
Tuscarawas river. 

KENHAWA, Great, r. Va. It rises in Ash 
co. N. C. and being enlarged by a number of 
tributary streams, falls into the Ohio at Point 
Pleasant. Its whole course is about 400 m. 
and its width at the Ohio about 500 yards. 

KENHAWA, Little, r. Va. rises in Lewis 
co. and falls into the Ohio at Parkersburg, 12 m. 
below Marietta. 

KENHAWA, co. Va. bounded SE. by Green- 
brier and Giles, SW. by Cabell, NW. by Mason 
and Wood, and NE. by Lewis and Randolph. 
It is intersected by Kenhawa and Elk rivers, 
and drained by their numerous branches. Chief 
town, Charlestown. Pop. 9,261. 

KENDRICK'S ISLAND, NW. coast of 
America, forms the W. side of Nootka Sound. 

KENDUSKEAG, r. Penobscot co. Maine, 
which flows into the Penobscot at Bangor. 

KENNEBEC ASIS, r. N. Brunswick, which 
runs E. and falls into the river St. John. 

KENNEBECK, r. which rises in the north- 
ern part of Maine, and falls into the Atlantic 
Ocean between the bays of Casco and Penob- 
scot. 

KENNEBECK, co. Maine, bounded by Lin- 
coln SE. and S. Oxford W. Somerset N. Pe- 
nobscot NE. and Hancock E. Chief towns, 
Hallowell and Augusta. Pop. in 1820, 42,623; 
in 1830, 52,491. 

KENNEBUNK, r. Me. which runs into the 
Atlantic at Kennebunk. It has a good harbor 
at its mouth. 

KENNEBUNK, t. and port of entry, York 
co. Me. at the mouth of the Kennebunk, 10 m. 
S. from Saco, 25 SW. from Portland. Pop. 
2,233. 

' KENNED YSVILLE, v. Steuben co. N. Y. 

KENNEDY'S, v. Brunswick co. Va. 

KENNET'S SQUARE, v. Chester co. Pa. 

KENSINGTON, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 
13 m. SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 717. 

KENSINGTON, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. 
Pop. 13,394. It is a suburb of Philadelphia. 

KENSINGTON, v. Chatauque co. N. Y. 

KENT, co. U. Canada, on Lake Erie. 



KEN— KIN 



305 



KENT, co. L. Canada, between the rivers 
Sorel and St. Lawrence. 

KENT, co. R. I. on the W. side of Narra- 
ganset Bay, bounded N. by Providence co. S. 
by Washington co. and W. by Connecticut. 
Pop. 12,784. Chief town, Warwick. 

KENT, t. Litchfield co. Ct. on the Housa- 
tonnuc, 45 m. W. from Hartford. Pop. 2,001. 
Iron ore is found here, and wrought exten- 
sively. 

KENT, t. Putnam co. N. Y. 20 m. SE. from 
Poughkeepsie. Pop. 1,928. 

KENT, co. Del. bounded N. by Newcastle 
co. E. by Delaware Bay, S. by Sussex co. and 
W. by Maryland. Pop. 19,911. Chief town, 
Dover. 

KENT, co. Md. bounded N. by Cecil co. E. 
by the state of Delaware, S. by Queen Anne 
co. and W. by Chesapeake Bay. Pop. 10,502. 
Chief town, Chestertown. 

KENT, isl. in Chesapeake Bay, annexed to 
Queen Anne co. Md. 

KENTUCKY, state. See page 126. 

KENTUCKY, r. Kentucky, rises in the 
highlands in the SE. part of the state, and run- 
ning NW. falls into the Ohio, at Port William, 
77 m. above the rapids at Louisville. It is 
navigable 180 miles, and is 150 yards wide at 
its mouth. 

KENTUCKY, Little, r. Ken. which runs 
into the Ohio, 3 m. below the mouth of Ken- 
tucky river. 

KENTUCKY, Indian, r. In. which runs 
into the Ohio, nearly opposite the mouth of 
Kentucky river. 

KEOWEE, r. U. S. the name of Savannah 
river above its confluence with the Tugulo. 

KEROUART ISLETS, small islets on the 
NW. coast of America, between 51° and 52° 
N. lat. 

KERRYSVILLE, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. 

KERSHAW, district, S. C. on the E. side 
of the Wateree. Pop. 13,545. Chief town, 
Camden. 

KERNESVILLE, v. Northampton co. Penn. 
15 m. NW. by W. from Easton. 

KETCHAM'S CORNER, v. Saratoga co. 
N. Y. 15 m. from Albany. 

KEWEENA POINT, projects far into the 
S. side of Lake Superior. 

KEYSVILLE, v. Charlotte co. Va. on the 
head waters of Meheim river, 70 m. SW. from 
Richmond. 

KEY WEST, smaU island in the Gulf of 
Mexico, remarkable as being the most south- 
ern settlement of the U. S. It was used as a 
naval station, but has been abandoned by our 
armed vessels. Lat. 24° 34' N. ; Ion. from 
W. 4° 38' W. 

KIAMESHA, r. Arkansas, which is formed 
by the union of three branches, rising in a 
ridge of the Mazern mountains. It waters the 
SW. part of the territory, and joins Red river 
900 m. above Natchitoches. 

KICKABOO, or Red Buck, small r. Illinois, 
which runs mto the Illinois on the N. a little 
below lake Pioria. 

KICKAPOOS, Indians, in Illinois. They 
are scattered along the rivers Wabash, Illinois, 
2 0 



and Mississippi, but their largest settlement is 
in a prairie 90 m. N. by E. from Vincennes. 
The number of warriors is about 600. 

KICKEMUIT, a NW. arm of Mount Hope 
bay, R. I. 2 m. long and Jam. broad. 

KILDARE, t. Warwick co. L. C. 34 m. N. 
from Montreal. 

KILKENNY, t. Leinster co. L. C. 35 m 
NW. from Montreal. 

KILKENNY, t. Coos co. N. H. 8 m. NE. 
from Lancaster. Pop. 27. 

KILKENNY, v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 

KILLBUCK, r. Ohio, which runs into 
White-woman's creek, 3 m. above its junction 
with the Muskingum. 

KILLINGLY, t. Windham, co. Ct. on the 
Qumebaug, 25 m. W. from Providence, 45 
m. E. from Hartford. Pop. 3,261. It contains 
several churches. 

XILLINGWORTH, t. Middlesex co. Ct. 
on Long Island Sound, 26 m. E. from New 
Haven, 38 SE. from Hartford, 26 W. from New 
London. Pop. 2,483. 

K! LMARNOCK, v. Lancaster co. Va. 

KIMBERTON, v. Chester co. Pa. 

KIMBLES, v. Lawrence co. Ohio, 120 m. 
a little E. of S. from Columbus. 

KIMBLESVILLE, v. Chester co. Pa. 

KINCANNON WORKS, v. Surrey co. N.C. 
139 m. NW. by W. from Raleigh. 

KINDERHOOK CREEK, r. N. Y. rises in 
Berlin, Rensselaer co. and flowing SE. enters 
the Hudson, at Kinderhook. 

KINDERHOOK, t. Columbia co. N. Y. on 
Hudson river, 10 m. above Hudson, 20 below 
Albany. Pop. 2,706. Here is an academy. 

KING AND QUEEN, co. Va. on Matta 
poony river, which separates it from King 
William co. Pop. 11,644. Chief town, Dunkirk. 

KING CREEK, v. Barnwell co. S. C. 

KINGFIELD, v. Somerset co. Maine, 119 
m. N. from Portland. Pop. 554. 

KING GEORGE, co. Va. between the Po- 
tomac and Rappahannock rivers. Pop. 3,397. 
At the court-house is a post-office. 

KING GEORGE SOUND, the name given 
by captain Cook, in 1778, to the bay which he 
discovered on the W. coast of North America, 
in Ion. 128° 48' W. and lat. 49° 33' N. but the 
natives call it Nootka ; the name now gene- 
rally adopted by the English. 

KING GEORGE THE THIRD'S ISL- 
ANDS, group on the W. coast of America, 
extending from lat. 56° 10' to 58° 18' N. 

KINGS, co. New Brunswick, on the river 
St. John, bounded on the E. by Charlotte co. 
S. by St. John co. W. by the counties of West- 
moreland and Northumberland, and N. by a 
line running SE. and NW. from Spoon Island 
in St. John river. 

KING'S co. N. Y. comprises the W. end of 
Long Island, and is bounded E. by Queen's 
co. Pop. 20,537. Chief town, Flatbush. 

KING'S BAY, bay on the SE. coast of 
Nova Scotia. 

K1NGSBOROUGH, v. Montgomery co. 
N. Y. 50 m. NW. from Albany. 

KINGSBURY, t. Washington co. N. Y. on 
the Hudson, 52 m. above Albany. Pop. 2,6-06. 



306 



KIN — KIR 



KINGSCLERE, t. York co. New Bruns- 
wick, on the W. side of the river St. John, ad- 
joining - Frederickton. 

KINGSEY, t. Buckingham co. L. C. on the 
river St. Francis, 35 m. S. by E. from Three 
Rivers. 

KING'S FERRY, v. Monongalia co. Va. 

KING'S FERRY, v. Cayuga co. N. Y. 

KING'S ISLAND, isl. on the NW. coast 
of America, separated from the continental 
shore of New Albion, by Bankes' canal. Lat. 
51° 56' to 52 3 26' N. 

KINGSLAND CREEK, r. Va. which runs 
into James River. Lon. 77° 40' W. ; lat. 37° 
24' N. 

KINGSMILL, point, on the NW. coast of 
America, the SW. point of Prince Frederick's 
sound. Lon. 225° 49' E. lat. 56° 52' N. 

KING'S MOUNTAIN, mt. in the W. part 
of N. C. 25 m. W. Charlottenburg. 

KINGSPORT, v. Sullivan co. Ten. 

KINGSTON, s-p. of Jamaica, on the S. 
coast of the island, on a bay in which vessels 
of the largest burden may anchor in safety. It 
was founcled in 1693, after the destruction of 
Port Royal by an earthquake in the preceding- 
year. It is on a plain, which rises, with a 
gradual ascent, to the foot of the Liguanea 
mountains, a distance of about six miles. 10 
m. E. from Spanish Town. Lon. 76° 33' W. ; 
lat. 18° N. Pop. 33,000, of which number 
10,000 are whites, 18,000 slaves. 

KINGSTON, t. and cap. of the island of 
St. Vincent's, in the W. Indies. Lon. 81° W. ; 
lat. 13° 6' N. 

KINGSTON, t. U. C. the largest and most 
populous of the province. It is advantageously 
seated at the E. extremity of Lake Ontario. 

KINGSTON, formerly Esopus, t. and cap. 
Ulster co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 65 m. below 
Albany, 100 above New York. Pop. 4,170. 
The village of Kingston is pleasantly situated 
on Esopus creek, about 3 m. from the Hudson, 
and 313 m. from W. 

KINGSTON, v. Middlesex co. N. J. 3 m. 
NE. from Princeton, 15 SW. from Brunswick. 

KINGSTON, t. Luzerne co. Pa. on the Sus- 
quehannah, opposite Wilkesbarre. 

KINGSTON, v. Talbot co. Md. on the E. 
side of the Choptank, 4 m. below its forks. 

KINGSTON, t. Somerset co. Md. 

KINGSTON, t. Georgetown district, S. C. 
on Waccama river, 40 m. NE. from George- 
town. 

KINGSTON, t. and cap. Roane co. Ten. at 
the confluence of Clinch and Holston rivers, 
60 m. below Knoxville, and 556 m. from W. 

KINGSTON, t. Addison co. Vt. 28 m. SW. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 803. 

KINGSTON, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 21 
m. SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 929. 

KINGSTON, East, t. Rockingham co, N. H. 
21 m. SW. from Portsmouth. 

KINGSTON, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 4 m. 
NW. from Plymouth, 32 SSE. from Boston, 
from W. 458. Pop. 1,322. This town has 
some trade in the fisheries, and contains 2 cot- 
ton manufactories, and some manufactures of 
iron. 



KINGSTON, t. and cap. Kings co. New 

Brunswick, on Kennebecasis bay. 

KINGSTON, North, t. Washington co. R. I. 
on W. side of Narraganset Bay ; 12 m. NW. 
from Newport. Pop. 3,036. 

KINGSTON, South, or Tower Hill, t. and 
cap. Washington co. R. I. on the W. side of 
Narraganset Bay; 11 m. W. from Newport 
Pop. 3,663. 

KINGSTON, t. Delaware co. Ohio, on 
the head waters of Alum and Big- Walnut 
creeks, and immediately N. of Sunbury. Pop. 
582. 

_ KINGSTON, small town situated on the 
line, but within the co. of Ross, Ohio, 10 m. N 
from Chillicothe. 

KINGSTON, v. Morgan co. Geo. 33 m. 
NNW. from Milledgeville. 

KINGSVILLE, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on 
Lake Erie, 10 m. NE. from Jefferson. Pop. 
1,038, 

KING-TREE, v. Williamsburg district, 
S. C. on Black river, about 65 m. N. from 
Charleston. 

KING WILLIAM, co. Va. between Matta- 
pony and Pamunky rivers and extends east- 
ward to where those rivers unite, ond form 
York river, and bounded NW. by Caroline co. 
Pop. 1820, 9,697 ; in 1830, 9,812. 

KING WILLIAM COURT-HOUSE, v. 
and seat of justice, King- William co. Va. 35 
m. NE. from Richmond. 

KING WOOD, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. on 
the E. side of the Delaware. Pop. 2,898. 

KINGWOOD, v. Monongalia co. Va. 

KINGWOOD, v. Preston co. Va. near Cheat 
river, 20 m. SE. from Morgantown. 

KINIESNICK, v. Lewis co. Ken. NNE, 
from Frankfort. 

KINNIKINNICK, r. Ohio, which runs SW 
into the Scioto, 7 m. above Chillicothe. 

KINOGAM, r. Canada, which runs from 
Lake Wickwa to the river Saguenay. Lon, 
71° 31' W. ; lat. 48° 34' N. 

KINSALE, v. Westmoreland co. Va. situa- 
ted on the SW. side of the river Potomac, near 
the Chesapeake Bay. 

KINSMAN, NE. t of Trumbull co. Ohio. 
Pop. 720. 

KINSMAN'S MOUNTAIN, mt. in Lin- 
coin, N. H. 

KINSTON, t. Lenoir co. N. C. on the left 
bank of Neuse river, 40 m. above Newbern. 

KINZUA, v. Warren co. Pa. 352 m. NW 
from Harrisburg. 

KIP'S BAY, a bend in East xiver, N. Y. 
in New York co. 3 m. NE, of the city. The 
New York Penitentiary and Alms House are 
situated here. 

KIRBY, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 15 m. NE. 
from Danville. 

KIRK'S MILLS, v. Lancaster co.Pa. 

KIRKSEY CROSS-ROADS, v. Edgefield 
district, S. C. 65 m. westerly from Raleigh. 

KIRKSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C. 
151 m. SW. from Raleigh. 

KIRKVILLE, v. Onondaga co. N. Y. 

KIRKWOOD, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 
2,205. 



KIR — LAC 



307 



KIRTLAND, t. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,010. 

KISHTAC, isl. on the NW. coast of Ameri- 
ca, E. of Foggy Cape, on the SE. side of the 
peninsula of Alaska, and opposite the mouth 
of Cook's river. 

KISKIMINITAS, v. Westmoreland eo. Pa. 

KISKIMINITAS, r. a branch of the Alle- 
ghany in Pa. 

KITE^S MILLS, v. Rockingham co. Va. 

KITLEY, t. Leeds co. U. C. 

KITTANNING, v and seat of justice, 
Armstrong co. Pa. on the E. side of Alleghany 
river, 40 m. NE. from Pittsburg, 215 from 
W. Pop. 1,620. 

KITTATINNY MOUNTAINS, a ridge of 
the Alleghany mountains, which runs through 
the N. parts of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. 

KITTERY, t. York co. Me. at the mouth 
of the Piscataqua, opposite Portsmouth, N. H. 
5 m. SW. from York. Pop. 2,022. 

KLINGEISTOWN, v. Schuylkill co. Pa. 

KNAPPSBURG, v. Oxford township, Che- 
nango co. N. Y. 

KNIFE RIVER, r. Missouri Territory, 
which joins the river Missouri on the S. at the 
Mandan villages. 

KNIGHT'S CANAL, inlet, on the NW. 
coast of America. Lat. 50° 45' N. 

KNIGHT'S ISLAND, isl. in Behring's 
Bay, separated from the continent of America 
by a narrow channel. 

KNIGHT'S ISLAND, small island in Hud- 
son's Bay. Lon. 93° 30' W. ; lat. 61° 50' N. 

KNOT'S ISLAND, v. Currituck co. N. C. 

KNOWLTON, t. Warren co. N. J. on Del- 
aware river. Pop. 2,827. 

KNOWLTON MILLS, v. Sussex co. N. J. 

KNOX, t. Hancock co. Me. 28 m. NW. 
from Castine. 

KNOX, v. Albany co. N. Y. 21 m. W. from 
Albany. Pop. 2,186. 

KNOX, co. Ohio, bounded by Richland N. 
Coshocton E. Licking S. Delaware W. and 
Marion NW. Chief town, Mount Vernon. 
Pop. in 1820, 8,326 ; in 1830, 17,124. 

KNOX, co. Ken. bounded SE. by Harlan, 
SW. by Whitely, NW. by Rockcastle, and 
NE. bv Clay. Chief town, Barbourville, is 
about 125 m. SSE. from Frankfort. Pop. 
4,321. 

KNOX, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. 

KNOX, co. E. Ten. bounded by Sevier SE. 
Blount S. Roane W. Anderson NW. and 
Grainger and Jefferson NE. Holston and 
Clinch rivers unite at Knoxville. Chief town, 
Knoxville. Pop. 14,498. 

KNOX, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,288. 

KNOX, NE. t. Jefferson co. Ohio. 

KNOX, co. In. between White and Wabash 
rivers, bounded by Kaskaskia, or Pike and 
Gibson cos. S. Wabash river W. Sullivan N. 
and Davies E. Soil generally fertile. Chief 
town, Vincennes. Pop. 6,557. 

KNOXVILLE, t.. and seat of justice, Knox 
co. Ten. on the right bank of Holston river, 22 
m. above its junction with the Tennessee, about 
200 m. E. from Nashville. Lat. 35° 50' N. 



There is a college here, but it is yet in in- 

fancy. 

KNOXVILLE, v. Jefferson co. Ohio, 12 m. 

NW. from Steubenville. 

KNOXVILLE, v. Crawford co. Geo. 

KODIAK, an entensive group of islands on 
the W. coast of N. America, about 50 m. from 
the entrance into Cook's inlet, extending about 
130 m. from SW. to NE. Lon. 206° 12' to 
208° 45' E. ; lat. 56° 45' to 58° 28' N. 

KOOSKOOSKEE, r. Oregon Territory, 
which rises in the Rocky Mountains, and joins 
Lewis river, between lon. 117° and 118° W. 
and between lat. 46° and 47° N. 

KONIAUT, Big, lake, Erie co. Pa. W. of 
Le Boeuf. 

KONIAUT, Little, lake, Crawford co. Pa. 
8 m. W. from Meadville. Three miles long, 
and 1 broad. 

KORTRIGHT, t. Delaware co. N Y. 10 m. 
N. from Delhi, 62 SW. from Albany. Pop. 
2,873. 

KREIDERSVILLE, v. Northampton co. 
Pa. 



LABAR'S, v. Pike co. Pa. 

LABEESH, r. U. States, which receives the 
waters of a lake of the same name, and flows 
into Cassina Lake. A little distance from the 
lake are the head- waters of Red river which 
flows into Hudson Bay. 

LABRADOR. See p. 167. 

LACADIE, t. L. C. 53 m. N. from Platts- 
burg, Va. 

LAC AU SABLE, lake, NW. Territory, 
between Lake Superior and the Mississippi 
600 m. above the mouth of St. Peter's river 
Until 1816, the principal station of the British 
NW. Fur Company was on this lake. The 
station is now occupied by the American NW. 
Company. 

LAC DES DEUX MONT AGNES, Seig- 
niory, York co. L. C. on the N. side of Ottawa 
river, 25 m. W. from Montreal. 

LACHENAYE, Seigniory, Leinster co. 
L. C. on the river St. Jean," 13 m. N. from 
Montreal. 

LACHAWAHANOCK, valley, Luzerne co. 
Pa. extends from the mouth of Lachawahan- 
ock creek, up the same, about 30 m. This, 
next to Wyoming valley, is the most populous 
in the county. 

LACHEVROTIERE, Seigniory, Hamp- 
shire co. L. C. on the N side of the St. Law- 
rence, 38 m. W. from Quebec. 

LACHINE, v. on Montreal Island, L. C. 7 
m. above the city of Montreal. The Rapid of 
St. Louis prevents vessels ascending from 
Montreal, so that all the commerce with the 
NW. country centres at Lachine. 

LACKA WAXEN, river of Pa. which faUs 
into the Delaware, in Pike co. 174 m. above 
Philadelphia. 

LACKAWAXEN, t Pike co. Pa. Pop. 
283. 

LAC METASIEDIACH, Seigniory, Cora 
waflis co. L. C 



308 



LAC — LAN 



LAC METIS, Seigniory, Cornwallis co. 
L. C. 

LACONIA, v. Harrison co. In. 120 m. S. 
from Indianapolis. 

LA DANTRE, Seigniory, Warwick co. 
L. C. on the left bank of St. Lawrence river, a 
short distance above the mouth of Richelieu 
river. 

LADY WASHINGTON, v. Montgomery 
co. Pa. 

LA FARGEVILLE, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. 
174 m. NW. from Albany. 

LADY'S ISLAND, small island off the 
coast of S. C. near Pert Royal. 

LAFAYETTE, a parish of La. Pop. 5,606. 
Vermilionville is the capital. 

LA FEVE, r. Arkansas, which rises in the 
mountains, in which the Poteau and Petit John 
have their source, end flowing E. joins the 
Arkansas below Cadron. It is said to be navi- 
gable 200 m. 

LA FEVRE, r. Illinois, which runs into 
the Mississippi, 75 m. below Prairie du Chein, 
21 below Dubuque's lead mines. Lead ore is 
found on its banks 10 m. from the mouth. 

LAFOURCHE, or Chetimacb.es, r. La. an 
outlet of the Mississippi. It leaves the main 
stream at Donaldson, about 90 m. above New 
Orleans. Its length is about 45 m. 

LAFOURCHE, co. La. Pop. 5,500. Thi- 
badeauville is the capital. 

LAFOURCHE, t. Arcadia co. La. 75 m. 
NW. from New Orleans. 

LAGIDA, r. Cuba, which runs into the sea 
at the Havana. 

LAGOS, t. Mexico, in Guadalaxara, 60 m. 
NE. from Guadalaxara. Lon. 101° 32' W. ; 
lat. 21° 27' N. 

LAIRDSVILLE, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 108 
m. NW. by W. from Albany, and 12 from 
Utica. 

LAKE, t. in the N. part of Stark co. Ohio. 
Pop. 1,266. 

LAKE, SW. t. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 552. 

LAKE, t. Logan co. Ohio. Pop. 864. 

LAKE, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 480. 

LAKE LANDING, v. Hyde co. N. C. 213 
m. a little S. of E. from Raleigh. 

LAKE MASKINONGE, Seigniory, St. 
Maurice co. L. C. on St. Lawrence above 
Maskinonge river. 

LAKE OF THE WOODS, lake, between 
Lake Superior and Lake Winnipec, discharg- 
ing by Winnipec river into the lake of the 
same name. 

LAKE PLEASANT, t. Hamilton co. N. Y. 
Pop. 266. 

LAKE RIVER, r. America, which runs 
into the Mississippi, lon. 95° W.; lat. 46° 
30' N. 

LAKE RIVER, Little, r. which runs into 
the Mississippi, lon. 94° 23' W.; lat. 45° 
36' N. 

LAMARCHE, r. II. which runs into Illi- 
nois river from the NW. 

LA MARTINIERE, fief, Hertford co. L.C. 
on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 6 m. E. 
from Quebec. 

LAMBERTSVILLE, v. on the Delaware 



river, opposite New Hope, Pa. 16 m. NW. from 

Trenton. 

LAMINE, t. Cooper co. Miso. 

LAMOIL, r. Vt. which rises S. of Lake 
Memphremagog, and running W. falls into 
Lake Champlain, in Colchester, 5 m. N. of the 
mouth of Onion river, 10 m. N. from Bur- 
lington. 

LAMOTTE, lead mine, Miso. a few miles 
N. of St. Michael's. 

LAMPETER, t. and v. Lancaster co. Pa. 
on Mill creek, 5 m. E. from Lancaster. Pop, 
3,174. 

LAMPREY, r. Rockingham co. N. H. 
Lamprey river falls into Great Bay. 

LANCASTER, t. and cap. Coos co. N. H 
on both sides of Israel's creek, a mile from 
Connecticut river. It contains a court-house, 
jail, and several mills. It is 40 m. above Dart- 
mouth College, 131 NW. from Portsmouth, 
558 from W. Pop. 1,187. 

LANCASTER, t. Worcester co. Mass. on 
a branch of Nashua river, 14 m. NE. from 
Worcester, 35 WNW. from Boston. Pop. 
2,016. Here is a valuable quarry of slate. 
Lancaster is a good agricultural town, and has 
an extensive cotton factory. 

LANCASTER, co. in the SE. part of Pa. 
bounded N. by Dauphin, Lebanon, and Berks, 
E. by Chester, S. by Maryland, and W. by the 
Susquehannah river, which separates it from 
York co. Pop. in 1820, 68,336; in 1830, 
76,558. It is the most populous county in the 
state, except Philadelphia, and one of the first 
in point of soil, wealth, and agricultural im- 
provements. It is watered by the Conestoga 
and its branches, Pccqua and Chicques creeks, 
which afford a large number of the first-rate 
mill-seats in the country, many of which are 
already occupied. It contains at this time, 
7 furnaces, 14 forges, 180 distilleries, 45 tan- 
yards, 22 fulling-mills, 164 grist-mills, 87 saw- 
mills, 9 breweries, 8 hemp-mills, 5 oil-mills, 5 
clover-mills, 3 factories, 3 potteries, 6 carding- 
machines, 3 paper-mills, 2 snuff-mills, 7 tilt- 
hammers, and 6 rolling-mills. Chief town, 
Lancaster. 

LANCASTER, t. and cap. Lancaster co. 
Pa. is pleasantly situated on the side of a hill, 
1| m. W. of Conestoga creek, which falls into 
the Susquehannah 9 m. below. 35 m. ESE. 
from Harrisburg, 22 ENE. from York, 62 W 
from Philadelphia, and 109 from W. Lat. 40° 
3' N. ; long. 76° 20' W. It contains a court- 
house, market-house, jail, a large Lancasterian 
school, an academy, and several houses of pub- 
lic worship, for German Lutherans, German 
Calvinists, Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Ro- 
man Catholics, Moravians, Friends, and Me- 
thodists. Many of the inhabitants speak the 
German language. The surrounding country 
is fertile and highly cultivated. The town 
contains numerous manufactories, and carries 
on considerable trade. Pop. 7,683. 

LANCASTER, co. Va. on the western shore 
of Chesapeake Bay, bounded S. by the Rappa- 
hannock, 108 m. N. from Norfolk. Pop. 4,800, 
of whom 2,631 are slaves. At the court-house 
is a post-office. 



LAN — LAW 



809 



LANCASTER, district, S. C. Pop. 10,361. 

At the court-house is a post-office. 

LANCASTER, t. and cap. Garrard co. Ken. 
29 m. S. from Lexington. 

LANCASTER, t. and cap. Fairfield co. 
Ohio, 28 m. SE. from Columbus, 34 NE. from 
Chiilicothe. It contains a court-house and jail, 
a bank, 2 printing-offices, and a church. 

LANCE LA GRACE, t. La. 75 m. SSW. 
from New Madrid. Lon. 90° 27' W. ; lat. 35° 
25' N. 

LANCE POINT, the S. point of Newfound- 
land, at the SW. extremity of St. Mary's Bay. 

LANDAFF, t. Grafton co. N. H. on the E. 
side of Connecticut river, between Bath and 
Haverhill. Pop. 951. 

LANDGROVE, t. Bennington co. Vt. about 
35 m. NE. from Bennington. 

LANDGUARD, or Pointe aux Pins, north 
side of Lake Erie. This point is about 20 m. 
E. of the S. Foreland, and bears the only pine 
timber on this coast. 

LANDISBURG, v. Perry co. Pa. on a small 
branch of Shareman's creek, 30 m. NW. from 
Harrisburg, and 18 NNW. from Carlisle. 

LANDSFORD, v. Chester district, S. C. 92 
m. N. from Columbia. 

LANESBOROUGH, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 
It is situated in the NW. part of the state, 
joining to N. Y. Pop. 1,192. 

LANESVILLE, v. Susquehannah co. Pa. 

LANESVILLE, v. King William co. Va. 

LANGDON, t. Sullivan co. N. H. on Con- 
necticut river, 40 m. W. from Concord. Pop. 
667. 

LANGHORN'S TAVERN, v. Cumberland 
co. Va. 60 m. from Richmond. 

LANIER, t. Preble co. Ohia Pop. 1,535. 

LANSINGBURG, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 
on the E. side of Hudson river, near its junc- 
tion with the Mohawk river, about 4 m. above 
Troy, and 9 above Albany. Sloops of small 
draught ascend thus high. Pop. 2,663. 

LANSING, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. Pop. 
4,020. 

LAO, t. Cuba, 25 m. W. from Havana. 

LA PETITE NATION, York co. L. C. 
on the Ottawa river, about 70 m. W. from 
Montreal. 

LA PETITE RIVIERE, parish, in Cote 
de Beaupre Seigniory, L. C on the St. Law- 
rence, 34 m. NE. from Quebec. 

LAPRAIRIE, Seigniory, Huntingdon co. 
L. C. on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, at the 
mouth of the Sorel, opposite Montreal. The 
village of Laprairie, or La Nativite, contains 
above 100 houses, and is very flourishing, be- 
ing situated on the main road from Montreal 
into the United States. 

LA PROA, point, New Brunswick, half- 
way between Eastport and St. John. 

L'ARBRE CROCHE, Indian village, in 
Michigan, on the W. side of the peninsula, 
near its N. extremity, 40 m. from Michilli- 
mackinack. 

LARGA, small isl. in the Florida stream. 
Lon. 82° 25' W. ; lat. 24° 36' N. 

LARGA PUNTA, or Punta de Asies, cape 



on the W. coast of Florida. Lon. 82° 5' W. 
lat. 25° 45' N. 

LARK'S POINT, cape, Lower Canada, in 
the river St. Lawrence, at the mouth of Sague- 
nay river. 

LA SALLE, Seigniory, Huntingdon co. 
Lower Canada, 12 m. S. from Montreal. 

LAS CHIAPAS, a state of Mexico. It is 
an interior country bounded by Guatemala 
SW. Tabasco NW. and N. Yucatan E. and 
Vera Paz SE. Chief city, Chiapa Real. 

LASSELSVILLE, v. Montgomery co.N.Y. 
10 m. W. from Johnstown. 

L'ASSUMPTION, Seigniory, Leinster co. 
Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Law- 
rence, 16 m. N. from Montreal. 

LA TESSAIRE, fief, Hampshire co. L. C. 
on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 40 m. W. 
from Quebec. 

LATIMORE, t. Adams co. Pa. 

LA TRAIN, r. NW. Territory, which runs 
into Lake Superior, and is 25 yards wide at its 
mouth. 

LAUDERDALE, co. Alabama, on the N. 
side of Tennessee river. Pop. 11,782. Flor- 
ence is the capital. 

LAUGHLINGTON, t. Westmoreland co. 
Pa. 

LAUREL, v. Sussex co. Del. on Broad creek, 
a branch of Nanticoke, 35 m. SE. from Easton 
in Maryland. 

LAUREL HILL, Richmond co. N. C. 100 
m. SW. from Raleigh. 

LAUREL MOUNTAINS. In general 
terms, this range includes the extreme NW 
ridges of the Appalachian chain, and reaches 
from the central parts of Pennsylvania to Ala- 
bama, under various local names. It is pierced 
by the eastern branches of Monongahela, by 
the Great Kenhawa, and Tennessee rivers. 

LAURENCEBURG, v. Armstrong co. Pa. 

LAURENCEBURG, v. Dearborn co. In. 

LAURENCEBURG, v. Franklin co. Ken. 
10 m. S. from Frankfort. 

LAURENCEBURG, v. Laurence co. Ten. 

LAURENS, t. Tioga co. Pa. 

LAURENS, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 12 m. SW. 
from Cooperstown, 78 W. from Albany. Pop. 
2,231. 

LAURENS, district, S. C. between Enoree 
and Saluda rivers. Pop. 20,863. 

LAURENS, co. Geo. on the Oconee. Pop. 
5,578. Chief town, Dublin. 

LAURENSVILLE, v. and seat of justice, 
Laurens district, S. C. 80 m. NW. from Co- 
lumbia. 

LAURITON, v. Marlborough co. S. C. 

LAUSANNE, t. Northampton co. Pa. on 
the Lehigh. Pop. 509. 

LAUZON, Seigniory, Dorchester co. L. CL 
on the river St. Lawrence, at the confluence of 
the Chaudiere, 2 m. S. from Quebec. 

LAVALTRIE, Seigniory, Warwick co. 
L. C. on the St. Lawrence, 30 m. NE. from 
Montreal. 

LAVINA POINT, cape, on the NW. coast 
of America. 
LAWAHANNOCK, r. Pa. which ieins the 



LAW— LEB 



E. branch of the Susquehannah at Pittstown, 
12 m. above Wilkesbarre. 

LAWRENCE, co. Ken. Pop. 3,897. Lou- 
isa is the capital. 

LAWRENCE, co. II. Pop. 3,661. Law- 
renceville is the capital. 

LAWRENCE, southern co. Ohio, bounded 
on the N. by Jackson, E. by Gallia, S. by the 
Ohio river, and W. by Scioto co. Pop. 1820, 
3,499 ; in 1830, 5,366. Seat of justice, Bur- 
lington. 

LAWRENCE, t. in the W. border of Stark 
co. Ohio. Pop. 1,108. 

LAWRENCE, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. 
Pop. 602. 

LAWRENCE, t. Washington co. Ohio. 
Pop. 413. 

LAWRENCE, co. In. bounded by Orange 
S. Owen and Martin W. Monroe N. Jackson 
E. and Washington SE. ; length 21 m. width 
18. Pop. in 1820, 4,116; in 1830, 9,237. 
Chief town, Bedford. 

LAWRENCE, co. W. Ten. bounded by Ala- 
bama S. Wayne W. Hickman N. and Giles E. ; 
.ength 26 m. width 22. Pop. in 1820, 3,271 ; 
in 1830, 5,412. Chief town, Lawrenceburg. 

LAWRENCE, co. Arkansas, on White r. 
Pop. 5,806. Chief town, Jackson. 

LAWRENCE, co. Mis. bounded NW. and 
N. by the lately ceded Choctaw territory, E, 
by Covington, S. by Marion and Pike, and W. 
by Franklin ; length 60 m. mean width 21. 
The general surface is covered with fine tim- 
ber. Chief staples, cotton. Pop. 5,321. Mon- 
ticello is the capital. 

LAWRENCE, v. and seat of justice, Law- 
rence co. Ark. on Black river, about 50 m. 
above its confluence with White river. 

LAWRENCE, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. 

LAWRENCE, t. Hunterdon co. N. J, Pop. 
1,434. 

LAWRENCE, t. Clearfield co. Pa. Pop. 683. 

LAWRENCE, co. Alabama, on the S. side 
of Tennessee river. Pop. 14,984. Chief town, 
Moulton. 

LAWRENCE, St. a large r. of N. America, 
proceeding from Lake Ontario, from which it 
runs 700 m. to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, m 
the Atlantic. Its mouth is 100 m. wide ; and 
it is navigable for ships of war as far as Que- 
bec, which is 360 m. and vessels from Europe 
ascend to Montreal, which is 180 m. further. 
In its course it forms a great variety of bays, 
iiarbors, and islands, many of which are fruit- 
ful and extremely pleasant. 

LAWRENCE, St. Gulf of, is formed be- 
tween the W. part of Newfoundland, the E. 
shores of Labrador, the E. extremity of the 
province of New Brunswick, part of the prov- 
ince of Nova Scotia, and the island of Cape 
Breton. It communicates with the Atlantic 
Ocean by three different passages. 

LAWRENCEBURG, t. Armstrong co. Pa. 

LAWRENCEBURG, t. Butler co. Pa. 

LAWRENCEBURG, t. and cap. Dearborn 
co. In. on the Ohio, 2 m. below the mouth of 
the Miami river, 28 from Cincinnati. 

LAWRENCE'S, v. Southampton co. Va. 



LAWRENCE'S MILLS, v. Clinton co. N.Y. 

by postroad 177 m. from Albany. 

LAWRENCEVILLE, v. Tioga co. Pa. by 
postroad 149 m. NNW. from Harrisburg. 

LAWRENCEVILLE, v. Montgomery co. 
N. C. 109 m. SW. by W. from Raleigh. 

LAWRENCEVILLE, v. Gwinnett co. Geo. 
133 m. NW. from Milledgeville. 

LAWRENCEVILLE, t. Alleghany co. Pa. 
2 or 3 m. from Pittsburg. 

LAWRENCEVILLE, v.Nansemond co. Va. 
LAWRENCEVILLE, t. Madison co. Ohio, 
on the road from Columbus to Springfield. 
LAWRENCEVILLE t. Lawrence co. II. 
LAWSVILLE, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. N. 
from Montrose. 

LAWYERSVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N.Y. 
LAYTONS, v. Essex co. Va. 
LEACOCK, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 9 m. E. 
from Lancaster. 

LEADING CREEK, r. Ohio, runs into the 
Ohio, 17 m. above Gallipolis. 

LEADSVILLE, v. Randolph co. Va. 
LEAF RIVER, r. Mississippi, which joins 
the Chickasaw, 8 in. below the parallel of 31° 
N. lat. to form the Pascagoula. 

LEAF RIVER, v. Green co. Missouri. 
LEAKSVILLE, t. Rockingham co. N.C. 
LEA'S, v. Granger co. Ten. 
LEASBURG, t. Caswell co. N. C. 80 m. E. 
from Bethany. 

LEATHERWOOD'S STORE, v. Henry 
co. Va. 

LEAVENWORTH, v. Crawford co. In. on 

the Ohio river. 

LEBANON, t. Lawrence co. Arkansas. 
LEBANON, t. York co. Me. on the E. side 
of Saknonfall river, about 20 m. NW. of Ports- 
mouth in N. H. Pop. 2,391. 

LEBANON, t. Grafton co. N. H. on Con- 
necticut river, opposite the mouth of White 
river, 4 m. below Dartmouth college. A min- 
eral spring has lately been discovered here, the 
waters of which are efficacious in curing rheu- 
matism and cutaneous disorders. Pop. 1,868. 

LEBANON, t. New London co. Ct. 9 m. 
NW. from Norwich, 30 SE. from Hartford, 
.fop. 2,552. It is an excellent agricultural 
township. It contains four churches, and an 
academy. 

LEBANON, t. Madison co. N. Y. 35 m. 
SW. from Utica, 115 W. from Albany. Pop. 

2,249. 

' LEBANON, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. 
LEBANON, co. Pa. bounded by Lancaster 
SE. Dauphin SW. and NW. and Eerks NE. ; 
length 17 m. width 17. Its NW. boundary is 
the Blue Mountain, or Kittatinny Ridge. Sta- 
ples, grain, flour, whisky and iron. Chief 
town, Lebanon. Pop. 1820, 16,988; in 1830 
20,546. 

LEBANON, v. Russell co. Va. 358 m. a little 
S. of W. from Richmond. 

LEBANON, v. Washington co. Geo. 
LEBANON, t. and cap. Wilson co. Ten. 25 
m. E. from Nashville. In the vicinity is an 
academy. 
LEBANON, t. Washington co. Ken. 



LEB— LEN 



311 



LEBANON, bor. and cap. Lebanon co. Pa. 
on Quitapahilla creek, 25 m. E. from Harris- 
burg-, and 82 WNW. from Philadelphia. Pop. 
3,555. The Schuylkill and Susquehannah 
rivers are connected at this place, by a canal 
between the Quitapahilla and the Tulpehocken, 
a branch of Schuylkill river. 

LEBANON, t. and cap. Warren co. Ohio, 
25 m. S. from Dayton, 80 SW. from Colum- 
bus, 18 E. from Hamilton, 34 N. from Cincin- 
nati. It contains a court-house and jail, and 
2 churches, a bank, 2 market-houses, a print- 
ing-office, and a public library. Pop. 1,157. 
Lon. 84° 7 W. ; lat. 39° 25' N. 

LEBANON, t. Meigs co. Ohio. Pop. 253. 

LEBANON, v. St. Clair co. II. 55 m. SW. 
from Vandalia. 

LEBOEUF, t. Erie co. Pa. 

LEE, t. Hancock co. Me. 25 m. NW. from 
Castine. 

LEE, t. Strafford co. N. H. 13 m. NW. from 
Portsmouth. Pop. 1,009. 

LEE, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 5 m. SE. from 
Lenox, 140 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,825. It 
is watered by the Housatonnuc. 

LEE, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 8 m. NW. from 
Rome. Pop. 2,514. 

LEE, Fort, Bergen co. N. J. on the Hudson, 
9 m. above Bergen. 

LEE, co. in the SW. corner of Va. Pop. 
6,461. Chief town, Jonesviile. 

LEE, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 418. 

LEECH LAKE, Miso. 12 m. long; on the 
W. side is a fort in lat. 47° 16' 13" N. Leech 
river, which is the outlet of the lake, forms the 
SW. branch of the Mississippi, and unites with 
the main branch, 35 m. below Little Winnipec 
Lake. 

LEEDS, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 
37 m. S. from Quebec. 

LEEDS, co. U. C. on the St. Lawrence. 

LEEDS, t. and port of entry, Leeds co. U.C. 
on the St. Lawrence. It is watered by Gana- 
noque river, which has a good harbor. 

LEEDS, t. Kennebeck co. Me. on the An- 
droscoggin river, 20 m. SW. from Augusta. 
Pop. 1,685. 

LEEDS, t. Gloucester co. N. J. on the At- 
lantic, 4 m. W. from the mouth of Mulicus 
river. 

LEEDS, or Leedstown, t. Westmoreland co. 
Va. 14 m. E. from Port Royal, 40 SE. from 
Fredericksburg, 70 NE. from Richmond. Near 
this place is a famous course for horse-racing. 

LEESBURG, v. and seat of justice, Loudon 
co. Va. The neighborhood is apparently of 
/pod soil, and well cultivated. 

LEESBURG, t. Harrison co. Kent, 10 m. 
NW. from Paris, and 22 NE. from Frankfort. 
Pop. 138. 

LEESBURG, v. Washington co. Tenn. 
about 80 m. NE. by E. from Knoxville. 

LEESBURG, v. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 
225. 

LEESBURG, v. Champaign co. Ohio. 

LEESBURG, t. Highland co. Ohio, 31 m. 
W. from Chillicothe. Pop. 218. 

LEESVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N. Y. 52 m. 
westerly from Albany. 



LEESVILLE, v. Campbell co. Va. 165 m. 

SW. by W. from Richmond. 

LEESVILLE, v. Lexington district S. C. 
30 m. from Columbia. 

LEESVILLE, v. Lawrence co. In. 76 m. 
SSW. from Indianapolis. 

LEE'S ISLAND, small isl. Va. in the Po- 
tomac, 2 m. SE. from Thorpe. It belongs to 
Fairfax co. 

LEE'S MILLS, v. Washington co. N. C. 

LEETOWN, v. Jefferson co. Va. 84 m. 
NW. from W. 

LEHIGH, co. Pa. on Lehigh river, inclosed 
by the counties of Northampton, Bucks, Mont- 
gomery, Berks, and Schuylkill. Pop. 22,266. 
Allen to wn is the capital. 

LEHIGH, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 
1,659. 

LEHIGH, r. Pa. which runs into the Dela- 
ware at Easton, after a course of 75 m. It is 
navigable, by means of canals, to the coal-mines. 

LEHIGHTON, v. Northampton co. Pa. on 
the Lehigh river. 

LEHIGH GAP, v. Northampton co. Pa. 

LEICESTER, t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter 
creek, 42 m. NW. from Windsor. Pop. 638. 

LEICESTER, t. Worcester co. Mass. 6 m. 
W. from W orcester, 46 WSW. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,782. It contains an academy, and sev- 
eral houses for public worship. The academy 
was incorporated in 1784, and is well endowed. 
It has usually about 100 students. Wool-cards 
are manufactured in this town to a large 
amount. 

LEICESTER, t. Livingston co. N. Y. on 
Genessee river, 21 m. SE. from Batavia, 240 
W. from Albany. Pop. 2,042. It has 2 vil- 
lages, Moscow and Mount Morris, and 3 Pres- 
byterian churches. 

LEINSTER, co. L.C. on the N. side of the 
St. Lawrence. 

LEMINGTON, t. Essex co. Vt. on Con- 
necticut river, 64 m. NE. from Montpelier- 
Pop. 182. 

LEMON, t. Butler co. Ohio, on Miami river. 
Pop. 3,023. 

LEMPSTER, t. Sullivan co. N. H.40 m. W. 
from Concord. Pop. 999. 

LENAWEE, co. Michigan. Pop. 1,591 
Tecum seh is the capital. 

LENOIR, co. N. C. bounded by Jones SE. 
Dublin SW. Wavne W. Greene N. and Cra- 
ven NE. Length 20, width 16 m. Chief town 
Kingston, stands on the N. bank of the Neuse 
river, above 50 m. by water above Newbern 
Pod. 7,935. 

LENOIR'S, v. Roane co.Ten. E. from Mur 
freesborough. 

LENOX, t. Madison co. N. Y. on Oneida 
Lake, and Erie canal, about 28 m. W. from 
Utica. Pop. 5,039. 

LENOX, t. and seat of justice, Berkshire 
co. Mass. half way between Pittsfield and 
Stockbridge, and about 20 m. E. of Hudson 
river, 133 m. from Boston, and 363 from W. 
In addition to the ordinary co. buildings, this 
town contains an academy, and foundery for 
casting hollow iron ware. Pop. 1,355. Lat. 
42° 21'; lon. 3° 53' E. from W. 



312 



LEN — LEW 



LENOX-CASTLE, t. Rockingham co. N. C. 
16 m E. from Germantown, and 10 SW. from 
Danville. 

LENOXVILLE, t. and s-p. Carteret co. 
N. C. to the N. from Beaufort, and on a small 
creek or bay communicating with Core Sound, 
3 m. W. from Beaufort. 

LEOGANE, t. on the W. coast of St Do- 
mingo, 9 leagues W. by S. Port-au-Prince. 
Lon. 72 c 37' W. ; lat. 28° 30' N. 

LEOGANE, Bay of, called also Bight of 
Leogane, at the W. end of the island of St. 
Domingo. It opens between Cape St. Nicholas 
and Cape Dame Marie, 45 leagues apart. 

LEOMINSTER, t. Worcester co. Mass. 20 
m. N. from Worcester. Pop. 1,861. It is on 
Nashua river, and has numerous mills and 
manufactures. 

LEON, t Mexico, in Guanaxuato, 40 m. 
NW. from Guanaxuato. Lon. 272° 10' E. ; 
lat. 20° 18' N. 

LEON, a city of Guatemala, capital of the 
province of Nicaragua. In the vicinity is a 
mountain with a volcano, which sometimes oc- 
casions earthquakes. It is a commercial place, 
seated near the NW. extremity of the lake 
Nicaragua, 30 m. from the Pacific Ocean. Lon. 
87° 20' W. ; lat. 12° 30' N. 

LEON, New, a province in the S. part of 
New Mexico, having the gulf of Mexico on 
the E. Panuco on the S. and New Biscay on 
the W. It is little known. 

LEONARDSTOWN, v. in St. Mary's co. 
Md. situated on the N. side of Potomac river, 
33 m. SE. of Port Tobacco, and 68 S. by E. 
of W. 

LEONARDSVILLE, v. Madison co. N. Y. 
95 m. NW. by W. from Albany. 

LEPAGE, Seigniory, Cornwallis co. L. C. 
on the S. side of the St. Lawrence. 

LERMA, t. Mexico, 9 leagues WSW. from 
Lon. 99° 21' W. ; lat. 19° 16' N. 

LEROY, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 10 m. E. 
from Batavia, 38 W. from Canandaigua. It 
contains a handsome village, with a Presbyte- 
rian church. Pop. 3,909. 

LEROYSVILLE, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. 

LET ART, t. Meigs co. Ohio. 

LET ART'S RAPIDS, in Ohio river, 25 m. 
below Shade river. 

LETTERKENNY t. Franklin co. Pa. 

LEVANA, t. Brown co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 
2 m. below Ripley. It contains a printing- 
office. 

LEVANT, t. Penobscot co. Me. 10 m. NW. 
from Bangor. Pop. 747. 

LEVENWORTH, t. Crawford co. In. on 
the Ohio, at the horse-shoe bend, 12 m. W. 
from Corydon, 30 SW. from Salem, 25 S. from 
Paoli. 

LEVERETT, t. Franklin co. Mass. 10 m. 
SE. from Greenfield. Pop. 939. 

LEVESTON'S, v. Franklin co. In. 

LEVI POINT, point, L. C. on the St. Law- 
rence, opposite Quebec. 

LEWIS' CREEK, r. Vt. which runs into 
Lake Champlain, at Ferrisburg. 

LEVI, Isle du Fort, in the river St. Law- 
rence, in front of the township of Edwards- 



burgh, U. C. It lies about 5 m. below Ogdeng. 
burg. 

LEWIS, t. Essex co. Vt. 60 m. NE. from 
Montpelier. 

LEWIS, co. N. Y. bounded by Oneida S. 
Oswego SW. Jefferson NW. St. Lawrence 
NE. and Herkimer E. Length 50 m. mean 
width 30 ; soil productive in grain and pastur 
age. Chief town, Martinsburg. Pop. in 1820, 
9,227 ; in 1830, 14,958. 

LEWIS, t. Essex co. N. Y. 6 m. N. from 
Elizabethtown. Pop. 1,305. 

LEWIS, co. Va. bounded by Nicholas S. Ken- 
hawa SW. Wood NW. Harrison N. and Ran- 
dolph E. Length 45 m. mean width 32 ; soil 
generally rather barren. Chief town, West- 
town. Pop. 6,241. 

LEWIS, t. situated on the Ohio river, Brown 
co. Ohio. Pop. 2,022. 

LEWIS, co. Ken. on Ohio river, bounded by 
Fleming SW. Mason W. Ohio river N. and 
Greene E. and NE. Length 28 m. mean width 
14 ; soil productive. Chief town, Clarksburg. 
Pop. 5,206. 

LEWIS, C. H. v. Lewis co. Ken. 103 m. 
NE. by E. from Frankfort. 

LEWIS BAY, harbor of Yarmouth, Barn- 
stable co. Mass. on the S. shore of Cape Cod. 

LEWISBERRY, v. York co. Pa. 

LEWISBURG, v. Preble co. Ohio, 81 m 
SW. by W. from Columbus. 

LEWISBURG, v. Union co.Pa. on the Sus- 
quehannah river, 7 m. above Northumberland. 

LEWISBURG, t. and seat of justice, Green- 
brier co. Va. 60 m. W. from Lexington, 
Rockbridge co. 

LEWISBURG, t. Muhlenburg co. Ken. on 
Green river, 40 m. SE. from Russellville. 

LEWIS RIVER, r. of the Columbia valley. 
It is the main middle fork of Columbia, rises 
about 30° W. from W. ; lat. 40° N. and flow- 
ing NW. 900 m. joins Clark's river, and forms 
the Columbia. 

LEWIS' STORE, v. Spottsylvania co. Va, 
90 m. SSE. from Richmond. 

LEWISTON, t. Lincoln co. Me. on the E. 
side of Androscoggin, 13 m. above its junction 
with the Kennebeck. Pop. 1,549. 

LEWISTON, v. Niagara co. N. Y. on Ni- 
agara river, opposite to Queenstown, in U. C, 
Lewiston stands at the head of ship naviga- 
tion from Lake Erie. Steam-boats ply regu- 
larly from that place to Sacket's Harbor. 
Above Lewiston to navigable water, above the 
Falls of Niagara, is about 8 m. Pop. in 1820, 
869 ; in 1830, 1,528. 

LEWISTON, v. Montgomery co. Miso. 50 
m. westerly from St. Louis. 

LEWISTOWN, v. and seat of justice, Sus- 
sex co. Del. on Lewis creek, about 3 m. from 
the light-house at Cape Henlopen. It supports 
a small coasting trade. It is about 113 m. S. 
of Philadelphia. 

LEWISTOWN, v. and seat of justice, Mif- 
flin co. Pa. on the N. side of Juniatta river, 55 
m. NW. of Harrisburg, and 162 of Philadel- 
phia. Pop. 1,479. 

LEWISVILLE, v. Brunswick co. Va. about 
70 m. S. from Richmond. 



LEW — LEX 



313 



LE WISVILLE, v. Chester district, S. C. 72 
m. N. from Columbia. 

LEWISVILLE, v. Blount co. Ten. 170 m. 
E. from Murfrcesborough. 

LEXINGTON t. Middlesex co. Mass. 11 m. 
NW. from Boston. In this town, April 19th, 
1775, the first blood was shed in that revolu- 
tion which produced this flourishing republic. 
A monument has been erected on the green at 
Lexington in commemoration of this event. 
Pop. 1,541 

LEXINGTON, t. Greene co. N. Y. Pop. 2,248., 

LEXINGTON, v. Erie co. Pa. 

LEXINGTON, t and capital of Rockbridge, 
co. Va. about 150 m. W. of Richmond. It 
stands about half a mile S. of the N. branch 
of James river. Washington college was en- 
dowed by the illustrious man whose name it 
bears, with 100 shares of the James' river com- 
pany stock, which produce an annual income 
of $2,400. It has a library, and philosophical 
apparatus. The faculty are, a president, two 
professors, and a tutor. Commencement is in 
April. Here is likewise an institution for the 
education of young ladies, having a large and 
handsome edifice, and teachers in all the 
branches of education commonly taught in 
finch schools 

LEXINGTON, v. Rowan co. N. C. on a 
branch of the Yadkin, 136 m. W. from Ra- 
leigh. 

LEXINGTON, district, S. C. bounded SE., 
S. and SW. by Orangeburgh, W. by Edge- 
field, NW. by Newberry, and NE. by Fairfield 
and Richland, or by Broad and Congaree rivers. 
Length 38 m. mean width 27. Chief town, 
Granby. Pop. 9,076. 

LEXINGTON, t. and seat of justice, Ogle- 
thorpe co. Geo. on Ogeechee river, 76 m. NW. 
from Augusta. It is the seat of an academy. 

LEXINGTON, v. Richland co. Ohio, 62 m. 
NNE. from Columbus. 

LEXINGTON, t. in the north-eastern cor- 
ner of Stark co. Ohio, in which is a village of 
the same name. Pop. 869. 

LEXINGTON, t Jefferson co. In. 

LEXINGTON, t. and seat of justice, Fay- 
ette co. Kent, on Town-fork, a branch of Elk- 
horn river, 25 m. ESE. from Frankfort, and 
about 85 m. S. from Cincinnati, and 534 from 
W. Lat. 38° 6'. Lexington is the commercial 
capital of the state, and one of its most an- 
cient towns. It received its name from some 
hunters, who were encamped under the shade 
of the original forest, where it is built, and 
who, receiving the first intelligence of Lexing- 
ton battle in Massachusetts, named the town 
after that, where commenced the great strug- 
gle of American independence. It was for a 
long time the political metropolis of the state, 
and the most important town in the West. 
Transylvania University has fair claims to pre- 
cedence among western collegiate institutions. 
Its chief edifice was burnt two years since, 
but is now replaced by a handsome and more 
commodious one. It has twelve professors and 
tutors, and in the academical, medical, and law 
classes, 376 students. The buildings for the 
medical department are large and commodious ; 
2P 



and its library contains 4*500 volumes of 
standard works in medicine. All the libraries 
connected with the University number 14,100 
volumes. The law school has 25 pupils ; and 
the medical class 211, from all the southern 
and western states. The reputation of its pro- 
fessors has given it a deservedly high stand- 
ing. The Rev. Mr. Peers is at the head of a 
school gaining great reputation, as being the 
only one known in the United States, the pu- 
pils of which are professedly guided in their 
whole discipline, with reference to the physical, 
organic, and moral laws of our being. The 
Female Academy, under the care of Rev. Mr 
Woods, is in high repute, and has 100 pupils. 
There are various other schools which concur 
with these to vindicate the high literary esti- 
mation of this city. The other public edifices 
are as follow : a handsome and spacious court 
house, a large Masonic hall, and 11 churches, 
in which several denominations of Christianity 
are represented. The State Lunatic Asylum 
is a spacious and very commodious building, 
containing, on an average, 90 deranged pa- 
tients, under the guidance and efficient care of 
physicians, surgeons, and nurses. The U. S. 
Branch Bank has a large banking-house, in 
which business in the way of discount and 
negotiation of bills, is annually transacted to 
the amount of $1,700,000. The chief manu- 
factures are those of cotton-bagging, and vari- 
ous kinds of cordage, particularly bale rope. 
Of the former were manufactured in 1830, 
1,000,000 yards ; and of the latter 2,000,000 
pounds. There are three factories for spin- 
ning and weaving wool, and five or six for cot- 
ton ; and one large and several smaller ma- 
chine-making factories. In the woollen factories 
are manufactured handsome carpets! The 
town buildings in general are handsome, and 
some are magnificent. Few towns in the 
West, or elsewhere, are more delightfully situ- 
ated. Its environs have a singular softness 
and amenity of landscape, and the town wears 
an air of neatness, opulence, and repose, indL 
eating leisure and studiousness, rather thai: 
the bustle of business and commerce. It is 
situated in the centre of a proverbially rich 
and beautiful country. The frequency of hand- 
some villas and ornamented rural mansions, 
imparts the impression of vicinity to an opu- 
lent metropolis. A beautiful branch of the 
Elkhorn runs through the city, and supplies it 
with water. The main street is a mile and a 
quarter in length, and 80 feet wide ; well 
paved, and the principal roads leading from it 
to the country are M'Adamized to some dis- 
tance. In the centre of the town is the public 
square, surrounded by handsome buildings. In 
this square is the market-house, which is am- 
ply supplied with all the products of the state. 
The inhabitants are cheerful, intelligent, con- 
versable, and noted for their hospitality to 
strangers. The professional men are distin- 
guished for their attainments in their several 
walks, and many distinguished and eminent 
men have had their origin here. The Univer- 
sity, with its professors and students, and the 
numerous distinguished strangers that are vis 



314 



LEX— LIN 



king here, during the summer months, add to 
the attractions of the city. The people are 
addicted to giving parties ; and the tone of 
society is fashionable and pleasant. Strangers, 
in general, are much pleased with a temporary 
sojourn in this city, which conveys high ideas 
of the refinement and taste of the country. 
There are now much larger towns in the 
West ; but none presenting more beauty and 
intelligence. The stranger, on finding him- 
self in the midst of its polished and interest- 
ing society, cannot but be carried back by the 
strong contrast to the time, when the patri- 
archal hunters of Kentucky, reclining on their 
bulfalo robes around their evening fires, cano- 
pied by the lofty trees and the stars, gave it 
the name it bears, by patriotic acclamation. 
The number of inhabitants is 6,104. 

LEXINGTON, v. and seat of justice, Hen- 
derson co. Ten. on Beech river, a small branch 
entering Tennessee river from the W. 140 m. 
SSW. from Nashville. 

LEXINGTON, v. Scott co. In. 95 m. a lit- 
tle E. of S. from Indianapolis. 

LEXINGTON, t. Boone co. Miso. 163 m. 
W. from St. Louis. 

LEXINGTON, C. H. and v. Lexington dis- 
trict, S. C. 12 m. from Columbia. 

LEXINGTON HEIGHTS, v. Greene co. 
N. Y. 50 m. from Albany. 

LEXINGTON HILL, v. Lillard co. Miso. 
173 m. W. from St. Louis. 

LEYDEN, t. Franklin co. Mass. Pop. 796. 

LEYDEN, t. Lewis co. N. Y. on Black 
river, 33 m. N. from Utica, 115 NW- from Al- 
bany. Pop. 1,502. 

LIBERTY, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. on Dela- 
ware river. Pop. in 1820, 851 ; in 1830, 1,277. 

LIBERTY, v. Tioga co. Penn. 123 m. from 
Harrisburg. 

LIBERTY, v. and seat of justice, Bedford 
CO: Va. on one of the higher branches of Otter 
river, 25 m. SE. from Fincastle. 

LIBERTY, co. of Geo. bounded by the At- 
lantic Ocean SE. M'Intosh S. Alatamaha river 
SW. Tatnall NW. and Bryan NE. length 50 
m. mean width 10. Chief town, Riceborough. 
Pop. in 1820, 6,695; in 1830, 7,234. 

LIBERTY, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. 

LIBERTY, t. in the S. part of Delaware co. 
Ohio. 

LIBERTY, t. Columbia co. Pa. 

LIBERTY, t. and cap. Amite co. Mis. 65 
m. from Madisonville. 

LIBERTY, t. Union co. In. 

LIBERTY, t. Smith co. Ten. 20 m. S. from 
Carthage. 5 

LIBERTY, t. Casey co. Ken. Pop. 118. 

LIBERTY, t. Butler co. Ohio, 6 m. E. from 
Hamilton. Pop. 1,729. 

LIBERTY, t. Clinton co. Ohio, 7 m. N. from 
Wilmington. Pop. 800. 

LIBERTY, t. Highland co. Ohio, in which 
is Hillsborough, the seat of justice for the co. 

LIBERTY, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 9 m. 
W. from Dayton. 

LIBERTY, t. Washington co. Missouri. 

LIBERTY, East, v. Marion co. Ten. 102 
m. from Murfreesborough. 



LIBERTY CORNER, v. Somerset co. M X 

LIBERTY HALL, v. Morgan co. Geo. 

LIBERTY HALL, v. Pittsylvania co. Va, 
121 m. from Richmond. 

LIBERTY HALL, Pendleton district, S. C. 
107 m. NW. from Columbia. 

LIBERTY HILL, vv Kershaw district, 
S C 

LIBERTY HILL, v. Greene co. Al. 

LIBERTY TOWN, t. Frederick co. Md. 
12 m. NE. Frederickton, 46 from W. 

LICK, t. Jackson co. Ohio, 

LICKING, r. Ken. which falls into the Ohio 
at Newport, after a course of more than 180 
miles. It is navigable 70 miles. 

LICKING, r. Ohio, which joins the Mus- 
kingum on the W. opposite Zanesville. Near 
its mouth extensive iron works are erected. 

LICKING, co. Ohio. Sq. ms. 700. Pop. 
20,868. Chief town, Newark. 

LICKING, t. Licking co. Ohio. 

LICKING, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 10 m.. 
NW. from Zanesville. 

LICKING CREEK, v. in the SE. angle of 
Bedford co. Pa. 25 m. SE. from Bedford, and 
10 m. N. from Hancockstown. 

LICKING-STATION, v. Floyd co. Ken. 

LICKVILLE, v. Greenville district, S. 116 
m. NW. from Columbia. 

LICONIA, v. Harrison co. Indiana. 

LIGONIA, v. Somerset co. Maine, 81 m. N. 
from Portland. 

LIGONIA, v. in the NE. angle of West- 
moreland co. Pa. 

LIGONTON, v. Amelia co. Va. 

LILY POINT, v. King William co. Va, 
36 m. NE. from Richmond. 

LIMA, t. Livingston co, N. Y. 16 m. W. 
from Canandaigua. Pop. in 1820, 1,963 ; in 
1830, 1,764. 

LIME CREEK, v. Monroe co. Alabama. 

LIMERICK, t. York co. Me. about 12 m. 
W. of the river Saco. Pop. in 1820, 1,377; in 
1830, 1,426. 

LIMERICK, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. 

LIMERICK, t. Montgomery co. Pa. on the 
NE. side of the Schuylkill, 5 m. E. from Potts- 
grove, and 25 W. from Philadelphia. Pop. 
1 744. 

' LIME ROCK, v. Providence co. R. I. 6 m 
from Providence. 

LIMESTONE CREEK, r. Ten. the NE. 
branch of Nolachucky river. 

LIMESTONE, co. Alabama, bounded by 
Tennessee river SW. Lauderdale co. W. Giles 
co. in Tennessee N. and Madison co. in AL 
E. ; length 30 m. width 24. Much of the soil 
is excellent. Chief town, Cotton-Port. Pop. 
in 1820, 9,871 ; in 1830, 14,843. 

LIMINGTON, t. York co. Me. on the W. 
side of Saco river, 4 m. W. of Standish, and 
22 W. of Portland. Pop. 2,320. 

LINARES, t. Mexico, in New Leon, be- 
tween Bravo and St. Fernando rivers. Loru 
from W. 22° 20' ; lat. 25° 50'. 

LINCHANCHIA, t. Yucatan, 25 m. N. of 
Merida. 

LINCOLN, co. Niagara district, U. C, on 
Niagara river, at its mouth. 



LIN— LIT 



315 



LINCOLN, t. Sunbury co. New Brunswick, 
-on the W. side of the river St. John. 

LINCOLN, co. Maine, on both sides of the 
Kennebeck; bounded by the Atlantic Ocean 
S. Kennebeck Bay and Androscoggin river 
SW. Kennebeck co. NVV. Hancock NE. and 
Penobscot Bay E. Length 45 m. mean width 
25. Soil productive in grain and pasturage. 
Chief town, Wiscasset, Pop. in 1820, 53,189 ; 
in 1830, 57,181. 

LINCOLN, t, Grafion co. N. H. between 
the sources of the Merrimack and Ammo- 
noosuch rivers, 60 m. above Concord. Pop. 50. 

LINCOLN, t. Addison co. Vt, 21 m. SW. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 639. 

LINCOLN, t. Middlesex co. Mass. Pop. 
709. 

LINCOLN, co. N. C. bounded by South Ca- 
rolina S. Rutherford W. Burke NW. Iredell 
or Catawba river NE. and Catawba river or 
Mecklenburg E. ; length 48 m, mean width 25, 
Soil on the streams excellent. Chief staple, 
cotton. Chief town, Lincolnton. Pop. in 1820, 
18,147 ; in 1830, 22,625. 

LINCOLN, co. Geo. on Savannah river ; 
bounded by Columbia SE. Wilkes SW. and 
Savannah river NE ; length 22 m. mean width 
10. Chief town Lincolnton. Pop. in 1820, 
6,458; in 1830, 6,137. 

LINCOLN, co. Ken. bounded by Pulaski 
SE. Casey SW. and W. Mercer NW. Garrard 
NE. and Rockcastle E. ; length 27 m. mean 
width 17. Chief towns, Stanford and Crab 
orchard. Pop. in 1820, 9,979; in 1830, 11,012.! 

LINCOLN, co. W. Ten. bounded by Madison 
eo. in Al. S. by Giles co. in Ten. W. Bedford 
N. and Franklin E. ; length 25 m. breadth 23. 
Staple, cotton. Chief town, Fayetteville. Pop. 
in 1820, 14,761 ; in 1830, 22,086. 

LINCOLN, v. Mercer co. Ken. on Dick's 
river. 

LINCOLN, co. Miso. bounded by Missis- 
sippi river E. Cuivre river SE. Montgomery 
co. SW. and W. and by Pike NW. and N. ; 
length 24 m. breadth 22. Pop. 4,060. Chief 
town, Troy. 

LINCOLNTON, t. and seat of justice, Lin- 
coln co. N.C. on Little Catawba, 150 m. SW. 
by W. from Raleigh, and 31 NW. from Char- 
lotte. 

LINCOLNTON, t. and cap. Lincoln co. 
Geo. 40 m. NW. from Augusta. 

LINDEN, v. Marengo co. Alabama. 

LINDLEY'S STORE, v. Albemarle co. 
Va. 

LINDLEY'S STORE, v. Orange co. N.C. 

LINDSEY'S MILLS, v. Trigg co. Ken. 

LINDSLEYSTOWN, v. Steuben co. N.Y. 

LINE CREEK, v. Montgomerv co. Al. 

LINGWICK, t. Buckingham co". L. C. 80 m. 
SE. Three Rivers. 

LINK LEAIR, v. Chenango co. N. Y. 

LINTON, Coshocton co. Ohio. 

LISBON, t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the An- 
droscoggin, 23 m. W. from Wiscasset. Pop. 
2,432. 

LISBON, t. Lincoln co. Geo. at the junction 
of Broad and Savannah rivers. 



LISBON, t. New London co. Ct. on the 

Quinebaug, 7 m. N. from Norwich, 45 SE. 
from Hartford. Pop. 1,166. 

LISBON, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the 
river St. Lawrence, 3 miles below Ogdensburg. 
Pop. 1,891. 

LISBON, t. Clark co. Ohio. 

LISBON, v. Grafton co. N. H. Pop. 1,585. 

LISBURN, v. Cumberland co. Pa. 

LISBURN, cape, on the NW. coast of 
America. 

LISLE, t. Broome co. N. Y. 15 m. N. from 
Binghampton, 120 m. from Albany. Pop. 4,393. 

LISLE, v. Broome co. N. Y. 

LITCHFIELD, t. Lincoln co. Me. 25 m. 
NW. from Wiscasset, 10 from Halloweil. Pop. 
2,308. 

LITCHFIELD, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 
on the Merrimack, 30 m. S. from Concord. 
Pop. 505. 

LITCHFIELD, co. Ct. Soil is fertile. Pop. 
42,855. Chief town, Litchfield. 

LITCHFIELD, t. and cap. Litchfield co. 
Ct. 30 m. W. from Hartford, 38 NNW. from 
New Haven. Lon. 73° 15' W.; lat. 41° 42' N. 
Pop. 4,458. It is an elevated township ; Mount 
Tom, near the SW. corner, is 700 feet above 
the river at its base. Litchfield Great Pond, 
the largest in the state, is a beautiful sheet of 
water, comprising an area of about 900 acres. 
At its outlet are numerous valuable mill-seats. 
There are in Litchfield 4 forges, 1 slitting- 
miU, 1 nail manufactory, 18 saw-mills, 6 full- 
ing-mills, 5 large tanneries, besides several 
other manufacturing establishments. There 
are 8 houses of public worship ; 4 for Congre 
gationalists, 3 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Bap- 
tists. In the Society of South Farms in Morris 
Academy, a flourishing institution, established 
in 1790, the Latin and Greek languages are 
taught, and particular attention is paid to the 
morals of the students. Litchfield village, in- 
corporated in 1818, is pleasantly situated along 
the summit of a hill, commanding an extensive 
and delightful prospect. It contains a court- 
house, jail, bank, 2 meeting-houses, and 84 
dwelling-houses. Here also is a private school 
for young ladies, which maintains a very dis- 
tinguished reputation. The Litchfield Law 
School was established in 1784, by the Hon. 
Tapping Reeve. This has been justly con- 
sidered as the most respectable and systematic 
law school in the United States. The number 
of students educated since its establishment is 
more than 600. 

LITCHFIELD, t. Herkimer co. N Y 10 
m. SW. from Herkimer, 10 S. from Utica. 
Pop. 1,750. 

LITCHFIELD, v. Bradford co. Pa. 193 m. 
N. from Harrisburg. 

LITCHFIELD, v. Grayson co. Ken. 70 m. 
SSW. from Louisville. 

LITIZ, t. in Warwick township, Lancaster 
co. Pa. on a branch of Conestoga creek, 8 m 
N. from Lancaster, 66 W. by N. from Phila- 
delphia. It is settled by Moravians, and con- 
tains about 300 inhabitants, a church, and an 
academy. 



316 



LIT— LLC 



LITTLE BEAVER, r. which rises in Ohio, 
and joins Ohio river in Pennsylvania, after a 
SE. course of 30 m. 

LITTLE BEAVER BRIDGE, v. Columbi- 
ana co. Ohio, 55 m. NW. from Pittsburg. 

LITTLE BRITAIN, v. Orange co. N. Y. 

LITTLE BRITAIN, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 
It is situated on the W. side of Octorara creek. 

LITTLE COMPTON t Newport co. R. I. 
It is famous for its dairies. Pop. 1,378. 

LITTLE FALLS, v. Herkimer co. N. Y. 
There is a canal round Little Falls in the Mo- 
hawk, at this place. 

LITTLE HOCKHOCKING, a stream in 
the S. part of Washington co. Ohio, running 
into the Ohio river, 5 m. below the mouth of 
Great Hockhocking. 

LITTLE HOCKHOCKING, v. Washing- 
ton co. Ohio, 116 m. SE. from Columbus. 

LITTLE INDIAN CREEK, small stream 
of Clermont co. Ohio, putting into the Ohio r. 
2 m. below Big Indian creek. 

LITTLE MACKINAW, r. II. which now 
runs into the E. side of Illinois r. 15 m. below 
Fort Clark. It is navigable 90 m. 

LITTLE MIAMI, r. rising in the SW. cor- 
ner of Madison co. and after running SW. 
above 70 m. across Clark, Green, Warren, and 
Hamilton cos. joins the Ohio, 7 m. above Cin- 
cinnati. It is one of the best mill-streams in 
the state, and is improved to a considerable ex- 
tent, having above 50 mills of various kinds on 
it. For navigation, it is of little consequence, 
but for mills, is preferable to the Great Miami. 

LITTLE MISSOURI, the name of 2 rivers 
of the U. S. one a branch of Missouri, joining 
that stream from the SW. 90 m. above the 
Mandan villages ; and the other, a branch of 
Wachitta, in Arkansas, rises with the Little 
river of the N. flows E. and falls into the Wa- 
shitau from the W. 

LITTLE MISSOURI, t. Arkansas Terri- 
tory, on Little Missouri river, a S. branch of 
the Wachitta. 

LITTLE PLYMOUTH, v. King and 
Queen co. Va. 

LITTLE REST, v. of South Kingston, and 
cap. of Washington co. R. I. It contains a 
court-house, a bank, and a Congregational 
church. 

LITTLE RIVER, r. which rises in N. C. 
and runs into the Pedee. It forms part of 
the boundary between North Carolina and 
South Carolina. 

LITTLE RIVER, r. Geo. which runs into 
the Savannah, 30 m. above Augusta. 

LITTLE RIVER, r. Geo. which runs into 
the Oconee, about 12 m. above Milledgeville. 

LITTLE RIVER, r. Christian co. Ken. runs 
into the E. side of the Cumberland. 

LITTLE RIVER, r. Indiana, which runs 
into the Wabash, above Vincennes. 

LITTLE ROCK, or Arkapolis, the seat of 
government of Arkansas territory, is on the N. 
bank of the Arkansas, where the first hills oc- 
cur in ascending the river. The land here is 
elevated 150 or 200 feet above the level of the 
river, and has good springs of water. The 
great road from St. Louis to the Wachitta and 



Natchitoches passes through, this place. The 
settlement was commenced in 1820. Here i» 
a printing-office, from which a newspaper is 
issued. It is 300 m. from the mouth of the 
Arkansas, 130 below Dwight, and 50 from the 
Wachitta. 

LITTLE SANDY SALT-WORKS, v. in 
Greenup co. Ken. 

LITTLETON, t. Grafton co. N. H. on Con- 
necticut river, 75 m. N. from Concord (the 
capital). Pop. 1,435. Here is a bridge across 
the river to Concord. 

LITTLETON, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 28 m. 
WNW. from Boston. Pop. 947. 

LITTLETON, t. Sussex co. Va. 

LITTLETON, v. Warren co. N. C. 67 m. 
SE. from Raleigh. 

LITTLETON'S ISLAND, small island in 
the Florida stream. Lon. 81° 40' W.; lat. 
24° 42' N. 

LITTLETON VILLAGE, t. in the N. part 
of Grafton co. N. H. 91 m. N. from Concord. 

LITTLE VALLEY, t. Cataraugus co. N.Y. 
Pop. 337. 

LITTLE YORK, v. Montgomery co. Ohio, 
77 m. SW. from Columbus. 

LITTLE YORK, v. Hardin co. Ken. 91 m. 
SW. from Frankfort. 

LIVERMORE, t. Oxford co. Me. on the 
Androscoggin, 18 m. NE. from Paris, 78 from 
Portland. Pop. 2,456. 

LIVERPOOL, v. Onondago co. N. Y. 3 m. 
from Salina. 

LIVERPOOL, v. in the NE. part of Perry 
co. Pa. on the right bank of Susquehannah r. 
about 30 m. above Harrisburg. 

LIVERPOOL, v. York co. Pa. 6 m, N. from 
the borough of York. 

LIVERPOOL, v. Medina co. Ohio, 170 m. 
NE. from Columbus. 

LIVINGSTON, t. Columbia co. N. Y. Pop. 
2,087. It is situated 40 m. S. from Albany, 
on the river Hudson. 

LIVINGSTON, co. N. Y. on both sides of 
Genesee river, bounded S. by Steuben and Al- 
leghany, W. by Genesee, N. by Monroe, and 
E. by Ontario ; length 30 m. width 20. Pop. 
27,709. Genesee is the capital. 

LIVINGSTON, v. Essex co. N. J. 54 m. 
NE. from Trenton. 

LIVINGSTON, co. Ken. bounded by Ten- 
nessee river SW. by Ohio river W. and NW 
by Trade Water river, or Union co. NE. and 
Caldwell co. SE. ; length 47 m. mean width 15. 
Much of the soil is highly fertile. Pop. 1820, 
5,824; in 1830, 6,607. Chief town, Salem. 

LIVINGSTON, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 3 m. 
SE. from Circleville. 

LIVINGSTON'S CREEK, r. N. C. which 
runs into the W. side of the NW. branch of 
Cape Fear river. 

LIVINGSTONVILLE, v. Schoharie co. 
N. Y. 22 m. W. from Albany. 

LIVONIA, t. Livingston co. N. Y. between 
Genesee and Hemlock Lake, 20 m. SW. from 
Canandaigua. Pop. 2,665. 

LIVONIA, v. Washington co. In. 97 m. & 
from Indianapolis. 

LLOYD'S, v. Essex co. Va. 



LLO— LON 



317 



LLOYD'S LAKE, bay on the S. coast of 
Florida. Lon. 80 3 50' W. ; lat. 25° 18' N. 

LLOYD'S NECK, a peninsula, N. Y. on 
N. shore of Long Island, forming the west 
side of Huntington bay. 

LOCHABER, t. York co. L. C. on Ottawa 
river. 

LOCKE, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. 23 m. SSE. 
from Auburn. Pop. 3,310. 

LOCKPORT, very thriving v. of Niagara 
co. N. Y. on the Erie canal, 220 m. by the ca- 
nal W. from Utica, and by the canal 34 NNE. 
from Buffalo. It is at this village that the first 
series of locks, from lake Erie, occurs in the 
canal, and brings the water from the Erie level 
to that of Rochester, by 5 double locks of 12 
feet each. The village is on the high ground 
above the locks. Lat. 43° 12' N. ; lon 1° 45' 
W. from W. Pop. in 1823, 500 ; in 1830, 
3 823. 

' LOCKWOOD, v. Sussex co. N. J. 78 m. N. 
from Trenton, 

LOCUST GROVE, v. Orange co. Va. 86 m. 
NW. from Richmond. 

LODIMONT, v. Abbeville district, S. C. 134 
ra. W. from Columbus. 

LODO, Cape, or Mad Cape, on the coast of 
Louisiana, at the mouth of the Mississippi r. 
Lon. 71° 42' W. ; lat. 29° 10' N. 

LOFTUS' HEIGHTS, v. Wilkinson co. 
Mis. on the Mississippi river, 38 m. by land 
above Natchez, 51 by the river. 

LOFTY MOUNT, hill on S. coast of New 
Holland. Lon. 138° 42' E. ; lat. 34° 59' S. 

LOGAN, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Hardin, 
E. by Union, S. by Champaign, SW. by Miami, 
W. by Shelby, and NW. by Allen. Length 
26 m. breadth 21. The land is tolerably level 
vnd fertile. Pop. in 1820, 3,181; in 1830, 
6,442. Chief town, Bellefontaine. 

LOGAN, v. and seat of justice for Hocking 
co. Ohio, on the N. bank of Hocking river, 18 
m. SE. from Lancaster. Pop. 97. 

LOGAN, co. Ken. bounded by Ten. Todd 
co. Ken. W. Muhlenburg NW. Butler N. and 
Simpson NE. Length 30 m. mean width 21. 
Soil excellent. Pop. in 1820, 14, 423 ; in 1830, 
13,002. Chief town, Russellville. 

LOGAN, t Wayne co. Missouri. 

LOGGERHEAD KEY, El Contoy, small 
isl. in the bay of Honduras, near the coast of 
Yucatan. Lon. 87° 45' W. ; lat. <21° 25' N. 

LOMBARDY, v. Amelia co. Va. 50 m. SW. 
from Richmond. 

LOMBARDY, v. Columbia co. Geo. 64 m. 
from Milledgeville. 

LOMBARDY GROVE, v. Mecklenburg co. 
Va. 110 m. from Richmond. 

LONDON, t. U. C. on the Thames, about 
100 m. NE. by E. from Detroit, and 150 SW. 
by W. from York. 

LONDON, t. and seat of justice, Madison 
co. Ohio, 25 m. W. by S. from Columbus. 
Pop. 249. 

LONDON, t. Ann-Arundel co. Md. 5 m. 
SW. from Annapolis. 

LONDON BRIDGE, v. Princess Anne co. 
Va. 140 m. SE. from Richmond. 

LONDONDERRY, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 



35 m. SW. from Portsmouth, and 37 NW. from 
Newburyport, Mass. Pop. 1,469. 

LONDONDERRY, t. Windham co. Vt. 27 
m. SW. from Windsor. Pop. 1,302. 

LONDON HARBOR, a bay of the island 
of St. John, on its N. side. 

LONGACOMING, v. Gloucester co. N. J. 
16 m. SE. from Philadelphia. 

LONG BAY, that part of the Atlantic coast 
of the U. S. between the mouths of the Pedee 
and Cape Fear rivers. 

LONG BEACH, on the coast of Monmouth 
co. N. J. is a low sandy island extending from 
Barnegat Inlet, to Little Egg Harbor. 

LONG BEACH, U. C. on Lake Ontario. 
From its W. point the boundary between York 
and Durham counties commences. 

LONG CANE CREEK, r. S. C. which runs 
into the Savannah river. Lon. 82° 11' W. ; 
lat. 33° 45' N. 

LONG ISLAND, an island of N. Y. sepa- 
rated from Connecticut by Long Island Sound, 
and divided into 3 counties, Kings, Queens, 
and Suffolk. It extends from the Narrows E. 
140 m. but is not more than 10 m. broad on a 
medium. Pop. 69,793. 

LONG ISLAND, island, in Penobscot Bay, 
Maine. On this island is the town of Isles- 
borough. 

LONG ISLAND, small isl. in Chesapeake 
Bay, near the coast of Virginia, at the mouth 
of York river. 

LONG ISLAND, or Great Island, in Hols- 
ton river, Tennessee, 43 m. from Abingdon, 
Va. and 100 above Knoxville. 

LONG ISLAND, isl. near the S. coast of 
Jamaica. Lon. 76° 58' W. ; lat. 17° 51' N. 

LONG ISLAND, isl. near the N. coast of 
Antigua. Lon. 61° 28' W. ; lat. 17° 17' N. 

LONG ISLAND, isl. in Hudson's Straits. 
Lon. 75° W. ; lat 61° N. 

LONG ISLAND, one of the smaller Ber- 
mudas. 

LONG ISLAND, small isl. U. S. in the 
Gulf of Mexico, near the coast of Florida. 
Lon 82° 55' W. ; lat. 27° 50' N. 

LONG ISLAND, isl. in Green Bay, W. of 
Lake Michigan. 

LONG ISLAND SOUND, 25 m. broad and 
140 long, extending the whole length of Long 
Island, and dividing it from Connecticut. It 
communicates with the Atlantic at both ends 
of the island. 

LONG KEY, Middle, North, and South, 3 
small islands in the Bay of Honduras, near 
the coast of Mexico. Lon. 88° 50' W. ; lat 
16° 57' N. 

LONG MEADOW, t. Hampden co. Mass 
on the left side of Connecticut river, 6 m. be- 
low Springfield. Pop. 1,257. 

LONGMIRE'S, v. Monroe co. Alabama. 

LONG POINT, or Abineau, peninsula, 
U. C. in Lake Erie, projecting 18 m. into the 
lake. Boats are taken across it about 4 miles 
from the main, where it is only about 20 yards 
wide. 

LONG POND, in Cumberland co. Maine, 
chiefly in Bridgetown, 10 m. long, and 1 broad, 
connected by Sungo river with Sebago lake 



318 



LON— LOU 



LONG POND, lake, Orange co. N. Y. on 
the confines of the state; it is about 16 m. in 
circumference, and discharges its waters into 
a brand] of Passaic river. 

LONG PRAIRIE, v. Arkansas, 175 m. from 
Little Rock. 

LONG REACH, a remarkable long and; 
straight portion of the Ohio river, stretching 
17 m. along the NE. borders of Washington 
co. Ohio. 

LONG SAUT, Isle au, in the river St. Law- 
rence, and in front of the township of Osna- 
bruck, contains from 1000 to 1500 acres; the 
soil is good. It lies off the NE. angle of St. 
Lawrence co. N. Y. 

LONG SHOAL, r. N. C. which runs into 
Pamlico Sound, long. 76° 4' W. ; lat. 35° 
21' N. 

LONG SHOAL POINT, cape, on the coast 
of N. C. at the mouth of Long Shoal river. 
Lon. 76 3 2' W. ; lat. 35° 22' N. 

LONG SHOALS, an expansion of Cumber- 
land river in Pulaski co. Ken. It contains 
several islands. 

LONG'S MILL, v. Orange co. N. C. 74 m. 
NW. from Raleigh. 

LONGTOWN, v. Rowan co. N. C. 150 m. 
W. from Raleigh. 

LONICERA, v. Baldwin co. Geo. 11 m. 
from Milledgeville. 

LOOKOUT, Cape, one of those remarkable 
promontories of N. C. It is the SW. point of 
Ocracock bar, and the SW. outlet of Core 
Sound. 

LOOKOUT, Mountain, one of the Apalachi- 
an ridges in the NW. part of Georgia, termi- 
nating near the Suck in Tennessee river. 

LOOKOUT, Point, a narrow strip of land, 
Md. at the junction of the Potomac with Ches- 
apeake Bay. 

LOOP, v. Giles co. Va. 275 m. W. from 
Richmond. 

LORAIN, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Lake 
Erie, W. by Huron, S. by Richland and Wayne, 
and E. by Medina and Cuyahoga ; length 30 
m. mean width 23. Pop. 5,696. Elyria is the 
capital. 

LORAMIE, t. Shelby co. Ohio. 

LORAMIE ; S CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs 
into the Miami above Piqua. 

LORENZO, San, t, Mexico, province of 
New Biscay, with 500 inhabitants, whose em- 
ployment consists in cultivating the grape. 

LORETTO, t Cambria co. Pa. 

LORETTO, v. Essex co. Va. 77 m. NE. 
from Richmond. 

LORRAINE, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. 20 m. 
from Sacket's Harbor. Pop. 1,727. 

LOST CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into 
the E. side of the Miami, in Miami co. 

LOST CREEK, t. Miami co. Ohio. 

LOST CREEK, r. Vigo co. In. which flows 
towards the E. side of the Wabash, but before 
reaching it is lost in the sands. 

LOST RUN, r. Vigo co. In. which runs to- 
wards Otter creek, but before reaching it is 
lost in the sands. 

LOUDON, t. Merrimack co. N. H. on the 



E. side of Merrimack river, 45 m. NW. from 
Portsmouth. Pop. 1,642. 

LOUDON, v. Franklin co. Pa. 63 m. SW. 

from Harrisburg. 

LOUDON, co. Va. bounded SE. by Fairfax, 
SW. by Prince William and Fauquier, NW. 
by Frederick and Jefferson, and NE. by the 
Potomac river. Soil excellent. Staples, grain 
and flour. Chief town, Leesburg. Pop. 21,938. 

LOUDONVILLE, t. in the south-eastern 
quarter of Richland co. Ohio, 66 m. NE. from 
Columbus. 

LOUGHBOROUGH, t. Frontenac co. U. C. 

LOUGHBOROUGH CANAL, inlet on the 
NW. coast of America, in the Gulf of Georgia, 
30 m. long and 1 broad. Lon. 234° 35' E. ; 
lat. 50° 27' N. 

LOUGHERTY'S CREEK, r. In. which 
runs into the Ohio, 11 m. below the mouth of 
Miami river. 

LOUIS, St. s-p. and fortress, St. Domingo, 
on the SW. coast, at the head of a bay of its 
name. The exports are coffee, cotton, and in- 
digo. 70 m. WSW. of Port au Prince. Lon. 
73° 32' W. ; lat. 18° 16' N. 

LOUIS, St. lake of N. America, formed by 
the junction of the Ottawa with the St. Law- 
rence. It is 12 m. long and 6 broad. 

LOUIS, St. river of N. America, which has 
its source near the eastern head-waters of the 
Mississippi, and falls into Lake Superior on 
the west shore. It is navigable 150 m. Lon. 
91° 52' W. ; lat. 46° 44' N. 

LOUIS, St. co. Missouri, on the Mississippi. 
Pop. 14,907. 

LOUIS, St. the capital of the above county, 
and the chief commercial town in the state 
of Missouri. It is situated 18 m. below the 
mouth of the Missouri, between 30 and 40 be- 
low the mouth of the Illinois, and nearly 200 
above the mouth of the Ohio. Nature seldom 
offers a more delightful site for a town. In 
many respects it resembles that of Albany in 
New York. It is on a kind of second bottom, 
that rises gently from the water to a second 
bank. The ascent to this is not at all pre- 
cipitous. Having surmounted this bank, an 
extensive plain opens to view. It is accessible 
by steam-boats from New Orleans at the lowest 
stages of the water. The town was founded 
by the French from Canada in 1764, and many 
of the inhabitants are still French. Here is a 
Catholic college and cathedral. A considerable 
part of the western fur-trade centres here, and 
the town is otherwise well situated for com- 
merce. The passage to New Orleans is 1,200 
miles by the river, and there are 6 steam-boats 
constantly plying between these two places. 
For a more full account of steam-boats, see 
State of Missouri. The town is regularly laid 
out, and extends 2 m. along the river. Pop. 
5,852. Lat. 38° 36' N. ; lon. 89° 56' W. 

LOUISA, co. central part of Va. bounded 
N. by Orange and Spottsylvania cos. E. by 
Hanover co. S. by Goochland and Fluvana cos. 
and W. by Albemarle co. Pop. 16,151. 

LOUISIANA, v. and seat of justice, Pike 
co. Miso. 96 m. N. from St. Louis. It is situ. 



LOU— LOW 



319 



ated on the Mississippi, at the mouth of Salt 
liver. 

LOUISIANA, State of. See page 118. 

LOUISBURG, t. and cap. Franklin co. N.C. 
on Tar river, 23 miles NE. from Raleiffh, 55 
WNW. from Tarborough, 256 from W. It 
contains 2 academies, one for males, and the 
other for females. 

LOUISTOWN, v. Talbot co. Md. 10 m. NE. 
from Easton. 

LOUISVILLE, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 
on the St. Lawrence 25 m E. from Ogdens- 
burg, 568 from W. Pop. 1,076. 

LOUISVILLE, t. port of entry, and cap. 
Jefferson co. Ken. on the Ohio, at the head of 
the Rapids, 140 m. by the river below Cincin- 
nati, 52 W. from Frankfort, 137 S. of E. from 
Vincennes, and 590 from W. The position of 
this city is 38° 18' N. and 5° 42' W. from W. 
It contained in 1800, 600 inhabitants ; 1810, 
1,350 ; 1820, 4,012 ; 1830, 10,336, having more 
than doubled its population within the last 10 
years. Louisville, in a commercial point of 
view, is far the most important town in the 
state. The main street is nearly a mile in 
length, and is as noble as compact, and has as 
much the air of a maritime town, as any 
street in the western country. It is situated 
on an extensive sloping plain, below the mouth 
of Beargrass, about a quarter of a mile above 
the principal declivity of the falls. The three 
principal streets run parallel with the river, 
and command fine views of the villages and 
the beautiful country on the opposite shore. 
The public buildings are a court-house, jail, 
poor-house, and work-house, powder magazine, 
marine hospital, city school-house, 8 churches 
for the prevalent denominations of the country, 
Washington Hall, Columbian Inn, and other 
respectable hotels, City Hall, United States 
Branch Bank, house of Fire and Marine In- 
surance Company, Iron Foundery, Jefferson 
Cotton Factory, 5 steam-mills, Union Hall, and 
Theatre. The marine hospital is a conspicu- 
ous and showy building. The free public 
school-house is a noble edifice, taking into 
view its object. It was commenced in 1829, 
as a kind of model school for a general system 
of free schools ; and was built at an expense 
of 7,500 dollars. It is intended to accommo- 
date 700 or 800 pupils. The greatest fall in 
the Ohio is just below this city. In high 
stages of water, the rocks and shallows are 
all covered, and boats pass without perceiving 
them. But this stage of water does not occur, 
on an average, more than two months in the 
year, rendering it necessary at all other times, 
that boats from the lower country should stop 
here. The falls equally arrested boats from 
above. Consequently freights intended for the 
country above were required, at a great ex- 
pense of time, delay, and factorage, to be un- 
loaded, transported by land round the falls, and 
reloaded in boats above. Large steam-boats 
from New Orleans, though belonging to the 
upper country, were obliged to lie by through 
the summer at Portland. To remedy these 
inconveniences, the Louisville and Portland 
Canal round the falls has been constructed. It 



overcomes the ascent of 22 feet by 5 locks, and 
is 40 feet deep. See page 133. 

LOUISVILLE, t. and cap. Jefferson co. 
Geo. on the Ogeechee, 70 m. from its mouth, 
50 E. from Milledgeville, 110 NW. from Sa- 
vannah, 644 from W. It contains a court- 
house, a jail, and a meeting-house. This town 
was formerly the seat of the state govern 
ment. 

LOUTRE, isl. and v. Montgomery co. Miso 
68 m. W. from St. Louis. Lat. 38° 42' N. 
Loutre Island is in the Mississippi river, op- 
posite Gasconade co. and below the mouth of 
Gasconade river. 

LOVEL, t. Oxford co. Maine, 20 m. WSW 
from Paris. Pop. 698. 

LOVETON, t. Baltimore co. Md. 55 m. 
from W. 

LOVINGTON, t. Nelson co. Va. 170 m. 
from W. 

LOWELL, t. Middlesex co. Mass. on the 
Merrimack, 25 m. NW. from Boston. This 
place has grown up within a few years by 
means of its manufactures, and is now the 
most important manufacturing town in the 
United States, except Pittsburg. It has the 
waters of the Merrimack at command, with a 
fall of above 30 feet. The largest manufactur- 
ing establishments in the country are at this 
place ; they belong to 8 or 10 different compa- 
nies. A small cotton manufactory was first 
established here in 1813, and others were 
added a short time afterwards ; at present the 
place continues to increase and bids fair to 
equal any of the interior towns in the U. States. 
The manufactures of Lowell are chiefly cot- 
ton, of which more than 14,000,000 yards are 
made annually. Here are also made carpet- 
ing, cassimeres, satinets, &c. It contains a 
number of churches and public buildings, and 
has had the most rapid growth of any town in 
the state. In 1830 it contained 6,478 inhabit- 
ants. 

LOWER ADDISON, v. Steuben co. N. Y. 
about 20 m. S. from Bath. 

LOWER BARTLETT, v. Coos co. N. H. 
76 m. N. from Concord. 

LOWER BLUE LICK, v. Nicholas co. 
Ken. 69 m. NE. by E. from Frankfort. 

LOWER GILMANTON, v. Strafford co, 
N. H. 24 m. NNE. from Concord. 

LOWER GUIVRE, t. St. Charles co. Miso. 

LOWER MARLBOROUGH, v. Calvert co, 
Md. on the E. side of Patuxent river, 30 m 
SSW. of Annapolis, and 24 NW. of St. Leon- 
ards. 

LOWER SANDUSKY, v. Sandusky co. 
Ohio, on Sandusky river, 102 m. N. from Co- 
lumbus. Pop. 351. 

LOWER SMITHFIELD, v. Northampton 
co. Pa. about 15 m. NNE. from Easton. 

LOWHILL, t. Lehigh co. Pa. 

LOWRY'S MILLS, v. Chesterfield district, 
S. C. 123 m. NE. from Columbia. 

LOWTHERSVILLE, v. of Lewis co. Va, 
365 m. NW. from Richmond. 

LOWVILLE, v. of Lewis co. N. Y. on a 
small creek, near the W side of Black river, 
57 m. N. from Utiea, 



820 



LOY— LYN 



LOYALHANNON, r. Westmoreland co. 
Pa. which runs NW. into the Kiskiminitas. 

LOYAL LOCK GAP, v. Northumberland 
co. Pa* 

LOYALSOCK, t. Lycoming co. Pa. 

LOYALSOCK, r. Lycoming co. Pa. rises 
on the southern borders of Bradford co. and 
flowing SW. between Muncy and Lycoming 
creeks, falls into the W. branch of Susquehan- 
nah, 4 m. below Williamsport. 

LOYSBOROUGH, v. Anderson co Ten. 

LUANA, Point, cape on the S. coast of 
Jamaica. Lon. 77° 51' W. ; lat. 18° 2' N. 

LUBEC, t. and port of entry, Washington 
co. Me. in Passamaquoddy Bay, on the main 
land, which is here separated from the island 
of Campobello by a strait 12 rods wide, called 
the Narrows or Western entrance of the Bay. 
The harbor is spacious, sheltered from every 
wind, and never closed by ice. The principal 
settlement is at Flagg's Point on the Narrows. 
It was commenced in 1815, and is a flourish- 
ing village. The inhabitants are chiefly en- 
gaged in commercial pursuits, particularly in 
the lumber trade and the fisheries. Most of 
the plaster received into the United States 
from the British provinces is shipped through 
this port. Here is kept the custom-house for 
the district of Passamaquoddy. On West 
Quoddy head is a light-house. Lubec lies 3 
m. S. of Eastport, with which it has communi- 
cation by a ferry, 28 m. E. of Machias. Pop. 
1,535. Lat. 44° 47' ; N. lon. 67° 5' W. 

LUCEA HARBOR, bay on the N. side of 
Jamaica, 14 m. W. from Montego Bay. Lon. 
78° 9' W. ; lat. 18° 28' N. 

LUCKETT'S, v. Orange co. Va. 

LUDLOW, t. Windsor co. Vt. 16 m. W. 
from Windsor. Pop. 1,227. 

LUDLOW, t. Hampden co. Mass. 12 m. NE. 
from Springfield. Pop. 1,327. 

LUDLOW, or Yellow Springs, t. Greene 
co. Ohio, 9 m. N. from Xenia. It is a beauti- 
ful spot, and is much frequented on account of 
its medicinal springs. 

LUDLOW VILLE, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. 

LUIS DE LA PAZ, St. a town of Mexico, 
in the province of Mechoacan, 120 m. S. by E. 
from Mechoacan. 

LUIS DE POTOSI, St. a city of Mexico, in 
the province of Mechoacan, situate in the midst 
of rich gold mines, and all the comforts of life. 
The streets are neat and straight, and the 
churches magnificent. It is 180 m. N. by W. 
of Mechoacan. Lon. 102° 54' W.; lat. 22' 
25' N. 

LUMBELRAND, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. on 
Delaware river. Pop. 955. 

LUMBERTON, t. and cap. Robeson co, 
N. C. 33 m. SSW. from Fayetteville, 31 from 
Winnefield. 

LUMBERTON, v. Burlington co. N. J. 1 
m. SE. of Mount Holly. 

LUNA, Punta de, cape, on the N. coast of 
Cuba. Lon. 75° 8' W. ; lat. 21° 12' N. 

LUNENBURG, co. Va. between Nottaway 
and Meherrin rivers, bounded by Brunswick 
SE. Mecklenburg SW. Charlotte W. Prince 
Edward NW. and Nottaway NE. Length 22 



m. mean width 10. Staples, cotton and to- 
bacco. Chief town, Lewistown. Pop. 11,957. 

LUNENBURG, co. Nova Scotia, on Ma- 
hone Bay, which sets up from the Atlantic. 

LUNENBURG, t. Lunenburg co. Nova 
Scotia, 35 m. SW. from Halifax, 27 N. by E. 
from Liverpool. 

LUNENBURG, t. Essex co. Vt. on Connec- 
ticut river, 45 m. ENE. from Montpelier. Pop 
1,054. 

LUNENBURG, t. Worcester co. Mass. 25 
m. N. from Worcester, 45 NW. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,318. 

LURAY, v, Shenandoah co. Va. 

LUZERNE, t. Warren co. N. Y. on Hud- 
son river, 10 m. W. from Sandy Hill. Pop. 
1,362. 

LUZERNE, co. Pa. bounded SE oy Pike 
and Northampton, S. by Schuylkill, SW. by 
Columbia, W. by Lycoming, NW. by Brad- 
ford, N. by Susquehannah and E. by Wayne. 
Length 45 m. breadth 40. Pop. 27,304. Chief 
town, Wilkesbarre. 

LYCOMING, co. Pa. inclosed by the coun- 
ties of Potter, Tioga, Bradford, Luzerne, North- 
umberland, Centre, Clearfield, and M'Kean. 
Pop. 17,637. Chief town, Williamsport. 

LYCOMING, small river of Lycoming co. 
Pa. rising in the southern border of Bradford, 
leading with the Towanda, and flowing SW. 
falls into the W. branch, 2 m. above Williams- 
port. 

LYMAN, t. York co. Me. 25. m. N. from 
York. Pop. 1,502. 

LYMAN, t. Grafton co. N. H. on Connecti- 
cut river, 13 rn. above Haverhill. Pop. 1,321. 

LYME, t. Grafton co. N. H. 11 m. NE. 
from Dartmouth College. Pop. 1,804. 

LYME, t. New London co. Ct. on the EL 
side of Connecticut river, at its mouth, oppo- 
site Saybrook, 40 m. E. from New Haven, 40 
SE. from Hartford. Pop. 4,098. It has 6 
houses of public worship. The shad fishery 
is carried on extensively at this place. A 
number of vessels are owned here, which are 
employed in the coasting trade. 

LYME, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on lake On- 
tario. Pop. 2,872. 

LYME, t. Huron co. Ohio. 

LYME RANGE, a branch of the White 
Mountains, commencing a little below North- 
ampton, Mass. and running S. along the E. 
bank of Connecticut river at the distance of 8 
or 10 m. till it terminates at Lyme on Long 
Island Sound. 

LYNCHBURG, t. and cap. Campbell co. Va 
on the S. bank of James river, 20 m below the 
great falls, where the river breaks through the 
Blue Ridge, 12 m. N. from Campbell C. H. 12 
ENE. from New London, 100 W. from Rich- 
mond, 160 SW. from W. in a straight line. 
It contains 10 or 12 public buildings, 4 church- 
es, and a number of very handsome houses. 
It has two bridges over the river, a large 
number of tobacco ware-houses and manufac 
tories, and a great number of commission 
houses, flour-mills, and cotton and woollen 
manufactories. There are 4 mineral springs 
in its vicinity. It is favorably situated for 



LYN— MAC 



321 



trade, not only with the western part of the 
state, but with the western states generally. 
Small boats convey the abundant produce 
which is brought here, down the river to Rich- 
mond. The most important item in the pro- 
duce is from 10 to 12,000 hogsheads of tobac- 
co. It is almost embosomed in mountains, 
that have, however, fertile and populous val- 
leys between, and is one of the most flourish- 
ing and commercial towns in the state. Be- 
side tobacco, it produces wheat, flour, and 
hemp. Pop. 4,626. Lat. 37° 30' N. 

LYNCHBURG, v. Oldham co Ken. 54 m. 
NW. by W. from Frankfort. 

LYNCHBURG, v. Lincoln co. Ten. 50 m. 
3SW. from Murfreesborough. 

LYNCH'S CREEK, rises in N. C. a few 
miles W. of Sneadsborough, and flowing S. 
enters S. C. and assuming a SE. course, falls 
into the Great Pedee. The entire length of 
Lynch's creek exceeds 100 m 

LYNCH'S RIVER, r. Va. which runs into 
Fames river, Ion. 78° 21' W. ; lat. 37° 42' N. 

LYNCH LAKE, Williamsburg district, 
3. C. 

LYNDEBOROUGH, t. Hillsborough co. 
«T. H. 1.0 m. NW. from Amherst. Pop. 1,147. 

LYNDON, t. Caledonia co. Va. 33 m. NE. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 1,822. 

LYNESVILLE, v. Granville co. N. C. 60 
m. N. from Raleigh. 

LYNKHORN BAY, bay on the coast of 
Va. at the bottom of Chesapeake Bay, 2 or 3 
m. W. from Cape Henry. Lon. 76° & W. ; 
lat. 36° 56' N. 

LYNN, t. Essex co. Mass. famous for the 
manufacture of women's shoes, 10 m. NE. of 
Boston, and 5 SW. of Salem, in lat. 42° 28' N. 
In 1831, 1,675,781 pairs of shoes were manu- 
factured in this town, valued at $942,191 — 
value of materials $414,000, neat profit of labor 
$528,191. Pop. 6,138. 

LYNN CREEK, v. Giles co. Ten. about 70 
m. S. from Murfreesborough. 

LYNNFIELD, t. Essex co. Mass, 10 m 
W. from Salem, and UN. from Boston. Pop. 
€17. 

LYNNHAVEN BAY, on the coast of Va. 
at the S. end of Chesapeake Bay, 7 m. W. from 
Cape Henry. Here, in 1781, the Count de 
Grasse moored the principal part of his fleet 
at the blockade of Yorktown. 

LYNN RIVER, in the co. of Norfolk, U.C. 
rises in the town of Windham, and running 
from thence southerly through the township 
of Woodhouse, empties itself into Lake Erie, 
where it has about 3 feet water on the bar. It 
is a good harbor for bateaux. 

LYNNSVILLE, v. in the western part of 
Lehigh co. Pa. 80 m. NE. by E. from Harris- 
burg. 

LYONS, t. and seat of justice, Wayne co. 
N. Y. 16 m. N. from Geneva, 20 NE. from 
Canandnigua, and by the canal 117 m. W. 
from Utica. Lat. 43° 5' N. Lyons is ele- 
gantly situated on the grand western canal of 
N. York, and rapidly improving. Pop. 3,603. 

LYON'S CREEK, in the co. of Lincoln, 
U. C. discharges itself into Chippewa river, in 
2Q 



the town of Willoughby, not far above the 

mouth of that river. 

LYSANDER, t. Onondaga co. N Y. at the 
confluence of the Onondaga or Oswego and 
Seneca rivers, 20 m, NW. from Onondaga. 
Pop. 3,228. 

M. 

MACARAGUA, t. Cuba, 45 m. W. from 
Havana. 

MACARTNEY, Point, cape of a large id. 
on the NW. coast of America. Lon. 226° 12' 
E.; lat. 57° Itf N. 

MACCARY BAY, S. coast of Jamaica. 
Lon. 77° 9' W. ; lat. 17° 49' N. 

MAC CALL'S BRIDGE, v. York. co. Pa. 

MAC CAWN'S STORE, v. Hawkins co. 
Tennessee • 

MAC CONNELSBURG, t. Bedford co. Pa. 
26 m. from Hagarstown. Here is a medicinal 
spring. 

MAC CONNELSVILLE, t. and cap. Mor- 
gan co. Ohio, on the Muskingum, 25 m. SE. 
from Zanesville, 340 from W. Pop. 267. 

MAC CULLEY'S STORE, v. Chester co. 
S. Carolina. 

MAC CULLOCH'S MILLS, v. Albemarle 
co. Virginia. 

MAC CULLOCHSVILLE, v. Union co. S. 
Carolina. 

MAC CUTCHENSVILLE, v. Pickaway 
co. Ohio. 

MACDANIELSVILLE, v. Spartan district, 
S. Carolina. 

MACDONOUGH, t. Chenango co. N Y 
Pop. 1,232. 

MACEDON, SW. t. and v. Wayne co. N. Y 
The t. lies along both sides of the Western 
Canal, 12 m. W. from Lyons. Pop. 1,990. 

MAC FARLAND'S, v. Lunenburg co. Va. 
about 60 m. SW. from Richmond. 

MAC GAHEY'S, v. Rockingham co. Va. 
139 m. NW. from Richmond. 

MAC GREWSBURG, v. Adams co. Pa. 32 
m. SE. from Harrisburg. 

MACHIAS, t. port of entry and cap. Wash- 
ington co. Me. on Machias Bay, 221 m. NE. 
from Portland. Lat. 44° 40' N. Pop. 1,754. 
The principal settlement is at the falls of E. 
branch of Machias river. At the falls of the 
W. branch of the river, is another considera- 
ble village. A bridge is erected across Middle 
river between the two villages, which, with the 
causeway, is 1,900 feet long. Machias con- 
tains a court-house and jail, 2 Congregational 
churches, and an academy. The academy, 
called Washington Academy, is in the E. vil- 
lage. The building, which is 50 feet by 38, 
and 2 stories high, was presented by the in- 
habitants of the village, together with a library 
and philosophical apparatus valued at $1,500. 
In addition, the academy is endowed with 
$14,000 productive funds. Machias is a thri- 
ving town, and carries on considerable trade, 
principally in lumber. Here are 26 saw- mills, 
which cut on an average upwards of 10,000,000 
feet of boards in a year. 

MACHIAS, r. Me. formed of 2 branches, 
the E. and W. which unite in the town of Ma 



322 



MAC— MAD 



chias, at a place called The Rim. It after- 
wards widens into a considerable bay, and 
communicates with the ocean at Cross island, 
6 m. below the junction of the 2 branches. 

MACHODICK, r. Va. which runs into the 
Potomac, 22 m. above Point Lookout. 

MAC KEAN, co. N. side of Pa. bounded N. 
by New York, E. by Potter co. S. by Clearfield 
and Jefferson cos. W. by Jefferson and Warren 
cos. Pop. 1,439. Chief town, Smithport. 

MAC KEANSBURG, v. Schuylkill co. Pa. 
4 m. NE. from Orwigsburg. 

MAC KEEN, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 743. 

MAC KEESPORT, v. Alleghany co. Pa. on 
the right banks of Youghiogeny and Monon 
gahela rivers, at their junction, 11 m. SE. 
from Pittsburg. 

MACKENZIE, Point, cape, on the NW 
coast of America, in Cook's Inlet. Lat. 61° 
13' N. 

m MACKENZIE'S RIVER, one of the largest 
rivers in N. America. It forms the outlet of 
Slave Lake, and falls into the Frozen Ocean, in 
about lat. 70° N. and Ion. 135° W. Its most 
distant sources are Unjigah or Peace river, and 
Athapescow or Elk river. Its whole course 
is about 2,000 miles. 

MACKEY'S VILLE, v. Burke co. N. C. 

MACKINTOSH, co. Geo. on the coast at 
the mouth of the Alatamaha. Pop. 4,998, of 
whom 3,903 are colored. Chief town, Darien. 
At the court-house, 12 m. N. from Darien, is 
a post-office. 

> MAC LEOD'S LAKE, lake, New Caledo 
nia, 60 or 70 m. in circumference, which dis- 
charges its waters through an outlet into Peace 
river. On its banks is a fort of the NW. Fur 
company, in Ion. 124° W. ; lat. 55' N. 

MAC LEOMSBOROUGH, v. Hamilton co. 
II. 60 m. NE. from Vandalia. 

MAC LINTON, v. Abbeville district, S.C. 

MAC MAHON'S CREEK, r. Ohio, which 
runs into the Ohio, 5 m. below Wheeling. 

MAC MINN, co. Ten. bounded SE. by 
Monroe, SW. by Hiwassee river, NW. by 
Rhea, and NE. by Roane and Blount. Length 
30 m. mean width 20. Surface hilly, and soil 
varied. Pop. in 1820, 1,623 ; in 1830, 14,497. 
Chief town, Athens. 

MAC MINVILLE, t. and seat of justice 
Warren co. Ten. 70 m. SE. from Nashville, 
644 from W. 

MACOKETCH, Great, r. Louisiana, which 
runs into the Mississippi. Lat. 41° 38' N. 

MACOMB, co. Michigan Territory, on the 
river Huron of St. Clair. Pop. 2,414. Chief 
town, Mount Clemens. 

MACON, t. and cap. Bibb co. Geo. on the 
Oakmulgee river, 35 m. WSW- from Milledge- 
ville. It is a place of considerable trade, and 
has a bank and a printing-office. 

MACON, r. NE. part of La. It rises in 
Missouri, and pursuing a S. course unites with 
the Tensaw. Lat. 31° 42' N. 

MACONSVILLE, v. Northampton co.N.C. 

MACVEYTOWN, v. Mifflin co. Pa. 

MADBURY, t. Strafford co. N. H. 11 m. 
NW. from Portsmouth, 36 from Concord. 
Pop. 510. 



MADDINSBOROUGH, t. Miso. 15 m. & 

from St. Genevieve. 

MADISON, co. N. Y. bounded by Onon- 
dago W. Oneida Lake NW. Oneida co. NE. 
Otsego SE. and Chenango S. Length 28 m, 
mean width 20. It lies in an elevated position, 
and several streams which rise in it, flow in 
different directions, as the Chenango and Una- 
dilla rivers, which run S. into the Susquehan- 
nah, and the Chittenango, Oneida, and Cane- 
serago creeks, which enter Oneida Lake ; and 
some creeks which flow into the Mohawk 
The surface is broken, but the soil is produc- 
tive. Pop. 39,037. Chief town, Cazenovia. 

MADISON, t. Somerset co. Maine, on the 
Kennebeck river, 10 m. above Norridgewock. 
Pop. 1,272. 

MADISON, t. Madison co. N. Y. on the 
heads of Chenango river and Oriskany creek, 
22 m. SW. from Utica. Pop. 2,544. 

MADISON, t. Columbia co. Pa. between 
Greenwood and Derry, 5 m. N. from Danville. 

MADISON, co. Va. bounded SE. S. and 
SW. by Orange co. or the Rapid Ann river, 
NW. by the Blue Ridge, or Shenandoah co. 
and NE. and E. by Culpeper. It is about 28 
m. square ; drained by various creeks of the 
Rapid Ann ; the surface somewhat hilly, and 
soil tolerably good. Staples, flour and tobacco. 
Pop. in 1820, 8,490; in 1830, 9,236; Chief 
town, Madison. 

MADISON, v. Madison co. Va. on Robert- 
son's river, branch of Rapid Ann, 45 m. W. 
from Fredericksburg. 

MADISON, v. Amherst co. Va. on the left 
bank of James river, opposite Lynchburg. 

MADISON, co. Geo. on Broad river, bound- 
ed S. by Oglethorpe, SW. by Clark, W. by 
Jackson, NW. and N. by Franklin, and NE. 
by Elbert. Length 30 m. mean width 10. 
Surface uneven, but soil productive. Pop. 4,626. 
Chief town, Danielsville. 

MADISON, t. and seat of justice, Morgan 
co. Geo. 50 m. NNW. from Milledgeville, 648 
m. from W. 

MADISON, co. Ohio, bounded on the N. by 
Union, E. by Franklin, S. by Fayette, and W. 
by Clark and Champaign cos. It is about 28 
m. long, from N. to S. by 19 broad, from E. to 
W. This county contains extensive bodies of 
fine land, well adapted to agriculture and gra- 
zing. Pop. in 1820, 4,799; in 1830, 6,190. 
Chief town, London. 

MADISON, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,280. 

MADISON, t. Muskingum co.Ohio, E. from 
Muskingum river, and containing the village 
of Haymarket. Pop. 589. 

MADISON, t. in the NE. part of Highland 
co. Pop. 1,609. 

MADISON, t. NE. part of Geauga co. Ohio. 
Grand river runs through this t. Pop. 1,898. 

MADISON, t. Richland co. Ohio, in which 
is situated the village of Mansfield. Pop. 2,138. 

MADISON, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 743. 

MADISON, SE. t. Franklin co. Ohio. Pop 
1,745. 

MADISON, NE. t. Pickaway co. Ohio 
Pop. 976. 



MAD— MAL 



323 



MADISON, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 942. 
MADISON, t. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 438. 
MADISON NE. t. Scioto co. Ohio. Pop. 
837. 

MADISON, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 904. 
MADISON, SE. t Clark co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,163. 

MADISON, t. Fayette co. Ohio. Pop. 1,478. 

MADISON, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, W. 
from Miami river, and adjoining to the co. of 
Preble. Pop. 1,246. 

MADISON, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, 123 m. 
SW. from Columbus. Pop. 284. 

MADISON, t. Butler co. Pop. 2,128. 

MADISON, NE. t Perry co. Pop. 1,058. 

MADISON, v. and seat of justice, Jefferson 
co. In. on the Ohio river, 75 m. above Louis- 
ville, 75 below Cincinnati, and 576 from W. 
Pop. about 2,500. It has already one print- 
ing-office and a bank. 

MADISON, co. in W. Ten. bounded on the 
N. by Gibson and Carroll, E. by Henderson, 
S. by M'Nairy and Hardiman, W. by Hay- 
wood. Pop. 11,750. Jackson is the capital. 

MADISON, co. Alabama, on the N. side of 
Tennessee river. Pop. 28,011. Chief town, 
Huntsville. 

MADISON, t. Rhea co. Ten. 

MADISON, co. Ken. Chief town, Rich- 
mond. 

MADISON, or Pikeville, t. and cap. Bledsoe 
co. Tennessee, on the Sequatchee, 35 m. above 
its junction with the Tennessee, 100 W. from 
Knoxville, 105 E. from Nashville, 608 from W. 

MADISON, co. Illinois, on the Mississippi, 
opposite the mouth of the Missouri. Pop. 6,229. 
Chief town, Edwardsville. 

MADISON, v. Madison co. Illinois. 

MADISON, co. Missouri, on the St. Fran- 
cis. Pop. 2,371. Chief town, Fredericktown. 

MADISON, r. Missouri, one of the forks 
of the river Missouri. 

MADISON VILLE, t. St. Tammany co. La. 
on Lake Ponchartrain, at the mouth of the 
Chefuncti, 27 m. N. from New Orleans, and 
127 N. from Natchez. 

MADISONVILLE, t. and cap. Hopkins co. 
Ken. 738 m. from W. Pop. 112. 

MADRID, t St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the 
St. Lawrence, 250 m. NW. from Albany. Pop. 
3,459. Here is an academy at a village called 
Hamilton. 

MADRID, New, district, Miso. Pop. 2,351. 
Chief town, Winchester. 

MADRID, New, t. New Madrid district, 
Miso. on W. side of the river Mississippi, 75 
m. below the mouth of the Ohio, 148 S. from 
St. Louis. Lon. 89° 30' W. ; lat. 36° 36' N. 
This town was originally laid out on an exten- 
sive plan, and with the expectation of its be- 
coming a great city. It is built on ground 
somewhat higher than the ordinary bank of 
the Mississippi, but is, however, exposed to the 
ravages of the river, and is also environed both 
above and below with stagnant muddy creeks. 
It is not in a flourishing state at present, 
though the country around is good. 

MAD RIVER, r. N. H. which runs SW. 
into the Merrimack, in Campton. 



MAD RIVER, t. Champaign co. Ohio. 
Pop. 1,731. 

MAD RIVER, r. Ohio, runs SW. into the 
Great Miami, at Dayton. Length 55 m. 
MAD RIVER, t. Clark co. Ohio. 
MAGAUGUADAVICK, r.New Brunswick, 
which runs into Passamaquoddy Bay, opposite 
St. Andrews. It has falls at the head of tide 
waters, 6 m. from its mouth, and another 9 m. 
farther up the river, at both of which saw-mills 
are erected, and immense quantities of pine 
and other lumber yearly manufactured. At 
the lower falls is a settlement containing two 
churches and about 700 inhabitants. There is 
also a small settlement at the upper falls. 

MAGAZINE MOUNTAIN, Arkansas ter. 
on the S. side of Arkansas river, 10 m. above 
the junction of the Petit John. It is 1,000 or 
1£00 feet high. 

MAGDALEN RIVER, r. L/C. which runs 
into the river St. Lawrence, in lon. 65° 5' W. ; 
lat. 49° 12' N. 

MAGDALEN A, r. Mexico, in Texas, which 
runs into the sea, between the rivers Flores 
and Mexicano. 

MAGDALENE ISLANDS, cluster of isls. 
7 in number, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 42 
m. NW. from the island of Cape Breton. Lon. 
61° 40' W. ; lat. 47° 13' to 47° 42' N. 

MAGPIE RIVER, r. Canada, which runs 
into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 6 m. W. from 
the St. John. 

MAHANOY MOUNTAINS, are one ridge 
between Mahanoy and Catawissa rivers ; and 
another between Mahanoy river and Shamokin 

MAHANTANGO, r. Pa. runs W. into the 
Susquehannah, 18 m. below Sunbury ; another 
which runs E. into the Susquehannah, 2 m. 
above the former. 

MAHONING, r. Venango co. Pa. runs W. 
into the Alleghany, 5 m. SE. from Franklin. 

MAHONING, r. rises in Ohio, and passing 
into Pennsylvania, joins the Ohio river. 

MAHONY, r. Pa. which runs W. into the 
Susquehannah, 10 m. S. from Sunbury. 
MAHONY, mt. Pa. N. of the Mahony r. 
MAIDEN CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into 
the Schuylkill, 7 m. N. from Reading. 

MAIDSTONE, t. Essex co. U. C. on the S. 
side of Lake St. Clair. 

MAIDSTONE, t. Essex co. Vt. on Connec 
ticut r. 53 m. NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 236 
MAILLARD, bold promontory, in L. C. on 
the N. coast of the St. Lawrence, 22 m. below 
the island of Orleans. 

MAINE, one of the U. S. See page 45. 
MAISY, Cape, the E. extremity of the island 
of Cuba. Lon. 74° 4' 15" W. ; lat. 20° 20' N. 

MALABAR, cape, on SE. extremity of Mass. 
Lon. 69° 55' W. ; lat. 41° 34' N. 

MALAGA, v. Gloucester co. N. J, 30 m. S 
from Philadelphia. 

MALAGA, v. Monroe co. Ohio, 147 m. SE. 
by E. from Columbus. 

MALBAY, r. L. C. which falls into the St. 
Lawrence from the N. nearly opposite to the 
Camarouska islands, 90 m. below Quebec. 
MALDEN, Fort, now in ruins, was situated 



324 



MAL— MAN 



on the river Detroit, Essex co. U. C. opposite 
Isle au Bois Blanc. 

MAL I) EX, t. in the co. of Essex, U. C. is 
situated at the mouth of Detroit river, on the 
E. side of the strait, having Colchester to the 
E. and Huron to the N. and including the vil- 
lage of Amherstburg. 

MALDEN, t. Middlesex co. Mass. situated 
between Medford and Lynn, 5 m. NE. from 
Boston. It is united to Charlestown by Mys- 
tic bridge. Pop. 2,010. 

MALLOYSVILLE, v. Wilkes co. Geo. 82 
m. NE. from Milledgeville. 

M ALONE, t. and cap. Franklin co. N. Y. 
42 m. W. from Plattsburg, 220 N. from Alba- 
ny, 523 from W. Pop. 2,207. The village 
stands on Salmon river. 

MALTA, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. the princi- 
pal village, 7 m. W. from Saratoga, and 5 m. 
SE. from Ballston Spa. Pop. 1,517. 

MAMARONECK, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 
on Long Island Sound, 23 m. NE. from New 
York. Pop. 838. Its harbor admits vessels 
of 100 tons. 

MAMELLE, mountains, Arkansas Ter. on 
the S. side of Arkansas river, below the junc- 
tion of the Poteau. They are estimated to 
exceed 1,000 feet in height, and are supposed 
to be connected with the Mazern mountains. 

MAMMOTH CAVE, Ken. See page 130. 

MAMOKATING, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. con- 
taining the village of Bloomingburg, 23 m. W. 
from Newburgh. Pop. 3,062. 

MANASQUAN, r. N. J. runs into the At- 
lantic. Lon. 74° 8' W. ; lat. 40° 8' N. 

MANATAWNY CREEK, r. Montgomery 
co. Pa. runs into the Schuylkill, at Pottsgrove. 

MANATOULIN ISLANDS, U. C. extend- 
ing from the W. side of Lake Huron in an E. 
direction 160 m. Many of them are from 20 
to 30 m. long. 

MANAYUNK, v. Philadelphia co. Pa. It 
stands on the E. bank of the Schuylkill. 

MANBY POINT, cape, on the NW. coast 
of America, forming the W. point at the en- 
trance of Behring's Bay. Lon. 219° 17' E. ; 
lat. 59° 47' N. 

MANCENILLA, bay, on the N. side of St. 
.Domingo. Lon. 71° 50 7 W. ; lat. 19° 50' N. 

MANCHAC, a pass or channel, forming a 
communication between Lakes Maurepas and 
Ponchartrain, about 6 m. long. 

MANCHAC, t. Louisiana, on the E. bank 
of the Mississippi, 20 m. below Baton Rouge. 

MANCHAC BAYOU. See Iberville. 

MANCHESTER, t. Bennington co. Vt. 22 
m, N. of Bennington, and 44 NE. of Troy in 
N York. Pop. 1,525. 

MANCHESTER, t. Essex co. Mass. a few 
miles NE. of Beverly. Pop. 1,238. 

MANCHESTER, t. Niagara co. N. Y. at 
the cataract of Niagara. A bridge now con- 
nects this place with Goat Island. 

MANCHESTER, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 8 m. 
SW. by W. from Utica. 

MANCHESTER, v. Baltimore co. Md. on 
the road from Baltimore to Carlisle, 33 m. 
from the former, and 42 from the latter. 



MANCHESTER, t. Ontario Co. N. Y. 10 
m. N. from Canandaigua, on the road to the 
Sulphur Springs, and on Canandaigua outlet. 
Pop. 2,811. 

MANCHESTER, v. Chesterfield co. Va. on 
the S. side of James river, opposite Richmond, 
and 33 m. NW. of Williamsburg. 

MANCHESTER, v. Sumpter district, S. C. 
on Wateree river, about 5 m. above the mouth 
of Congarce. 

MANCHESTER, v. and seat of justice, 
Clay co. Ken. about 120 m. SE. from Frank- 
fort, 558 m. from W. Pop. 159. 

MANCHESTER, v. pleasantly situated on 
the bank of the Ohio, in Adams co. Ohio, 100 
m. S. by W. from Columbus, and 73 in the 
same direction from Chillicothe. 

MANCHESTER, t. Morgan co. Ohio. Pop. 
831. 

MANCHESTER, v. Dearborn co. In. 94 
m. SE. from Indianapolis. 

MANCHESTER, v. St. Louis co. Miso. 17 
m. from St. Louis. 

MANCHESTER, t. Hillsborough co. N. H 
on the E. bank of the Merrimack, 16 m. S. 
from Concord, 42 W. from Portsmouth. Pop. 
877. 

MANCHESTER HOUSE, one of the Hud- 
son Bay Company's factories, N. America, on 
the Saskatchawine, 100 m. W. from Hudson's 
House, 75 SE. from Buckingham House. Lon. 
109° 20' W. ; lat. 53° 14' 18" N. 

MANCHESTER VILLAGE, v. on the 
Oriskany creek, where crossed by the great 
western road, Oneida co. N. Y. 9 m. a little S. 
of W. from Utica. 

MANDAN, Indian village, on Missouri 
river, 1,600 m. from the Mississippi. Lon. 
100° 50' W. ; lat 47° 20' N. Here Lewis and 
Clark encamped during the winter of 1804-5, 
on their voyage up the Missouri. 

MANHEIM, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. on the 
E. side of Mohawk river, above the mouth of 
East Canada creek. Pop. 1,937. 

MANHEIM, t. York co. Pa. It is situated 
in the SW. corner of the co. adjoining Md. 
Chief town, Hanover. 

MANHEIM, v. Lancaster co. Pa. on the W. 
side of Conestoga creek, between Moravia 
and Little Conestoga creeks, immediately N. 
from the city of Lancaster. 

MANICOUGAN, river of L. C. rises in the 
recesses of Labrador, flows into and again out 
of Manicougan Lake, and assuming a course 
of SSW. enters St. Lawrence river, nearly 
opposite the paps of Matane, 200 m. below 
Quebec. 

MANIEL, mt. of St. Domingo, 20 m. in cir- 
cumference, and so high and craggy, that it is 
almost inaccessible. 

MANLIUS, t. Onondago co. N. Y. between 
the Salt Lake and Lake Oneida, 42 m. W. of 
Whitestown, on Mohawk river. Pop. 7,375 

MANLIUS CENTRE, or Manlius Square, 
a very prosperous v. on the great western road, 
in Onondago co. N. Y. 34 m. NE. by E. from 
Auburn. 

MANNAHAWKIN, v. Monmouth co. N. J. 



MAN — MAR 



325 



upon the Atlantic coast, containing about 30 
dwelling-houses, and a Baptist and Methodist 
meeting-house. It lies 8 m. from Tuckerton. 

MANNSVILLE, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. 148 
in. NW. from Albany. 

MANSFIELD, t Chittenden co. Vt. 20 m. 
N. from Burlington. Pop. 279. Mansfield 
Mountain, one of the loftiest of the Green 
Mountains, lies chiefly in this town. 

MANSFIELD, t. Bristol co. Mass. 12 m. N. 
from Taunton, 30 SSW. from Boston. Pop. 
1,172. 

MANSFIELD, t. Holland co. Ct. 25 m. E. 
from Hartford. This town is celebrated for 
the culture of silk. It contains two cotton 
factories and five houses of public worship. 
Pop. 2,661. 

MANSFIELD, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the 
Musconecunk, 7 m. SE. from Oxibrd. 

MANSFIELD, v. Tioga co. N . Y. 

MANSFIELD, t. Burlington co. N. J. It 
is 8 m. NE. from Burlington. P.p. 2,083. 

MANSFIELD, v. Warren co. N. J. on the 
Musconecunk river, 10 m. SE. from Oxford. 
Pop. 3,303. 

MANSFIELD, t. and seat of justice, for 
Richland co. Ohio, containing 840 inhabitants. 
It stands 73 m. NE. from Columbus, and 380 
from W. 

MANSFIELD, v. Amelia co. Va. 20 m by 
land above Petersburg. 

MANSFIELD CENTRE, v. Windham co. 
Ct. 35 Hi. NE. from Hartford. 

MANSFIELD ISLAND, island in Hud- 
son's Bay. Lon. 80° 40' W. ; lat. 62° 5' N. 

MANTUA, t. Portage co. Ohio, on Cuya- 
hoga river, 10 m. N. from Ravenna. Pop. 949. 

MANUEL'S FORT, Missouri Territory, 
on the Yellow-stone. Lon. 106° 30' W. ; lat. 
46° N. 

MARATHON, now Moulton, t. and seat of 
justice, Lawrence co. Al. on the left bank of 
Tennessee river, 35 m. W. from Huntsville, 
779 from W. 

MARBLEHEAD, t. Essex co. Mass. 4 m. 
SE. from Salem, 16 NE. from Boston. Lat. 
42° 32' N. ; lon. 70 3 50' W. It contains a 
bank, a custom-house, and 5 houses for public 
worship, 2 for Congregationalists, 1 for Epis- 
copalians, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Baptists. 
The harbor lies in front of the town, and ex- 
tends from SW. to NE. about a mile and a 
half in length, and is half a mile broad. It is 
convenient, and well defended by Fort Sewall. 
The inhabitants of this town are more exten- 
sively engaged in the bank fisheries than any 
other in the U. S. Pop. 5,150. 

MARBLETOWN, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 10 m. 
W. from Kingston. Pop. 3,223. 

MARCELLUS, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. on 
Skeneateles Lake, 10 m. W. from Onondaga, 
60 W. from Utica. Pop. 2,626. In this town 
is the village of Skeneateles. 

MARCUS HOOK, v. Delaware co. Pa. on 
the Delaware, 20 m. below Philadelphia. 

MARENGO, v. Seneca co. N. Y. 

MARENGO, co. Al. bounded W. by Tom- 
bigbee and Black Warrior rivers, N. by Tusca- 
loosa co. E. and SE. by Dallas, and S. by 



Clarke. Length 60 m. mean width 20. Sur- 
face hilly, and soil of a poor quality, except 
near the streams. Plenty of good pine timber 
grows here. The valleys produce cotton, 
which is the principal article of trade. Chief 
town, EagleviUe. Pop. in 1&20, 3,S33; in 
1830, 7,742. 

MARGALLAWAY, r. which rises in the 
mountains which separate Canada from Maine, 
runs southerly, partly in Maine and partly in 
N. Hampshire, and flows into Umbagog Lake. 
This is the head branch of the Androscog- 
gin. 

MARGARETTA, t. Huron co. Ohio. 

MARGARETTA'S CREEK, Ohio, runs 
into the Hockhockinsr, opposite Athens. 

MARGARETTSV1LLE, v. Washington co. 
Md. 10 m. S. by E. from Elizabethtown. 

MARGOT, r. Mississippi, which runs into 
the Mississippi, lat. 35° 28' N. The ground 
below its junction with the Mississippi is ele- 
vated and pleasant, and the soil remarkably 
fertile. 

MARGUERITE, r. N. America, which runs 
into Lake Michigan, lon. 85° 34' W. ; lat. 44° 
2'N. 

MARIA, r. N. America, which rises in the 
Rocky Mountains and runs into the Missouri, 
54 m. below the Great Falls. 

MARIANNE ISLANDS, 3 small islands 
in Lake Borgne, Mississippi. 

MARIA'S RIVER, branch of Missouri, 
which rises in the Rocky Mountains, near lat. 
50° N. Its general course is SE. into the 
Missouri, which it joins about 50 m. below the 
Great Falls. 

MARIE, r. II. which runs into the Missis- 
sippi, between the Auvase and the Kaskaskias. 

MARIE, Cape Dame, the W. point of St. 
Domingo, which, with the Cape St. Nicholas, 
forms the entrance of the Bay of Leogane. 
Lon. 74° 26' W.; lat. 18° 38' N. It is 60 
leagues W. from Port au Prince. 

MARIETTA, bor. Lancaster co. Pa. on the 
E. side of the Susquehannah, 12 m. W. from 
Lancaster, 3 N. from Columbia. Pop. 6,058, 
including the township of Donegal. 

MARIETTA, t. and cap. Washington co, 
Ohio, on the W. bank of the Ohio river, im- 
mediately above the mouth of the Muskingum, 
178 m. below Pittsburg, 93 E. by N. from 
Chillicothe, 109 SE. from Columbus, 61 SE. 
from Zanesville. Lat. 39° 25' N. ; lon. 81° 30' 
W. 304 from W. It contains 2 churches, an 
academy, the public county buildings, two 
printing-offices, a bank, 20 stores, about 90 
houses, and the whole township 1,914 inhabit- 
ants. The people are noted for their industry 
and sobriety, and the politeness and urbanity 
of their manners. Ships were formerly built 
here ; but from some cause the business has 
been discontinued. The situation of the town 
is unfortunate ; parts of it being liable to an- 
nual inundation. Pop. 1,207. 

MARIEGALANTE, one of the leeward 
Caribbee islands, in the W. Indies, subject to 
the French, extending 16 m. from N. to S. and 
4 from E. to W. It is full of hills, and along 
the E. shore are lofty perpendicular rocks, that 



326 



MAR— MAR 



shelter vast numbers of tropical birds. It has 
several large caverns, with many little streams 
and ponds of fresh water. It is covered with 
trees, and particularly abounds with tobacco 
and the wild cinnamon-tree. It is 30 m. N. 
of Dominica, and 40 E. of Guadaloupe. Lcn. 
61° 11' W.; lat. 15° 52' N. 

MARION, co. Miss, bounded by Hancock 
co. in Miss. SE. Washington parish, in Lou. 
S. Pike co. W Coungton and Lawrence on 
the N Pop. 3,701. Chief town, Columbia. 

MARION, district, S.C. Pop. 11,208. Chief 
town, Gilesborough. 

MARION, co. Geo. Pop. 1,327, of whom 
109 are colored. 

MARION, t, and cap. Twiggs co. Geo. 

MARION, v. Marion co. Al. 

MARION, co. Ohio, bounded on the N. by 
Crawford, E. by Richland, S. by Delaware 
and Union cos. and on the W. by Hardin co. 
It is 33 m. long from E. to W. and 18 broad 
from N. to S. Pop. 6,558. Chief town, Ma- 
rion. 

MARION, v. and cap. Marion co. Ohio, on 
the road from Columbus to Perryville, 48 m. 
NW. from Columbus, and 416 from W. Pop. 
287. 

MARION, v. Cole co. Miso. 144 m. W. from 
St. Louis. 

MARION, C. H. Marion district, S. C. 124 
m. a little N. of E. from Columbia. 

MARION, co. Ten. bounded S. by Al. and 
Geo. W. and NW. by Franklin, N. by Bled- 
soe, and E. Dy Hamilton and the Cherokee 
lands ; length 32, mean width 18 m. Surface 
hilly, and in part mountainous. Tennessee 
river crosses its SE. angle. Chief town, Jas- 
per. Pop. in 1820, 3,888 ; in 1830, 5,516. 

MARION, co. Al. bounded W. by Monroe 
co. in Miss, and the Chickasaw lands, N. by 
Franklin co. in Al. NE. by Lawrence, and E. 
by Blount and Jefferson. Length, 50 m. mean 
width 30. Pop. 4,058. Chief town, Pikeville. 

MARION, co. In. Chief town, Indianapolis, 
the capital of the state. Pop. 7,181. 

MARKLES MILL, v. Vigo co. In. 

MARLBOROUGH, t. Greenville co. U. C. 

MARLBOROUGH, t. Middlesex co. U. C. 

MARLBOROUGH, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 5 
m. SE. from Keene. Pop. 822. 

MARLBOROUGH, t. Windham co. Vt. 44 
m. S. from Windsor. Pop. 1,218. 

MARLBOROUGH, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 
16 m. E. from Worcester, 27 W. from Boston. 
Pop. 2,074. 

MARLBOROUGH, t. Hartford co. Ct. 17 
m. SE. from Hartford. Pop. 704. 

MARLBOROUGH, t. Ulster co. N. Y. on 
the Hudson, 23 m. below Kingston. Pop. 
2,272. It has 2 houses of public worship, 1 
for Quakers, and 1 for Presbyterians. 

MARLBOROUGH, Lower, v. Calvert co. 
Md. on the Patuxent, 30 m. SW. from An- 
napolis. 

MARLBOROUGH, Upper, t. and cap. 
Prince George co. Md. on the Patuxent, 21 m. 
SW. from Annapolis. 

MARLBOROUGH, district, S. C. Pop. 
8,578. At the court-house is a post-office. 



MARLBOROUGH, t. in the northern bor 
ders of Delaware co. Ohio, which is situated 
in the village of Norton. Pop. 504. 

MARLBOROUGH, v. Marlborough dis 
trict, S. C. 94 m. NE. from Columbia. 

MARLBOROUGH, New, t. Berkshire co. 
Mass. 23 m. SSE. from Lenox, 118 WSW. 
from Boston. Pop. 1,656. A mineral spring 
has been discovered here. 

MARLEY'S STORE, v. Sampson co. N.C. 

MARLOW, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 33 m. W. 
from Concord. Pop. 645. 

MARQUESADO, Villa del, t. Mexico, 48 
leagues SE. from Mexico. Lon. 277° 10 W. ; 
lat. 18° 2' N. 

MARQUETTE, r. Michigan, which runs 
W. and falls into Lake Michigan. 

MARQUIS ISLANDS, cluster of small isl- 
ands in the Florida stream. Lon. 81° 30' W. ; 
lat. '24P 35' N. 

MARRATTICK, t. Halifax co. N. C. on 
the S. bank of the Roanoke, at the foot of the 
lower falls. It has a pleasant and advantageous 
situation. 

MARRS BLUFF, v. Liberty district, S. C 

MARSH ISLAND, isl. Maine, in the Pe- 
nobscot, 4 m. above Bangor, 

MARSHALL VILLE, v. Anson co. N. C. 

MARSHALLSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. 
Va. 

MARSHALLTON, v. Chester co. Va. 

MARSHFIELD, t. Washington co. Vt. 11 
m. ENE. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,271. 

MARSHFIELD, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 15 
m. NNW. from Plymouth, 30 SE. from Bos- 
ton. Pop. 1,563. 

MARSHPEE. See Mashpee. 

MARSHY-HOPE, r. Md. which rises in 
Delaware, and runs SW. into the Nanticoke, 
5 m. NE. from Vienna. 

MARTHA'S RIVER, r. N. America, which 
runs into the Missouri, 60 m. above the Yel- 
low-stone. 

MARTHASVILLE, t. St. Charles district, 
Missouri territory, 40 m. W. from St. Charles. 

MARTHASVILLE, v. Montgomery co. 
Miso. 66 m. W. from St. Louis. 

MARTHA'S VINEYARD, isl. Mass. 8 m. 
S. from Falmouth, 12 WSW. from Nantucket, 
19 m. long, and from 2 to 10 broad. Lon. 70° 
40' W. ; lat. 41° 40' N. The greatest part of 
the island is low and level land. In some parts 
the soil is fertile, but a great proportion is un- 
productive. The trees on the island are small, 
The principal manufactures are those of woo. 
and salt. The island contains 3 towns, Ed 
gartown, Tisbury, and Chilmark. 

MARTICVILLE, v. Lancaster co. Pa. 

MARTIN, Cape, promontory of Valencia, 
in Spain, which separates the Gulf of Valen- 
cia from that of Alicant. Lon. 0° 36' E. ; lat. 
38° 54' N. 

MARTIN, co. N. C. bounded by Beaufort 
SE. Pitt SW. Edgecombe W. Halifax NW. 
Roanoke river, or Bertie N. and Washington 
E. Length 35 m. mean width about 14- Chief 
town, Williamston. Pop. in 1820, 6,320 ; in 
1830, 6,320. 

MARTIN, co. In. bounded by Owen and 



MAR— MAT 



827 



Davies S. Sullivan and Vigo W. Wabash and 
Delaware NW. and Monroe and Lawrence E. 
Length 47 m. width 24. The W. branch of 
White River runs through this co. from NW. 
to SE. The soil is generally very good. Chief 
town, Mount Pleasant. Pop. in 1820, 1,032 ; 
in 1830, 2,010. 

MARTINICO, one of the Windward Car- 
ibbee Islands, in the West Indies, 40 m. in 
length, and 100 in circumference. There are 
many high mountains, covered with trees, as 
well as several rivers and fertile valleys, but they 
produce neither wheat nor vines. It produces 
sugar, cotton, ginger, indigo, chocolate, aloes, 
pimento, plantains, and other tropical fruits; 
and is extremely populous. Some of the an- 
cient inhabitants still remain. It has several 
safe and commodious harbors, well fortified. 
Fort St. Pierre, the principal place, is in Ion. 
61° 20' W. ; lat. 14° 14' N. 

MARTINSBOROUGH, t. N. C. on Tar r. 
20 m. above Washington. 

MARTINSBURG, t. and cap. Lewis co. 
N. Y. on Black river, 48 m. NE. from Utica, 
144 NW. from Albany, 431 from W. Pop. 
2,382. Here is a pleasant and flourishing vil- 
lage, which contains a court-house, a jail, a 
meeting-house, a paper-mill, and other valuable 
mills. 

MARTINSBURG, t. and cap. Berkeley co. 
Va. 8 m. S. of the Potomac, 22 NNE. from 
Winchester, 71 from W. It contains a court- 
house, a jail, an academy, an Episcopal church, 
and about 150 houses. It is situated in a rich 
and beautiful country. 

MARTINSBURG, t. Hopkins co. Ken. 

MARTINSBURG, v. in the northern part 
of Bedford co. Pa. 27 miles NNE. from Bed- 
ford. 

MARTINSVILLE, v. Henry co. Va. 20 m. 
WNW. from Danville. 

MARY ANN FORGE, v. Somerset co. Pa. 

MARYLAND, one of the U. S. See page 87. 

MARYLAND, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 16 m. S. 
from Cooper stown. Pop. 1,834. 

MARYLAND POINT, a point formed by 
a bend in the Potomac, Md. 12 m. SW. from 
Port Tobacco. 

MARYSVILLE, t. and cap. Charlotte co. 
Va. about 34 m. SE. from Lynchburg, 187 
from W. 

MARYSVILLE, v. Campbell co. Va. 

MARYSVILLE, v. Harrison co. Ken. 

MARYVILLE, t. and cap. Blount co. Ten. 
15 m. S. from Knoxville, 532 from W. It con- 
tains a court-house, a jail, and a bank. 

MASCOMY POND, N. H. in Enfield and 
Lebanon, chiefly in the former. It is 1,250 
rods in length, and 250 in breadth. 

MASCOMY, r. N. H. which runs into the 
Connecticut, in Lebanon ; 7 m. long. 

MASCONTIN, r. Illinois, which empties 
into the Wabash, between Vincennes and Fort 
Harrison. 

MASCOUCHE, r. L. Canada, which falls 
into the river St. John, about 12 m. before the 
latter joins the St. Lawrence. 

MASCOURY, Point de, cape on the north 



coast of St. Domingo. Lon. 71° 10' W. ; lat. 

19° 45' N. 

MASHPEE, t. Barnstable co. Mass. 11 m. 
S. from Sandwich, 13 SW. from Barnstable. 
It has 2 harbors, Popponesset Bay, and Wa- 
quoit Bay, both of which have bars at their 
mouths. 

MASON, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 12 m 
SW. from Amherst, 42 SSW. from Concord, 
Pop. 1,403.. 

MASON, co. NW. side of Va. bounded NE. 
by Wood co. SE. and S. by Kenhawa co. and 
W. and N VV. by the Ohio ; 352 m from W 
Pop. 6,534. Chief town, Point Pleasant. 

MASON, co. Ken. bounded by the Ohio r. 
NE. Lewis E. Fleming SE. and S. Nicholas 
SW. and Bracken W. ; length 18 m. mean 
width 14. Surface uneven, though there are 
considerable tracts of excellent soil on streams, 
particularly the Ohio. Staples, grain, flour, 
whisky, &c. Chief towns, Washington, and 
the seat of justice, Maysville. Pop. in 1820, 
13,588; in 1830, 16,203. 

MASON HALL, v. Orange co. N. C. 

MASON'S ISLAND, small isl. in the Poto- 
mac ; lon. 77° 13' W. ; lat. 39° N. 

MASON VILLE, t. Delaware co. N. Y. ad 
jacent to the SE. angle of Chenango co. 26 m. 
W. from Delhi. 

MASSABESICK POND, N. H. mostly in 
Chester, but partly in Manchester. It is a 
beautiful sheet of water, about 3 m. long, con- 
taining 1,512 acres. 

MASSAC CREEK, r. Ken. which runs 
into the Ohio, lon. 89° 25' W. ; lat. 36° 47' N. 

MASSACHUSETTS, State of. See p. 54. 

MASSACHUSETTS BAY, between Cape 
Ann on the N. and Cape Cod on the S. 

MASSACRE ISLAND, Al. 2 m. E. from 
Horn island, 10 m. from the main land. 
_ MASS ASIN WAY, r. In. unites with Little 
river at Fort Tecum sell to form the Wabash. 

MASSENA, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on 
the river St. Lawrence. 

MASSERN, a hill on the S. side of the Ar 
kansas, near Fort Smith. 

MASSIE'S CREEK, r. Ohio, joins the Lit 
tie Miami, 4 m. above Xenia. There are falls 
near its mouth. 

MATACA, Mantaca, commodious bay on 
the N. coast of the island of Cuba, 35 m. E. of 
Havana ; lon. 89° 16' W. ; lat. 23° 12' N. 

MATANCHET, t. Mexico, on the Pacific 
Ocean. Lon. 105° 24' W. ; lat. 20° 45' N. 
_ MATANE, r. L. C. which falls into the S. 
side of the St. Lawrence, near its mouth. 

MATANZA RIVER, an inlet of the sea 
on the E. coast of Florida, 20 m. S. from St, 
Augustine. 

MATANZAS, t. on the N. coast of Cuba, 
60 m. E. from Havana. It has a large and 
safe harbor. Lon. 81° 30' W. ; lat. 23° 3' N, 
Pop. 7,000. 

MATAOUASCHIE RIVER, r. U. Canada, 
runs into the Ottawa river, above the river du 
Rideau. 

MATAPEDIACH, Lake, L.C. the source 
of Ristigouche river. 



328 



MAT— MEA 



MATCHEDASH, bay, in the eastern part 
of Lake Huron, into which the river Severn 
empties, and forms a communication with Lake 
Simcoe, U. C. 

MATILDA, v. Fairfax co. Va. on the Poto- 
mac, near the Great Fall. 

MATILDA, t. Dundas co. U. Canada, on 
the St. Lawrence. 

MATILDAVILLE, v. Fairfax co. Va. at 
the mouth of Difficult creek, 17 miles above 
Washington City. 

MATINICUS, isls. Maine, S. of Penobscot 
Bay. Lon. 68° 20' W ; lat. 43 3 56' N. 

MATTALUCK, r. Ct. which at Waterbury 
takes the name of Naugatuck. 

M ATTAPOISETTS, v. Plymouth co. Mass. 
20 m. SSW. from Plymouth, and 66 a little 
E. of S. from Boston. 

MATTAPONY, r. Va. rises in Spottsylva- 
nia co. and running SE. joins the Pamunky at 
Delaware, to form York river. It admits load- 
ed flats to Downer's Bridge, 70 m. above its 
mouth. 

MATTHEWS, co. Va. commencing 8 m. 
S. from the mouth of the Potomac. There is 
a post-office at the court-house. Pop. in 1820, 
6,920 ; in 1830, 7,663. 

MATTHEWS, C. H. Matthews co. Va. 108 
m. E. from Richmond. 

MATTITUCK, v. Suffolk co. N. Y. on Po- 
conic bay, 8 m. SW. from Southold, and 85 E. 
from New York. 

MAUCHCHUNK, v. Northampton co. Pa. 
on the right bank of the Lehigh, 30 rn. by 
land above Bethlehem. It is the landing for 
the coal procured on a mountain of the same 
name. Pop. 1,362. 

MAUGERVILLE, t. New Brunswick, in 
Sunbury co. on St. John's river. 

MAUMEE, r. rises in Indiana, flows NE. 
into the NW. angle of Ohio, through which it 
continues NE. and falls into the extreme SW. 
extension of Lake Erie. About 18 m. above 
its mouth it is impeded by shoals, occasioned 
by a series of ledges of rock, which cross the 
river for a distance of 18 miles. It is a fine 
navigable stream above and below these shoals. 
Its principal branches, which all unite above 
the shoals, are St. Mary's, St. Joseph's, and 
Great and Little Auglaize. 

MAUMEE BAY, is an oval sheet of water, 
5 m. long and about 2 wide, and at the mouth 
of the Maumee river; it is united to Lake 
Erie by two channels, formed by a small island 
in the form of a crescent. The western chan- 
nel has a depth of about 7 feet. 

MAUMEE, v. Wood co. Ohio, on the left 
bank of Maumee river, above its lower falls, 
and nearly opposite Fort Meigs. Lat. 41° 33' 
N. ; lon. from W. 6° 44' W. 

MAUREPAS, lake, La. It is formed by a 
dilation of the Amite river, and communicates 
with Lake Ponchartrain by a strait 7 miles in 
length, called the pass of Manchac. It is of 
an oval figure, 12 m. by 7. It receives from 
the S. the Acadian creek, from the W. New 
river and Amite river, and from the N. the 
Tickoshah. Its depth is about 12 feet, but the 



pass of Manchac admits of vessels of 6 feet 

draft only. 

MAURICE, r. N.J. which runs into Dela- 
ware Bay in Cumberland co. It is navigable 
20 m. for vessels of 100 tons. 

MAURICE, ST. r. L. C. which enters the 
St. Lawrence from the N. at the town of Three 
Rivers. 

MAURICE, ST. co. L. C. on both sides of 
St. Maurice river, and extends along the NE. 
shore of St. Lawrence river, from 3 m. above 
St. Anne river to 6 m. above the Majkinonge, 
or about 58 m. Its capital is the town of Three 
Rivers, the third in size in Canada. 

MAURICE RIVER, t. Cumberland co. N. J. 
Pop 2,085. 

MAURY, co. W. Ten. bounded by Giles S. 
Hickman W. Duck river or Williamson N, 
Bedford E. Length 35 m. mean width 20, 
area 700 sq. m. Surface hilly. Soil excellent. 
Staple cotton. Chief town, Columbia, 40 m. 
SSW. from Nashville. Pop. in 1820, 22,141. 
Lat. 35° 30' N.; lon. 10° W. from W. 

MAY, r. S. C. which runs into the Atlantic. 
Lon. 80° 55' W.; lat. 32° 15' N. 

MAYFIELD, t. Montgomery co. N. Y, 40 
m. NW. from Albany. Pop. 2,614. 

MAYLICK, a salt spring, in Mason co, 
Ken. 9 m. SSW. from W. 

MAYO, r. which rises in Va. and runs into 
the Dan, in N. C. 

MAY'S LANDING, v. Gloucester co. N.J. 

MAY'S LICK, t. Mason co. Ken. 

MAYSVILLE, t. Mason co. Ken. on the 
Ohio, 3 m. NE. from Washington, 60 NE, from 
Lexington, 63 above Cincinnati, 275 m. by 
land, and 500 by water, below Pittsburg. It 
has a fine harbor for boats, and is situated on 
a narrow bottom on the verge of a chain of 
high hills. There are three streets running' 
parallel with the river, and four streets cross- 
ing them at right angles. This place has the 
usual number of stores and manufactories. 
Glass and some other articles are manufactured 
to a considerable extent. It has a market- 
house, court-house, three houses for public wor- 
ship, and some other public buildings. What 
has given particular importance to Maysville, 
is its being the principal place of importation 
for the NE. part of the state. The greater 
part of the goods for Kentucky from Philadel- 
phia and the eastern cities, are landed here, 
and distributed hence over the state. It is a 
thriving, active town, and a number of steam- 
boats have been built here. Pop. 2,040. 

MAYSVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Cha- 
tauque co. N. Y. at the head of Chatauque 
Lake, 8 m. from Portland, on Lake Erie, 60 
SW. from Buffalo, and 349 m. from W. 

MEAD, t. Belmont co. Ohio, on the Ohio 
river. Pop. 1,492. 

MEADOW RIVER, r. Maine, which runs 
into Casco Bay. 

MEADOW RIVER, r. N. America, which 
runs into Lake Huron. Lon. 84° 30' W. ; lat 
45° 38' N. 

MEADVILLE, t. and cap. Crawford co. Pa 
on French Creek, 25 m. W, from Franklin, 37 



MEA — MEN 



329 



S. from Erie, and 297 from W. Lon. 80° 11' 
W. ; lat. 41° 37' N. The village is very plea- 
santly situated, regularly laid out, and contains 
a court-house, a bank, an arsenal, a printing- 
office, from which is issued a weekly newspa- 
per, a social library, an academy, and a col- 
lege. Alleghany college was founded in this 
place in 1815 : it has a library of 8,000 vols, 
and is tolerably well endowed. Commencement 
is on the first Wednesday of July, after which 
there is a vacation of 6 weeks ; there is one 
other vacation from Dec. 25th to Jan. 15th. 
Pop. 1,094. 

MEANSVILLE, or Towanda, t. and cap. 
Bradford co. Pa. on the eastern branch of the 
Susquehannah, 60 m. NW. from Wilkesbarre. 
It contains the usual county building, and is a 
place of some trade. Pop. 987. 

MEANSVILLE, v. Union district, S. C. 

MECHANIC, v. in Washington township, 
Dutchess co. N. Y. 15J m. N. from Pough- 
keepsie. Here is a Quaker boarding-school. 
The building is 3 stories high, and accommo- 
dates 100 students. 

MECHANICS, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 
353. 

MECHANICSBURG, t. Cumberland co. 
Pa. 

MECHANICSBURG, v. Champaign co. 
Ohio, in the township of Goshen, 14 m. E. 
from Urbana, 26 NE. from Columbus. Pop. 
99. 

MECHANICSTOWN, v. Frederick co. 
Md. 

MECHANICSVILLE, v. Saratoga co. N. Y. 
MECHANICS VILLE, v. Darlington dis- 
trict, S. C. 

MECKLENBURG, co. S. side of Va. bound- 
ed N. by Lunenburg co. E. by Brunswick co. 
S. by N. C. and W. by Halifax and Charlotte 
cos. Pop. 20,366. Chief town, Boydton. 

MECKLENBURG, co. N. C. bounded by 
SC. S. and SW. by Catawba river or Lincoln 
co. N. C. NW. Iredell N. Cabarras NE. and 
Anson SE. Length 45 m. mean width 18. 
Surface rather uneven. Soil near the streams 
excellent, but in the intervals sterile. It is 
drained by several creeks flowing SW. into 
Catawba river. It produces grain, cotton, and 
tobacco. Chief town, Charlotte, 130 m. SW. 
by W. from Raleigh. Pop. in 1820, 16,895 ; in 
1830, 20,076. 

MEDFIELD, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 18 m. 
SW. from Boston. Pop. 817. 

MEDFORD, v. Middlesex co. Mass. on the 
Mystic river, 5 m. NW. of Boston. 

MEDFORD, v. Burlington co. N. J. 46 m. 
SE. from Trenton. 

MEDFORD, t. Middlesex co. Mass. on 
Mystic river, 4 m. N. from Boston. Pop. 1,755. 
It is a pleasant, handsome, and flourishing 
town, and contains a grammar-school for lads, 
and a boarding-school for young ladies, and 
has a number of elegant houses. The river 
is navigable for vessels of considerable size to 
this place, where it meets the Middlesex canal. 

MEDICINE, r. N. America, which runs E. 
into the Missouri, 13 m. above the Great Falls. 
2 R 



MEDINA, co. in the N. part of Ohio, bound- 
ed on the N. by Cuyahoga, E. by Portage, S 
by Wayne, and W. by Huron cos. It is 38 
m. long from E. to W. and 20 broad from N. 
to S. County-seat, Medina township. Black 
and Rocky rivers take their rise in this co 
Pop. in 1820, 3,082 ; in 1830, 7,560. 

MEDINA, t. and seat of justice for Medina 
co. Ohio, on the sources of the Rocky river, 26 
m. SW. from Cleveland. 

MEDOMACK, t. Lincoln co. Me. 

MEDWAY, t. Norfolk co. Mass. about 25 
m. SW. from Boston, and about the same dis- 
tance NE. from Providence, R. I. 

MEHERRIN, r. which rises in Virginia, 
and running into N. Carolina, unites with the 
Nottaway, 7 m. below the line, to form the 
Chowan river. 

MEIGS, co. Ohio, bounded E. and SE. by 
Ohio river, S. by Gallia and Athens, and N. by 
Athens. Length 30 m. breadth very unequal, 
from 12 to 22. Surface broken, though some 
of the soil is very good. Pop. in 1820, 4,480 ; 
in 1830, 6,159. Chief town, Salisbury. 

MEIGS, SE. t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 
796. 

MEIGS, t. Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 1,229. 

MEIGSVILLE, t. Morgan co. Ohio, 70 m. 
SE. by E. from Columbus. Pop. 684. 

MEIGSVILLE, v. Randolph co. Va. 317 m. 
NW. from Richmond. 

MEIGSVILLE, v. Jackson co. Ten. 84 m. 
NE. by E. from Nashville. 

MELBOURNE, t. Buckingham co. L.C. on 
the St. Francis river, 50 m. S. by E. from 
Three Rivers. 

MELVILLE, t. Cumberland co. N. J. 

MELVILLE ISLAND, the largest of the 
New Georgia islands, 135 m. long and 40 or 50 
broad, in the Polar Sea, discovered by Capt- 
Parry. In Hecla and Griper's Bay, on the S. 
side of the island, the expedition under the 
Captain wintered, in 1819-1820. Cape Dun- 
das, the W. point, is in lon 113° 57' 35" W. ; 
lat. 72° 27' 50" N. 

MELTONSVILLE, v. Anson co. N. C. 132 
m. SW. from Raleigh. 

MEMPHIS, v. Shelby co. Ten. on the Mis- 
sissippi river. It is situated on the site of Old 
Fort Pickering, and at the mouth of Loosa- 
hatchie river. 

MEMPHREMAGOG, lake, America, the 
greater part of which belongs to Canada, and 
the rest to the state of Vermont. It is 35 m. 
long, and 3 broad. It communicates with tho 
St. Lawrence, by the river St. Francis, and re- 
ceives the waters of Black, Barton, and Clyde 
rivers, which rise in Vermont. 

MEN AN, Little, isl. Me. with a light-house, 
2 m. SSE. from Goldsborough. 

MENDHAM, t. Morris co. N. J. 6 m, W. 
from Morristown. Pop. 1,314. 

MENDON, t. Worcester co. Mass. E. from 
the Pawtucket, 19 m. SE. from Worcester, 36 
SW. from Boston. Pop. 3,152. It borders on 
Rhode Island, and is watered by Charles and 
Mill rivers, and contains a cotton manufactory, 
a forge, and other valuable mills. 



330 



MEN— MEX 



MENDON, t. Monroe co. N. Y., NW. from 
Canandaigua. Pop. 3,075. 

MENOMINIE, r. Michigan Ter. runs into 
Green Bay, 60 m. NE. from Fort Howard. It 
admits vessels drawing 6 or 7 feet water, and 
canoes ascend 60 leagues. 

MENTOR, t. Geauga co. Ohio, on Lake 
Erie, on W. side of Painesville. Pop. 703. 

MENTOS, t. La. on the Arkansas, 150 m. 
SW. from New Madrid. Lon. 92° 40' W.; 
lat. 35° 27' N. 

MENTZ, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. on the Erie 
canal, 12 m. NW. from Auburn. Pop. 4,144. 
In this town is the village of Montezuma. 

MERCER, t. Somerset co. Me. 11 m. W, 
from Norridgewick. Pop. 1,210. 

MERCER, co. Pa. bounded N. by Crawford 
co. E. by Venango co. S. by Beaver co. and W. 
by Ohio. Pop. 19,731. Chief town, Mercer. 

MERCER, bor. and seat of justice, Mercer 
co. Pa. on the W. side of Neshanoc creek, 57 
m. a little W. of N. from Pittsburg, 267 from 
W. Pop. 656. 

MERCER, co. Ken. bounded by Lincoln 
SE. Casey S. Washington W. Franklin N. 
Kentucky river, or Woodford and Jessamine 
NE. and Garrard or Dick's river E. Length 
26 m. mean width 14. Pop. in 1820, 15,587 ; 
in 1830, 17,706. Chief town, Harrodsburg. 

MERCER, co. Ohio, bounded W. by In. 
N. by Vauwert, E. by Allen and Shelby, and 
S. by Dark. Length 25 m. breadth 24. Pop. 
1,110. 

MEREDITH, t. Strafford co. N. H. on W. 
side of Lake Winnipiseogee, 29 m. N. from 
Concord, 63 NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 2,683. 
The township contains a nail manufactory, 2 
distilleries, and 4 houses of public worship. 

MEREDITH, t. Delaware co. N. Y. 8 m. 
N. from Delhi, 66 W. from Catskill, 69 SW. 
from Albany. Pop. 1,655. 

MERIDA, city, Mexico, cap. of the province 
of Yucatan, 70 m. NE. from Campeachy. 
Pop. 10,000. 

MERIDEN, t. New Haven co. Ct. 17 m. N. 
from New Haven, 17 S. from Hartford. Pop. 
1,708. It contains 3 churches, 1 for Congre- 
gationalists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for 
Baptists. Here are several manufactories of 
tin ware. 

MERIDIAN, v. Madison co. Missouri. 

MERIDIAN VILLE, v. Madison co. Al. 8 
m. N. from Huntsville. 

MERMENTAU, Mexicana, or Mentou, r. 
La. which, after a S. course of 200 m. falls into 
the Gulf of Mexico, 200 m. W. of the Missis- 
sippi. In the lower part of its course, it ex- 
pands into a spacious lake, and again contracts 
to a small river. 

MEROM, t. and cap. Sullivan co. In. on the 
E. side of the Wabash, 35 m, above Vincennes. 
Its situation is elevated, commanding a view 
of the prairie country for 30 m. It is 688 
m. from W. 

MERRIMACK, r. N. H. formed by the 
Union of the Pemigewasset and the Winni- 
piseogee. It rises in Grafton co. and runs in 
a SE. direction through the state. It then en- 
ters Massachusetts, makes a turn to the NE. 



and empties into the Atlantic Ocean below 
Newbury port. It is navigable to Haverhill 
The Middlesex canal connects this river witb 
Boston harbor, and, by means of various im- 
provements around the rapids and falls of the 
river, the navigation is now extended as high? 
up as Concord. 

MERRIMACK, r. of Miso. rises bi Frank- 
lin co. flows NE. through Franklin, and sepa- 
rating Jefferson from St. Louis, falls into the 
Mississippi, 5 m. below the town of St. Louis- 

MERRIMACK, co. N. H. formed from the 
towns adjacent to, and including the state 
capital, Concord. Pop. 34,619. 

MERRIMACK, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 6 
m. E. from Amherst. Pop* 1,191. 

MERRIMACK, t. Washington co. Miso. 

MERRIMACK, t. Franklin co. Miso. 

MERRIMACK, r. Miso. which rises in the 
highlands E. of the Gasconade, and falls into 
the Mississippi, 20 m. below St. Louis. 

MERRITSTOWN, v. Fayette co. Pa. 

MERRY HILL, v. Bertie eo. N. C. 

MERRYMEET1NG BAY, Me. is formed 
by the junction of the Kennebeck and Andros- 
coggin rivers, 20 m. from the sea. 

MERRYMEETING BAY, N. H. the SE. 
arm of Lake Winnipiseogee, extending about 
5 m. in the township of Alton. 

MERRY'S ISLAND, isl. in Hudson's Bay. 
Lon. 93° 5' W. ; lat. 61° 52' N. 

MERSEA, t. Essex co. U. C. on Lake Erie. 

MERUVAIS, r. NW. Territory, runs into 
Lake Superior. It interlocks with the St. 
Croix, a water o'f the Mississippi. 

MESOPOTAMIA, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 16 
m. NW. from Warren. 

MESQUITAL, t. Mexico, 18 m. NE. from 
Guadalaxara. 

META, r. Arkansas, which traverses the 
whole length of the Great Prairie, and empties 
into the N. side of Arkansas river, several m 
above the post of Arkansas. 

METCALFBOROUGH, v. Franklin co,, 
Tgtiugssgg* 

MEXICALTZINCO, t. Mexico, 6 m. SE. 
from Mexico. 

MEXICO, Republic of. See page 159. 

MEXICO, City of capital of the republic 
of the same name, is situated in lat. 19° 26' 
N. ; lon. from W. 22° 5' W. on or near the W. 
shore of the Lake Tczcuco, and in the central 
part of the valley of Tenochtillan, and also, 
nearly at mid-distance between Vera Cruz and 
Acapulco. The site of Mexico is elevated 
7,470 feet above the ocean. The ancient city 
was divided into four quarters, Teopan or Xo- 
chimilco, Atzacualco, Moyotla, and Creepopan , 
and the old limits are preserved in St. Paul, 
St. Sebastian, St. John, and St. Mary. The 
present streets have for the most part the same 
direction with the old ones, running from N. 
to S. and from E. to W. But what gives the 
new city a peculiar and distinctive character, 
is, that it is situated entirely on the continent, 
between the extremities of the two Lakes of 
Tezcuco, and Xochimilco, and that it only re- 
ceives by navigable canals the fresh water of 
the Xochimilco. A canal, dug at a prodigious 



MEX— MID 



331 



expense, under the mountains, contributes to 
drain it. The houses are built on piles, as the 
ground is by no means firm. The streets, 
though wide, are badly paved. The houses in 
this strange and rich vale on the summits of 
mountains, are as magnificent and unique, as 
the position. They are spacious, and built of 
porphyry and amygdaloid. Many of the pal- 
aces and private mansions have an imposing 
show, and glitter with metallic riches. The 
cathedral is, perhaps, the richest in tbe world. 
Altars, eandfc-sticks and images of the saints 
are of colossal size, and solid silver, and orna- 
mented with precious stones. Palaces, man- 
sions of great families, beautiful fountains and 
extensive squares, adorn the interior of this 
city. Near the suburbs, to the north, is the 
alameda, or chief promenade. Round this 
walk flows a rivulet forming a fine square, in 
the centre of which is a fountain, with a basin. 
Eight alleys of trees terminate here, in the 
form of an altar. The detestable Inquisition, 
finally abolished by the ex-emperor Iturbide, 
was near this square. This superb city is in- 
habited by 160,000 people, and is the centre 
of more scientific establishments than any 
other Spanish town in America. 

MEXICO, Gulf of, a large bay or gulf of 
the Atlantic, extending from the coast of Flor- 
ida to Yucatan, about 600 m. and from Cuba 
to the coast of Mexico, about 700. 

MEXICO, t. Oxford co. Me. Pop. 344. 

MEXICO, t. Oswego co. N. Y. on Mexico 
Bay, in Lake Ontario, 13 m. E. from Oswego. 
Lat 43° 31' N. Pop. 2,671. 

MEXTITLAN, t Mexico, 95 m. ENE. from 
Mexico. Lon. 98° 2' W. ; lat. 20° 37' N. 

MIAMI, r. Ohio, which, after a course of 
100 miles, enters the Ohio near the south-west 
corner of the state. It is navigable 75 miles. 
There is a portage of only 5 miles between 
its head waters and the Auglaize, a river of 
Lake Erie. 

MIAMI, Little, r. Ohio, which joins Ohio 
river, 7 m. above Cincinnati. In Greene co. 
there are remarkable falls in the river. It is 
one of the best mill-streams in the state. 

MIAMI, co. Ohio, bounded on the N. by 
Shelby, E. by Champaign and Clarke cos. S. by 
Montgomery, and W. by Dark co. It is 21 m. 
in extent from N. to S. by 20 from E. to W. 
Chief town, Troy. Pop. 12,806. 

MIAMI, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, 15 m. above 
the mouth of Great Miami river, and 16 W. 
from Cincinnati. Pop. 113. 

MIAMI, t. Greene co. Ohio. Pop. 780. 

MIAMI'S BERG, v. Montgomery co. Ohio, 
12 m. S. from Dayton. 

MIAMI UNIVERSITY, Oxford t. Butler 
co. Ohio. 

MIAMI, western t. Logan co. Ohio. Pop. 
825. 

MICHAELS, t. and cap. Madison co. Miso. 
30 m. SW. from Genevieve. 

MICHIGAN, Lake, U. S. 260 m. long, 55 
broad, and 800 in circumference, containing, 
according to Hutchins, 10,368,000 acres, or 
16,200 sq. ms. On the NE. it communicates 
with Lake Huron, through the straits of Michil- 



limackinack, and on the NW. it branches out 
into two bays, one called Noquet's and the 
other Green Bay. The lake is navigable for 
ships of any burden, and has fish of various 
kinds, particularly trout, of a large size and 
excellent quality, and sturgeon. Lon. 84° 30' 
to 87° W. ; lat. 41° 35' to 45° 50' N. 

MICHIGAN TERRITORY. See p. 151. 

MICHILLIMACKINACK, co. Michigan. 
It comprises all the northern part of the Ter- 
ritory. Michillimackinack, or Mackinack, on 
the island of that name, is the capital. Pop. 
877. 

MICHILLIMACKINACK, a broad river 
or strait, which connects Lake Huron to Lake 
Michigan. It is 6 m. wide and 20 or 30 long, 

MICHILLIMACKINACK, district, Michi. 
gan. 

MICHILLIMACKINACK, Little, r. II. 
which runs NW. into the Illinois, 13 m. below 
the Illinois Lake. It is about 170 m. long, 
and navigable for boats 90. 

MICHILLIMACKINACK, or Mackinack, 
isl. and fort, situated in the straits, or river, 
Michillimackinack, 200 m. NNW. from De- 
troit Lon. 84° 30' W. ; lat. 45° 33' N. This 
fort is composed of a strong stockade, is neatly 
built, and exhibits a beautiful appearance from 
the water. The ground on which it stands is 
150 feet above the lake, and 100 yards from 
the shore. The village near the fort contains 
a Roman Catholic church. 

MICHISCOUI, r. which rises in Canada, 
runs through NW. part of Vermont, and flows 
into Lake Champlain, at Michiscoui Bay, in 
Highgate. 

MIDDLEBOROUGH, t. Plymouth county, 
Mass. 10 m. W. from Plymouth, 39 S. from 
Boston. Pop. 5,008. This is a large township, 
and contains a rolling and slitting-mill, a shovel 
manufactory, 2 forges, 2 furnaces, 2 cotton 
manufactories, a town-house, an academy, and 
several houses of public worship, for Congre- 
gationalists and Baptists. 

MIDDLEBOROUGH, v. Wayne co. Pa. 

MIDDLEBROOK MILLS, v. Montgomery 
co. Md. 

MIDDLEBROOK, t. Augusta co. Va. 11 m. 
SW. from Staunton. 

MIDDLEBURG, t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 10 
miles S. from Schoharie, 35 W. from Albany. 
Pop. 3,266. 

MIDDLEBURG, t. Loudon co. Va. 32 m. 
SE. from Winchester. 

MIDDLEBURG, t. Frederick co. Md. 15 m. 
NE. from Fredericktown. 

MIDDLEBURG, t. Nelson co. Ken. 

MIDDLEBURG, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. 

MIDDLEBURY, t. Genesee co. N. Y. Pop. 
2,415. 

MIDDLEBURY, t. and cap. Addison co 
Vt. on both sides of Otter creeek ; 11 m. SE. 
from Vergennes, 31 S. from Burlington, 32 N 
from Rutland, 51 SW. from Montpelier. Lon 
73° 6' W. ; lat. 44° N. Pop. 3,468. Distance 
from W. 483 m. It is the seat of various im- 
portant manufactures, especially of marble. 
Besides the usual county buildings, it contains 
two flourishing academies, one for each sex, 



332 



MID— MID 



several churches, and Middlebury College, the 
most considerable seminary of learning in the 
state. It has a president and 5 professors — 
1 of law, 1 of mathematics and natural philo- 
sophy, 1 of theology, 1 of languages, and 1 of 
chemistry ; and 2 tutors. The number of stu- 
dents ranges from 80 to 100. The total num- 
ber of those who have been educated at this 
seminary, and have received the degree of A. B. 
in 1830 was 495, of whom 193 had devoted 
themselves to the Christian ministry. The li- 
braries contain 4,168 volumes. The com- 
mencement is held on the third Wednesday in 
August. There are three vacations; one from 
commencement, 4 weeks ; one from the first 
Wednesday in January, 7 weeks ; and the other 
from the third Wednesday in May, 2 weeks. 

MIDDLEBURY, v. Portage co. Ohio, 187 
m. NE. from Columbus. 

MIDDLEBURY VILLAGE, v. on the 
eastern boundary of Genesee co. N. Y. and on 
Allen's creek, 15 m. SSE. from Batavia. This 
t. is different from that of Middlebury in the 
same township. 

MIDDLEBURY, t. New Haven co. Ct. 22 
m. NW. from New Haven, 36 SW. from Hart- 
ford. Pop. 816. 

MIDDLE CREEK, r. Northumberland co. 
Pa. which runs E. into the Susquehannah, 8 m. 
below Sunbury. 

MIDDLEFIELD, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 
24 m. W. from Northampton, 110 from Boston. 
Pop. 721. 

MIDDLEFIELD, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 3 m. 
E. from Cooperstown, 35 SE. from Utica, 63 
W. from Albany. 

MIDDLE FORK, r. Madison co. Ken. 
which unites with the river Kentucky. 

MIDDLE GRANVILLE, v. Hampshire 
Co. Mass. 

MIDDLE HADDAM, v. Middlesex co. Ct. 
on E. side of the Connecticut, in the township 
of East Haddam. 

MIDDLE HERO, t. Grand Isle co. Vt. on 
an island in Lake Champlain, 22 m. NNW. 
from Burlington. 

MIDDLE HOOK, v. Somerset co. N. J. on 
N. bank of the Raritan, 8 m. NNW. from New 
Brunswick. 

MIDDLE ISLAND CREEK, r. Va. which 
runs into the Ohio. 

MIDDLE LISTER, small island in Lake 
Erie, lying NW. from the Bass islands. It is 
one of the three called Middle, East, and West 
Lister, though bearing from each other NE. 
and SW. 

MIDDLEPORT, v. Niagara co. N. Y. 

MIDDLE POINT, cape on the E. coast of 
Labrador. Lon. 63° W. ; lat. 59° N. 

MIDDLE RIVER, r. Md. which runs into 
the Chesapeake, SW. of Gunpowder river. 

MIDDLESEX, t. Washington co. Vt. on 
Union river, 5 m. NW. from Montpelier. Pop. 
1,156. 

MIDDLESEX, co. Mass. bounded N. by 
Hillsborough co. in N. H., NE. by Essex co. 
in Mass. SE. by Suffolk, Norfolk, and Boston 
harbor, and SW. and W. by Worcester ; length 
40 m. mean width 20. Chief towns, Cam- 



bridge and Charlestown. Pop. in 1820, 61,476 ) 
in 1830, 77,968. 

• MIDDLESEX CANAL, Mass. is wholly 
within the county of Middlesex, and connects 
Boston harbor with Merrimack river. See 
page 55. 

MIDDLESEX, co. Ct. bounded by Long 
Island Sound SE. by New Haven SW. Hart* 
ford NW. and N. and New London E. Length 
28 m. mean width 12. Connecticut river in- 
tersects it, and separates it Into two sections* 
Chief town, Middletown. Pop; in 1820, 22,408 ; 
in 1830, 24,845. 

MIDDLESEX, co. N. J. bounded E. by Sta> 
ten Island Kills and Raritan Bay, SE. by Mon- 
mouth co. SW. by Huntingdon and Burling- 
ton, W. by Somerset, and N. by Essex. Length 
32 m. mean width 11. Chief town, New 
Brunswick. Pop in 1820, 21,470 ; in 1830 
23 157. 

MIDDLESEX, co. Va. bounded SE. by 
Chesapeake Bay, SW. by Piankatank river or 
Gloucester and King and Queen cos. NW. by 
Essex, and NE. by Rappahannock river. 
Length 35 m. mean width 6 Chief town, 
Urbana. Pop. in 1820, 4,057 ; in 1830, 4,122, 
of whom 2,137 were slaves. 

MIDDLE STATES, that part of the_U. S. 
lying between the Hudson and Potomac rivers : 
viz. the states of New York, New Jersey, 
Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland. 

MIDDLETON, t. Strafford co. N. H. 48 m. 
NE. from Concord. Pop. 562. 

MIDDLETON, t. Essex co. Mass. 9 m 
NW. from Salem, 28 from Boston. Pop. 607. 

MIDDLETON, t. Delaware co. N. Y. 40 
m. W. from Catskill. Pop. 2,383. 

MIDDLETON, t. Norfolk co. U C. 

MIDDLETON, t. Columbiana co. Ohio, 20 
m. W. from 2anesville. 

MIDDLETOWN, t. Rutland co. Vt. 52 m. 
N. from Bennington. Pop. 919. 

MIDDLETOWN, t. Newport, R. I. 2 m. 
NE. from Newport, 28 SE. from Providence. 
Pop. 915. 

MIDDLETOWN, city, port of entry, and 
cap. of Middlesex co. Ct. is pleasantly situat- 
ed on the W. bank of the Connecticut river, 31 
m. from its mouth, 14 S. from Hartford, 25 
NNE. from New Haven, 325 from W. Lon. 
72 3 54' W. ; lat. 41° 35' N. Pop. 6,892. It 
is a pleasant and flourishing town, and haa 
considerable trade and manufactures of cotton, 
woollen, swords, rifles, &c. Two miles from 
the city, there is a lead-mine. 

MIDDLETOWN, t. Delaware co. N. Y. 15 
m. SE. from Delhi, 73 SW. from Albany. 
Pop. 2,383. 

MIDDLETOWN, v. Orange co. N. Y. 

MIDDLETOWN, v. in Brookhaven, N. Y. 

MIDDLETOWN, t. Monmouth co. N. J. 
S. of Raritan Bay, 11 m. NW. from Shrews- 
bury, 30 SW. from N. York. It contains an 
academy, and 2 houses of public worship. 
Pop. 5,128. 

MIDDLETOWN, v. Fayette co. Pa. 10 m. 
E. from Brownsville, and 6 N. from Union- 
town. 

MIDDLETOWN, Sullivan co. Ten. 



MID— MIL 



333 



MIDDLETOWN, v. Washington co. Pa. 
on a branch of Cross creek, 12 m. NW. from 
Washing-ton . 

MIDDLETOWN, v. Newcastle co. Del. 
21 m. SSW. from Wilmington. 

MIDDLETOWN, v. Dauphin co. Pa. on 
the point above the junction of Swetara creek 
with the Susquehannah river, 9 m. below Har- 
risburg, and 27 NW. from Lancaster. It is 
an ancient village, chiefly inhabited by Ger- 
mans. 

MIDDLETOWN, v. Frederick co. Va. on 
Cedar creek, 14 m. SW. from Winchester. 

MIDDLETOWN, v. Jefferson co. Ken. 11 
m. a little N. from E. Louisville. 

MIDDLETOWN, t. Butler co. Ohio, on the 
E. side of the Miami river, 6 m. below Frank- 
lin, and 14 above Hamilton. 

MIDDLETOWN, v. Saratoga co. N. Y. 
3 m. NW. from Waterford, and 14 N. from 
Albany 

MIDDLETOWN POINT, v. Middletown, 
N. J. on a small creek which runs into Rari- 
tan Bay, 14 m. NW. from Shrewsbury. It 
carries on some trade with New York. 

MIDDLETOWN UPPER HOUSES, v. 
Middlesex co. Ct. immediately adjoining Mid- 
dletown* 

MIDDLEVILLE, v. Herkimer co. N. Y. 
90 m. NW. by W. from Albany. 

MIDDLEWAY, v. Jefferson co. Va. 85 m. 
NW. from W. 

MIDLAND, district, U. C. extends from 
Lake Ontario, between the head of the bay of 
Quinte and the mouth of Ganonoque river, 
back to the river Ottawa. 

MIDWAY, settlement, Liberty co. Geo. 30 
m- S. from Savannah, 9 W. from Sunbury. 
Its first settlers were from Dorchester, Mass. 
Here is a handsome Congregational church. 

MIFFLIN, co. Pa. bounded by Perry SE. 
Huntingdon SW. and W. Centre NW. and 
Union NE» Length 39 m. width 21. Chief 
town, Lewistown. Pop. in 1820, 16,818; in 
1830 21 529. 

MIFFLIN, t. Richland co. Ohio. 

MIFFLIN, the westernmost t. of Pike co. 
Ohio. 

MIHAUATLAN, t. Mexico, 108 leagues 
SE. from Mexico. Lon. 275° 15' W.; lat. 18° 
35' N. 

MILAN, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 
MILAN, v. Huron co. Ohio, 123 m. N. from 
Columbus. 

MILFORD, t Hillsborough co. N. H. on 
the Sowhegan, 2 m. SW. from Amherst, 48 
NW. from Boston. Pop. 1,303. It is a pleas- 
ant town, and contains 2 cotton manufactories, 
and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Congre- 
gationalists, and 1 for Baptists. 

MILFORD, t. Kent co. Del. on the N. side 
of Mispillion creek, which falls into Delaware 
Bay, 12 m. below, 19 m. S. by E. from Dover, 
95 S. from Philadelphia. 

MILFORD, t. Butler co. Ohio, 10 m. NW. 
from Hamilton. Pop. 1,808. 

MILFORD, t. and cap. Pike co. Pa. on the 
Delaware, 120 m. above Philadelphia. The 
river here forms a good harbor for boats. 



MILFORD, t. New Haven co. Ct. on Long 
Island Sound, 9 m. SW. from New Haven. 
Pop. 2,256. The village contains about 100 
houses and 3 churches. The harbor has suf- 
ficient depth of water for vessels of 200 tons. 
The amount of shipping owned here is about 
1,500 tons. In this town is a very valuable 
quarry of marble. 

MILFORD, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 10 m. S. 
from Cooperstown, 76 W. from Albany, Pop. 
3,025. 

MILFORD, t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m 
SE. from Worcester. Pop. 1,380. 

MILFORD, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. 34 m. 
NW. from Trenton. 

MILFORD CENTRE, v. Worcester co. 
Mass. 24 m. SW. from Boston. 

MILLBOROUGH, v. Washington co. Pa. 

MILLBOROUGH, v. Bath co. Va. 172 nr. 
NW. by W. from Richmond. 

MILLBOROUGH, v. Sussex co. Va. about 
30 m. SE. from Petersburg. 

MILLBURY, t. Worcester co. Mass. 6 m. 
S. from Worcester. It contains a woollen 
manufactory, a saw-mill, and an iron manu- 
factory, a rolling and slitting-mill, a nail man- 
ufactory, several scythe-shops, a gun manu- 
factory, employing 40 or 50 workmen, exten- 
sive tanneries, a paper-mill, oil-mills, and other 
valuable mills. Pop. 1,611. 

MILL CREEK, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop, 
587. 

MILL CREEK, v. Berkeley co. Va. 93 m. 
NW. from W. 

MILL CREEK, large and valuable mill- 
stream, rising in the northern part of Logan 
co. Ohio, and running from thence in an E. by 
S. direction into the W. side of the Scioto river 
6 m. below Fulton's creek, Delaware co. 

MILL CREEK, large mill-stream, Butler 
and Hamilton cos. Ohio, running S. by W. 
into the Ohio river, immediately below Cin- 
cinnati. 

MILLEDGEVILLE, t. Baldwin co. Geo. 
and capital of the state, is situated on the W. 
bank of the Oconee, 300 m. by the curves of 
the river, from the sea. Though in the upper 
country, it is near the borders of the low coun- 
try. Its situation is elevated and pleasant, and 
central to a fertile and populous country. It 
contains a state-house, an arsenal, academy, 
court-house, jail, state penitentiary, 2 printing- 
offices, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for 
Baptists and 1 for Methodists. The state-house, 
arsenal, and penitentiary, are all large and con- 
spicuous buildings. It is 87 m. SW. from Au- 
gusta, 170 NW. from Savannah, and 642 from 
W. Pop. 1,599. 

MILLER, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 584. 

MILLER, co. Arkansas Ter. Pop. 358. 

MILLERSBURG, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on 
the E. side of the Susquehannah. 

MILLERSBURG, t. Bourbon co. Ken. 8 m. 
N. from Paris, 28 N. from Lexington. Pop. 
470. 

MILLER'S FERRY, v. Randolph co. JL 
MILLER'S RIVER, r. Mass. which rises 

in a pond in Rindge, N. H. and after a SW. 

course of 35 miles, enters Connecticut river at 



334 



MIL — MIS 



Northfield. A few miles from its mouth it has 
falls, where the whole descent is 62 feet, and 
that at the principal fall 14 feet. 

MILLERSTOWN, t. Perry co. Pa. on the 
Juniatta, 134 m. W. from Philadelphia. 

MILLERSTOWN, t. Lehigh co. Pa. on a 
branch of Lehigh river, 26 m. S W. from Easton, 
47 NW. from Philadelphia. 

MILL FARM, v. Caroline co. Va. 

MILL GROVE, v. Cabarras co. N. C. 

MILL HALL, v. Centre co. Pa. 

MILL HAVEN, v. Scriven co. Geo. 

MILLSFIELD, t. Coos co. N. H. 7 m. W. 
from Umbagog Lake. Pop. 33. 

MILLSTONE, t. Somerset co. N.J. on 
Millstone creek, a S. branch of the Raritan, 
14 m. N. from Princeton. 

MILLVILLE, v. Cumberland co. N. J. 12 
m. E. from Bridgetown. Pop. 1,561. 

MILLVILLE, v. King George co. Va. 

MILLVILLE, t. Butler co. Ohio. 

MILLWOOD, v. Frederick co. Va. 

MILO, v. Penobscot co. Maine, 145 m. NE. 
From Portland. 

MILO, t. Ontario co. N. Y. 

MILTON, t. Chittenden co. Vt. on Lake 
Champlain, 13 m. N. from Burlington. Pop. 
2,100. 

MILTON, t. Strafford co. N. H. 30 miles 
NNW. from Portsmouth, 40 ENE. from Con- 
cord. Pop. 1,273. 

MILTON, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 7 m. S. 
from Boston. Pop. 1,565. It is a pleasant 
town, and contains an academy, several paper- 
mills, and a chocolate-mill. It is watered by 
the Neponset, which is navigable to this town 
for vessels of 150 tons. This river separates 
the town in part from Dorchester. The pros- 
pect from Milton hill is said to be one of the 
finest in America. 

MILTON, or King's Ferry, v. Cayuga co. 
N.Y. 

MILTON, t. Northumberland co. Pa. on 
W. branch of the Susquehannah, 15 m. N. of 
Sunbury. 

MILTON, v. Sussex co. Del. situated on 
Broadkill creek, about 7 m. from its mouth, 
and 30 S. by E. from Dover. 

MILTON, t Saratoga co. N.Y. 30 m. N. 
from Albany. Pop. 3,079. It contains valuable 
mills, a woollen manufactory, and 5 houses for 
public worship. 

MILTON, t. Richelieu co. L. Canada, in the 
great bend of the Riviere a la Tortue, 35 m. E. 
from Montreal. 

MILTON, large v. Litchfield co. Ct. 5 m. 
W. of Litchfield. In this village there is an 
elegant Gothic church, belonging to the Epis- 
copalians, built after the draught of Trinity 
church in New York. 

MILTON, v. on Hudson river, in the SE. 
part of Ulster co. N. Y. 11 m. above Newburgh. 

MILTON, v. Morris co. N. J. 68 m. N. of 
Trenton. 

MILTON, v. Albemarle co. Va. on the Ri- 
vanna river, 5 m. below Charlotteville. 
MILTON, v. Rockingham co. N. C. 
MILTON, t. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 546. 



MILTON, t. Miami co. Ohio, 8 m. SW. of 
Tro V . Pop. 78. 

MILTON, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 1,156, 

MILTON, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 966. 

MILTON, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 11 m. NE. of 
Wooster. Pop. 843. 

MINDEN, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on the 
Mohawk, 25 m. W. from Johnstown, 62 W. 
from Albany. Pop. 2,567. It contains three 
Dutch Reformed churches. 

MINDEN, v. Ontario co. N. Y. 

MINEHEAD, t. Essex co, Vt. on Connecti- 
cut river, 58 m. NE. from Montpelier. 

MINERAL FORK, r. Miso. a branch of 
Big river, which flows into the Merrimack. 

MINE RIVER, r. Howard co, Miso. which 
flows into the S. side of the Missouri, 200 m. 
above its mouth. It is navigable 40 miles. 

MINERVA, t. Essex co. N. Y., SW. of 
Elizabethtown. Pop. 358. 

MINERVA, t. Mason co. Ken. 13 m. from 
Washington. 

MINGAN ISLANDS, islands near the S. 
coast of Labrador, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 
30 m. W. from AnticostL Lon. 64° W. ; lat. 
50° 15' N. 

MINISINK, t. Orange co. N. Y. 10 m. W. 
of Goshen, 25 W. of Newburgh. Pop. 4,979. 

MINISINK, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Del- 
aware, 5 m. below Montague, 57 NW. from 
New Brunswick. 

MINITOBA, lake, Canada, 100 m. long, and 
from 10 to 15 wide. Lon. 100° 20' W. ; lat. 
50° 40 N. 

MINOT, t. Cumberland co. Me. on the Am 
droscoggin, 33 m. N. of Portland. Pop. 2,908. 

MIRAMACHI, bay and river of the E. coast 
of New Brunswick, 60 m. S. from Chaleur Bay. 
The river rises about 120 m. inland. 

MISSASSAGA ISLAND, U. C. lies oppo- 
site the mouth of the Trent, and about the 
same distance from the portage at the head of 
the Bay of Quinte. 

MISSASSAGA POINT, U. C. in the t. of 
Newark, lies on the W. side of the entrance of 
the river Niagara, and opposite the fortress of 
Niagara. 

MISSASSAGA RIVER, r. U. C. runs into 
Lake Huron, between le Serpent and Thessa- 
lon rivers, on the N. shore. 

MISSIGUINNIPPI LAKE, lake, Canada, 
100 m. N. from Quebec. Lon. 71° 30' W. ; 
lat. 48° 3' N. 

MISSIGUINNIPPI RIVER, r Canada, 
which runs into the Saguenay. Lon. 71° 10' 
W. ; lat. 48° 22' N. 

MISSISQUE, r. in Vt. runs into Missisque 
Bay in the NE. part of Lake Champlain. 

MISSISSIPPI, one of the U. States. See 
page 115. 

MISSISSIPPI, a river of the U. S. This 
magnificent stream has already been the sub- 
ject of so many minute descriptions, that, to 
give the reader a correct account of it without 
considerable repetition, would be scarcely pos- 
sible. It rises in high table-land, in the great 
Northwestern Territory W. of Lake Superior. 
A medium of the authorities respecting the 



MIS— MIS 



335 



point of its origin, would give it to be in lat. 
47° 47' N. though in speaking of the source 
of large rivers, which are formed of a great 
number of tributaries, it is not often possible 
to say, precisely, which particular branch car- 
ries the most water, or ought to be called the 
parent stream. It is 1,600 m. from its source 
to its junction with the Missouri, and 1,310 
from that junction to its mouth at the Gulf of 
Mexico, making its whole length 2,910 m. Its 
general course is south. Its most important 
branches, beginning at its mouth, are the 
Red river, the Arkansas, and the Missouri, on 
the west, the latter of which is, by far, the 
greatest tributary which it receives. Its two 
principal branches on the east, are the Ohio 
and the Illinois. Ships rarely ascend the Mis- 
sissippi higher than Natchez, which is 322 m. 
by the river, above New Orleans, but it is navi- 
gated by steam-boats to the Falls of St. An- 
thony, a distance of more than 2,000 m. from 
its mouth. Down these falls, the river, which 
is here about half a mile wide, precipitates its 
waters in a perpendicular descent of sixteen 
or seventeen feet. For a long distance below 
these falls, it is a clear, placid, and beautiful 
stream, with wide and fertile bottoms. Its 
medial current is not more than 2 m. an hour 
from the falls to the mouth of the Missouri, ex- 
cept at the rapids, a few miles below the mouth 
of the river Des Moines, which are about 9 m. 
in length, and are a considerable impediment 
to the navigation during a part of the summer. 
Where it receives the Missouri, it is a mile 
and a half wide. The Missouri itself enters 
with a mouth not more than half a mile wide. 
The united stream below, has thence, to the 
mouth of the Ohio, a medial width of little 
more than three quarters of a mile. This 
mighty tributary seems rather to diminish than 
increase its width ; but it perceptibly alters its 
depth, its mass of waters, and, what is to be 
regretted, wholly changes its character. It is 
no longer the gentle, placid stream, with 
smooth shores and clean sand-bars ; but has a 
furious and boiling current, a turbid and dan- 
gerous mass of sweeping waters, jagged and 
dilapidated shores, and, wherever its waters 
have receded, deposits of mud. Below the 
Missouri its rapidity should be rated consider- 
ably higher than has been commonly done. Its 
medial rate of advance is perhaps four miles 
an hour. The bosom of the river is covered 
with prodigious boils, or swells, that rise with, a 
whirling motion, and a convex surface, two or 
three rods in diameter, and no inconsiderable 
noise, whirling a boat perceptibly from its 
track. In its course, accidental circumstances 
shift the impetus of its current, and propel it 
upon the point of an island, bend, or sand-bar. 
In these instances, it tears up the islands, re- 
moves the sand-bars, and sweeps away the 
tender alluvial soil of the bends, with all their 
trees, and deposits the opoils in another place. 
At the season of high waters, nothing is more 
familiar to the ear of the people on the river, 
than the deep crash of a land-slip, in which 
larger or smaller masses of the soil on the 
banks, with all the trees, are plunged into the 



stream. The circumstances that change the 
aspect and current of the river, are denomi- 
nated, in the vocabulary of the watermen, 
chutes, races, chains, sawyers, planters, points 
of islands, wreck-heaps, and cypress-bends. It 
occurs more than once, that in moving round 
a curve of twenty -five or thirty miles, you will 
return so near the point whence you started, 
that you can return back to that point, by land, 
in less than a mile. There are, at present, 
bends of this sort on the Missouri and the Mis- 
sissippi, particularly at Tunica bend, where 
you move round a curve of thirty miles, and 
come back to the point, where you see through 
the trees, and at the distance of three quarters 
of a mile, the point whence you departed. The 
divinity most frequently invoked by boatmen, 
seems to have imparted his name oftener than 
any other to the dangerous places along the 
river. The " devil's" race-paths, tea-table, 
oven, &c. are places of difficult or hazardous 
navigation, that frequently occur. They are 
serious impediments to the navigation of this 
noble stream. Such is its character from Mis- 
souri to the Balize ; a wild, furious, whirling 
river — never navigated safely, except with 
great caution. On the immense wreck-heaps, 
where masses of logs, like considerable hills, 
are piled together, the numerous wrecks of 
boats, lying on their sides and summits, suf- 
ficiently attest the character of the river, and 
remain standing mementoes to caution. Boats 
propelled by steam-power, which can be chang- 
ed in a moment, to reverse the impulse and 
direction of the boat, are exactly calculated to 
obviate the dangers of this river. No person 
who descends this river for the first time, re- 
ceives clear and adequate ideas of its grandeur, 
and the amount of water which its carries. If 
it be in the spring, when the river below the 
mouth of the Ohio is generally over its banks, 
although the sheet of water that is making its 
way to the gulf is, perhaps, thirty miles wide, 
yet finding its way through deep forests and 
swamps that conceal all from the eye, no ex- 
panse of water is seen, but the width that is 
curved out between the outline of woods on 
either bank ; and it seldom exceeds, and oftener 
falls short of a mile. But when he sees, in 
descending from the Falls of St. Anthony, that 
it swallows up one river after another, with 
mouths as wide as itself, without affecting its 
width at all; when he sees it receiving in 
succession the mighty Missouri, the broad 
Ohio, St. Francis, White, Arkansas, and Red 
rivers, all of them of great depth, length, and 
volume of water ; when he sees this mighty 
river absorbing them all, and retaining a vol- 
ume apparently unchanged — he begins to esti- 
mate rightly the increased depths of current, 
that must roll on in its deep channel to the 
sea. From the sources of the river to the 
mouth of the Missouri, the annual flood ordi- 
narily commences in March, and does not 
subside until the last of May ; and its medial 
height is fifteen feet. At the lowest stages, 
four feet of water may be found from the 
Rapids of Des Moines to the mouth of the 
Missouri. Between that point and the mouth 



336 MIS- 

of the Ohio, there are six feet in the channel 
of the shallowest places at low-water, and the 
annual inundation may be estimated at twenty 
five feet. Between the mouth of the Ohio and 
the St. Francis, there are various shoal places, 
where pilots are often perplexed to find a suf- 
ficient depth of water, when the river is low. 
Below that point, there is no difficulty for ves- 
sels of any draught, except to find the right 
channel. Below the mouth of the Ohio, the 
medial flood is fifty feet; the highest, sixty. 
Above Natchez, the flood begins to decline. 
At Baton Rouge, it seldom exceeds thirty feet; 
and at New Orleans, twelve. Some have sup- 
posed this gradual diminution of the flood to 
result from the draining of the numerous 
effluxes of the river, that convey away such 
considerable portions of its waters, by separate 
channels to the sea. To this should be added, 
no doubt, the check which the river at this 
distance begins to feel from the reaction of the 
sea, where^this mighty mass of descending 
waters finds its level. The navigation upon 
this river is very great. The number of steam- 
boats upon the Mississippi and its tributaries 
is abont 300. Their size is from 540 tons 
downward. The passage from Cincinnati to 
New Orleans and back, has been made in 19 
days. From New Orleans to Louisville the 
shortest passage has been 8 days and 2 hours, 
the distance being 1,650 m. and against the 
current. The steam-boats have generally 
high-pressure power, and many fatal explo- 
sions have happened upon these waters. The 
first steam- vessel here was built in 18 10. New 
Orleans is the out-port of this river, and the 
largest city on its banks. Its waters pass into 
the Gulf by several channels which intersect 
a flat marshy tract. The main entrance is at 
the Balize. 

MISSISSIPPI, t. Phillips co. Arkansas 
Territory. 

MISSOURI, one of the U. S. See p. 146. 

MISSOURI, the longest river in N. Ameri- 
ca, is formed of three principal branches, the 
Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin, which rise 
among the Rocky Mountains, between 42° 
and 48° N. lat. and unite at one place in lat. 
45° 10' N. and Ion. 110° W. From this con- 
fluence, its course is northerly about 250 m. 
to the Great Falls; thence easterly to the Man- 
dan villages; thence it runs, first S. and then 
SE. to its junction with the Mississippi, in Ion. 
90° W. and lat. 38° 51' N. Its whole length, 
from its source to the Mississippi, is 3,217 m. 
Although it loses its name at its confluence 
with the latter, it is much the longer stream 
of the two, but the Mississippi having been 
first discovered and explored, it has retained 
its name to the Gulf of Mexico. This error 
being now past remedy, the Missouri must be 
considered as a tributary of the Mississippi. 
If we add to the Missouri the length of the 
Mississippi below their confluence, we have a 
river 4,490 m. in length, which exceeds by 
nearly 1,000 m. any other river on the globe. 
During this whole distance there is no cataract 
or considerable impediment to the navigation, 
except at the Great Falls, which are 2,575 



-MOB 

m. fron the Mississippi. At these falls, the 
river descends, in the distance of 18 m. 362 ft. 
The first great pitch in ascending the river is 
98 feet; the second, 19; the third, 47; and 
the fourth, 26. The width of the river is here 
about 350 yards, and, from every description, 
the cataracts are, next to those of Niagara, the 
grandest in the world. About 100 m. above 
the falls, is the place called the Gates of the 
Rocky Mountains. The rocks here rise per- 
pendicularly from the water's edge, to the 
height of nearly 1,200 feet, through a distance 
of more than 5 m. and the river is compressed 
to the width of 150 yards. Nothing can be 
imagined more gloomy than the passage 
through this dark chasm. 

MISSOURI, t. Hempstead co. Arkansas 
Territory. 

MISSOURI, t. Clarke co. Arkansas Terri- 
tory- 

MISSOURITON, t. Howard co. Miso, 
MISTAKEN POINT, a promontory on the 
W. of Cape Race, at the SE. point of the isl- 
and of Newfoundland. 

MISTASSIN, Lake, a lake of New Britain, 
lying E. of the S. part of James' Bay, and sur- 
rounded by mountains called the Great Mis- 
tassins. It is above 250 m. in circuit, of a 
very irregular shape, being much intersected 
by long and narrow projections of land, and 
contains several islands. It is formed of the 
Mistassin and other rivers from the moun- 
tains, and its outlet is the river Rupert. 

MOBILE, city and port of entry, and cap. 
of Mobile co. Alabama, is situated on the west- 
ern channel of Mobile river, near its entrance 
into Mobile bay. It is 1,033 m. from W, 
226 S. from Tuscaloosa, 33 N. from Mobile 
point, 15 WNW. from Blakely, 50 WNW. 
from Pensacola, 40 by water below Fort Stod- 
dart. Lat. 30° 40' N. Pop. 3,194. Mobile 
is the only town of an} 1, great importance in 
the lower part of the state. It is situated con- 
siderably above the overflow of the river, in a 
dry and pleasant situation. Access to it is ren- 
dered somewhat difficult to vessels by a swampy 
island opposite the town. But when once they 
have entered, they are perfectly secure from 
winds, storms, and enemies ; and can come 
directly to the town. It has swampy lands and 
stagnant waters back of it, and near it a 
sterile country of pine woods. From these 
causes, though it had been one of the earliest 
settled towns in the country, it never became, 
under the Spanish and French regime, more 
than a military post. Under the government 
of the United States, it has received a new im- 
pulse of prosperity. But a few years since, 
little cotton was raised in the whole country 
connected with Mobile ; and none was export- 
ed directly from this place. It is now a great 
shipping port for cotton ; and a large number 
of square-rigged vessels take their freight from 
this city. There is no other port, perhaps, in 
the United States, of the same size, that has so 
large an amount of export, After New Or- 
leans and Charleston, it is the largest cotton 
port in the country. It is enlivened, too, by 
the coming and departing of many steam- 



MOB— MON 



337 



boats, that ply on the noble river above the 
city. In addition to the great number of packet- 
schooners that sail between this place and 
New Orleans, some by the lake, and some by 
the Mississippi, there is now a steam-boat com- 
munication between the two cities, by the way 
of lake Ponchartrain. Of course, except du- 
ring- the sickly months, it is a place of great 
activity and business. The public buildings 
are a court-house and a jail, four churches, one 
for Roman Catholics, one for Episcopalians, 
one for Presbyterians, and one for Methodists. 
A Roman Catholic college is erecting at Spring 
Hill, six miles from the city. It exported, in 
1831, 110,000 bags of cotton. It has the dis- 
advantage of a shallow harbor, which is more- 
over growing shallower by the sand deposited 
by the rivers. The most fatal impediment to 
the advancement of this town is its acknow- 
ledged character for sickness. 

MOBILE, r. Alabama, is formed by the 
union of the Alabama and Tombigbee, 40 m. 
above Mobile. After a course of 3 m. it di- 
vides and enters Mobile bay in several chan- 
nels. The main western channel is called the 
Mobile ; the main eastern channel is the deep- 
est and widest, and is called the Tensaw. The 
eastern channel passes by Blakely. 

MOBILE, co. Al. bounded by the Gulf of 
Mexico S. Mississippi W. Baldwin and Mon- 
roe cos. in Al. N. and West Florida E. Length 
58 m. mean width 45. Chief towns, Mobile 
and Blakely. Pop. in 1820, 2,672 ; in 1830, 
3,071. 

MOBILE BAY, a bay at the mouth of Mo- 
bile river, 30 m. long, and, on an average, 12 
broad. It communicates with the Gulf of 
Mexico by two straits, one on each side of 
Dauphin island. The strait on the W. side 
will not admit the passage of vessels drawing 
more than five feet of water ; that on the E. 
eide, between the island and Mobile point, has 
18 feet of water, and the channel passes with- 
in a few yards of the point. There is a bar 
however across the bay, near its upper end, 
over which there is only 11 feet water. 

MOBILE POINT, is a long, low, sandy, 
and narrow peninsula, which bounds Mobile 
bay on the S. extending from the bay of Bon 
Secours, the south-eastern extremity of the for- 
mer, towards Dauphin island, to which it ap- 
proaches within 3 m. This point has been 
rendered remarkable, by the erection of a mili- 
tary post on its extreme W. extension, called 
Fort Bowyer. This fort was attacked Sept. 15th, 
1814, by a British squadron, consisting of two 
vessels of 28 guns each, and one of 18 guns, 
with a land force of 200 Indians, and 110 ma- 
rines. The British were repulsed, with the 
loss of the Hermes, and about 100 men killed 
and wounded. After their defeat at, and re- 
treat from New Orleans, the British attacked 
and took Fort Bowyer, on the 15th of Feb. 1815. 

MOBILE ISLAND, isl. formed by the di- 
vided stream of the river Mobile, about 26 m. 
long, and 5 wide. Lon. 87° 55' W. ; lat. 31° N. 

MOBJACK, bay, Va. which sets up from 
Chesapeake bay, N. of the mouth of York r. 

MOCXSVXLLE, v. Rowan co. N. C. 
2S 



MODERS, t. Clinton co. N. Y. 

MODESTTOWN, v. Accomack co. Va. 

MOFFIT'S STORE, v. Columbia co. N. Y. 

MOHAWK, r. N. H. which runs W. into 
the Connecticut, in Colebrook. 

MOHAWK, r. N. Y. which rises about 20 
m. N, from Rome. It flows into the Hudson 
by 3 mouths between Waterford and Troy. Its 
length from Rome to the Hudson is about 117 
m, It is connected with Wood creek, by a 
canal 1| miles long. There are also canals at 
German Flats and Herkimer. A boat naviga- 
tion has been opened for several years from 
Schenectady through the Mohawk, Wood 
creek, Oneida lake, and Oswego river, to the 
Lake Ontario. This river, about 2 m. west of 
the Hudson, has remarkable falls, "called Ca- 
hoes, or Cohoes. The river just above the falls, 
is between 300 and 400 feet wide, and de- 
scends at high water in one sheet near 70 feet. 
About | m. below, a bridge is erected across 
the river, from which there is a most sublime 
and beautiful view of the cataract. 

MOHAWK, r. in Del. co. N. Y. which unites 
with the Popachton and forms the Delaware. 

MOHAWK, v. on the Grand River, or 
Ouse, U. C. is the principal village of the Six 
Nations. This is the residence of their prin- 
cipal chief. The village is beautifully situated, 
has a neat church with a steeple, a school- 
house, and a council-house ; and not far from 
it is a grist and sawmill. 

MOHAWKS, t. Hastings co. U. C. on Lake 
Ontario. 

MOHAWK BAY, in Fredericksburg, U. C. 
bay of Quinte, lies opposite to the Mohawk 
settlement, and close to the mouth of the river 
Appannee. 

MOHAWK SETTLEMENT, bay of 
Quinte, U. C. is W. of Richmond, and com- 
prehended between the river Shannon and 
Bowen's Creek. 

MOHEGAN, v. of U. C. on the right bank 
of the Thames, 5 m. below Norwich. Here 
reside the remnant of the Mohegans. 

MOHEGAN, Indian v. New London co. 
Ct. on W. side of the Thames, 4 m. S. from 
Norwich. Here are the remains of the Mo- 
hegan tribe. 

MOHICCON, r. Ohio, N. branch of the 
Muskingum. 

MOHICCON, t. Wayne co. Ohio. Fop. 
1,316. 

MOHICCONS, Indians, inhabiting between 
the rivers Scioto and Muskingum. 

MOIRA, r. U. C. which falls into the bay 
of Quinte, in Lake Ontario. 

MOIRA, t. Franklin co. N. Y. Pop. 791. 

MOLE, The, a port in the NW. part of the 
island of St. Domingo, 2 leagues E. of Cape 
St. Nicholas. Though inferior to Cape Francois 
and Port au Prince, it is the first port in the 
island for safety in time of war, being strongly 
fortified both by nature and art. It is 14 m. S. 
by W. from Jean Rabel, 69 W. from Cape 
Francois. Lon. 73° 26' W. ; lat. 19° 51' N. 

MOMAPANE LAKE, lake, Canada, 160 m 
N. from Quebec. Lon. 71° W. ; lat 49° 40' N 

MONA and MONITA, i. e, The Morjuy 



338 



MON— MON 



end Ms Cub, 2 islands of the West Indies, in 
the middle of the great passage between His- 
paniola and Porto Rico. 

MONACASY, r. Md. which runs S. into 
the Potomac, 50 m. above Georgetown. 

MONACKS, v. Monroe co. Al. 

MONADNOCK, a lofty mountain in the 
SW. corner of N. H. between Jaffrey and 
Dublin. Its base is 5 m. from N. to S. and 3 
from E. to W. and its height is 3,254 feet above 
the level of the sea. It may be seen at the 
distance of 60 m. in almost every direction. 

MONADNOCK, mt. in the NE. part of Vt. 

MONISTIC, r. N. America, which runs into 
Lake Michigan. 

MONITOU, two islands in Lake Michigan. 
Lon. 85° 35' W. ; lat. 44° 55' N. 

MONKEY ISLAND, small isl. in Curri- 
tuck Sound, near the coast of North Carolina. 
Lon. 76° 4' W. ; lat. 36° 22' N. 

MONKTON, t. Addison co. Vt. 23 m. S. 
from Burlington. Pop. 1,384. Here are found 
Tast quantities of porcelain earth, from which 
attempts have been made to manufacture por- 
celain, but without success. 

MONMOUTH, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 17 
m. WS W. from Augusta, 156 NNE. from Bos- 
ton. Pop. 1,882. Here is an academy. 

MONMOUTH, co. N. J. bounded NW. by 
Middlesex co. N. by Raritan bay, E. by the 
Atlantic, and SW. by Burlington co. Pop. 
29,233. Chief town, Freehold. 

MONMOUTH, v. Monmouth co. N.J. 63 m. 
ENE. from Philadelphia. The British troops 
under Gen. Clinton were defeated here on the 
17th of June 1777, by the Americans under 
Gen. Washington. 

MONODY CREEK, r. Pa. which joins the 
Swetara, 12 m. W. from Lebanon. 

MONOKA, r. Md. runs into the Chesapeake. 
Lon. 76° 53' W. ; lat. 38° 10' N. 

MONOMIES CASTLE, fort, NW. Terri- 
tory, on the Winebago river. Lon. 87° 34' 
W.; lat. 44P 18' N. 

MONOMIES RIVER, r. NW. Territory, 
which gives name to a tribe of Indians, and 
which runs into Green Bay. Lon. 87° 21' 
W. ; lat. 44° 46' N. 

MONOMONIL, t. NW. Territory, on W. 
side of Green Bay. Lon. 87° 28' W.; lat. 
44° 32' N. 

MONONGAHELA, r. which rises from the 
Laurel mountains in Va. runs N. into Pa. and 
unites with the Alleghany at Pittsburg, to form 
the Ohio. It is navigable for light steam-boats 
to Brownsville, Pa. and bateaux and barges 
ascend as far as Morgantown in Va. Length 
nearly 300 miles. 

MONONGALIA, co. NW. part of Virginia, 
bounded N. by Pennsylvania, E. by Maryland, 
S. by Randolph co. W. by Harrison co. and 
NW. by Ohio co. Pop. 14,056, of whom 362 
are slaves. Chief town, Morgantown. 

MONROE, t. Waldo co. Me. Pop. 108. 

MONROE, t. Orange co. N. Y. 19 m. S. 
from Newburgh, 50 N. from New York. Pop. 
3,671. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Quakers, 
and 1 for Presbyterians. Here are extensive 
iron works. 



MONROE, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Lafcn 
Ontario, E. by Ontario co. S. by Livingstom 
co. W. by Genesee co. Pop. 49,862. Chief 
town, Rochester. 

MONROE, co. Al. on the river Alabama. 
Pop. 8,781. Chief town, Claiborne. 

MONROE, co. E. part of Mis. Pop. 3,853. 
Chief town, Hamilton. 

MONROE, v. Sussex co. N. J. 84 m. N. 
from Trenton. 

MONROE, v. Bradford co. Pa. 190 m. N. 
from Harrisburg. 

MONROE, co. Va. bounded SE. by Bote- 
tourt and Giles, SW. by Kenhawa r. or Giles, 
NW. by Greenbrier, N. by Nicholas, and NE 
by Bath and Botetourt. Length 35 m. mean 
width 13. Pop. in 1820, 6,620 ; in 1830, 7,798. 
Chief town, Uniontown. 

MONROE, v. Warren co, N.C. 70 m. SE. 
from Raleigh. 

MONROE, v. Walton co. Geo. 66 m.NNW. 
from Milledgeville. Lat. 33° 46' N. 

MONROE, co. Ohio, bounded E. by Ohio 
river, S. by Washington, W. by Morgan, NW. 
by G uernsey, and N. by Belmont. Length 38 
m. breadth 18. Pop. in 1820, 4,641 ; in 1830, 
8,770. Chief town, Woodsfield. 

MONROE, co. In. bounded by Lawrence S» 
Martin W. Delaware NE. and Jackson E. 
Length 24 m. breadth 18. Pop. 6,578. Chief 
town, Bloomington. 

MONROE, co. Ken. bounded by Ten. S. by 
Allen co. Ken. W. Barren N. Adair NE. and 
Cumberland E. It oceupies the dividing 
ground between Cumberland and Big Barren 
rivers. Length 28 m. breadth 25. Chief 
town, Tompkinsville. 

MONROE, v. and seat of justice, Overton 
co. Ten. on a small branch of Obies river, 100 
m. NE. by E. from Nashville. Lat. 36° 25' 
N.; lon. from W. 8° 11' W. 

MONROE, co. E. Ten. bounded by N.Car- 
olina E. the Cherokee lands S. M'Minn W. 
and Tennessee river, or Elount and Sevier N. 
Chief town, Madisonville. 

MONROE, t. Adams co. Ohio, Pop. 807. 

MONROE, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 10 m. NE. 
from Jefferson. Pop. 862. 

MONROE, t. Butler co. Ohio, 12 m. NE. 
from Hamilton. Pop. 119. 

MONROE, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 6 m. NE. 
from Cambridge. Pop. 615 

MONROE, v. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 24. 

MONROE, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 1,054. 

MONROE, t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 308 

MONROE, t. Muskingum co.Ohio. Pop.486. 

MONROE, t. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. 1,076, 

MONROE, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 696. 

MONROE, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 1,070. 

MONROE, t. Pickaway eo. Ohio, 10 m. W. 
from Circleville. Pop. 767. 

MONROE, co. in the S. part of In. Pop. 
6,578. Chief town, Bloomington. 

MONROE, co. II. on the Mississippi. Pop. 
2,119. Chief town, Waterloo. 

MONROE, t. II. on the first high ground 
above the junction of the Illinois with the Mis- 
sissippi, 28 m. above St. Louis, and 10 from 
St. Charles, on the Missouri. 



MON—MON 



339 



MONROE, co. Michigan Territory. Pop. 
3,187. Chief town, Monroe. 

MONROE, t and cap, Monroe co. Michigan 
Territory, on the river Raisin, 35 m. S. from 
Detroit. 

MONROE, t. Lincoln co. Missouri. 

MONROE, t. Hempstead co. Arkansas. 

MONSON, t Hampden co. Mass. on the line 
of Connecticut, 17 m. E. from Springfield, 72 
WSW from Boston. Pop. 2,264. It contains 
2 churches, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for 
Baptists ; a flourishing academy, with which 
is connected a large boarding-house. Here are 
also manufactories of cotton and wool. 

MONTAGUE, t Greenville co. U. C. 

MONTAGUE, t. Franklin co. Mass. on the 
E. side of Connecticut river, opposite Green- 
field, with which it is connected by a bridge. 
It is 18 m. N. from Northampton, and 90 W. 
from Boston. Pop. 1,151. 

MONTAGUE, v. Essex co. Va. 

MONTAGUE, Cape, cape in Hudson's Bay. 
Lon. 88° W. ■ lat 66° N. 

MONTAGUE ISLAND, isl. near the NW. 
coast of America, at the W. side of the en- 
trance into Prince William's Sound. Lon. 147° 
to 148 3 W. ; lat. 59 3 50' to 60° 30' N. 

MONTAUK POINT, E. end of Long 
Island, in Southampton. The light-house is 
at lon. from W. 5° 6' E. ; lat. 41° 4' N. 

MONTEZUMA, v. in Mentz, N. Y. 12 m. 
N. from Auburn. Here is an extensive man- 
ufactory of salt. 

MONTGOMERY, t. Franklin co. Vt. 40 m. 
NE. from Burlington. Pop. 460. 

MONTGOMERY, t. Hampden co. Mass. 12 
m. NW. from Springfield. Pop. 579. 

MONTGOMERY, co. N. Y. bounded by 
Schenectady SE. Schoharie S. Otsego SW. 
Herkimer W. Hamilton N. Saratoga E. The 
surface is pleasantly diversified, and the soil 
generally good. Pop. in 1820, 37,569 ; in 1830, 
43,595. Chief town, Johnstown. 

MONTGOMERY, t. Orange co. N. Y. 12 
m. W. from Newburgh, 10N. from Goshen, 70 
from New York. Pop. 3,887. It contains an 
academy and 8 churches. 

MONTGOMERY, co. Pa. bounded by Phil- 
adelphia and Delaware cos. SE. Chester SW. 
Berks NW. Lehigh N. and Bucks NE. : length 
30 m. width 15. The surface of this county 
is delightfully variegated by sloping hills and 
fertile valleys. The Schuylkill washes its S. 
border from its extreme W. angle to the mouth 
of the Perkiomen ; it then enters the county, 
and runs through its S. corner. The Perkio- 
men also traverses this county, entering it at 
the N. angle, and emptying it into the Schuyl- 
kill, a little above where the latter enters the 
county. The soil is generally productive, and 
the county is noted for its quarries of fine 
marble. Pop. 1820, 35,793 ; in 1830, 39,404. 
Chief town, Norristown. 

MONTGOMERY, co. Va. bounded by the 
Blue Ridge, or Franklin and Patrick cos. SE. 
Grayson and Wythe SW. Walker's mountain, 
or Giles co. NW. and Botetourt NE. Length 
42 m. mean width 22J. Pop. in 1820, 8,733 ; 
in 1830, 12,304 Chief town, Christiansburg. 



MONTGOMERY, co. Md. bounded byPo. 
tomac river, or by Fairfax and Loudon cos. 
Va. SW. Frederick co. Md. NW. Patuxent r. 
or Ann-Arundel NE. and Prince George and 
D. C. SE. Length 28 m. mean width 18 
Pop. in 1820, 16,400 ; in 1830, 19,816. Chief 
town, Rockville. 

MONTGOMERY, co. N. C. bounded by 
Richmond and Anson S. Cabarras W. Rowan 
and Randolph N. and Moore E. Length 42 
m. mean width 18. It produces cotton, gram, 
and tobacco. Pop. in 1820, 8,693; in 1830, 
10,918. Chief town, Tindalsville. 

MONTGOMERY, co. Geo. bounded by 
Oakmulgee river S. by Little Oconee river 
SW. Laurens W. and NW, and Emanuel or 
Great Ohoope river NE. Length 40 m. mean 
width 24. The Oconee and Oakmulgee, which 
meet at the southern extremity of this county, 
form the Alatamaha. Chief town, Mount Ver- 
non. Pop. in 1820, 1,869 ; in 1830, 1,269. 

MONTGOMERY, co. Ohio, bounded by 
Warren and Butler S. Preble W. Miami N. 
Clarke NE. and Greene E. ; length 24 m. 
width 23. Chief town, Dayton. Pop. in 1820, 
15,999 ; in 1830, 24,252. 

MONTGOMERY, t. near the eastern bor 
der of Richland co. Ohio. 

MONTGOMERY, t. Franklin co. Ohio. 
Pop. 2,915. 

MONTGOMERY, v. Franklin co. Ohio, 
14 m. NE. from Cincinnati. 

MONTGOMERY, co. Ken. bounded SE. 
and S. by Estil, W. by Clarke, NW. by Bour- 
bon, NE. by Bath, and E. by Pike ; length 38 
m. mean width 12. Surface rather uneven 
than hilly; soil productive. Chief town, Mount 
Sterling. Pop. in 1820, 9,587 ; in 1830, 10,221. 

MONTGOMERY, co. Ten. bounded by 
Christian and Todd counties in Kentucky N. 
by Robertson co. in Ten, SE. Dickson S. and 
Stewart SW ; length 40 m. mean width 17£. 
Chief town, ClarkesviUe. Pop. in 1820, 12,219 ; 
in 1830, 14,365. 

MONTGOMERY, co. Al. bounded by Piko 
SE. Butler S. Wilcox and Dallas W. Alabama 
river, or Autaga NW. and N. and the Musco- 
gee or Creek lands NE ; length 50 m. mean 
width 30. Chief town, Montgomerv. Pop. in 
1820, 6,604; in 1830, 12,694. 

MONTGOMERY, v. and seat of justice, 
Montgomery co. Al. on Alabama river, 70 m. 
by land from Cahawba. Lat. 32° 20' N. 

MONTGOMERY, co. Miso. bounded by 
Missouri river S. Howard co. W. Cuivre river, 
or Lincoln N. and St. Charles E.; length 50 m. 
mean width 35. Pop. in 1820, 3,074 ; in 1830, 
3,900. 

MONTICELLO, t. and cap. Sullivan co. 
N. Y. 4 m. W. from Nevesink river, and about 
40 a little N. of W. from Newburgh. ' 

MONTICELLO, t. Fairfield district, S. C. 
35 m. N. from Columbia. 

MONTICELLO, v. and seat of justice, Jas- 
per co. Geo. 32 m. NW. from Milledgeville. 
Lat. 33 3 19' N. 

MONTICELLO, v. and cap. Lawrence co, 
Mis. on Pearl river, 90 m. E. from Natehei 
Lat. 31 o 32' N. ; lon. from W. 12° 53 W. 



340 



MON— MOO 



MONTICELLO, t. and cap. Wayne co. 
Ken. 100 m. S. from Frankfort, and about 4 
SE. from Cumberland river. Lat. 36° 50' N.; 
Ion. from W. 7° 40' W. 

MONTICELLO, v. Lawrence co. Arkansas. 

MONTICELLO, the seat of the late Hon. 
Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the 
U. States, in Albemarle co. Va. 2 m. SE. from 
Charlottesville. Lon. 78° 48' W. ; lat. 38° 8' N. 

MONTPELIER, t. and cap. Washington co. 
Vt. and seat of government of the state, on the 
N. side of Onion river, at the confluence of 
two of its head waters ; 36 m. SEi from Bur- 
lington, 140 NW. from Boston, 524 from Wash- 
ington. The river is here bordered by rude, 
unsightly hills, which scarce allow room for 
the village. Its central situation in the state 
makes Montpelier a great thoroughfare, the 
travel going through it in all directions; Lon. 
71° 33' W.; lat. 44° 16' N. 

MONTPELIER, the seat of the Hon. James 
Madison, the fourth President of the U. States, 
in Orange co. Va. 20 m. NE. from Monticello. 

MONTPELIER, v. Hanover co; Va. 24 m. 
from Richmond. 

MONTPELIER, v. Richmond co. N. C. 
105 m. SW. from Raleigh. 

MONTREAL, isl. in St. Lawrence river, at 
the confluence of that stream and the Ottawa. 
It forms a county of the same name, 32 m. 
long, but very irregular in width. 

MONTREAL, city, L. C. It is built upon 
an island of the same name in the St. Law- 
rence, 32 m. long, and at its centre 2 m. wide, 
at a point in the river just below the junction of 
the Ottawa. The river is here two miles wide, 
and capable of being ascended by vessels of 
any burden, although 500 miles from the sea. 
It is 180 miles SW. of Quebec, and 300 N k of 
New York. The town has a beautiful position, 
and shows to great advantage. The mountain, 
from which it has its name, rises on the left 
of the city, and seems placed there, like a ram- 
part, to defend it from the blasts of winter. 
A thick forest covers the greater part of it ; 
though a few neatly built houses show their 
roofs from the midst of the mountain groves. 
The new cathedral is, probably, the largest 
church in America. Its front is 255 feet, and 
its width 134. There are five public entrances, 
and the interior will conveniently contain 
10,000 persons. There are seven altars, and 
the eastern window over the high altar is 64 
by 32 feet. The circuit of this vast edifice is 
1,125 feet. It is built of hewn stone from the 
mountain. The college is the next most con- 
spicuous building, extending in front with the 
wings 220 feet. It contains on an average 300 
students. This is a Catholic institution. There 
are 18 or 20 public buildings. The French 
style of building, the number of lofty spires 
and towers, and the glittering tin covering of 
the roofs, give the city a majestic and impos- 
ing appearance at a distance. The population, 
by a census in 1825, was 24,000, and is now 
supposed to amount to 30,000. The chief ar- 
ticle of its commerce is furs. It is the empo- 
rium of the North-West Company ; and of the 



trade between Canada and the United State* 
The only interruption to the navigation of the 
St. Lawrence up to this city, is the Rapids, 
about two miles below, which often occasion 
delay to inbound vessels, as they can be stem- 
med only by a strong wind. 

MONTREAL, a district of L. C. bounded 
NE. by the district of Three Rivers, S. by the 
States of New York and Vermont, SW. by 
Upper Canada and the Grand or Ottawa riven 
It contains the counties of York, Effingham* 
Leinster, Warwick, Huntingdon, Kent, Surrey, 
Bedford, Richelieu, and Montreal. 

MONTREAL BAY, bay, Canada, on the 
E. side of Lake Superior. Lon. 84° 50' W. ; 
lat. 47° 10' N. 

MONTREAL, r. NW. Ter. which flows 
into Lake Superior, 63 m. W. of the mouth of 
the Ontanagon. About 800 yards from its 
mouth it has falls, where the whole descent is 
80 or 90 feet, and the descent at the last fall is 
40 feet perpendicular. The South- West Fur 
Company have a post at Lake Flambeau near 
the source of this river. 

MONTROSE, t. and cap. Susquehannah co. 
Pa. 163 m. from Harrisburg, 271 from W. Pop* 
415. 

MONTROSE, t. Cumberland co. N.C. 

MONTROUIS, t. St. Domingo, at the head 
of the Bight of Leogane, 5 leagues SE. from 
St. Mark, 15 NW. from Port au Prince. 

MONTVILLE, t. Waldo co. Me. 30 m. NE. 
from Wiscasset. Pop. 1,743. 

MONTVILLE, t. New London co. Ct. It 
is situated about 9 m. NW. of New London* 
Pop. 1967* 

MOORE, co. N. C. bounded by Cumberland 
SE. Richmond SW. Montgomery W. Ran- 
dolph NW. and Chatham N. ; length 38 m* 
width 28. Chief town, Alfordstown. Pop. in 
1820, 7,128 ; in 1830, 7,753. 

MOORESBOROUGH, v. Rutherford co. 
N. C. by postroad 226 m. SW. by W. from 
Raleigh. 

MOORESBURG, v. Columbia co. Pa. 

MOORESFIELD, or Moorestown, t. Bm> 
lington co. N. J. 13 m. E. from Philadelphia. 

MOORFIELD, v. Nicholas co. Ken. 

MOORFIELD, v. Harrison co. Ohio, 11£ 
m. SW. from Cadiz. 

MOORFIELD, t. Clarke co. Ohio. Pop* 
915. 

MOORFIELDS, t. and cap. Hardy co. Va* 
on the S. branch of the Potomac, 25 m. SSWs 
from Romney, 180 NW. from Richmond. 

MOORSBURG, v. Hawkins co. Ken. 

MOOSE, isl. Me. in Passamaquoddy Bay 
on which is the town of Eastport. 

MOOSE, smaU r. L. C. It is one of the 
head waters of the St. Francis. 

MOOSE, r. N. H. which joins the Andros* 
coggin, in Durand. 

MOOSE, r. N. Y. which runs into the E* 
side of Black river. 

MOOSEHEAD, lake, Me. the source of the 
E. branch of Kennebeck river. It is said to be 
60 m. long. 

MOOSEHILLOCK, mt. N. H. in Coventry. 



MOO— MOS 



341 



According to the measurement made by Capt. 
Partridge, the N. Peak is 4,G36 above the level 
of the sea. 

MOOSERS, v. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. 

MOOSUP, r. which rises in R. I. and joins 
the Quinebaug, in Plainfield, Connecticut. 

MORANT BAY, on the S. coast of Ja- 
maica. Lon. 76° W. ; lat. 17° 54' N. 

MORANT POINT, or East Point, cape, on 
the E. coast of Jamaica. Lon. 75° 52' W. ; 
lat. 17° 56' N. 

MORANT KEYS, or Ranas, small islands 
in the Caribbean sea, 36 m. SE. from Jamaica. 
Lon. 75° 40' W. ; lat. 17° 35' N. 

MOREAU, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on the Hud- 
son, 16 m. NE. from Balston Spa, 50 N. from 
Albany. Pop. 1,690. It is at the great bend 
of the Hudson, and here are two falls in the 
river, Baker's Falls and Glenn's Falls. 

MOREAU, r. Miso. which runs into the 
SW. side of the Missouri. 

MORETOWN, t. Washington co. Vt. on 
Onion river, 7 m. W. from Montpelier. Pop. 
816. 

MORGAN, co. Va. bounded by Berkshire 
SE. Hampshire SW. and on all other sides by 
the Potomac river or Maryland. Length 30 m. 
mean width 15. Chief town, Frankfort. Pop. 
in 1820, 2,500; in 1830, 2,692. 

MORGAN, co. Geo. bounded by Putnam 
SE. Jasper SW. Walton NW. and the Oconee 
river, or Clarke and Greene NE. Length 
22 m. mean width 20 m. Chief town, Madi- 
son. Pop. in 1820, 13,520 ; in 1830, 12,023, 
of whom 6,877 are colored. 

MORGAN, co. Ohio, bounded N, by Musk- 
ingum arid Guernsey, E. by Monroe, and S. 
by Washington and Athens. Length 32 m. 
breadth 18. Surface broken and hilly, though 
much of the soil is excellent. Chief town, 
M'Connelsville. Pop. in 1820, 5,297 ; in 1830, 
11,796. 

MORGAN, t. Morgan co. Ohio, including 
M'Connelsville, the county seat. 

MORGAN, SW. t. Butler co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,965. 

MORGAN, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 652. 

MORGAN, t. Gallia co. Ohio. Pop. 371 . 

MORGAN, v. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 262 m. 
NE. from Columbus. 

MORGAN, co. E. Ten. bounded by Cum- 
berland and Wayne cos. Ken. N. Campbell E. 
Anderson SE. Roane and Bledsoe S. and Over- 
ton W. Length 40 m. mean width 19. Chief 
town, Montgomery. Pop. in 1820, 1,626; in 
1830,2,582. 

MORGAN, co. Al. on the S. side of the 
Tennessee, Pop. 9,053. Chief town, Somer- 
ville. 

MORGANFIELD, t. and seat of justice, 
Union co. Ken. 12 m. SE. from the mouth of 
Wabash, and 15 SW. from Henderson on 
Ohio. Lat. 37° 41' N. Pop. 292. 

MORGAN'S STORE, Montgomery co.N.C. 
by postroad 113 m. SW. from Raleigh. 

MORGANSVILLE, v. Nottaway co. Va. 
18 m. SW. by W. from Petersburg. 

MORGANTOWN, v. Berks co. Pa. 7 m. 
from Reading. 



MORGANTOWN, v. and seat of justice* 
Monongalia co. Va. on the right bank of Mo- 
nongahela river, 20 m. SSW. Irom Uniontown } 
and 30 by land above Brownsville, Pa. It is 
situated on high ground, and contains the 
usual county buildings, and about 100 houses» 
Lat. 39° 33' N. ; lon. 3° 50' W. from W. 

MORGANTOWN, v. and seat of justice, 
Burke co* N. C. on the right bank of Catawba 
river, 30 m. NW. from Lincolnton. Lat. 35° 
40' N. ; lon. 4° 42 W. from W. 

MORGANTOWN, v. Blount co. Tenn. on 
Tennessee river, 30 m. SW. from Knoxville. 

MORGANTOWN, v. Butler co. Ken. 

MORRICHES, v. Brookhaveh, Suffolk co, 
N. Y. on the S. side of Long Island, 72 m. E* 
from New York. 

MORRIS, co. N. J. bounded by Essex SE. 
Somerset S. Hunterdon SW. Sussex NW. and 
Bergen NE. Length 26 m. mean width 19. 
The Pompton and Rockaway rivers unite and 
form the Passaic, on the eastern border of this 
co. 6 m. above the celebrated Falls of Passaic, 
at the village of Patterson. Soil productive in 
fruits, grain, and pasturage. Chief town, 
Morristown. Pop. in 1820, 21,368 ; in 1830> 
23,580. 

MORRIS, t. Knox co. Ohio. 

MORRIS FLATS, Madison co. N. Y. be* 
tween Morrison and Cazenovia. 

MORRISON, the north-westernmost t. of 
Jackson co. Ohio. 

MORRISTOWN, t. Orleans co. Vt. 19 m. 
N. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,315. 

MORRISTOWN, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 
on the river St. Lawrence, 2 m. below Brock- 
ville. Pop. 1,600. 

MORRISTOWN, t. and cap. Morris co. 
N. J. 19 m. NW. from Newark, 28 WNW. 
from New York, 55 from Trenton, 221 from 
W. Pop. 3,536. It contains the usual county 
buildings, a bank, a printing-press, an academy* 
and 2 churches, 1 for Presbyterins and 1 fot 
Baptists. 

MORRISTOWN, t. Westmoreland co. Pa, 
19 m. W. from Mount Pleasant. 

MORRISTOWN, t. and cap. Buncombe co. 
N.C. 

MORRISTOWN, t. Belmont co, Ohio, 27 
m. from Warren. 

MORRISVILLE, v. in Eaton, Madison co. 
N.Y. containing the court-house. 

MORRISVILLE, bor. and t. Bucks co. Pa. 
on the Delaware, 1 m. below Trenton, 29 above 
Philadelphia. Pop. 531. 

MORRISVILLE, v. Greene co. Pa. 

MORRISVILLE, v. Fauquier co. Va. 

MOSCOW, v. Genesee co. N. Y. 4 m. SW. 
from Genesee. It is a very flourishing village. 
A newspaper is published here. 

MOSCOW, t. Wayne co. Ohio, on Sugar 
creek, 10 m. E. from Wooster. 

MOSCOW, t. Somerset co. Me. 28 m. N. 
from Norridgewock. Pop. 405. 

MOSCOW, t. Livingston co. N. Y. near the 
W. side of Genesee river, 30 m. above Ro- 
chester. 

MOSCOW, small village in the southern 
limits of Clermont co. Ohio. It is situated on 



342 



MOT— MOU 



the N. bank of the Ohio river, 22 m. southerly 
from Williamsburg, and 120 south-westerly 
from Columbus. 

MOTTLE ISLE, island of Vermont, Grand 
Isle co. It is to the NW. from Grand Isle, 
and is 8 m. long and 2 wide. 

MOULTON, v. Lawrence co. Al. 

MOULTONBOROUGH, t. Strafford co. 
N. EL, N. of Lake Winnipiseogee, 65 m. NW. 
from Portsmouth, 48 N. from Concord. Pop. 
1,422. 

MOULTRIEVILLE, v. S. C. on Sullivan's 
Island, 8 m. from Charleston. 

MOUNTAIN, t. Dundas co. U. C. 

MOUNTAIN ISLAND, v. Scott co. Ken. 

MOUNTAIN SHOALS, v. Laurens co. S.C. 

MOUNT AIRY, v. Surrey co. N. C. 

MOUNT BETHEL, t. Somerset co. N. J. 

MOUNT CARMEL, t. Edwards co. II. on 
the Wabash, opposite the entrance of White 
river and Patoka, 24 m. by land below Vin- 
cennes, 25 above Harmony. 

MOUNT CLEMENS, t. and cap. Macomb 
co. Michigan Territory, on the river Huron 
of St. Clair, 4 m. from its mouth, 25 N. from 
Detroit, and 552 from W. 

MOUNT CLIO, v. Sumpter district, S. C. 
52 m. E. from Columbia. 

MOUNT DEFIANCE, mt. m S. part of 
Ticonderoga, N. Y. W. of Lake Champlain. 

MOUNT DESERT, isl. and t. on the coast 
of Maine, in Hancock co. 40 m. E. from Cas- 
tine, 295 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,603. The 
island is 15 m. long, and 12 broad. 

MOUNT DISCOVERY, mt. Essex co. 
N. Y. in the S. part of Lewis. It is one of the 
highest mountains in the co. of Essex. 

MOUNT EPHRAIM, v. Hancock co. Me. 

MOUNT HOLLY, t. Rutland co. Vt. 25 m. 
W. from Windsor. Pop. 1,318. 

MOUNT HOLLY, t. and cap. Burlington 
co. N. J. near Ancocus creek, 23 m. ENE. 
from Philadelphia, 21 from Trenton, 156 from 
W. It is a flourishing town, and contains a 
court-house, a jail, a market-house, a bank, 2 
houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, 
and 1 lor Friends, valuable mills, and 200 
dwelling-houses. 

MOUNT HOPE, v. Orange co. N. Y. 

MOUNT HOPE, v. Shenandoah co. Va. 

MOUNT HOPE, v. Morris co. N, J. about 
4 m. N. of Rockaway. Here is a furnace for 
casting hollow ware. 

MOUNT HOPE, hill, R. I. on the W. 
«hore of Mount Hope Bay, in the township of 
Bristol, 2 m. NE. of the town. It is of a coni- 
cal form, with an acute and nearly pointed 
apex; and though of inconsiderable height, 
{less than 300 feet above full tide,) the pros- 
pect from the summit is peculiarly interesting. 
It is famous for being the former residence of 
king Philip. 

MOUNT HOPE BAY, NE. part of Nar- 
raganset Bay, extending up between Tiverton 
and Bristol, and a short distance into Massa- 
chusetts. Taunton river flows into the NE. 
part of it. 

MOUNT HOREB, t. Nelson co. Va. 

MOUNT INDEPENDENCE, mt. Orwell, 



Vt. on E. side of Lake Champlain, opposite 
the old fort of Ticonderoga. 

MOUNT JOY, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 

MOUNT LAUREL, t. Halifax co. Va. 

MOUNT MAGOLIA, v. Rapides co. La. 

MOUNT PISGAH, v. Iredell co. N. C. 

MOUNT PLEASANT, t. Westchester co. 
N. Y. on E. side of the Hudson, 36 m. N. from 
New York, 265 from W. Pop. 4,932. This 
town possesses considerable trade. 

MOUNT PLEASANT, t. Westmoreland 
co. Pa. 10 m. NW. from Washington. 

MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Lancaster co. Pa. 

MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Halifax co. Va 

MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Shenandoah co. 
Va. 13 m. SW. from Woodstock. 

MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Jefferson co. 
Ohio, 10 m. NE. from St. Clairsville, 20 SW. 
from Steubenville. It is a flourishing town, 
and contains a market-house, a bank, and a 
Friends' meeting-house. In the vicinity there 
are a woollen manufactory, a paper-mill, and 
other valuable mills. 

MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Martin co. In. 
142 m. SSW. from Indianapolis. 

MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Maury co. Ten. 
50 m. SW. from Murfreesborough. 

MOUNT PLEASANT, P.O., E. Baton 
Rouge Parish, Louisiana, 106 m. NW. from 
New Orleans. 

MOUNT PLEASANT, mills and t. Union 
co. Pa. 46 m. N. from Harrisburg. 

MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Rockingham co. 
N. C. 135 m. NW. from Raleigh. 

MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Fairfield co. S.C. 
44 m. N. from Columbia. 

MOUNT PLEASANT, t. Columbia co. Pa. 

MOUNT PLEASANT, t. Wayne co. Pa. 
Pop. 874. 

MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Md. in Caroline 
and Queen Anne cos. 11 m. E. from Churchill. 

MOUNT PLEASANT, t. Jefferson co. Ken. 
It contains a society of Friends. 

MOUNT PLEASANT, t. Hamilton co. 
Ohio, 10 m. from Cincinnati, 12 from Hamil- 
ton. Pop. 219. 

MOUNT PROSPECT, v. Edgecombe co. 
N. Carolina. 

MOUNT RICHARDSON, t. Jackson co. 

MOUNT SOLUS, v. Hinds co. Mis. 70 m. 
S. from Jackson. 

MOUNT STEPHEN'S, v. Rockingham co. 
Virginia. 

MOUNT STERLING, v. Switzerland co. 
In. 103 m. SE. from Indianapolis. 

MOUNT STERLING, t. and cap. Mont- 
gomery co. Ken. 60 m. from Frankfort, and 
501 from W. Pop. 561. It contains a court- 
house, -jail, bank, and academy. 

MOUNT TABOR, t. Rutland co. Vt. 26 m. 
W. from Windsor. Pop. 210. 

MOUNT TIRZAH, v. Person co. N. C 

MOUNT TOM, mt. Mass. on the W. side 
of Connecticut river, near Northampton. 

MOUNT UPTON, v. on Unadilla river, op. 
posite the mouth of Butternut creek, Chenango 
co. N. Y. 10 m. SE. from Norwich. 

MOUNT VERNON, v. Chester co. Pa. 



343 




MOUNT VERNON. 



MOUNT VERNON, seat of Gen. Washing- 
ton, pleasantly situated on the W. bank of Po- 
tomac river, 18 m. below the city of Washing- 
ton, and 9 m. below Alexandria. 

MOUNT VERNON, t. Boone co. Ken. on 
the Ohio, 24 m. from Cincinnati. 

MOUNT VERNON, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 
14 m. NW. from Augusta, or Kennebeck river. 
Pop. 1,439. 

MOUNT VERNON, t. Hillsborough co. 
N. H. 92 m. S. from Concord. Pop. 763. 

MOUNT VERNON, v. and seat of justice, 
Montgomery co Geo. lat. 32° 13' N. 

MOUNT VERNON, t. and seat of justice, 
Knox co. Ohio, on the N. bank of Owl creek, 
20 m. from its mouth. The town contains a 
printing-office, a brick court-house and jail, a 
merchant-mill, and a saw-mill, and within 6 
m. there are 9 grist ana saw-mills, 3 carding- 
machines, one of which is for cotton. Dis- 
tance 40 m. W. from Coshocton, 54 NW. from 
Zanesville, and 44 NE. from Columbus. Lat. 
40° 24' N. ; Ion. from W. 5° 32' W. 

MOUNT VERNON, v. and seat of justice, 
Rockcastle co. Ken. 75 m. SE. from Frankfort. 
Lat. 37° 24' N. 

MOUNT VERNON, v. Bullit co. Ken. 25 
m. SSE. from Louisville. 

MOUNT VERNON, v. on the right bank 
of Ohio river, Posey co. In. 5 m. above the 
mouth of Wabash river. 

MOUNT VERNON, v. Jefferson co. II. 69 
m. S. from Vandalia. 

MOUNTVILLE, v. Loudon co. Va. 

MOUNT VINTAGE, v. Edgefield district, 
S. Carolina. 

MOUNT WASHINGTON, the highest of 
the White mountains, N. H. According to the 
measurement of Capt. Partridge, it is 6,634 
feet above the level of the sea. 

MOUNT WASHINGTON, t. Berkshire co. 
Mass. 20 m. SSE. from Lenox. Pop. 345. 

MOUNT ZION, v. Union co. Ken. 236 m. 
SW. by W. from Frankfort. 

MOUNT ZION, v. Hancock co. Geo. 26 m. 
NE. from Milledgeville. 

MOUNT ZION, v. Monroe co. Miso. 176 
m. from St. Charles. 

MOXAHALA, or Jonathan's Creek, rising 
ji the N. part of Perry co. Ohio, flows. E. across 



Muskingum co. into Muskingum river, which 
it enters, 3 m. below Zanesville. 

MUD CREEK, N. Y. joins Canandaigua 
creek in Phelps. 

MUDDY RIVER, II. runs into the Missis- 
sippi. It is navigable 40 m. 

MUDGE, Point, cape on an island in the 
Gulf of Georgia, on the NW. coast of America 
Lon. 235° 9' E. ; lat. 50° N. 

MUD ISLAND, fortified isl. Pa. in Dela- 
ware river, 7 m. below Philadelphia. 

MUHLENBURG, co. Ken. Pop. 5,341. 
Chief town, Greenville. 

MULBERRY, r. runs into the N. side of 
the Arkansas, below Fort Smith. 

MULLEN'S ISLAND, isl. Florida, in the 
Gulf of Mexico. Lon. 82° 55' W. ; lat. 28° 1' N. 

MULLICO HILL, v. Gloucester co. N. J. 

MULLICUS, r. N. J. runs into Little Egg- 
harbor, 4 m. E. from Leeds. It is navigable 
20 m. for vessels of 60 tons. 

MULTNOMAH, or Wallaumut, r. falls into 
the Columbia from the S. about 100 m. from 
the Pacific. It is 500 yards wide near its 
mouth, and very deep. 

MUNCEY, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 1,564. 

MUNCEY CREEK, Pa. runs into the E. 
side of the Susquehannah, 23 m. above North 
umberland. 

MUNDFORDVILLE, t. Hardin co. Ken 
on Green river, 30 m. below Greensburg, and 
30 from Litchfield. 

MUNSTER, v. Cambria co. Pa. 

MURFREESBOROUGH, t. Hertford co. 
N. C. at the head of navigation on Meherrin 
river, 50 m. NW. from Edenton. It is a place 
of considerable trade. The public buildings 
are an academy and a Methodist church. 

MURFREESBOROUGH, t. Rutherford co. 
Ten. and former capital of the state, 32 m. SE. 
from Nashville, 160 W. from Knoxville. Lat. 
35° 52' N. ; lon. 86° 35' W. The surround- 
ing country is level and very fertile, abounding 
with wheat, cotton, and tobacco. The town 
was made the seat of government in 1817, and 
contains a court-house, jail, academy, bank, 
meeting-house, and about two hundred nouses; 
and, in 1818, more than 1,000 inhabitants. 
The seat of government has since been remov- 
ed to Nashville. 



344 



MUR — NAN 



MURPHY'S SETTLEMENT, v. St. Gene- 
vieve co. Missouri, on the road from St. Louis 
to Arkansas and Red rivers. 

MURR ISLANDS, small islands near the 
S. coast of Labrador. Lon. 59° 8' W. ; lat. 
50° 32' N. 

MURRAY, t. Northumberland co. U. C. on 
the bay of Quinte, at the mouth of the river 
Trent. 

MURRAY, t. Orleans co. N Y. on Lake 
Ontario, 18 m. NE. from Batavia. Pop, 3,138. 

MURRAY BAY, or Malbay, Seigniory of 
Northumberland co. L. C. on the N. side of the 
St, Lawrence, 66 m. NE. from Quebec. 

MURRAY HARBOR, harbor on the E. 
coast of the island of St John, in the Gulf of 
St. Lawrence. Lon. 62° 2C W. • lat. 46° N. 

MURRAY'S FERRY, v. Williamsburg co. 
S. Carolina. 

MUSCLE CANAL, strait on the NW. coast 
of America, leading into Carter's bay. 

MUSCLE SHOALS, in Tennessee river, 
250 m. above its mouth, and the same distance 
below the Suck. They extend about 25 m. ; 
the river spreads to the width of 3 m. and is 
full of islands. The passage of the shoals is 
difficult, except when the river is high. 

MLS HAN AN, r. Pa. which forms the bound- 
ary between Centre and Huntingdon cos. and 
falls into a branch of the Susquehannah. 

MUSKINGUM, co. Ohio, on the Muskin- 
gum r. bounded on the N. by Coshocton, E. by 
Guernsey, S. by Morgan, and W. by Perry and 
Licking cos. It is 28 by 27 m. in extent. 
Pop. in 1820, 17,824; in 1830, 29,325. Chief 
town, Zanesville. 

MUSKINGUM, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. 

MUSKINGUM, r. Ohio, rises in Portage 
co. and running S. 200 m. joins the Ohio at 
Marietta. At its mouth, it is 250 yards wide. 
It is navigable 100 m. to Coshocton for large 
boats, and for small boats, to its source; whence 
there is a portage of only one mile to the Cuy- 
ahoga, which runs into Lake Erie. At Zanes- 
ville there are considerable rapids in the river. 

MUSKONGUS, r. Lincoln co. Maine, which 
flows through Waldoborough into a bay of the 
same name. Muskongus island, in this bay, 
contains 1,000 acres. 

MYERSTOWN, t. Dauphin co. Pa. 32 m. 
E. from Harrisburg. 

MYSTIC, r. Mass. which flows into Boston 
harbor. It is navigable for sloops to Medford, 
4 m. 

MYSTIC RIVER, v. New London co. Ct. 
N. 

NAAMAN'S CREEK, r. Delaware, which 
runs into the river Delaware, near the line of 
Pa. 

NACOGDOCHES, formerly Assinaye, t. 
Texas, near the head waters of the Netches. 
Lon. 94° 17' W.; lat. 31° 27' N. It is a small 
town, having a few farms in its vicinity. 

NAGRACA, r. Missouri territory, which 
joins the Arkansas about lon. 99° 20 W. It 
is navigable 150 m. 

NAHANT, a peninsula, Mass. in the town- 
ehip of Lynn, 9 m. S. from Salem, 14 m. NE. 



from Boston. It is connected with the main 
land by a narrow isthmus, more than a mile 
and a half in length. It is divided into Great 
Nahant, Little Nahant, and Bass Neck. On 
Great Nahant, the eastern division, containing 
305 acres of highly cultivated and fertile land, 
there are several dwelling-houses. At the east 
end, at low water, in the pools among the large 
rocks, is found the Animal Flower, or Rose 
Fish, adhering to small stones in water 4 or 5 
feet deep. There is a chasm 30 feet in depth 
on the northern shore, called the Spouting 
Horn, into which, at about half-tide, the water 
rushes with great violence and a tremendous 
sound. 

N AH ANTIC K, bay, Ct. 3 m. W. of the 
mouth of the Thames. 

NAIN, Moravian settlement in Pennsyl 
vania, on Lehigh river, established in 1763; 
50 m. N. from Philadelphia. 

NAMASKET, r. Mass. which joins Bridge, 
water river, N. of Middleborough, to form the 
river Taunton. 

NANCEVILLE, v. Harrison co. In. 

NANGIRA, or Neongee, r. southerly branch 
of the Osage. About 20 m. from its mouth 
there is a cascade of 90 feet perpendicular, 
and near it are two smaller ones. 

NANJEMOY, t. and port of entry, Charles 
co. Md. near the river Nanjemoy, which flows 
into the Potomac, SW. from Port Tobacco. It 
is a place of some trade. 

NANSEMOND, co. SE. part of Va. bound- 
ed NW. by Isle of Wight co. E. by Norfolk 
co. S. by N. C. and W. by Southampton co. 
Pop. 11,784. Chief town, Suffolk. 

NANSEMOND, r. Va. which runs into the 
Hampton Road. It is navigable for vessels of 
100 tons to Suffolk, and for those of 250 to 
Sleepy-Hole. 

NANTASKET ROAD, the entrance into 
Boston harbor, Mass. S. of the light-house. 

NANTICOKE, v. Broome co. N. Y. 
_ NANTICOKE, creek of Broome co. N. Y. 
rises between Chenango and Owego rivers, and 
falls into the Susquehannah about midway be- 
tween Chenango Point and Owego. 

NANTICOKE, r. Md. which rises in Dela- 
ware, and runs SW. into Fishing Bay in the 
Chesapeake. 

NANTICOKE FALLS, in Pa. on the Sus- 
quehannah, 7J m. below Wilkesbarre. 

NANTUCKET, isl. Mass. 10 m. E. from 
Martha's Vineyard, about 8 leagues S. from 
Cape Cod. Lon. 69° 56' to 70° 13' W. ; lat. 
41° 13' to 41° 22' N, It is of triangular form, 
about 15 m. long, and 11 broad in the widest 
place, containing 29,380 acres. The land is 
held in common by the inhabitants, and though 
of a good quality, is little cultivated by them,, 
as they are generally occupied in the whale 
fishery, in which employment their enterprise, 
and success have gained them great celebrity. 
Nantucket, with several small islands near it,, 
forms a county, and contains but one town 
which is of the same name with the island. 
Pop. in 1820, 7,266 ; in 1830, 7,202. 

NANTUCKET, t. and s-p. on the abo\e 
island, 40 m. SE. from Falmouth 60 SE" f* 



NAN— NAT 



345 



New Bedford, 123 SSE. from Boston. Lon. 70° 
8' W.; lat. 41° 16' N. It is situated on an 
Micm of a small bay in the NW. side of the 
island. This bay is formed by two projecting 
points, the longer of which, extending in a 
NW. direction, is called Sandy Point, on which 
is a light-house. The town contains between 
700 and 800 dwelling-houses, several houses 
of public worship, 2 banks, two insurance offi- 
ces, a woollen manufactory, and 30 spermaceti 
works, which employ a capital of $600,000. 
The harbor is well land-locked, and safe from 
all winds. There is a large amount of ship- 
ping belonging to this port employed in whaling. 

NANTUXET CREEK, r. N. J. which runs 
into Delaware Bay. Lon. 75° 16' W. ; lat. 39° 
21' N. 

NAPLES, t. Ontario co. N. Y. 18 m, S. from 
Canandaigua, 216 m. W. from Albany. Pop. 
1,943. 

NAPLES BAY, or Henderson Bay, extends 
from Hungry Bay, SW. into Henderson, N. Y. 

NARRAGANSET, a beautiful bay which 
opens into the southern coast of R. I. between 
Seaconnet rocks on the E, and Point Judith 
on the W. extending N. 28 m. to the city of 
Providence, where it terminates. It has an 
average width of about 10 m. varying from 1 
to 15. It has been suggested by the navy 
commissioners, that this bay would afford the 
most eligible site for a naval depot that could 
be found NE. of the Chesapeake. 

NARRAGUAGUS, v. Washington co. Me. 
on the Narraguagus, 37 m, W. from Machias. 

NARRAGUAGUS, r. Me. which runs into 
Narraguagus Bay, at Harrington. 

NARROWS, The, channel between Long 
Island and Staten Island, connecting New 
York Bay with the Atlantic, 9 m. S. from N. 
York, The channel is a little more than a 
mile wide, and is well defended by forts and 
batteries. 

NARROWS, The, in Lake George, N. Y. 
opposite Bolton, 14 m. N. from Caldwell. 

NASH, co. central part of N. C. Pop. 8,492. 
Chief town, Nashville. 

NASHUA, r. which rises in Worcester co. 
Mass. and runs NE. into the Merrimack at 
Nashua Village, in Dunstable, N. H. 1£ m. 
above the meeting-house. Length 40 m. 

NASHAUN, one of the Elizabeth islands, 
Mass. E. of Buzzard's Bay, NW. of Martha's 
'Vineyard. 

NASHVILLE, t. and cap. Davidson co. and 
capital of the state of Tennessee, on S. side 
of the Cumberland, 110 m. N. from Huntsville., 
190 W. from Knoxville, 250 SW. from Lex- 
ington, 430 NE. by N. from Natchez, 714 SW. 
from Washington, 594 NE. from New Orleans, 
294 SW. from Cincinnati, 288 S. from Indian- 
apolis, and 937 SW. from N. Y. A branch of 
the U. S. bank has been fixed here, and has 
greatly favored the growth of the place. The 
town is adorned with one of the largest and 
handsomest market-houses in the western coun- 
try, It is the seat of the university of Nash- 
ville, which, in regard to its professorships, 
library, chemical and philosophical apparatus, 
2 T 



the estimation of its president, and the actual 
fruits of its utility, has taken a high place 
among western institutions of the kind. It 
was founded in 1806, and the number of stu- 
dents ranges from 70 to 100. Number of vol- 
umes in the libraries, 2,500. The commence- 
ment is on the first Wednesday in October. 
There are two vacations in a year ; the first, 
from commencement 5J weeks ; the second, 
from first Wednesday in April 5| weeks. This 
town contains, also, a number of churches, a 
lyceum, and many handsome private dwellings. 
It issues four or five gazettes, which rank 
among the most respectable in the West. The 
citizens in general evince an encouraging in- 
terest in the advancement of science, litera- 
ture, and taste. Few towns impart more 
pleasant impressions of general hospitality and 
urbanity to strangers. It contains 5,566 in- 
habitants. There is a steam-boat navigation 
from Nashville to New Orleans. The Cumber- 
land is navigable to this place for vessels of 
30 or 40 tons, 9 months in the year, and at 
certain times, for ships of 400 tons. 

NASHVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Nash 
co. N.C. 50 m. NE, by E. from Raleigh, 273 
from W. 

NASSAU, cap. of the island of New Provi- 
dence, one of the West Indies. Lon. from W 
0° 50' W. ; lat. 24° 55' N. 

NASSAU, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 15 m SE 
from Albany. Pop. 3.254. 

NASSAU, r. Florida, rising between St. 
John's and St. Mary's rivers, and flowing pa- 
rallel to each, falls into the Atlantic Ocean be- 
tween Talbot ana Amelia islands, after a com- 
parative course of about 70 m. Lat. 30° 44' 
N,j lon. 81° 42' W. 

NASSAU ROAD, sailing passage, on the 
coast of Mississippi, W. of Mobile Bay. 

NAT A, or Santiago de los Cabarehos, city 
of N, America, in Veragua. Lon. from W. 3° 
17' W, ; lat. 8° 22' N. 

NATCHAUG, r. Ct. which joins the She- 
tucket, in Windham. 

NATCHEZ, city and port of entry, Adams 
co. Mississippi, on E. bank of the Mississippi, 
322 m. above New Orleans by the course of 
the river, 156 by land, 90 W. from Monticello, 
430 SW. by S. from Nashville, and 1,146 from 
W. The site of the town is very irregular, 
the principal part being built on a high bluff, 
and the remainder at its foot on the bank of 
the river. The streets of the upper town are 
regular, crossing at right angles. It contains 
a court-house, jail, a bank, an academy, several 
churches, and issues 3 or 4 weekly newspapers. 
Pop. 2,790. 

NATCHITOCHES, t. and cap. Natchito- 
ches co. La. on the SW. bank of Red river, 
about 200 m. above its junction with the Mis- 
sissippi, 200 in a right line NW. from New 
Orleans, and 1,448 from W. Lon. 93° 10' W.; 
lat. 31° 46' N. This town was settled before 
New Orleans, but continued until lately an in- 
considerable village. It is now flourishing, and 
contains a Roman Catholic church, a jail, a 
U, S. factory, and about 800 inhabitants. 



'—NET 




NATURAL BRIDGE. 

NATURAL BRIDGE, in Rockbridge co. 
Va. This bridge, which is over Cedar creek, 
is one of the greatest natural curiosities in the 
world. See page 95. 

NAUGATUCK, r. Ct. which flows S. and 
joins the Housatonnuc, at Derby. Length 50 
miles. 

NAVESINK, harbor on the coast of Mon- 
mouth co. N. J. 5 m. NW. from Shrewsbury. 
The Navesink Hills, 282 feet high, are the first 
land seen in approaching the coast. 

NAVY, t. Orleans co. Vt. 60 m. NE. from 
Montpelier. 

NAVY ISLAND, in the Niagara, between 
Grand Isle and the Falls ; 1 m. long, and 1 
broad ; 15 m. NNE. from Navy Hall. 

NAZARETH, t. Northampton co. Pa. 7 m. 
NW. from Easton, 10 NNE. from Bethlehem, 
62 N. from Philadelphia. This is a pleasant 
and handsome town, regularly built of stone, 
and contains a celebrated Moravian academy. 

NEEDHAM, t. Norfolk co. Mass. on the 
river Charles, opposite Newton, 6 m. WNW. 
from Dedham, 12 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 
1,420. Between this town and Newton the 
river has 2 falls ; one of 20 feet. These afford 
many excellent mill-seats ; and on Needham 
side there are 3 paper-mills, besides other 
mills. 

NEHOG ATOO ANN AH, r. America, which 
runs into the Mississippi, Ion. 93° 5' W. ; lat. 

44° 24' N. 

NEHUMIKEAG, isl. in the Kennebeck, 
14 m. above the Merrymeeting Bay. 

NELSON, formerly Packersfield, t. Cheshire 
co. N. H. 8 m. NE. from Keene, 40 WSW. 
from Concord. Pop. 875. Here is a cotton 
and woollen manufactory. 

NELSON, t. Madison co. N. Y. 35 m. SW. 
from Utica. Pop. 2,445. 



NELSON, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 

NELSON, t. Portage co. Ohio. 

NELSON, English settlement in N. Ameri- 
ca, on the W. side of Hudson's Bay, at the 
mouth of the river Nelson, 250 in. SE. of 
Churchhill Fort. It belongs to the Hudson's 
Bay Company, who carry on a great trade in 
beaver and other skins. Lon. 92° 35' W. ; lat. 
57° 7' N. 

NELSON, co. Va. bounded by James river 
or Buckingham SE. Amherst SW. the Blue 
Ridge or Rockbridge and Augusta NW. and 
Albemarle NE. Length 23 m, mean width 15, 
Besides being washed by James river, it is 
drained by Rock Fish and Tye rivers. War- 
minster, the chief town, is about 60 m. a little 
N. of W. from Richmond. Pop. in 1820, 
10,137 ; in 1830, 11,251, of whom 5,308 are 
colored. 

NELSON, co. Ken. bounded E. and SE. by 
Washington, S. and SW. by the Rolling fork 
of Salt river, or Hardin, NW. by Bullit, and 
N. by Salt river or Shelby. Length 30 miles, 
mean width 17. Chief town, Bairdstown. Pop. 
in 1820, 16,273 ; in 1830, 14,916. 

NELSON'S FORT, a British factory at the 
mouth of Nelson's river. Lon. from W. 15° 
42' W. • lat. 57° 12' N. 

NELSON'S RIVER, large r. of N. Ameri- 
ca, in Cabotia, or British America. It rises 
in Lake Winnipeg, and flowing about 350 nr. 
in a NE. direction, empties into Hudson's Bay, 
in lat. 57° 30' N. ; lon. 93° W. 

NELSON'S FERRY, v. S.C. 50 m.N. from 
Charleston. 

NEMAHA, r. La. which runs into the Mis- 
souri, 380 m. from the Mississippi. 

NEN. r. U. C. empties itself into Lake On. 
tario, in the t. of Pickering. 

NEOPSCO CREEK, r. Va. which runs int» 
the Potomac. 

NEPANOSE, t. Lycoming co. Pa. on W. 
branch of the Susquehannah. Near this town 
is a remarkable valley. 

NEPONSET, a handsome village, partly in 
Milton and partly in Dorchester, Norfolk co. 
Mass. on both sides of Neponset river, 6 m, S. 
from Boston. It has a number of establish- 
ments, where paper, chocolate, cards, and other 
articles, are manufactured ; also fulling-mills, 
corn-mills, and various others. 

NEPONSET, creek of Boston harbor, navi- 
gable four miles to Milton, for vessels of 150 
tons. 

NESCOPECK, r. Luzerne co. Pa. which 
runs into the Susquehannah, at Nescopeck 
Falls. 

NESCOPECK, t. Luzeme co. Pa, at the 
junction of the Nescopeck with the Susque- 
hannah, about 38 m. ENE. from Northumber- 
land. 

NESCOPECK, mt. Pa. on the borders of 
the Susquehannah. 

NESHAMINY, r. Bucks co. Pa. which runs 
SE. into the Delaware, 5 or 6 m. below Bristol. 

NESHNABATONA, r. La. which runs into 
the Missouri, 508 m. from the Mississippi. 

NETCHEZ, r. Louisiana, which runs south* 



NES — NEW 



347 



erly, west of the state of Louisiana, and flows 
into the Sabine Lake. 

NEUS, river of N. C. which enters Pamlico 
Sound, below Newbern, where it is a mile and 
a half broad. It rises in Person co. interlock- 
ing sources with Dan river, branch of Roan- 
oke, and flowing through Granville, Orange, 
Wake, Johnson, Wayne, Lenoir, and Craven 
cos. empties into Pamlico Sound. It is navi- 
gable for boats to Raleigh. 

NEVERSINK, or Navesink, t. Sullivan co. 
N. Y. Pop. 946. It lies on E. side of Rock- 
land. 

NEVERSINK, r. Ulster co. N. Y. It lies 
on E. side of Rockland, and runs into the 
Delaware. 

NEVERSINK HILLS. See Navesink. 

NEVILLA, t. Clermont co. Ohio. 

NEVILLSVILLE, v. Clermont co. Ohio, 
containing about 200 inhabitants, 30 m. above 
Cincinnati. 

NEVIS, one of the leeward Caribbee islands 
in the West Indies, divided from the E. end 
of St Christopher's by a narrow channel. It 
ftas but one mountain, which is in the middle, 
very high, and covered with large trees to 
the summit. Here are springs of fresh water 
and a hot bath, of a nature similar to those of 
Bath, in Eng. It is a small island, but very 
fruitful, and subject to the English. Charles- 
ton is the capital. 

NEW ALBANY, v. Bradford co. Pa. 

NEW ALBANY, handsomely situated t. 
and seat of justice for Floyd co. In. It is situ- 
ated on the right bank of Ohio river, 4 m. be- 
low Louisville, and 2 below Shippingport in 
Ken. It contains about 1,500 inhabitants, a 
steam, saw and grist mill, and a ship-yard. 

NEW ALEXANDRIA, v. Westmoreland 
co. Pa. on Loyalhanna river, 11 m. NE. from 
Greensburg. 

NEW ALEXANDRIA, small town of Co- 
lumbiana co. Ohio. 

NEW ANTRIM, t Orange co. N. Y. situ- 
ated on the post and stage-road, from N. Y. to 
Albany, 34 m. N. by W. of the former, and 33 
SE. of Goshen. 

NEWARK, U. C. is situated on the W. side, 
at the entrance of Niagara river, opposite the 
fortress of Niagara, on Lake Ontario. This 
town was laid out in the year 1794. It now 
contains about 150 persons, 2 churches, a jail, 
and academy. The first provincial parliament 
met at this place, and the public offices of gov- 
ernment have been held pro tempore here. 

NEWARK, v. and seat of justice, Essex co. 
N. J. situated on the W. side of Passaic river, 
on a plain ; the streets are wide and generally 
straight Here are two banks, and several ex- 
tensive tanneries, and other manufacturing es- 
tablishments. There are extensive quarries of 
valuable building stone in its vicinity. It is 9 
m. W. of N. Y. and 6 NNE. from Elizabeth- 
town. 

NEWARK, v. Tioga co. N. Y. 
NEWARK, v. Ontario co. N. Y. 
NEWARK, t. Newcastle co. Del. 14 m. 
SW. from Wilmington. 



NEWARK, v. Worcester co. Md. 

NEWARK, v. Louisa co. Va. 25 m. NW. 
from Richmond. 

NEWARK, t. and seat of justice, Licking 
co. Ohio. It is situated near the confluence 
of the principal branches of Licking river, 26 
m. W, by N. from Zanesville, 26 N. by E. from 
Lancaster, and 33 E. by N. from Columbus. 
It contains a Presbyterian meeting-house, and 
a court-house of brick. Pop. 511. 

NEWARK BAY, sheet of water extending 
from State n Island Sound to the mouth of Pas- 
saic and Hackensack rivers, in a direction of 
NNE. 2 m. wide and 6 long". 

NEW ASHFORD, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 
25 m. N. from Lenox. Pop. 285. 

NEW ATHENS, v. in the southern part 
of Harrison co. Ohio, 6 m. S. from Cadiz. It 
is seated on both sides of the lme, dividing 
Cadiz from Short creek, lying, therefore, partly 
in both of those two towns. 

NEW ATHENS, or Tiogatovcn, v. Bradford 
co. Pa. It is situated near the confluence of 
the Tioga river, and the E. branch of the Sus- 
quehannah ; a situation very convenient to 
intercept the trade of both rivers. 

NEW BALTIMORE, v. and t. Greene co. 
N. Y. on the Hudson, 18 m. below Albany. 
Pop. 2,370. 

NEW BALTIMORE, v. Fauquier co. Va. 
45 m. from W. 

NEW BARBADOES, t. Bergen co. N. J. 
Pop. 1,693. 

NEW BEDFORD, v. and seaport of Mass. 
in Bristol co. on a small arm of Buzzard bay. 
It has a secure harbor. The principal occu- 
pation of the inhabitants is fishing, preparing 
whale oil, spermaceti, and candles, which arti- 
cles they export in considerable quantities. 

NEW BEDFORD, p. Mahoning t. Mercer 
co. Pa. 15 m. SW. from Mercer. 

NEW BERLIN, t Chenango co. N. Y. 
Pop. 2,643. 

NEW BERLIN, v. and seat of justice, Union 
co. Pa. on Penn's creek, 11 m. W. from Sun- 
bury, and 168 from W. 

NEWBERN, v. Montgomery co. Va. 

NEWBERN, capital of Craven co. N. C. 
situated on the S. bank of the river Neuse, at 
its junction with the Trent, 33 m. S. of Wash- 
ington, on Pamlico river, and 81 S. by W. of 
Edenton, on Albemarle Sound. This is a vil- 
lage and port of entry, the most populous in 
the state, and was the seat of government be- 
fore the revolution. 

NEWBERNVILLE, v. Oneida co. N. Y 
25 m. from Utica. 

NEWBERRY, district of S. C. bounded by 
Lexington SE. Saluda river or Edgefield SW. 
Laurens NW. Ennoree river or Union N. and 
Broad river or Fairfield NE. Length 25, mean 
width 20 m. The soil is productive in cotton, 
which is the principal staple. Chief town, 
Newberry. Pop. in 1820, 16,104; in 1830, 
17,441. 

NEWBERRY, v. Burlington co. N. J. 
NEWBERRY, v. Christian co. Ken. 
NEWBERRY, v. Lycoming co. Pa. on the 



348 



NEW— NEW 



W. bank of Lycoming creek, opposite Wil- 
li amsport. 

NEWBERRY, t. and seat of justice, New- 
berry district, S. C. 40 m; NW. from Colum- 
bia. 

NEW BLOOMFIELD, v. Perry co. Pa. 25 
m. SW. from Harrisburg. 

NEW BOSTON, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 
Pop. 1,680* It is situated on a branch of the 
Merrimack fiver, 50 m. westward from Ports- 
mouth. 

NEW BOSTON, v, Berkshire co. Mass. 119 
m. westerly from Boston. 

NEW BOSTON, v. Madison co. N. Y. 30 
m. from TJtlca. 

NEW BOSTON, v. Clarke co. Ohio, on the 
western side of Mad river, 4 m. SW. from 
Springfield. 

NEW BOURBON, v. St. Genevieve co. 
Miso. containing about 70 houses and 350 in- 
habitants. It stands 2 m. below St. Genevieve. 

NEW BOWLING GREEN, v. Washing- 
ton co. Miso. 99 m. SSW. from St. Louis. 

NEWBORN, v. Jasper co. Geo. 63 m. NW. 
from Milledgeville. 

NEW BRAINTREE, t. Worcester co. 
Mass. 18 m. WNW. from Worcester. 

NEW BROWNSVILLE, Wayne co. Ohio, 
on Jerome's fork. 

NEW BRUNSWICK. See BrUnswick, 
New. 

NEW BRUNSWICK, In British America. 
See page 167. 

NEWBURGH, t. Penobscot co. Me. 

NEWBURGH, t. and half-shire Orange co. 
N. Y. on the W. bank of the Hudson, 95 m. 
S. of Albany, and 70 on the stage-road N. of 
N. Y. Pop. of the whole town, 6,424. The 
village is pleasantly situated on the Hudson. 
Its trade employs 50 vessels or more. It is 
increasing rapidly in wealth and population. 
It contains a bank, court-house, academy, and 
several houses of public worship, for Presby- 
terians, Episcopalians, and Methodists. On 
Chambers^ Creek is an extensive cannon foun- 
dery. 

NEWBURGH, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, SE. 
of Cleveland. Pop. 869. 

NEWBURY, t. Orange co. Vt. on Connecti- 
cut river, opposite Haverhill, 34 m. ESE. from 
Montpellef, 47 above Windsor. Pop. 2,252. 

NEWBURY, t. Essex co. Mass. on the S. 
bank of Merrimack river, opposite to Salisbury, 
with which it is connected by a bridge, 24 m. 
N. from Salem, 32 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 
3,803. It contains 2 academies, and 5 Con- 
gregational churches. 

NEWBURY, district, S. C. See Newberry. 

NEWBURY, t. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 
594. 

NEWBURYPORT, t. and port of entry, 
Essex co. Mass. on the S. bank of the Merri- 
mack, 3 m. from its mouth, 24 N. from Salem, 
24 SSW. from Portsmouth, 33 NNE. from 
Boston. Lon. 70° 47' W.; lat. 42° 49' N. 
Pop. 6,388. 

NEWBY'S CROSS-ROADS, v. Culpeper 
co. Va 



NEWCASTLE, t Lincoln co. Me. 1 ffi 
NNE. from Wiscasset, 165 NE. from Boston,- 
Pop. 1,544. Here is an academy. 

NEWCASTLE, or Great Island, isl. and V 
Rockingham co. N. H. in the mouth of the 
Piscataqua, 2 m. E. from Portsmouth. Pop. 
592. On the NE. point are a light-house and 
a fort. 

NEWCASTLE, t. Westchester co. N. Y. G 
m. W. from Bedford, 37 N. from New York 
Pop. 1,336. 

NEWCASTLE, co. Delaware, bounded N. 
by Pennsylvania, E. by Delaware river and 
bay, S. by Kent c6j and W. by Maryland. 
The Chesapeake and Delaware eanal crosses 
this co. Length 36 m. mean width 12 ; area 
432 sq. ms. Pop. m 1820, 27,«99 j in 1830, 
29,710. Chief towns, Newcastle and Wil- 
mington. 

NEWCASTLE, t. and cap. Newcastle co. 
Delaware, on W. bank of the river Delaware, 
5 m. SSW. from Wilmington, 33 SW. from 
Philadelphia, 103 from W. Lon. 75° 35' W. ; 
lat. 39° 43' N. It contains 2 houses of public 
worship, 1 for Episcopalians and 1 for Presby- 
terians, a court-house, a jail, an academy, and 
about 150 houses, and has some trade. A 
rail-road passes from this place to French 
town, Md. 

NEWCASTLE, t. Mercer co. Va. 

NEWCASTLE, t. Hanover co. Virginia 
on the Pamunky, 24 miles NE. from Rich- 
mond. 

NEWCASTLE, t. Muskingum Co. Ohio. 

NEWCASTLE, t, and cap. Henry co. Ken. 
on the river Kentucky, 18 m. S< from West* 
port. 556 from W» It contains the county 
buildings, a bank, and about 150 houses. 

NEW CHESTER, t. Grafton co. N. H. on 
the Merrimack, Pop. 1,090. 

NEWCOME, v. Preble co. Ohio, 103 m. 
SW. by W, from Columbus. 

NEWCOMERSTOWN, settlement, in the 
SW. quarter of Tuscarawas co. Ohio, 18 m. 
SW. by W. from New Philadelphia, and 4 E. 
from Coshocton. 

NEW CONCORD, v. Columbia co. N. Y. 
48 m. frOm Albany. 

NEW DURHAM, t. Strafford co. N. H. 40 
m. NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,162. 

NEW EGYPT, v. Monmouth co. N. J. 35 
m. NE. by E. from Philadelphia. 

NEW ENGLAND, name given at an early 
period to all the country that lies between 
Canada and New York, and which at present 
comprises New Hampshire, Massachusetts, 
Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, and 
Maine. 

NEWENHAM, Cape, rocky point of con- 
siderable height^ on the W. coast of N. Ameri- 
ca. It was discovered by Capt. Cook, in 1778. 
Lon. 162° 24' W. ; lat. 58° 42' N. 

NEW FAIRFIELD, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 
Pop. 958. It is situated between Brookfield 
and the state of N. York. 

NEW FANE, t. Windham co. Vt. Pop. 
1,441. It is situated on the E. side of West 
river, 8 m. NW. from Fulham. 



NEW — NEW 



NEW FELICIANA, parish, La. bounded 
N. by Mississippi, E. by Amite river, or parish 
St Helena, S. by East Baton Rouge, and SW. 
by the Mississippi river. St. Francisville is 
the only town worthy of notice. Pop. in 1820, 
12,732 > in 1830, 16,876. 

NEWFIELD, v. Tompkins co. N. Y. 210 
m. W. from Albany, 9 from Ithaca. Pop. 
2,664. 

NEWFIELD, t. York co. Me. 40 m. NNW. 
from York. Pop. 1,289. 

NEWFOUND LAKE, lake, N. H. in He- 
bron, New Chester, Alexandria, and Bridge- 
Water, 6 rri. long from N. to S. and 2\ broad. 

NEWFOUNDLAND, isl. on the E. coast of 
N. America, between 47° and 52 3 N. lat. It 
was discovered by Sebastian Cabot in 1496, 
fcad, after many disputes with the French, it 
was ceded to the English in 1713. It is of a 
triangular form, from 300 to 350 m. on a side. 
It has several harbors, and there are about 5 
or 600 English families settled here, beside 
the garrison of St. John, Placentia, and other 
forts. In the fishing season, which begins in 
May and ends in September, it is resorted to 
by at least 10,000 people, on account of the 
cod fisheries on the banks near it. 

NEWFOUND RIVER, r. N. H. which 
flows from Newfound Lake, and after a south- 
erly course of 4 or 5 m. runs into the Merri- 
mack near Bristol. 

NEWFOUND MILLS, v. Hanover co. Va. 

NEW GARDEN, t. Chester co. Pa. 

NEW GARDEN, v. Robinson co. N. C. 

NEW GARDEN, v. Columbiana co. Ohio. 

NEW GENEVA, v. Fayette co. Pa. 

NEW GEORGIA, islands, 12 in number, 
in the Polar sea-, discovered in 1819, by Lieut. 
Parry. The largest is Melville Island. 

NEW GE RM ANTO WN, V. Huntingdon 
co. N. J. 

NEW GLASGOW, v. Amherst co. Va. 
Here is an academy for young ladies. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE, one of the U. S. See 
p. 48. 

NEW HAMPTON, t. Strafford co. N. H. 
on the Merrimack, 30 m. above Concord. Pop> 
1,904. 

NEW HAMPTON, v. Hunterdon N. J. 21 
m. N. by W. from Flemington, 40 NW. from 
New Brunswick. 

NEW HANOVER, co. N. C. bounded by 
the Atlantic ocean SE. Cape Fear river, or 
Brunswick SW. Bladen W. Sampson NW. 
Duplin N. and Orslon E. Length 50 m. mean 
width 25. Surface mostly flat, and in part 
marshy. Staples, cotton and tobacco. Chief 
town, Wilmington. Pop. in 1820, 10,866 ; in 
1830, 10,759. 

NEW HARTFORD, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 
22 m. W. by N. of the city of Hartford, and 
12 m. NE. of Litchfield, the shire town. Pop. 
1,766. 

NEW HARTFORD, v. Oneida co. N.Y. 
4 m. W. from Utica. 

NEW HAVEN, t. Addison co. Vt. on Ot- 
tcr crcck« 

NEW 'HAVEN, co. Ct. bounded by Long 
Island Sound S. Housatonnuc river, or Fairfield 



SW. Litchfield NW. Hartford N. and Middle- 
sex NE. Length 27 m, mean breadth 22. 
This county is one of the most pleasingly di- 
versified of any in the United States. A chain 
of mountains of moderate elevation, pervades it 
from SSW. to NNE. and the surface is in 
general undulating, except near the Sound. 
Chief town, New Haven. Pop. in 1820, 
39,616 ; in 1830, 43,848. 

NEW HAVEN, city, seaport, and cap. of 
New Haven co. Ct. and semi-capital of the 
state, stands at the head of a bay which opens 
4 m. into the land, from Long Island Sound. 
It is surrounded by a beautiful and extensive 
plain, bounded on all sides, except towards the 
water, by lofty hills, which rise in some places 
to the height of 300 or 400 feet. It is laid out 
with great regularity and neatness ; the streets 
are 64 feet in width, and their intersections 
rectangular. A square in the centre is laid 
out as a public ground. It is adorned with ' 
rows of handsome shade trees and spacious 
walks. On this square stand the public build- 
ings, the college edifices, and 4 churches. For 
beauty, there are few squares in the Union to 
compare with this. Two of the churches are 
for Congregationalists, and are very elegant 
structures. Another is for Episcopalians, and 
is a most superb Gothic edifice of stone. The 
state-house, which stands in front of this 
square, is one of the handsomest buildings of 
the kind in the United States. This city con- 
tains also a Methodist meeting-house, a jail, an 
alms-house, a museum, an observatory, 2 banks, 
a large gun factory, and manufactories of pa- 
per and cotton. Yale College, at this place, 
was founded in 1700, and ranks as the second 
literary institution in the Union. The college 
library contains 8,500 volumes, and the stu- 
dents', 9,000. The philosophical and chemi- 
cal apparatus is excellent and complete. Tho 
faculty consists of a president, 10 professors, 
and 5 tutors. The whole number of stu- 
dents in 1829, divided among the departments 
of law, medicine, theology, and the academic 
course, was 496. Of this number, the college 
students made 269. The requisites for admis- 
sion into the freshman class, are, a good know- 
ledge of Cicero's Select Orations, Virgil, Sal- 
lust, Graeca Minora, the Greek Testament, and 
common Arithmetic. The candidate must alsa 
be 14 years of age. The following is the 
course of study : 1st year, Livy, five first books, 
Homer, 5 or 6 books, Geography, Webber's 
Arithmetic, Day's Algebra, Adams' Roman 
Antiquities ; 2d year, Horace, Grseca Majora, 
Murray's English Grammar, Elements of His- 
tory and Chronology, Euclid, Plain Trigonom- 
etry, Mensuration, Surveying, Navigation, Cc* 
nic Sections, Spherical Geometry and Trigo- 
nometry, and Rhetoric ; 3d year, Cicero de Or- 
atore, and de Officiis, Tacitus' History, 5 books, 
de Vita Agricola, and de Moribus Germanorum, 
Graeca Majora, 1st vol. finished, Vince's Flux- 
ions, Enfield's Natural Philosophy and Astron- 
omy, Ferguson's History of Civil Society, and 
Chemistry ; 4th year, Hebrew, Natural Philo- 
sophy, and Chemistry continued, Locke on the 
I Human Understanding, Hedge's Logic, Blair's 



350 



NEW— NEW 



Rhetoric, Paley's Moral Philosophy, Natural 
Theology, and Evidences of Christianity. The 
students attend the lectures of the several pro- 
fessors on their respective branches, and have 
frequent exercises in speaking and composi- 
tion. Commencement is held on the 2d Wed- 
nesday in September. There are 3 vacations ; 
the 1st from commencement, 6 weeks ; the 2d 
from the 2d Wednesday in January, 3 weeks; 
the 3d from the W ednesday immediately pre- 
ceding the 2d Thursday in May, 3 weeks. 
The whole number of graduates up to 1830, 
was 4,355, of whom 1,257 had devoted them- 
selves to the ministry. There is connected 
with the college, a Medical Institution, which 
was established in 1813, and has 4 professors, 
one of materia medica and botany, one of the 
theory and practice of physic, surgery, and ob- 
stetrics, one of Chemistry and pharmacy, and 
one of anatomy and physiology. The Medical 
College is an elegant edifice of stone. There 
are belonging to this department a valuable 
anatomical museum, and a medical library. 
The lectures commence on the 1st of Novem- 
ber. The course of each professor includes 
about 100 lectures. New Haven is the largest 
seaport in the state. A large amount of ship- 
ping is owned here. Steam-boats run daily 
between it and New York. Pop. 10,180. 

NEW HAVEN, t. Oswego co. N. Y. Pop. 
1,410. 8 P 

NEW HAVEN, v. Huron co. Ohio. 

NEW HAVEN, t. New Haven co. Ct. and 
containing New Haven city. Pop. in 1820, 
8,326; in 1830, 10,678. 

NEW HAVEN, t. in the S. borders of Hu- 
ron co. Ohio. 

NEW HAVEN, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, 129 
m. SW. from Columbus. 

NEW HAVEN, v. Gallatin co. II. 74 m. 
SSE. from Vandalia. 

NEW HOLLAND, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 13 
m. NE. from Lancaster. 

NEW HOPE, v. Spartansburg district, S. C. 

NEW HOPE, v. Hancock co. Geo. 20 m. 
from Milledgeville. 

NEW IBERIA, v. Louisiana, parish of St. 
Martin's, on the right bank of Teche, 48 rn. 
above its mouth, consisting of one street along 
the river, containing about 40 houses, and 200 
inhabitants. The bank is here something 
higher than it is either above or below ; schoon- 
ers drawing 4 or 5 feet water come up to New 
Iberia at all seasons. Lat. 30° N. 

NEWINGTON, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 
on the E. side of Great Bay, 5 m. NW. from 
Portsmouth. Pop. 549. 

NEW INLET, coast of N. J. See Little 
Eggharbor. 

NEW INLET, one of the mouths of Cape 
Fear river, N. C. 

NEW IPSWICH, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 
52 m. N. from Boston. It contains an academy 
and a number of mills. Pop. 1,673. 

NEW JERSEY, one of the states of the 
U.S. See page 74. 

NEW KENT, co. Va. bounded N. by Pa- 
munky river, E. by James City co. S. by Charles 



City and Henrico cos. and W. by Hanover co. 
Pop. 6,457. Chief town, New Kent C. H. 

NEW LEBANON, v. Columbia co. N. Y. 
on the road from Pittsfield to Albany, 24 m. 
from the latter place. This town is remarka- 
ble for a tepid spring which has become a 
watering place of much resort. The Shakers 
own 3,000 acres of land in this town, and have 
a very flourishing settlement near Lebanon 
village. 

NEW LEBANON, v. Camden co. N. C. 
220 m. NE. from Raleigh. 

NEW LEXINGTON, v. Richland co. Ohio, 
on the W. bank of Mohican creek, 10 m. from 
Belleville. 

NEW LEXINGTON, v. Knox co. Ohio, 
13 m. E. from Mount Vernon. 

NEW LEXINGTON, t. in the eastern part 
of Preble co. Ohio, on Twin creek, upon the 
road from Dayton to Eaton, 6 m. E. from 
Eaton, 19 W. from Dayton, and 85 W. by S. 
from Columbus. 

NEW LEXINGTON, v. Scott co. In. 17 
m. W. from Madison. Salt wells have been 
dug here to the great depth of 700 feet. It 
contains about 60 houses, 300 inhabitants, and 
one printing-office. 

NEW LIBERTY, v. Owen co. Ken. 40 m. 
by postroad from Frankfort. 

NEW LISBON, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 10 m. 
SW. from Cooper's-town. Pop. 2,232. 

NEW LISBON, v. Montgomery co. Md. 
near the E. side of Cattail creek, branch of the 
Patuxent, and on Frederick turnpike, 22 m. 
W. from Baltimore. 

NEW LISBON, flourishing v. and seat of 
justice, Columbiana co. Ohio, 35 rn. S. from 
Warren in Trumbull co. 56 m. NE. from Pitts- 
burg, 160 NE. from Columbus. It contains 
some elegant county, buildings, a bank, and 2 
brick meeting-houses. In the vicinity are a 
furnace, glass factory, paper-mill, and other 
valuable mills and manufacturing establish- 
ments. 

NEW LONDON, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 
30 m. NW. from Concord. 

NEW LONDON, SE. co. of Ct. bounded 
by Rhode Island E. by Long Island Sound S. 
by Middlesex co. Ct. W .Hartford and Tolland 
NW. and Windham N. Length 30 m. mean 
width 20. Connecticut river forms part of its 
W. boundary; but beside this stream, New 
London co. is in a remarkable manner in- 
dented with bays and rivers. The soil is pro- 
ductive in fruits, grain, and pasturage. Sta- 
ples, grain, flour, live-stock, lumber, fish, &c. 
Chief town, New London. Pop. 1820, 35,943 ; 
in 1830, 42,295. 

NEW LONDON, city, sea-port, and, alter- 
nately with Norwich, seat of justice for New 
London co. Ct. is situated on the W. side of 
the Thames, 3 m. above its mouth, 14 m. be- 
low Norwich, and 42 SE. from Hartford. Lon. 
4° E. ; lat. 41° N. from W. Beside the ordi- 
nary county buildings, it contains 2 banks, a 
marine insurance office, several churches, and 
2 or 3 printing-offices. Having a depth of 5 
fathoms water, the harbor is the best between 



NEW— NEW 



351 



New York and Newport, and is very seldom 
obstructed by ice. The city is defended by 
forts Griswold and Trumbull, the former on 
Groton side opposite the city, and the latter 
on the New London side of the harbor. Dis- 
tance from W. 354 m. 

NEW LONDON, Ann-Arundel co. Md. 5 
m. SSW. from Annapolis. 

NEW LONDON, v. Campbell co. Va. 18 
in. SW. from Lynchburg. 

NEW LONDON, t. in the SE. quarter of 
Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 407 

NEW LONDON, v. Jefferson co. In. on 
'Ohio river, 30 m. above Louisville. 

NEW LONDON, v. and seat of justice, 
Ralls co. Miso. on Salt river, about 100 m. 
NW. from St. Louis. Lat. 39° 32' N. 

NEW LONDON, t. Campbell co. Va. 123 
m. WSW. from Richmond. It contains a 
court-house, a jail, an academy, and about 130 
houses. 

NEW LONDON, t. Chester co. Pa. 
NEW LONDON CROSS-ROADS, v. Ches- 
ter co. Pa. 

NEW MADISON, v. Darke co. Ohio, 81 
m. a little N. of W. from Columbus. 

NEW MADRID, v. and seat of justice, 
New Madrid co. Miso. 70 m. below the mouth 
of the Ohio. It contains about 60 houses and 
300 inhabitants. Lat. 36° 36' N. ; Ion. 12° 
24' W. from W. 

NEW MADRID, co. Miso. bounded by 
Mississippi river SE. Arkansas Territory S. 
St. Francis river NW. and Cape Girardeau N. 
Length 60 m. mean width 25. Staples, In- 
dian corn, pork, cotton, and other articles. 
Chief town, New Madrid. Pop. in 1820, 2,296 ; 
in 1830, 2,351. 



NEWMARKET, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 
11m. W. from Portsmouth. Pop. 2,013. Lam- 
prey river falls into Great Bay, near the NE. 
corner of this town, where there is a consider- 
able village, and about 2 m. distant from this 
there is another pleasant village, containing an 
academy. Here is a bridge crossing a branch 
of the Piscataqua, which connects this town 
with Stratham. 

NEWMARKET, t. Dorchester co. Md. 9 
m. E. from Cambridge. 

NEWMARKET, t. Frederick co. Md. 13 
m. WSW. from Fredericktown. 

NEWMARKET, t. Shenandoah co. Va. 22 
m. SSW. from Woodstock, 50 NE. from Staun- 
ton. It contains a handsome Episcopal church, 
and 80 or 100 houses. 

NEWMARKET, t. King and Queen co. Va. 

NEWMARKET, t. Spottsylvania co. Va. 

NEWMARKET, t. Prince William co. Va. 

NEWMARKET, t. Amherst co. Va. on 
James river, 100 m. above Richmond. 

NEWMARKET, t. Bertie co. N. C. 

NEWMARKET, t. Highland co. Ohio, 42 
m. W. from Chillicothe, 51 E. from Cincinnati. 
Pop. 1,259. 

NEWMARKET, t. Geauga co. Ohio, about 
25 m. E. from Cleveland. 

NEW MILFORD, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 16 
m. N. of Danbury, and 18 SW. of Litchfield, 
on the NE. side of Housatonnuc river. Pop. 
3,979. 

NEW MILLS, v. in Danvers, Mass. 2 m 
NW. from Salem. 

NEW MILLS, v. Burlington co. N.J. 8 m. 
E. from Mount Holly. 

NEWNSTOWN, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on Miff 
Creek, 14 m. ENE. from Harrisburg. 




NEW ORLEANS. 



NEW ORLEANS, city, port of entry, and 
capital of Louisiana, stands on the left bank of 
the Mississippi river, 105 m. above its mouth. 
The city proper contains six complete squares, 
each having a front of 319 feet in length. 
Each square is divided into 12 lots. Many of 
the streets do not exceed 40 feet in width. The 
public buildings are a town-house, hospital, the 
Cathedral church of St. Louis, the barracks, 



custom-house, market-house, 5 banks, and two 
theatres, one for French, and the other for 
American actors. There is also a convent of 
Ursuline nuns. The Spanish and French 
modes of building prevail, and most of the 
houses are finished outside with stucco, which 
gives the city rather a fantastic appearance to 
a stranger. The ground on which it stands, 
is lower than the surface of the river, which 



352 



NEW — NEW 



is confined within its channel by an artificial 
bank called the levee, which was raised at 
great expense, and extends 50 m. The land 
is so spongy that the houses are necessarily 
without cellars. It is very advantageously sit- 
uated for commerce, the Mississippi and its 
numerous branches wafting to it the produc- 
tions of a fertile country of more than 2,000 
miles in extent. It is already one of the most 
important commercial ports in America, and 
is probably destined to become, at no distant 
period, the rival of the first in Europe. The 
harbor presents an area of many acres, cover- 
ed with all the grotesque variety of flat-boats, 
keel-boats, and water craft of every descrip- 
tion, that have floated from all points of the 
valley above. Sloops, schooners, brigs, and 
ships occupy the wharves, arranged below each 
other, in the order of their size, showing a for- 
est of masts. The foreign aspect of the stuc- 
coed houses in the city proper, the massive 
buildings of the Fauxbourg St. Mary, the bus- 
tle and movement on every side, all seen at one 
view in the bright coloring of the brilliant sun 
and sky of the climate, present a splendid spec- 
tacle. There have been counted in the harbor, 
1,500 flat-boats at a time. Steam-boats are 
coming and departing every hour ; and 50 are 
frequently seen lying in the harbor at a time. 
There are often 5 or 6,000 boatmen from the 
upper country here ; and it is not uncommon 
to see 40 vessels advertised for Liverpool and 
Havre. No place in the United States has so 
much activity and bustle of commerce, crowd- 
ed into so small a space, in the months of Feb- 
ruary and March. During the season of bring- 
ing in the cotton crop, whole streets are barri- 
caded with cotton bales. The amount of do- 
mestic exports from this city exceeds 12 mil- 
lions of dollars a year, being greater than that 
of any other city of the Union, except New 
York, and nearly equalling that. The great- 
est items that make this amount, are sugar 
and cotton. Its advantages of communication 
with the country, immediately adjacent to it, 
have been overlooked, in comparison with those 
of its relation to the upper country. But even 
in these respects it is unrivalled. By the basin 
of the canal, and the Bayou St. John, it com- 
municates with Lake Ponchartrain, and the 
connected lakes; with the opposite Florida 
shore, with Mobile, Pensacola, and the whole 
Gulf shore, east and west. Not a few vessels 
clear from the basin for the Atlantic and Mex- 
ican ports. The basin is scarcely distant a 
quarter of a mile from the ship landing on the 
Mississippi. A person on the basin wharf 
can see the masts of the vessels, lying on the 
shore of the levee, and yet a vessel sailing 
from the basin, would have to sail through the 
lakes along the Gulf shore, and up the Missis- 
sippi, some hundreds of miles, to arrive at so 
little distance from her former position. Even 
the commerce and shipping of the basin would 
be sufficient for the support of a considerable 
city. There is an incorporation, to connect 
the lake with the Mississippi by a canal, di- 
rectly from the one to the other. A most ne- 
cessary and important canal is also contem- 



plated, for connecting Attakapas with the city 
A rail-road 4£ m. in length, from the city to 
Lake Ponchartrain, has been recently finished 
It is perfectly straight, and varies only 16 
inches from a dead level from end to end. No 
city in the United States contains such a vari- 
ety of inhabitants from every state in the 
Union, and from every nation in Europe ; and 
there are not a few from the Spanish country, 
and the islands. There is an astonishing con- 
trast of manners, language, and complexion. 
One half the population is black or colored. 
The French population probably as yet pre- 
dominates over the American. Among the 
Americans, the inhabitants of the city of New 
York seem to have the greater number, and 
New Orleans has more intercourse with New 
York, than any other American city. The 
intercourse with Havana and Vera Cruz is 
great, and constantly increasing. The college 
is a respectable building, and has ample en- 
dowments, but has, as yet, done little for the 
literature of the country. There are a num- 
ber of charitable institutions in this city, of 
respectable character ; and when the epidemic 
yellow fever visits it, the manner in which the 
inhabitants bestow charity, nursing, shelter, 
and medical aid to the sick, is worthy of all 
praise. A library, for the use of the poorer 
reading young men of the city, has been in- 
stituted, and in the extent of her efficient and 
useful charities, New Orleans is not far behind 
her Atlantic sisters. There are fewer churches 
in the city, than in any other town of the same 
size in the United States. There are but three 
Catholic places of worship, one Presbyterian, 
one Episcopalian, a Mariners' church, a Baptist 
and a Methodist place of worship. Very little 
observance of the Sabbath, as northern people 
estimate it, is seen in this city. It is well 
known, that the forms of the Catholic worship 
do not forbid amusements on the Sabbath. 
The city and Fauxbourgs (suburbs) contain- 
ed, in 1830, 46,310 inhabitants. It is about 
1,000 m. below the mouth of the Ohio, and 
1,203 m. from Washington. 

NEW ORLEANS, parish, La. including 
the city of New Orleans, bounded by the Gulf 
of Mexico S. the interior of Lafourche and 
German coast W. Lake Ponchartrain N. the 
Rigolets and Lake Borgne NE. and Plaque- 
mine E. Length 80 m. mean width 16. It 
lies between lat. 29° 14' and 30° 12' N. Pop, 
exclusive of the city, 3,793. Chief town, New 
Orleans. 

NEW PALTZ, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 15 m, 
below Kingston landing, and 7 m. S. from 
Poughkeepsie. Pop. 5,105. 

NEW PALTZ LANDING, v. Ulster co. 
N. Y. on Hudson river, opposite Poughkeepsie. 

NEW PARIS, v. Preble co. Ohio, 92 m. a 
little S, of W. from Columbus. 

NEW PHILADELPHIA, v. and seat of 
justice, Tuscarawas eo. Ohio. It is situatec 1 
on the left bank of Muskingum river, on a 
beautiful plain, opposite the mouth of Sugar 
creek. It contains the county buildings, seve- 
ral stores, and 410 inhabitants. It is 50 m. 
NE. from ZanesvilJe, and 314 from W. 



V 



HEW- 
NEW PHILADELPHIA, v. Hardin co. 
Ken. 5 m. from Ohio river, 30 above Louisville. 

NEWPORT, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 8 m. E. 
•of Claremont, 42 WN W. of Concord. Here is 
f a cotton manufactory. 

NEWPORT, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 
NEWPORT, co. R. I. Pop. 16,534. 
NEWPORT, t. s-p. and cap. Newport co. 
©n SW. end of the island of Rhode Island, 5 m. 
from the sea, 15 S. from Bristol, 30 S. by E. 
from Providence, 55 E. by N. from New Lon- 
don, 71 S. by W from Boston. Lon. 71° 19' 
W.; lat. 41° 25' N. Pop. 8,010. Among the 
public and other principal buildings are, a 
state-house, a jail, an academy, 2 banks, 2 in- 
surance-offices, a public library containing 
1,600 volumes, and 11 houses .of public wor- 
ship, 2 for Congregationalists,. 3 for Baptists, 
1 for Sabbatarians or Seventh-day Baptists, 1 
for Episcopalians, 1 for Friends, 1 for Metho- 
dists, 1 for Moravians, and a Jews' Synagogue. 
It has a very spacious and safe harbor, where 
a large fleet may ride at anchor, defended by 
three forts. Newport was once the greatest 
commercial seaport in the state, but its pros- 
perity has of late years greatly declined. 

NEWPORT, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 20 m. 
N. from Herkimer, 95 NW. from Albany. 
NEWPORT, t. Cumberland co. N. J. 
NEWPORT, t. Newcastle co. Delaware, on 
Christiana creek, 3 m. SW. from Wilmington, 
31 SW. from Philadelphia. It contains about 
30 houses. 

NEWPORT, t. Charles co. Md. 11 m. SE 
from Port Tobacco. 

NEWPORT, t. Wood co. Va. on the Ohio, 
■at the junction of the Little Kenhawa, opposite 
Belpre. 

NEWPORT, t. Washington co. Ohio, on 
the Ohio, 11 m. ENE. from Marietta. 

NEWPORT, t. and cap. Campbell co. Ken. 
on the Ohio, opposite Cincinnati, and just above 
the entrance of the Licking, which separates it 
from Covington, 498 m. from W. It is situ- 
ated on an elevated and beautiful plain, com- 
manding a fine prospect of Cincinnati and 
•Covington, and contains a court-house, a jail, 
■a bank, a market-house, an academy, and a 
U. S. arsenal. 

NEWPORT, t. and cap. Cocke co. Ten. 

NEWPORT, t. Liberty co. Geo. 34 m. S. 
from Savannah. 

NEWPORT, r. N. C. which runs into the 

NEW PRESTON, v. Litchfield co. Ct. 10 
m. SW. by W. from Litchfield, and 43 a little 
S. of W. from Hartford. 

NEW PROSPECT, v. Bergen cq. N. J. 88 
m. NE. from Trenton. 

NEW PROVIDENCE, t. Essex co. N. J. 
12 m. W. from Newark. Pop. 910. 

NEW RICHMOND, v. Clermont co. Ohio, 
containing 600 inhabitants. It stands on Ohio 
-river, 15 m. SW. from Williamsburg. 

NEW RIVER, small stream of Onslow co. 
N. C. entering the Atlantic Ocean by New In- 
let, 45 m. WSW. from Cape Lookout. 

NEW RIVER, small r. of Beaufort district, 
2U 



-NEW 353 

S.C falling into the estuary of Savannah river, 
18 m. E. from Savannah. 

NEW RIVER, r. of La. draining the angle 
between the Mississippi and Amite riversj 
flows E. and falls into the western extremity 
of Lake Maurepas. 

NEW ROCHELLE, v. Westchester co. 
N. Y. planted originally by French Huguenots. 
It lies 20 m. NE. of the city of New York. 

NEW ROWLEY, v. Essex co. Mass. 35 
NNE. from Boston. 

NEW RUMLEY, v. Harrison co. Ohio, 11 
m. northerly from Cadiz, and 130 NE. from 
Columbus. 

NEWRY 5 1. Oxford co. Me. 24 m. NW. of 
Paris. Pop. 345. 

NEWRY, v. Huntingdon co. Pa. 

NEW SWITZERLAND, v. Switzerland 
co. Ohio, on the right bank of Ohio river, 65 
m. below Cincinnati. The inhabitants are 
mostly Swiss emigrants, who have made some 
not unsuccessful attempts to cultivate the vine. 

NEWTON, t. Middlesex co. Mass. on the 
river Charles, opposite Needham, 9 m. W. of 
Boston. Pop. 2,377. The falls on the river 
between Newton and Needham afford many 
excellent mill-seats ; and on the Newton side 
there are five paper-mills, iron manufactories, 
several snuff-mills, &c. 

NEWTON, t.and cap. Sussex co. N. J. 106 
m. NNE. from Philadelphia, 76 N. from Tren- 
ton, 288 from. W. It is a pleasant and flour- 
ishing town, and contains a court-house, a jail, 
an academy, a bank, a printing-office, a Pres- 
byterian church, about 50 compact houses, and 
has a manufactory of iron carried on in a fur- 
nace and 4 forges. Here is a remarkable cave 
called the Devil's Hole. 

NEWTON, t. Delaware co. Pa. 

NEWTON, t. Cumberland co. Pa. 

NEWTON, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 879 

NEWTON, t. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. 715. 

NEWTON, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 
2,361. 

NEWTON, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. 

NEWTOWN, t Rockingham co. N. H. 10 
m. NNW. from Newburyport, 26 SW. from 
Portsmouth. Pop. 665. 

NEWTOWN, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 9 m. E. by 
N. from Danbury, 25 WNW. from New Ha- 
ven. Pop. 3,099. It is a pleasant town, and 
contains an academy. 

NEWTOWN, t. Queens co. N.Y. on Long 
Island, 8 m. E. from New York. Pop. 2,610. 
Near the centre of the township there is a 
pleasant village containing 3 houses of public 
worship. From this place come those well- 
known apples, called " Newtown Pippins." 

NEWTOWN, t. Bucks co. Pa. 10 m. W. 
from Trenton, 22 NNE. from Philadelphia. It 
is situated on a branch of the Nashiminy, and 
contains a Presbyterian church, an academy, 
&c. and was formerly the seat of justice for 
the county. 

NEWTOWN, t. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 
3,298. 

NEWTOWN, t Frederick co. Md. 
NEWTOWN, v, Worcester co. Mq\ 



854 



NEW — NEW 



NEWTOWN, v. King and Queen co. Va. 
41 m. NE. from Richmond. 

NEWTOWN, v. Loudon co. Va. 55 m.fr. W. 

NEWTOWN, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, on Lit- 
tle Miami, 6 m. above its mouth. 

NEWVTLLE, v. Herkimer co. N. Y. 79 m. 
NW. by W. from Albany. 

NEWVILLE, v. Cumberland co. Pa. 12 m. 
nearly W. from Carlisle. 



NEWVTLLE, v. Barnwell district, S. C 
110 m. SW. from Columbia. 

NEW WASHINGTON, v. Clarke co. In. 
105 m. SSE. from Indianapolis. 

NEW WINDSOR, t. Orange co. N. Y. on 
the W. side of Hudson river, 60 m. N. of New- 
York, and 95 S. of Albany. Pop. 2,310. 

NEW WOODSTOCK, v. Madison co. N. Y. 

NEW YORK, one of the U. S. See p. 66. 





NEW YORK, AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



NEW YORK, city and co. of New York, 
situated on Manhattan Island, between Hud- 
son river, East river, New York Bay, and 
Haerlem river. Lat. 40° 42' N. and Ion. 74° 
W. from London, and 3° E. from W. 143 m. 
below Albany, 90 NE. from Philadelphia, and 
210 SW. from Boston. Manhattan Island, 
which forms the county of New York, is about 
12 m. long, and has an average width of 1|, 
containing about 18 sq. ms. The city of New 
York is the grand commercial emporium of 
the United States. The harbor is deep, safe, 
and not subject to be frozen, and so spacious 
as to accommodate any number of vessels of 
any size. The shipping belonging to this port 
exceeds 350,000 tons. In its exterior, New 
York has a more imposing appearance than 
any other city in the V States. Its principal 
street, Broadway, which nearly bisects the 
city, is 80 feet wide, and more than 3 m. in 
length, and generally built up with noble and 
elegant buildings. The Battery is a place of 
great public resort in the southern part of the 
island. Castle Garden is also much frequented. 
The Park is a beautiful common, finely shaded 
with trees, and contains 6 acres of ground. 
In this square stands the City Hall, a superb 
and massive structure of white marble, 216 ft. 
in length by 105 in breadth. It contains the 
Police Office, the Municipal Court rooms, and 
the Common Council chamber, ornamented 
with portraits of distinguished revolutionary 
heroes. 



The New York Institution is of brick, 260 
feet by 44, and is appropriated to associations 
of literature and the fine arts, such as the Lit- 
erary and Philosophical Society, the Historical 
Society with its library, the American Acade- 
my of Fine Arts with its paintings, and the 
New York Lyceum of Natural History with 
its collections. The University is in a central 
point. The building is of stone, 200 feet in 
length, and 3 stories high. The state prison, 
in the eastern part of the city, is 204 feet in 
length, by 200 in depth, and is built of free- 
stone. The Alms House is still further east, 
It is an inclosure, containing the work-house 
and penitentiary. The dimensions of the first 
are 320 by 50 feet, the next 200 by 25, and 
the third 250 by 50. The Park Theatre and 
the Bowery Theatre are conspicuous build- 
ings. St. Paul's church, containing the monu- 
ment and remains of Gen. Montgomery, and 
Trinity church, are spacious Episcopalian 
churches, both in conspicuous points on Broad- 
way. St. John's church in Hudson Square, 
one of the finest in the city, has the tallest 
spire in New York. The Medical College is 
a large and conspicuous edifice. The estab 
lishment is amply endowed, and generally 
contains from 2 to 300 medical students. The 
following are all spacious public buildings: 
Clinton Hall, the Bible Society's Depository, 
the American Tract Society's buildings, both 
in Nassau-street, the Arcade, and the Arcade 
Baths, the New York Baths, the Public Ma- 



NEW— NEW 



355 



tine Bath, the Manhattan Water Works, the 
Exhibition Room of the National Academy of 
the Arts of Design, Rutgers' Medical College 
and Public School, Masonic Hall, Orphan Asy- 
lum, Fever Hospital, House of Refuge for ju- 
venile delinquents, Lunatic Asylum, the City 
Hotel, the Mansion House, the National Hotel, 
the Franklin House, Tammany Hall, and 
many other spacious hotels. The city has 10 
market-houses, 14 or 15 banks, between 20 and 
30 insurance offices, over 100 houses of public 




EXCHANGE, 

The New York Exchange fronting upon 
Wall-street, is also of white marble, and adorn- 
ed with columns in front. It contains the Ex- 
change, Post Office, Commercial Reading 
Rooms, insurance offices, and offices of several 
daily papers. The cupola commands a fine 
view of the city, and is surmounted with a tel- 
egraph, by which ship-arrivals are announced 
when at the distance of more than 30 m. from 
the city. 

Columbia College was founded in 1754; it 
has a president, five professors, and the num- 
ber of students ranges from 120 to 150. The 
libraries contain 14,000 volumes. Commence- 
ment is on the first Tuesday in August ; vaca- 
tion from commencement to the first Monday 
in October. A proposal has lately been made 
in the city, to erect a university which should 
be suited to the demands of all classes. This 
has called forth from Columbia college a new 
and improved plan, intended to meet the de- 
mands. 1. The course of instruction now ex- 
isting, is to be maintained and denominated 
the full course. Another course is established, 
called the literary and scientific course; the 
whole, or any part of which, matriculated stu- 
dents may attend. 2. Those in the scientific 
and literary course shall study the modern 
languages, instead of the Latin and Greek. In 
other studies, the two courses are similar, ex- 
cept that the literary and scientific has some 
additional studies. 3. Persons not matricu- 
lated, may attend the literary and scientific 
course. 4. Matriculated students, who shall 
pass through the new course, shall receive tes- 
timonials of the same. 5. The fees in the 
new course shall not exceed $15 per annum 
for each professor. 6. Enlarged instruction 
shall be given in Greek and Roman literature. 



worship, of which those of Episcopalians, 
Presbyterians, Dutch Reformed, and Metho- 
dists are the most numerous. There are 8 
spacious buildings appropriated to public 
schools, valued with their furniture at $150,000. 
The High School of this city is an interesting 
institution, and the largest establishment of 
the kind in the U. States. There are a num- 
ber of public libraries. The Sunday Schools 
and Infmt Schools are efficient and useful 
establishments. 



j H 1 ': j . ■ 

, NEW YORK. 

7. The two courses may be united at the lec- 
tures. 8. Various public bodies in New York 
are entitled to have two students always in the 
college, free of all charges of tuition ; every 
school from which, in any one year, 4 students 
shall be admitted into college, shall have the 
privilege of sending one free of expense ; every 
religious denomination in the city may edu- 
cate one who is designed for the ministry, free 
of expense. The above course embraces lyce- 
ura, high school, and college instruction. The 
number of graduates, since the establishment 
of the college, to and including the year 1831, 
is about 1,100. There are now in the college 
about 100. 

The College of Physicians and Surgeons 
was founded in the year 1807, by an act of the 
legislature of New York, at the recommenda- 
tion of the Regents of the University, by whose 
immediate government it is controlled. Lec- 
tures commence on the first Monday of No- 
vember annually, and continue four months. 
Degrees conferred by the Regents of the Uni- 
versity at the recommendation of the board of 
trustees. The college building is situated in 
Barclay street, New York. The whole ex 
pense of all the courses is $1 00. 

The government of the city of New York 
is composed of a mayor, 10 aldermen, and 10 
assistants. This city has been constantly and 
rapidly increasing for the last 30 or 40 years. 
It more than doubled its population within the 
last 20 years. Packets sail from New York 
to Liverpool and London every week ; to Havre 
every 10 days, and to Hull, Greenwich, Bel- 
fast, Vera Cruz, Carthagena, and all the chief 
ports of the United States at different times. 
It is the second commercial city in the world, 
as the amount of shipping owned here is equal 




356 



NEW— NIC 



to more than half that of London. During 
the year 1830, there arrived 1,489 vessels from 
foreign ports; sailed for foreign ports 1,138; 
entered coastwise 1,332, cleared coastwise 
3,474 ; total arrived and departed 7,433. The 
revenue collected at the custom-house in 1829 
was 13,052,676 dollars ; being more than half 
the whole revenue of the United States from 
foreign commerce. 

CITY EXPENSES AND REVENUE FOR 1832. 

Expenses. 

The Comptroller estimates the expenses of the 



city, for 1832, (including interest on debt $50,000) 

at $600,475 00 

Revenue. 
From rents, auction duties, 

licenses, &.c $159,000 00 

The amount to be raised by 
taxes in 1832 ...... 550,000 00 

■ 709,000 00 



Leaving an amount to apply i 
to contingencies and deficien- V . . . 108,525 00 
cies of former years of . . ) 

Licenses in 1831. 
45 Licensed Lottery Offices which pay $250 each — 
one-half to the Public Schools of the city, 
and one-half to the New-York Deaf and 
Dumb Institution. 
2997 Grocery and Tavern Licenses, were issued in 



1831. 

2350 Cartmen's Licenses, do. 

130 Porters' Licenses, do. 

200 Hackney Coach Licenses, do. 

67 Stage Licenses, do. 



25 Licenses for Dealers in second hand articles. 
12 Pawnbrokers' Licenses. 

40 Master Chimney Sweeps, with an average of 2 
boys to each. 
1 General Patentee for Patent Sweeps. 
The number of watchmen at present employed in 
the city, including their officers, is 546. Annual ex- 
pense to the city, $90,000. 

CENSUS OF NEW YORK FOR 1830, 



Taken from the Marshal's Returns. 
White. Males. Females. 



Under 5 years ..... 


. 13,644 .... 


.... 13,265 


5 to 10 .... 


. 10,357 .... 


.... 10,665 


10 to 15 .... 


8,656 


9,802 


15 to 20 .... 


9,918 


. . . . 11,556 




21,409 


.... 22,556 


30 to 40 .... 


13,659 .... 


. . . . 12,916 


40 to 50 .... 


6,625 .... 


.... 6,694 






.... 3,702 


60 to 70 . . * . 


. 1,468 


.... 1,793 


70 to 80 .... 


479 .... 


, , , 666 




80 


.... 178 


90 to 100 .... 


14 ... . 


, , , 31 


100 and upwards 


7 . . . . 


. . . . 2 




89,523 .... 


93,826 


Colored. 


Males. 


Females. 




1,261 


1,431 


10 to 20 ... 


1,358 


2,135 


20 to 36 ... 






36 to 55 ... 






55 to 100 


371 


449 


100 and upwards 


5 


5 














.... 5,525 









For further statistical information, see page 71. 

NEW YORK, t Albemarle co. Va. 23 m. 
W. from Charlotte. 

NEW YORK, t. Champaign co. Ohio. 

NEXAPA, t. Mexico, 15 m. W. from Oax- 
aca. 



NIAGARA, f. in N. America, which car.* 
ries the surplus waters of lakes Superior, Mich ' 
igan, Huron, and Erie into lake Ontario. Its' 
general course from lake Erie to lake Ontario^ 
is N. For the first 2 miles its current is rapid ! 
— it then becomes smooth and gentle, with a 
width varying from half a mile to a mile and 
a half, and flows 7 m. to Grand Isle, where it 
divides into two large branches,* which unite 
again at the foot of this island (which is 18 m, 
long) three miles above the Great Falls. Its 
width here is upwards of a mile ; but now its 
breadth gradually diminishing as its velocity 
increases* it becomes reduced to § of a mile in 
width, when its waters are poured down a 
precipice of 160 feet perpendicular, accompa- 
nied with a tremendous roar, which is heard 
at the distance of 15 miles. There is a small 
island in the river just above the brink of the 
falls, which divides the stream in two parts, 
but they unite long before they reach the bed 
of the river below. This river, which is the 
boundary line between N. Y.and Upper Canada, 
is 35 m. in length. This stupendous cataract 
is justly regarded as one of the most sublime 
and imposing spectacles exhibited in nature. 
It may well be supposed that so magnificent a 
spectacle should attract thousands of visitors. 
It has become a place of great fashionable re- 
sort; and during the summer months, it is 
thronged with visitors from every quarter of 
the civilized world. It may appear singular, 
yet it is affirmed to be true, that some persons 
have lived and grown old within hearing of 
the roar of these falls without ever having seen 
them, while many have made journeys of 
thousands of miles for the purpose, and thought 
themselves richly rewarded for their curiosity 

NIAGARA, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Lake 
Ontario, E. by Genesee co. S. by Tonnewanta 
creek which separates it from Erie Co. and W. 
by Niagara river. Pop. 18,485. Chief town. 
Lockport. 

NIAGARA, t. Niagara co. N. Y. on Niaga- 
ra river, just above the falls. 

NIAGARA, t. and fort, Niagara co. N. Y. 
on the Niagara, at its entrance into Lake On- 
tario, 15 m. below the great falls. It was taken 
by the British in 1813, and the town was de- 
stroyed, but has since been rebuilt in a better 
style than before. Pop. 1,401. 

NICHOLAS, co. of Western Va. formed in 
1818, of a part of Greenbrier co. Pop. 3,349, 
of whom 120 are colored. Seat of justice, 
Nicholas C H. 

NICHOLAS, co, Ken. Pop. 8,832. Chief 
town, Carlisle. 

NICHOLAS ISLAND, small island on the 
N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 79° 40' W. ; lat. 23° 
15' N. 

NICHOLASVILLEj t. and Cap. Jessamine 
co. Ken. 20 m. SW. from Lexington, and 546 
fromW. Pop. 409. 

NICOLET, L. C. rises in Buckingham 
co. by two sources, which flow N W. between 
Becancour and St. Francis rivers, unite about 
60 m. and fall into the lower ehd of Lake St. 
Peter, 10 miles above Three Rivers. 



NIL — NOR 



357 



' NILE, t. Scioto co. Ohio. 

NIMISHILLEN CREEK, considerable 
Btream, rising in the northern part of Stark 
co. Ohio, and running from thence a S. direc- 
tion above 40 m. into the NE. quarter of Tus- 
carawas Co. where it unites with Sandy creek, 
when the joint stream flows W. 5 m. into the 
E. side of Tuscarawas river. 

NIMISHILLEN, t> Stark co. Ohio, situated 
on the above described creek, north-easterly 
from Canton. Pop. 1,336. 

NIMMONS MILLS, v. Wayne co. Ohio, 
92 m. NE. from Columbus. 

NINE BRIDGES, v. Queen Anne's co. Md. 

NINE PARTNERS, N. Y. a tract of land, 
granted to 9 partners, or proprietors, now com- 
prised within the towns of Amenia, Clinton, 
Stanford^ and Washington. 

NINEVEH, v. Frederick co. Va. 

NIPEGON LAKE, U. C. lies to the north- 
Ward of Lake Superior, about half-way between 
it and Albany river, James' Bay. 

NIPISSING LAKE, lies NE. of Lake Hu- 
ron, and is connected with it by the river 
Francois. 

NITTANY, mt. Pa. which commences in 
Centre co. and extends between Lycoming and 
Northumberland cos. almost to the W. branch 
of the Susquehannah. 

NIXON^S, v. Maury co. Ten. 50 m. SE. 
from Murfreesborough. 

NIXONTON, t. Pasquotank co. N. C. on 
Little river, 28 m. ENE. from Edenton. 

NOBLE, NE. t. of Morgan co. Ohio. Pop. 
859. 

NOBLEBOROUGH, t. Lincoln co. Maine. 
Pop. 1,876. Situated on the E. side of Ken- 
Iictacck river* 

NOBLESVILLE, v. Hamilton co. In. 25 m. 
N. from Indianapolis. 

NODDLE'S ISLAND, isl. Mass. in Boston 
harbor, f of a mile from Long Wharf, Boston. 
A strong fortress, called Fort Strong, is built 
on this island. 

NOLACHUCKY, r. Ten. and N. C. rises in 
the northern part of Buncombe co. of the latter, 
and flowing W. enters Carter co. in the for- 
mer, and crossing Carter, Washington, and 
Greene, joins the French Broad r. 40 m. above 
its junction with the Holston at Knoxville. 

NOLIN'S CREEK, r. Hardin co. Ken. 
which runs WSW. into Green river. 

NOMISNY BAY, bay in the river Potomac, 
on the coast of Virginia. Lon. 76° 50' W. ; 
lat. 38° 11' N. 

NONESUCH, r. Me. which runs through 
Scarborough into the sea. It received its name 
on account of its extraordinary freshets. 

NOQUETO BAY, bay in NW. Territory, 
on NW. coast of i a ] r p Michigan. It is north 
of Green Bay; 45 i long* and 18 wide. Lon. 
86° 20' W. ; lat. 45° 25' N. 

NORFOLK, ?o. Mass. bounded NW. and 
W. by Middlesex co. E. by Boston harbor, S. 
by Plymouth and Bristol cos. and W. by Rhode 
Island and Worcester co. Pop. 41,993. Chief 
town, Dedham. 

NORFOLK, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 18 m. N. 
from Litchfield, 35 WNW. from Hartford, 42 



ESE. from Hudson. Pop. 1,485. It contains 
various mills and manufacturing establish- 
ments, among which are 2 forges and a wool- 
len manufactory. 

NORFOLK, v. Litchfield co. Ct. 35 m. NW. 
by W. of Hartford, and 20 m. N. of Litchfield. 

NORFOLK, co. SE. part of Va, bounded 
N. by Hampton Road and Chesapeake Bay, 
E. by Princess Anne co. S. by North Carolina, 
and W. by Nansemond co. Pop. 14,998, of 
whom 5,842 are slaves. Chief towns, Norfolk 
and Portsmouth. 

NORFOLK, bor. and port of entry Norfolk 
co. Va. on NE. bank of Elizabeth river, 8 m. 
above its entrance into Hampton Road, and 
32 from the sea, 110 m. by water below City 
Point, 112 ESE. from Richmond. Lon. 76° 42' 
W. ; lat. 37° 12.' N. Pop. 9,816. The Farmers' 
Bank, the orphan asylum, and the Lancas- 
terian school, are among the most conspicuous 
buildings. The position of the town is not 
pleasant, being low, and in some places marshy; 
but it affords agreeable society, and the citi- 
zens are distinguished for their hospitality. It 
has a spacious and commodious harbor, strong- 
ly defended by 3 forts. It has more maritime 
commerce and shipping than any other town 
in the state. The handsome marine hospital 
is on Washington Point, one mile distant, and 
a short distance up the river is a large U. S. 
navy-yard. It contains a court-house, a jail, 
a market-house, a theatre, 2 insurance-offices, 
3 banks, including a branch of the U. S. Bank, 
an academy, an orphan asylum, an athenaeum 
containing about 1,000 volumes, and 6 houses 
of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for 
Presbyterians, 2 for Baptists, 1 for Roman 
Catholics, and 1 for Methodists. 

NORFOLK, co. U. C. is bounded on the N. 
and E. by the co. of Lincoln and the river 
Thames, on the S. by Lake Erie until it meets 
the Orwell river, thence by a line running N. 
16° W. until it intersects the river Thames, 
and thence up the said river until it meets the 
NW. boundary of the co. of York. It sends, 
in conjunction with the fourth riding of the co. 
of Lincoln, one representative to the provincial 
parliament. 

NORFOLK, v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 251 
m. NNW. from Albany. 

NORMAN'S KILL, or Creek, r. Albany co. 
N. Y. which falls into the Hudson, 2 J m. S. of 
Albany. 

NORRIDGEWOCK, t. and cap. Somerset 
co. Me. on the Kennebeck, 94 m NNE from 
Portland, 205 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,710. 
It is finely situated on both sides of the river r 
is a very pleasant town, and contains a court- 
house, a jail, a meeting-house, and has con- 
siderable trade. Here is an elegant bridge 
across the river. 

NORRISTOWN, t. and cap. Montgomery 
co. Pa. on the N. side of the Schuylkill, 17 m* 
NW. from Philadelphia, 143 from W. Lon. 
75° 23' W.; lat. 40° 10' N. Pop. 1,826. It con- 
tains a court-house, a bank, and an academy, 
and 3 weekly newspapers are published here. 

NORTE, Del, or Rio Bravo del Norte, river, 
Mexico, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, 



358 



NOR— NOR 



near the sources of the Arkansas, about 41° 
N. lat. runs SSE. and empties itself into the 
Gulf of Mexico, Ion. 96^ 40' W. ; lat. 26° N. 
Length, about 2,000 m. 

NORTH BEND, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, on 
the Ohio r. 16 m. below Cincinnati, and 520 
from VV. 

NORTH CAROLINA, one of the U. S. 
See page 100. 

NORTH CASTLE, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 
33 m. NE. from New York. Pop. 1,653. 

NORTH EAST, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 24 
m. NE. from Poughkeepsie. Pop. 1,689. 

NORTH EAST, t. Cecil co. Md. 

NORTH EDISTO INLET, inlet, S.C. 11 
m. SW. from Stone Inlet. 

NORTH END, v. Matthews co. Va. 

NORTH HAVEN, t. New Haven co. Ct. 7 
m. NNE. from New Haven. Pop. 1,282. 

NORTH HEMPSTEAD, t. and capital, 
Queens co. N. Y. on Long Island Sound, 9 m. 
E. from Jamaica, 22 E. from New York. Pop. 
3,062. The township is indented by 3 large 
bays, and between two of them, on a headland, 
called Cow Neck, there is a light-house, 10 m. 
N. from the C. H. 

NORTH HERO, t. and cap. Grand Isle co. 
Vt. on an island of the same name, in Lake 
Cham plain, 32 m. N. from Burlington, and 545 
from W. Pop. 638. 

NORTH ISLAND, isl. in the Atlantic, at 
the mouth of the Great Pedee River, near the 
coast of South Carolina. Lon. 79° 3' W. ; lat. 
33° 20' N. 

NORTH MOUNTAIN, a ridge which ex- 
tends NE. through Franklin and Cumberland 
counties, Pa. 

NORTH MOUNTAIN CREEK, r. N. A. 
which runs into the Missouri, 239 m. below 
the Falls. 

NORTH POINT, cape, on N. side of the 
entrance of the Patapsco into Chesapeake Bay. 

NORTH RIVER, r. N. H. which joins the 
Lamprey r» in the N. part of Epping. 

NORTH RIVER, r. N. C. runs into Albe- 
marle Sound. Lon. 76° 10' W. ; lat. 36° 6' N. 

NORTH RIVER, r. Mass. which runs E. 
into the sea, S. of Scituate. 

NORTH RIVER. See Hudson River. 

NORTH RIVER, branch of Fluvanna river, 
in Virginia. 

NORTH YARMOUTH, t. Cumberland co. 
Me. on Casco Bay, 12 m. NNE. from Portland, 
127 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 2,664. It is a 
large township, and contains 5 houses of pub- 
lic worship, 3 for Congregation alists, 1 for Bap- 
tists, and 1 for Methodists ; an academy, a so- 
cial library, a paper-mill, and has some trade 
in the fisheries. 

NORTHAMPTON, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 
10 m. SW. from Portsmouth. Pod. 767. 

NORTHAMPTON, t. and cap. Hampshire 
•co. Mass. on W. bank of Connecticut river, op- 
posite Hadley, with which it is connected by 
a bridge, 1,060 feet long; 18 m. N. from Spring- 
field, 21 S. from Greenfield, 40 E. from Pitts- 
field, 42 N. from Hartford, 95 W. from Boston. 
Lat. 42° 16' N. The compact part of the town 



is delightfully situated, and contains a very 
elegant brick court-house, a stone jail, and 
several houses for public worship. Pop. 3,613. 
It is 376 m. from W. 

NORTHAMPTON, t. Montgomery co. 
N. Y. 18 m. NW. from Ballston-Spa, 50 NW. 
from Albany. Pop. 4,392. 

NORTHAMPTON, t. Burlington co. N.J. 
7 m. SE. from Burlington. Mount Holly is 
within this township. 

NORTH AxMPTON, co. E. side of Pa. bound- 
ed N. by Wayne co. E. by the Delaware, ESE. 
by Bucks co SW. by Berks co. and NW. by 
Luzerne co. It is watered by the Delaware 
and Lehigh. Pop. 30,267. Chief town, Easton. 

NORTHAMPTON, co. E. side of Va. bound- 
ed N. by Accomack co. E. by the Atlantic, S. 
by the entrance into Chesapeake Bay, and W. 
by Chesapeake bay. Pop. 8,644. Chief town, 
Eastville. 

NORTHAMPTON, co. N. part of N. C 
Pop. 13,103. 

NORTHAMPTON, C. H. Northampton co. 
N. C. 80 m. SW. from Norfolk, Va. and about 
90 NE. from Raleigh. Lat. 36° 21' N. ; lon. 
from W. 0° 30' W. 

NORTHAMPTON, v. in the W. borders of 
Portage co. Ohio, 15 m. W. from Ravenna. 
Pop. 293. 

NORTH ATTLEBOROUGH, v. Bristol co. 
Mass. 29 m. SSW. from Boston, and 12 NNE. 
from Providence. 

NORTH BLENHEIM, v. Schoharie co. 
N. Y. 55 m. SW. by W. from Albany, and 
about 45 SW. from Schenectady. 

NORTHBOROUGH, t. Worcester co. Mass. 
11 m. from Worcester. Pop. 994. 

NORTH BROOKFIELD, t. Worcester co. 
Mass. Pop. 1,241. 

NORTH BRANCH, v. N. part of Somerset 
co. N. J. 46 m. from Trenton. 

NORTH BRIDGE, t. on Pawtucket river, 
in the S. part of Worcester co. Mass. 46 m. 
SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,053. 

NORTH BRIDGETOWN, v. in the NW. 
part of Cumberland co. Me. 43 m. NW. from 
Portland. 

NORTH CASTLE, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 
on the E. side of Hudson river, about 16 m. 
from King's-bridge. Pop. 1,653. 

NORTH EAST, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. on 
the E. side of Hudson river, about 90 m. N. of 
New York. Pop. 1,689. 

NORTH EAST, v. Erie co. Pa. in the NE. 
angle of the county, 15 m. NE. from the vil- 
lage of Erie. 

NORTH EAST, v. Cecil co. Md.46 m. NE. 
from Baltimore. 

NORTH EAST, r. Cecil co. Md. flows into 
the Chesapeake, 5 m. S 1 ^ .Charlestown. 

NORTHFIELD, t. ^hington co. Vt. 9 
m. SSW. from Montpeliei Pop. 1,412. Here 
is a woollen manufactory. 

NORTHFIELD, t. Fran, lin co. Mass. E. 
of the Connecticut r. 8 m. NE. from Green- 
field, 94 WNW. from Boston. Pop. 1,757. 
Here is a handsome village situated near the 
E. bank of the river. 



NOR— OAK 



359 



NORTHFIELD, t. Richmond co. N.Y. on 
the NW. part of Staten Island, 5 m. W. from 
Southfield. Pop. 2,171. 

NORTHUMBERLAND, t. Coos co. N. H. 
on the Connecticut, 7 m. ]N. from Lancaster. 
Pop. 34-2. 

NORTHUMBERLAND, t. Saratoga co. 
N. Y. on the Hudson, 11 m. NE. from Balls- 
ton-Soa, 44 N". from Albany. Pop. 1,606. 

NORTHUMBERLAND, co. central part 
of Pa. bounded N. by Lycoming co. E. by Co- 
lumbia, S. by Dauphin, and W. by the Sus- 
quehannah r. It is watered by both branches 
of the Susquehannah. Pop. 18,168. Chief 
town, Sunbury. 

NORTHUMBERLAND, t. Northumber- 
land co. Pa. on a point of land in the forks of 
the Susquehannah, 2 m. N. from Sunbury, 124 
NW. from Philadelphia. Pop. of the borough, 
1,090. The town is regularly laid out, pleas- 
ant, and flourishing, and contains an academy. 
Here is a covered bridge across the N. branch 
of the Susquehannah. 

NORTHUMBERLAND, co. Va. bounded 
NE. by the Potomac, E. by Chesapeake Bay, 
SW. by Lancaster and Richmond cos. and W. 
by Westmoreland co. ; 151 m. from W. Pop. 
7,953. At the court-house there is a village of 
about 40 houses. 

NORTHWOOD, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 
20 m. E. from Concord, 27 WNW. from Ports- 
mouth. Pop. 1,342. Crystals, crystalline spars, 
and black lead, are found in this town. 

NORTON, t. Essex co. Vt. 75 m. NE. from 
Montpelier. 

NORTON, t. Bristol co. Mass. 8 m. NNW. 
from Taunton, 36 SSW. from Boston. Pop. 
1,484. Here are manufactories of iron and 
cotton. 

NORTON, t. Delaware co. Ohio. 34 m. N. 
from Columbus. 

NORWALK, t. Fairfield co. Ct. near the 
mouth of a small river of the same name, on 
Long Island Sound, 31 m. WSW. from New 
Haven, 45 NE. from New York. Pop. 3,793. 
It is a pleasant town, and has an academy, 
iron works, and some trade to New York and 
the West Indies. 

NORWALK, t. and seat of justice, Huron 
co. Ohio, 14 m. from Lake Erie, and 100 NE. 
from Columbus. Lon. from W. 5° 33' W. ; lat. 
41° 16' N. 

NORWALK ISLANDS, cluster of small 
islands in Long Island Sound, near the coast of 
Connecticut. Lon. 72° 22' W. ; lat. 41° 4' N. 

NORWAY, t. Oxford co. Me. 5 rn. SW. of 
Paris, 152 NNE. of Boston. Pop. 1,712. 

NORWAY, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 20 m. N. 
of Herkimer, 90 NW. of Albany 

NORWICH, t. Windsor co. Vt. on'the Con- 
necticut, opposite Hanover, 21 m. N. of Wind- 
sor. Pop. 2,316. Here is an academy. 

NORWICH, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 7 m. 
WSW. of Northampton, 150 W. of Boston. 
Pop. 787. 

NORWICH, city, New London co. Ct. on 
the Thames, at the head of navigation, 14 m. 
N. from New London, 38 SE. from Hartford, 
45 WSW. from Providence, 362 from W. Lon. 



72 3 29' W.; lat. 4P 34' N. Pop. 5,169. It 

contains a court-house, a jail, 2 banks, and 
several houses of public worship. It compre- 
hends three villages, the town, Chelsea Land- 
ing, and Bean Hill. In the last there is an 
academy, and in the town is an endowed school. 
Norwich is a pleasant town, and considerable 
both for trade and manufactures. It is fa- 
vorably situated, at the head of navigation, 
and has an extensive back country. The falls 
of the river afford seats for various mills and 
I manufacturing establishments. The courts for 
the comity are held alternately at this city and 
New London. 

NORWICH, t. and cap. Chenango co. N.Y. 
on the Chenango, 8 m. N. from Oxford, 100 W. 
from Albany, 332 from W. It is a pleasant 
and flourishing village, containing a court- 
house, jail, and bank. 

NORWICH, t. Franklin co. Ohio, on the 
Scioto, above Montgomery. 

NOTAHACKY, or Notahucky, r. Ten. 
which rises in N. C. and joins the French 
Broad a little above Dandridge. 

NOTTAWAY, co. S. part of Va. bounded 
N. by Amelia co. E. by Dinwiddle co. S. by 
Lunenburg co. and W. by Prince Edward co. 
Pop. 10,141. 

NOTTAWAY, r. Va. which unites with 
the Meherrin in N. C. to form the Chowan. 

NOTTINGHAM, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 
24 m. NW. of Portsmouth. Pop. 1.157. 

NOTTINGHAM, West, v. Hillsborough co. 
N. H. on the E. side of Merrimack river, 45 m. 
N. by W. of Boston. 

NOTTINGHAM, t. Eurlington co. N.J. 
Pop. 3,900. 

NOTTINGHAM, East and West, the two 
SW. and contiguous towns, Chester co. Pa. 
They are situated on the E. side of Octararo 
creek, and join Marvland. 

NOTTINGHAM", t. Prince George co. Md. 
on the W. side of Patuxent river, 27 m. SE. 
from W. 

NOTTINGHAM, a hilly t. Harrison co. 
Ohio, 7 in. W. from Cadiz. This t. contains 
the village of Moorfield. Pop. 1,227. 

NOVA IBERIA, t. Attakapas co. La. on 
the Teche, about 10 m. from St. Martinsville. 

NOVA SCOTIA. See page 167. 

NOWLAND'S FERRY, v. Loudon co. Va. 

NOXONTON, v. Newcastle co. Del. 22 m. 
SSW. from Wilmington. 

NULHEGEN, r. Vt which is formed in 
Averill, and flows into the Connecticut, between 
Minehead and Brunswick. 

NUNDA, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. on the 
Genesee, 14 m. N. from Angelica. Pop. 1,291 

NUNICK MOUNTAINS, mountains of 
S. C. Lon. 83° W. ; lat. 35° N. 

O. 

OAK CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into the 
Ohio, a few. miles above Augusta, Ken. 
OAK GROVE, t. Lunenburg co. Va. 
OAK HILL, v. Greenville district, S. C. 
OAK HILL, v. Laurens district, S. C. 
OAK HILL, v. Greene co. N.Y. 
OAK HILL, t. Fauquier co. Va. 



S60 



OAK— OHI 



OAK HILL, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. 

OAK'S CREEK, r. Otsego co. N. Y. which 
runs S. 10 miles, and unites with the Susque- 
hannah. 

OAK ISLAND, small isl. on the coast of 
N. C. at the mouth of Cape Fear river. 

OAKHAM, t. Worcester co. Mass. 15 m. 
WIN W. from Worcester, 55 W. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,010. 

OAK I NGHAM, v. Laurens district, S. C. 
92 m. NW. from Columbia. 

OAKLAND, co. Michigan ter. on Huron of 
Lake St. Clair, lying NW. from Wayne, and 
W. from Macomb cos. and about 40 m. NW. 
from Detroit. 

OAKMULGEE, r. Geo. which joins the 
Oconee to form the Alatamaha. Lon. 83° W.; 
lat. 32° 24' N. 

OAKS, v. Hanover co. Va. 

OAXACA, state of Mexico, bounded by the 
Atlantic Ocean S. Puebla W. and NW. Vera 
Cruz N. and NE. and Guatemala E. Length 
from E. to W. 240 m. mean width 180. Be- 
tween lat. 15° 40' and 18° N. This state is 
one of the most delightful countries on this 
part of the globe. The beauty and salubrity 
of the climate, the fertility of the soil, and the 
richness and variety of its productions, all com- 
bine to minister to the prosperity of its in- 
habitants; and this province has, accordingly, 
from the remotest periods been the centre of 
an advanced civilization. 

OAXACA, city of Mexico, and capital of 
the state of the same name, stands on one of 
the confluents of the Chicometepec river, 240 
m. SSE. from the city of Mexico. Lat. 16° 
55' N. It enjoys an atmosphere of peculiar 
serenity, but the country is subject to earth- 
quakes. Pop. 25,200. 

OBED'S RIVER, r. Ten. which rises in 
Overton co. and runs into the Cumberland, in 
Jackson co. a few miles below the Kentucky line. 

OBIAN, r. Tennessee, which runs into the 
Mississippi. Lat. 35° 48' N. 

OCATAHOOLA, r. Louisiana, which runs 
SSE. through the greatest part of its course, 
then turns to the E. passes through a lake of 
the same name, and joins the Ouachitta, at the 
junction of the Tensaw. 

OCCACHAPPO, r. Al. which runs N. into 
the Muscle Shoals. 

OCCONEACHEA ISLANDS, three small 
islands on the river Roanoke, belonging to Vir- 
ginia. Lat. 36° 35' N. 

OCCOHAPP Y, or Bear Creek, r. Ten, which 
runs into the Tennessee river. 

OCCOQUAN, v. Prince William co, Va. 23 
m. from W. 

OCCOQUAN CREEK, r. Va. which runs 
into the Potomac, 7 m. SW from Mount Ver- 
non. 

OCONEE, r. Geo. which rises in the Oconee 
mountains, flows by Milledgeville, and unites 
with the Oakmulgee, and forms the Alatamaha. 

OCTARARO CREEK, r. Pa. which divides 
Lancaster and Chester cos. and runs into the 
Susquehannah, in Md. about 5 m. below Penn- 
sylvania line. 

OCTARARO, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 



OGDENSBURG, v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 
at the confluence of the Oswegatchie with the 
St. Lawrence, 116 m.N. from Utica, 212 NW. 
from Albany. Here are numerous manufac- 
tures, and the harbor is safe and spacious, and 
is a place of considerable trade. Pop. of the 
township, 3,934. 

OGEECHEE, r. Geo. which rises near the 
Apalachian mountains, flows SE. nearly par- 
allel with the Alatamaha, into Ossabaw Sound, 
at Hardwick. Length 200 m. 

OGLETHORPE, co. NW. part of Georgia. 
Pop. 13,558, of whom 8,004 are colored. Chief 
town, Lexington. 

OHIO, r. U. S. formed by the union of the 
Alleghany and Monongahela, at Pittsburg, Pa. 
It separates Virginia and Kentucky on the S. 
from the states of Ohio and Indiana, and the 
Illinois territory on the N. and after a VVSW. 
course of 949 m. joins the Mississippi, 193 m. 
below the Missouri, in lon. 88° 58' W. ; lat. 
37' N. The Ohio, from its commencement, 
affords most delightful prospects. Rivers of 
romantic and beautiful character come in, al- 
most at equal distances, as lateral canals. Its 
bottoms are of extraordinary depth and fer T . 
tility; generally high and dry, and for the 
most part healthy ; while the configuration of 
the country on the banks has all that grandeur, 
softness, or variety, still changing and recur- 
ring in such combinations as are requisite to 
destroy a monotonous effect. For thirty miles 
below Pittsburg its course is NW. It then 
slowly turns to the WSW. and pursues that 
general direction 500 m. Thence SW. 170 ra. 
Thence W. 280 miles. Thence. SW. 170 miles, 
through that low and swampy country, i$ 
which it finds the Mississippi. Between Pitts- 
burg and the mouth, it is diversified with 100 
considerable islands, besides a greater number 
of tow-heads and sand-bars, which in low 
stages of the water greatly impede navigation. 
Some of these islands are of exquisite beauty, 
and afford most lovely situations for retired 
farms. The passages between them, and the 
sand-bars at their head, are among the difficult 
ties of the navigation of this river. The Ohio 
at Pittsburg is 600 yards wide,. At Cincin- 
nati, which may be considered its mean width, 
it is not much more. Below the Cumberland, 
its average width is 1,000 yards. Its valley is 
deep, and heavily timbered, and has nowhere 
the slightest indication of prairie, It varies 
from 2 to 10 m. in width. It is bounded in its 
whole course by bluffs, sometimes towering 
sublimely from the shores of the river, and 
sometimes receding 2 or 3 miles. Beyond thq 
immediate verge of the bottom is a singular 
line of hills, more or less precipitous, stretch- 
ing from 5 to 10 m. from the banks. They 
are known on the Ohio by the familiar appel- 
lation of the ' Ohio hills.' Different estimates 
have been made of the rapidity of its current. 
This rapidity being continually varying, it 
would be difficult to assign any very exact es- 
timate. It is found, according to the different 
stages of the water, to vary between 1 and 3 
miles. In the lowest stages of the water in 
the autumn, a floating substance would proJbtu 



OHI— OHI 



861 



bly not advance a mile an hour. It is"subject 
to extreme elevations and depressions. The 
average range between high and low water, is 
fifty feet. Its lowest stage is in September ; 
and its highest in March. But it is subject to 
sudden and very considerable rises through the 
year. It has been known to rise 12 feet in a 
night. When these sudden elevations take 
place, at the breaking up of the ice, a scene 
of desolation sometimes occurs ; and boats and 
every thing in its course are carried away by 
the accumulated power of the ice and the wa- 
ter. Its average descent in a mile, is not far 
from six inches. At Cincinnati, the surface of 
the river at low water, is supposed to be 130 
feet below the level of Lake Erie, and 430 
above that of the tide-water of the Atlantic. 
Between Pittsburg and the mouth, it makes 
three and a half degrees of southing in lati- 
tude. The average time of the suspension of 
its navigation by ice, is five weeks. One-half 
of the remainder of the year, on an average, 
it is navigable by large steam-boats in its whole 
course. The other half, it can be navigated 
easily only by steam-boats of a small draft of 
water. Since the Louisville and Portland canal 
has been completed, steam-boats of small draft 
can descend at all times from Pittsburg to 
the Mississippi. Flat and keel-boats descend 
the river at all seasons ; but in periods of low 
water, with frequent groundings on the sand- 
bars, and the necessity of often unloading to 
get the boat off. It would be difficult to de- 
cide when the Ohio has the most beautiful ap- 
pearance — in the spring, when it rolls along 
between full banks, or in the autumn, when 
between the ripples it is calm and still, with 
broad and clean sand-bars ; or in the ripples, 
where its transparent waters glide rapidly over 
the pebbly and shelly bottom, showing every 
thing, as through the transparency of air. The 
Ohio, and all its tributaries, cannot have less 
than 5,000 miles of boatable waters ; and ta- 
king all circumstances into consideration, few 
rivers in the world can vie with it either in 
utility or beauty. 

The following table of distances is taken 
from Dr. Drake ; the distances are founded on 
the surveys made by the U. S. on the north 
bank : 

From Pittsburgh to miles, whole dist. 

Big Beaver river 30 30 

Little Beaver river 13 43 

Steubenville 26 69 

Wheeling 26 95 

Marietta 83 178 

Great Kenhawa river ... .87 265 

Big Sandy river 47 312 

Scioto river 40 352 

Maysville 50 402 

Little Miami river 56 458 

Cincinnati 7 465 

Great Miami river 20 485 

Kentucky river 48. 533 

Louisville 54 587 

Salt river ..23.. 610 

Anderson's river 98 708 

Green river 52 760 

Wabash river 61 821 

2 V 































...911 




.. ..38... 


. . .949 



WHOLE NUMBER OF STEAM-BOATS BUILT ON THIS 

WESTERN WATERS. 



When 


Whole 


Now 


Lost or 


built. 


No. 


running. 


worn out. 


1811 


1 




1 


1814 


4 




4 


1815 


3 




3 


1816 


2 




2 


1817 


9 




9 


lOJ o 






93 


1819 


27 




27 


1820 


7 


1 


6 


1821 


6 


1 


5 


1822 


7 




7 


1823 


13 


1 


12 


1824 


13 


1 


12 


1825 


31 


19 


12 


1826 


52 


36 


16 


1827 


25 


19 


6 


1828 


31 


28 


3 


1829 


53 


53 




1830 


30 


30 




1831 


9 


9 






348 


198 


150 



Of the boats now running, 

68 were built at Cincinnati, 



68 Pittsburg, 

2 Louisville, 

12 New Albany, 

7 Marietta, 

2 Zanesville, 

1 Fredericksburg, 

1 ■ Westport, 

1 Silver Creek, 

1 Brush Creek, 

2 Wheeling, 

1 Nashville, 

2 Frankfort, 

1 Smithland, 

1 Economy, 

6 Brownsville, 

3 Portsmouth, 

2 Steubenville, 

2 Beaver, 

1 St. Louis, 

3 New York, 

1 Philadelphia, 

10 Not known where. 



198 

Of this whole number, 111 were built at 
Cincinnati, 68 of which were running in 183L 
Of the 150 lost or worn out, there were 63 
of the latter, 36 lost by snags, 14 burnt, 3 lost 
by collision, and 34 by other accidents not 
ascertained. Total 150. 

OHIO, one of the U. States. See p. 134. 

OHIO, co. NW. part of Va. bounded NW, 
and W. by the Ohio, N. by Brooke co. and 
Pennsylvania, E. by Pennsylvania, SE. by 
Monongalia and Harrison cos. and SW. by 



362 



01 IT— OPS 



Wood co. Pop. 15,590. Chief town, Wheel- 

OHIO, t. Clermont co. Ohio. Pop. 2,681. 

OHIO, t. Gallia co. Ohio. Pop. 313. 

OHIO, co. Ken. bounded by Butler SE. 
Green river, or Muhlenburg S. and SW. Da- 
vies NW. Breckenridge N. and Grayson NE. 
Length 32 m. mean width 20. Chief town, 
Hartford. Pop. in 1820, 3,879 ; in 1830, 4,913. 

OHIOPYLE FALLS, cataract in the river 
Youghiogeny, 20 feet perpendicular, about 30 
m. from its union with the Monongahela. 

OHOOPEE, r. of Geo. which runs into the 
Alatamaha, Ion. 82° 10' W.; lat. 31° 31' N. 

OIL CREEK, t. Crawford co. Pa. 

OIL CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the 
Alleghany, 6 m. E. from Franklin. See 
Franklin. 

OIL SPRING, v. Cataraugus co. N. Y. 

OKEFONOCO. See Ouaquaphenogaw. 

OKETIBBEHA, r. Al. which joins the 
Tombigbee, at the dividing line of the Chicka- 
saws and Choctaws. 

OK-LOCK-ONE, r. U. S. rises in Geo. and 
flowing- SSW. falls into Ok-lock-one Bay, 40 
m. E. from the mouth of the Apalachicola 
river. 

OK-LOCK-ONE BAY, is the extreme in- 
land extension of the Apalache Bay, and re- 
ceives the Ok-lock-one and St. Mark's rivers. 
Lat. 30° 8' N. 

OLD BRIDGE, v. Middlesex co. N. J. 

OLDTOWN, t. Jefferson co. Geo. on the 
Ogeechee, 12 m. SE. from Louisville. 

OLDTOWN, or Skipton, t. Alleghany co. 
Md. on N. branch of the Potomac, 142 m. W. 
from Baltimore. 

OLDTOWN, t. Alleghany co. Md. on the 
N. side of Potomac river, near the mouth of 
the SW. branch, 14 m. SE. of Cumberland, 
and 134 NW. of W. 

OLDTOWN, v. Ross co. Ohio, 12 m. NW. 
from Chillicothe, and 54 a little S. of E. from 
Columbus. Pop. 248. 

OLDTOWN CREEK, r. N. C. which runs 
into Cape Fear river, Ion. 78° 9' W. ; lat. 34° 
8'N. 

OLEAN, t. Cataraugus co. N. Y. on the 
Alleghany, 173 m. NNE.from Pittsburg. Pop. 
561. 

OLEAN, or Oil Creek, r. Cataraugus co. 
N. Y. which runs into the Alleghany, 25 m. 
long. 

OLIVERIAN, r. N. H. which runs into the 
Connecticut, in Haverhill. 

OLYMPIAN SPRINGS, v. Bath co. Ken. 

OMPOMPONOOSUC, r. Vt. which runs 
into the Connecticut, 3 m. N. from Dartmouth 
College. 

ONEIDA, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Lewis 
co. E. by Herkimer co. SW. by Madison co. 
and W. by Oswego co. Pop. 71,326. Chief 
towns, Whitesborough, Utica, and Rome. 

ONEIDA, lake, chiefly in Oneida co. N. Y. 
20 m. long, and 4 broad. It receives Wood 
creek on the E. end, and communicates with 
Lake Ontario by the Oswego. It is a beauti- 
ful lake, abounding in fish. 

ONEIDA CASTLE, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 



ONEIDA CREEK, r. N. Y. which mm 
N. into E. end of Oneida Lake. Length 25 m, 

ONE LEG, an eastern t. of Tuscarawas co* 
Ohio. 

ONION RIVER, r. Vt. which runs W. into 
Lake Champlain, 4 m. NW. from Burlington 
village. It is one of the principal rivers of 
Vermont. Between Colchester and Burling- 
ton it has worn through a solid rock of lime- 
stone, forming a chasm of 70 or 80 feet deep, 
and at Bolton there is another similar chasm 
Length 70 m. 

ONONDAGA, co. N. Y. bounded N. by 
Oswego co. E. by Madison co. S. by Cort- 
landt co. and W. by Cayuga co. Pop. 58,97& 
Chief town, Syracuse. 

ONONDAGA, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. 50 m, 
W. from Utica, 145 W. from Albany. It is a 
large and flourishing town, and has two vil- 
lages, Onondaga-Hollow and West Hill. The 
latter is 2 m. W. of the former, and contains 
several churches and a printing-office. 

ONONDAGA, or Salt Lake, lake in Onon- 
daga co. N. Y. 7 m. N. from Onondaga. It is 
7 m. long, and 2 broad. It discharges its 
waters from N. end into Seneca river. On its 
borders are celebrated salt-springs. 

ONONDAGA-HOLLOW, v. Onondaga co-, 
N. Y. 6 m. S. from Salina. It contains a 
state-arsenal, an academy, a meeting-house, a 
printing-office, and considerable manufactures. 

ONSLOW, co. SE. part of N. C. on the 
coast. Pop. 7,814. 

ONTARIO, lake, N. A. between New York 
and Upper Canada. Lat. 43° 15' to 44° N. 
It is 190 m. long, and 55, where widest, broad; 
about 600 m. in circumference. It discharges 
its waters through the St. Lawrence into the 
Atlantic, from NE. end, and communicates 
with Lake Erie at SW. part, by the river Ni- 
agara. It is a very deep lake, with sufficient 
water in every part, but has few good harbors. 
It furnishes a variety of excellent fish. 

ONTARIO, co. in U. C. consists of the fol- 
lowing islands ; Amherst Island, Wolfe Island, 
Gage Island, and all the islands between the 
mouth of the Gananoqui, to the easternmost 
extremity of Point Pleasant. 

ONTARIO, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Mon- 
roe and Wayne cos. E. by Seneca, S. by Steu- 
ben and Yates, and W. by Livingston. Pop, 
40,167. Chief towns, Canandaigua and Geneva. 

ONTARIO, t. Wayne co. N. Y. on S. side 
of Lake Ontario, 20 m. W. from Canandaigua, 
Pop. 1,587. 

OOLENOY MOUNTAIN, S.C. m the vi. 
cinity of Table Mountain. It is remarkable 
for a cataract, the descent of which is from 
600 to 700 feet. 

OOSTANAULEE, r. Geo. in the country 
of the Cherokees. It flows SW. and unites 
with the Etowee to form the Coosa. 

OOTAGAMIS, Upper, t. NW. Territory, on 
the river Ouisconsin, about 40 m. from the Mis- 
sissippi. Lat. 42° 42' N. 

OOTAGAMIS, Lower, t. NW. Territory, at 
the conflux of the Ouisconsin and Mississippi. 

OPELOUSAS, t and cap. of St. Landry dis- 
trict, La. about 60 m. W. tram Baton Rottgfc. 



OPI— osw 



363 



I«at 30° 32' N. It contains a court-house, a 
jail, an academy, and a Roman Catholic church. 

OPICKON, r. Berkeley co. Va. which runs 
into the Potomac, E. of Bath. 

OPPENHEIM, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on 
N. side of the Mohawk, 15 m. W. from Johns- 
town, 56 WNW. from Albany. Pop. 3,650. 

OQUAGO, v. Broome co. N, Y. on the Sus- 
quehanna, 16 m. E. from Chenango-Point, 

ORAN, v. Onondaga co. N. Y. 

ORANGE, co. E. side of Vt. bounded N. by 
Caledonia and Washington cos. E. by Connec- 
ticut river, S. by Windsor co. W. by Addison 
eo. and NW. by Washington co. Pop. 27,285. 
Chief towns, Chelsea, Newbury, and Randolph. 

ORANGE, t Orange co. Vt. 13 m. SE. from 
Montpelier. Pop. 1,016. 

ORANGE, t. Grafton co. N. H. 14 m. SW. 
-from Plymouth, and 40 NNW. from Concord. 
Pop. 405, 

ORANGE, t. Franklin co. Mass. 14 m. E. 
from Greenfield, and 75 WNW. from Boston. 
Pop. 880. 

ORANGE, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Sulli- 
van and Ulster cos E. by the Hudson, SE. by 
Rockland co. SW. by New Jersey and Penn- 
sylvania. Pop. in 1820, 41,213 ; in 1830, 45,372. 
Chief towns, Newburgh and Goshen. 

ORANGE, t. Essex co. N. J. 4 m. W. from 
Newark. Pop. 3,887. It adjoins to Newark, 
on the W. Here is an academy. The excel- 
lent cider, known by the name of Newark ci- 
der, is chiefly made in this township. 

ORANGE, co. In. bounded by Crawford S. 
Dubois S W. Owen W. Lawrence N. and W ash- 
ington E. Length 22 m. mean width 18. Pop. 
in 1820, 5,368 ; in 1830, 7,909. Chief town, 
Paoli. 

ORANGE, co. central part of Va. bounded 
N. by Madison and Culpeper cos. SE. by Spott- 
sylvania co. S. by Louisa and Albemarle cos. 
and WNW. by Rockingham. Pop. 14,637, of 
whom 7,983 are slaves. Chief town, Orange. 

ORANGE, co. N. part of N.C. Pop. 23,875. 
Chief town, Hillsborough. 

ORANGE, t Delaware co. Ohio, watered by 
Alum Creek. Pop. 369. 

ORANGE, t Grafton co. N. H. Pop. 405. 

ORANGEBURG, district, central part of 
S. C. Pop. 18,455. 

ORANGEBURG, t. and cap. Orangeburg 
district, S.'C. on N. branch of the Edisto, 40 
m. SSW. from Columbia, and 77 NNW. from 
Charleston. It contains a court-house, a jail, 
about 20 houses, and an academy. 

ORANGE SPRINGS, or Gum Springs, v. 
Orange co. Va. 

ORANGETOWN, t Rockland co. N. Y. on 
W. side of the Hudson, 28 m. N. from New 
York. Pop. 1,947, This town lies on the S. 
part of Tappan Bay, an expansion of the Hud- 
son. Major Andre was hanged here as a spy. 

ORANGEVILLE, t. between Sheldon and 
Warsaw, Genesee co. N. Y. on the head of 
Tonne wanto creek, 20 m. S. from Batavia. 
Pop. 1,525. 

ORANGEVILLE, v. Columbia co. Pa. 

ORFORD, t Grafton co. N. H. on the Con- 
necticut, opposite Fairlee, with which it is con- 



nected by a bridge, 10 m. S. from Haverhill, 
64 NNW. from Concord. Pop. 1,829. Here 
is a pleasant village, and the town contains a 
valuable quarry of soapstone. 

ORFORD, v. Hartford co. Ct. 

ORLAND, t. Hancock co. Me. on E. side 
of the Penobscot, opposite Prospect, 14 m. N. 
from Castine, 238 NE. from Boston. Pop. 975. 

ORLEAN, v. Fauquier co. Va. 

ORLEANS, co. N. part of Vt. bounded N. 
by Canada, E. by Essex co. SE. by Caledonia 
co. S. by Washington co and W. by Franklin 
co. Pop. in 1820, 6,976 ; in 1830, 13,980. 
Chief towns, Irasburg, Craftsbury, and Brown- 
ington. 

ORLEANS, t. Barnstable co. Mass. 20 m. 
E. from Barnstable, and 85 SE. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,799. 

ORONO, t. Penobscot co. Me. on W. side 
of the Penobscot above Bangor, 43 m. N. from 
Castine, 246 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,473. 

ORPHAN ISLAND, isl.Me.near the mouth 
of the Penobscot, between Prospect and Or- 
land, containing about 10,000 acres. 

ORRESKANNY, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 

ORRINGTON, t, Penobscot co. Me. on E. 
side of the Penobscot, opposite Hampden, 33 
m. N. from Castine. Pop. 1,234. 

ORRSVILLE, v. Pendleton district, S. C. 

ORVILLE, v. Onondaga co. N. Y. 

ORWELL, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. Pop. 106. 

ORWELL, t. Rutland co. Vt. on Lake Cham- 
plain, 58 m. SW. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,5.98. 

ORWELL, t Oswego co. N. Y. Pop. 501. 

ORWELL, v. Bradford co. Pa. 

ORWICKSBURG, t. bor. and seat of justice, 
Schuylkill co. Pa. It stands on a rising ground, 
7 m. above the Schuylkill Water-gap, and 10 E 
from the coal-mines near Mount Carbon, 26 m. 
NW. from Reading. It contains a court-house 
and jail, a number of stores, and an academy. 

OSAGE, r. La. which joins the Missouri, 
133 rn. from the Mississippi. It is a very 
crooked river, and is navigable for boats about 
600 miles. 

OSNABURG, v. and t. Stark co. Ohio, 5 m. 
E. from Canton, on the road leading to New 
Lisbon. Pop. 1,620. 

•OSSIAN, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Pop. 812. 

OSSIPEE, t. Strafford co. N. H. 55 m. NNW. 
from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,935. 

OSSIPEE, lake, N. H. chiefly in NE. part 
of the township of Ossipee, about 1,000 rods 
long from N. to S. and 600 broad. 

OSSIPEE, r. which flows from Ossipee 
Lake into the Saco, N. of Cornish, in Maine, 
15 m. E. from Lake Ossipee. 

OSSIPEE, Little, r. Me. which runs into 
the Saco, 12 m. below Great Ossipee. 

OSWEGATCHIE, t. St. Lawrence co. on 
the St. Lawrence, at N. end of Black Lake ; 
116 m. N. from Utica, 212 NW. from Albany. 
Pop. 3,934. It contains the village of Ogdens- 
burg. 

OSWEGATCHIE, r. St Lawrence co. 
N. Y. which runs into the St. Lawrence at 
Ogdensburg. Length 120 miles. 

OSWEGO, r. N. Y. which runs from Onei. 
da Lake into Lake Ontario. After a very 



364 



OSW—OWL 



crooked course of 18 m. it meeta Seneca river 
at Three River Point, whence to its mouth it 
is 24 miles. The principal fall is in Volney, 
12 m. from Oswego. Its navigation is im- 
proved by locks and canals. 

OSWEGO, co. N. Y. bounded NW. by Lake 
Ontario, N. by Jefferson co. E. by Lewis and 
Oneida cos. S. by Oneida Lake, Onondaga and 
Cayuga cos. and W. by Cayuga. Pop. 27,104. 
Chief towns, Oswego and Richland. 

OSWEGO, v. Oswego co. N. Y. at the 
mouth of the Oswego; 114 m. W. from Utica, 
379 from W. Lat. 43° 28' N. Pop. 2,703. This 
is a flourishing, commercial village. Great 
quantities of salt are brought here from the 
Bait-works at Liverpool and Salina, and ex- 
ported. It is well situated for manufacturing, 
the Oswego river forming convenient water- 
power, conducted to this place from the falls 
in a canal. It has some shipping. 

OSWEGO FALLS, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 

OTEGO, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 20 m. SW. of 
Cooperstown. Pop. 1,148. 

OTEGO CREEK, r. Otsego co. N. Y. which 
runs into the Susquehannah, in the township 
of Otego. Length 28 miles. 

OTIS, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 28 m. SE. of 
Lenox, 34 W. of Springfield, 116 W. of Boston. 
Pop. 1,014. 

OTISCO, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. 7 m. S. of 
Onondaga, 50 W. of Utica. Pop. 1,938. 

OTISCO CREEK, r. in Onondaga co. N.Y. 
which runs into Onondaga Lake. 

OTSEGO, co. central part of N. Y. bounded 
N. by Herkimer and Montgomery cos. E. by 
Schoharie co. S. by Delaware co. and W. by 
Chenango and Madison cos. Pop. in 1820, 
44,856 ; in 1830, 51,372. Chief town, Coopers- 
town. 

OTSEGO, t. and cap. Otsego co. N. Y. 66 
m. W. of Albany. Pop. 4,363, including Coop- 
erstown. See Cooperstoicn. 

OTSEGO, lake, in Otsego co. N. Y. 66 m. 
W. from Albany ; 9 m. long, and 3 broad. 

OTSELIC, t. Chenango co. N. Y. Pop. 
1,238. 

OTSQUAGA CREEK, r. N.Y. which runs 
into the Mohawk, E. of Minden. Length 25 m. 

OTTAWA, large river of British America, 
rises N. from Lake Huron, and flowing SE. 
falls into the St. Lawrence, 25 m. NW. from 
Montreal. It forms part of the boundary be- 
tween Upper and Lower Canada. Its volume 
of water is very great, for its length of course. 
Though much obstructed by rapids, it is one 
of the channels of inland trade from Montreal 
to the NW. 

OTTER BRIDGE, v. Bedford co. Pa. 

OTTER CREEK, r. Vt. which rises near 
Dorset, and running W. of N. flows into Lake 
Champlain, at Basin Harbor, in Ferrisburg. 
It is navigable for sloops to Vergennes, 6 m. 
Length 85 miles. 

OTTER CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into 
the Ohio. 

OTTER CREEK, r. Va. which runs into 
the Staunton. 

OTTSVTLLE, v. Bucks co. Pa. 
OUJSCONSIN, r. of the U. S. in the NW. 



Territory, rises at lat. 46° N. and between Im* 
12° and 13 W. from W. interlocking with the. 
Menomonie of Green Bay, and with the south* 
ern rivers of Lake Superior. It thence flows 
S. to about lat. 43° 45', where it approaches so 
very near Fox river of Green Bay, as to leave 
only a portage of one mile and a half. Below 
the portage the Ouisconsin turns to SW. by 
W. and falls into Mississippi, about 5 m. below 
Prairie du Chien, at lat. 43° N. This stream 
forms one of the great natural channels of 
communication between the St. Lawrence and 
Mississippi basins. Though generally rapid 
in its current, it is unimpeded by cataracts, or 
even dangerous choals. The entire length by 
comparative courses is 350 miles, nearly one 
half of which distance is below the portage. 

OUIATAN, or Ouatinon, v. and fort, In. on 
the Wabash, about 400 m. above its mouth ; 
130 m. S. from Fort St. Joseph. Lat. 40° 30' N. 
The Wabash is navigable to this place with 
keel-boats. 

OVERTON, co. Ten. bounded by Cumber- 
land co. in Ken. N. Morgan co. Ten. E. Bled- 
soe S. White SW. and Jackson W. Length 
40 m. mean width 15. Chief town, Monroe. 
Pop. in 1820, 7,128; in 1830, 7,188. 

OVERTON, t. Perry co. Ten. 153 m. W. 
from Murfreesborough. 

OVID, t. and cap. Seneca co. N. Y. 20 m. S. 
by E. from Geneva, 41 N. from Elvira, 205 W. 
from Albany, 317 from W. Pop. 2,756. It is 
situated between Seneca and Cayuga lakes, 
and is a large and excellent agricultural town. 
It contains the county buildings, a printing- 
office, and 4 houses of public worship. 

O WASCO, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. 3 m. SE. of 
Auburn, 160 W. of Albany. Pop. 1,350. 

O WASCO, lake, in Cayuga co. N Y. 11 m. 
long, and 1£ broad. Owasco creek runs from 
this lake and joins the Seneca. Length 15 m. 

OWEGO, v. in Tioga, Broome co. N.Y. on 
the Susquehannah, near the mouth of Owego 
creek, 10 m. S. from Spencer, 170 SW. from 
Albany. It is a considerable and flourishing 
village, and has a printing-office. 

OWEGO CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs into 
the Susquehannah, near the village of Owego ; 
25 miles long. 

OWEN, co. Ken. bounded by Kentucky r. 
W. Gallatin NW. Garrat N. Harrison E. and 
Scott and Franklin S. Length 20 m. mean 
width 12. Chief town, Owentown. Pop. m 
1820, 2,031 ; in 1830, 5,793. 

OWEN, co. In. bounded by Dubois S. Da. 
vies W. Martin N. and Lawrence and Orange 
E. Length 24 m. width 18 Chief town, Green- 
wich. Pop. in 1820, 838 ; in 1830, 4,060. 

OWENTON, t. and seat of justice, Owen 
co. Ken. on a branch of Eagle creek, 20 m. 
NNE. of Frankfort. Lat. 38° 31' N. Pop. 143. 

OWENVILLE, v. Gibson co. In. 190 m. 
SW. from Indianapolis. 

OWINGSVILLE, v. Bath co. Ken. 70 m. 
E. from Frankfort. Pop. 241. 

OWENBOROUGH, v. Davies co. Ken. 
Pop. 229. 

OWL CREEK, r. Ohio, which joins the 
Mohiccon, on the borders of Coshocton ca 



OWL— PAL 



365 



OWL'S HEAD, cape of Me. on W. side of 
She entrance of Penobscot Bay, on E. side of 
Thorn astown. 

OXBOW, Great, remarkable bend of the 
river Connecticut, in the township of Newbury, 
Vt. containing 450 acres of the finest meadow 
land. 

OXFORD, co. W. part of Me. bounded E. 
by Somerset and Kennebeck cos. S. by Cum- 
berland and Oxford cos. and W, and NW. by 
N. H, Pop. in 1820, 27,104; in 1830, 35,217. 
Chief town, Paris. 

OXFORD, t. Worcester co. Mass. 11 m. S. 
from Worcester, 50 SW. from Boston. Pop. 
2,034. 

OXFORD, t. New Haven co. Ct 16 m. NW. 
from New Haven. Pop. 1,762. 

OXFORD, t. Chenango co. N.Y. 8 m. S. 
from Norwich, 110 W. from Albany. Pop. 
2,947. It has an academy, and a considerable 
village. A weekly newspaper is published here. 

OXFORD, t. Warren co. N. J. on E. side of 
the Delaware, 17 m. NNE. from Easton. Pop. 
5,665. 

OXFORD FURNACE, v. Sussex co. N. J. 

OXFORD, t. Chester co. Pa. 

OXFORD, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. on the 
Delaware, 8 m. NE. from Philadelphia. 

OXFORD, t. Adams co. Pa. 

OXFORD, t. and port of entry, Talbot co. 
Md. on the Treadhaven, 8 m. above its mouth, 
13 SSW. from Easton, 48 SE. from Baltimore, 
it is a place of considerable trade. 

OXFORD, t. Caroline co. Va. 

OXFORD, t. Granville co. N. C. 30 m. N. 
by W. from Raleigh. Here are a church and 
2 ciCtLclcmics 

OXFORD, t. Butler co. Ohio, 35 m. NW. 
from Cincinnati, 110 SW. from Columbus. The 
land of this township belongs to the Miami 
University. Pop. 2,928, 

OXFORD, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 
218. 

OXFORD, t Guernsey co. Ohio, 4 m. E. of 
Cambridge. Pop. 1,798. 

OXFORD, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 741. 

OXFORD, t. Delaware co. Ohio. 

OXFORD, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 46a 

OXFORD, Upper, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 
1,433. 

OYSTER BAY, t. Queen's co. N. Y. on 
Long Island Sound, 25 m E. from New York. 
Pop. 5,193. Here is an academy, and several 
houses of public worship. 

OYSTER BAY, South, v. Queen's co. N.Y. 

OYSTER RIVER, r. N. H. which rises in 
Lee, and flows throup-h Durham into Great 
Bay, 

OZAMA, r. Hispaniola, which runs into the 
sea below the town of St. Domingo. 

OZAN, t. Hempstead co. Arkansas. 

OZARK MOUNTAINS, U. S. an elevated 
and mountainous tract, commencing near the 
confluence of the rivers Missouri and Missis- 
lippi, and extending in a SW. direction across 
Arkansas territory into the province of Texas. 
It attains its greatest elevation in the NE. 
diminishing in height and increasing in breadth 



as you advance to the SW. It is traversed by 
the Arkansas and Red rivers ; its western base 
is washed by the Illinois and the Osage, and 
on the E. it gives rise to the St. Francis, White 
river, and the Wachitta. 

P. 

PACHUCA, t. Mexico, famous for its silver 
mines. Some authors say, that in the space 
of six leagues, there are not less than a thou- 
sand. One of which, called Trinity, is sup- 
posed to be as rich as any in the Spanish do- 
minions, forty millions of silver having been 
taken from it in 10 years. It is 45 m. NNE. 
from Mexico. 

PACOLET, r. which rises in N. C. and 
unites with Broad river, at Pinckneyville, in 
S. C. Pacolet Springs are upon it, 17 m 
above Pinckneyville. 

PAGAN CREEK, r. Va. which runs into 
James river. 

PAGE, Le, r. N. America, which runs NW. 
into the Columbia, above the Falls. 

PAGESVILLE, v. Newberry district, S. C. 
58 m. NW. from Columbia. 

PAINESVILLE, t. Geauga co. Ohio, on 
Grand river, near its mouth, about 30 m. E. 
from Cleveland. It is a very flourishing town, 
the largest in the county, and has considera- 
ble trade. Pop. 1,499. 

PAINESVILLE, t. Amelia co. Va. 

PAINT, t. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 2,162. 

PAINT, t. Fayette co. Ohio. Pop. 963. 

PAINT CREEK, r. Ohio. It is a western 
branch of the Scioto, which it joins 5 m. below 
Chillicothe. 

PAINT CREEK, v. Floyd co. Ken. 221 m. 
SSE. from Frankfort. 

PAINTED-POST, t. Steuben co. N. Y. on 
the Tioga, 20 m. SE. from Bath, 234 WSW. 
from Albany. Pop. 974. It takes its name 
from a painted post near the Coshocton, sup- 
posed to be an Indian monument of great 
antiquity. 

PAINTER CREEK, western brook of Still- 
water rivulet, emptying into said rivulet in 
Miami co. Ohio. It rises in Darke co. 

PAINTLICK CREEK, r. Ken. which runs 
into the river Kentucky. 

PAINTVILLE, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 15 m. 
SE. from Wooster. 

PALATINE, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on 
N. side of the Mohawk, 10 m. W. from 
Johnstown, 51 WNW. from Albany. Pop. 
2,745. 

PALATINE BRIDGE, v. Montgomery co. 
N.Y. 

PALESTINE, t. Lawrence co. In. 

PALESTINE, v. Crawford co. IL 80 m. 
eastward from Vandalia. 

PALMER, t. Hampden co. Mass. 16 m. 
E. Springfield, 71 WSW. from Boston Pop. 
1,237. 

PALMERSTOWN, v. Saratoga co. N.Y. 
46 m. from Albany. 

PALMYRA, t. Somerset co. Me. 28 m. E. 
from Norridgewock, 215 NNE. from Boston, 
Pop. 912. 



S66 



PAL — PAR 



PALMYRA, t. Dauphin co. Pa. 128 m. W. 
from W. 

PALMYRA, t. Wayne co. Pa. 
PALMYRA, t. Portage co. Ohio, 8 m. ESE. 

from Ravenna. Pop. 839. 

PALMYRA, t. Martin co. N.C. 

PALMYRA, t. Montgomery co. Tennessee, 
on the Cumberland, 15 m. below Clarkesville, 
65 NW. from Nashville. 

PALMYRA, v. Wayne co. N. Y. near Mud 
creek, and on the Erie canal, 12 m. nearly N. 
from Canandaigua. Pop. 3,427. 

PALMYRA, t. Pike co. Pa. 6 m. SE. from 
Bethany. 

PALMYRA, v. Lebanon co. Pa. 15 m. E. 
from Harrisburg. 

PALMYRA, t. Halifax co. N> C 

PALMYRA, v, at Palmyra Bend, Warren 
co. Mis. 25 m. below Walnut Hill. 

PALMYRA, t. and cap. Edwards co. II. 
on the Great Wabash, 20 m. below Vincennes, 
40 NE* from Carmi. It is situated in a fine 
country 

PALMYRA, t. Mississippi, at Palmyra- 
Bend, about 25 m. below Walnut Hills. 

PALMYRA, t. Edwards co. II. on the Wa- 
bash, 40 m. by water below Vincennes. 

PALMYRA, v. Pike co. Missouri, 192 m. 
NW. from St. Louis. 

PALOURDE, Grassy, Jean, and Verret 
form a chain of small lakes between Teche 
and the Fourche river, La. It is through this 
chain of lakes that a ferry has been established 
from the mouth of Teche to the Fourche and 
Mississippi rivers. The intermediate ground 
is so low and marshy, as to render the forma- 
tion of a road at any season impracticable. A 
small canal and creek unite the Fourche, 16 
m. from its efflux from the Mississippi, with 
Lake Verret, from which the lakes mentioned 
in this article, and their connecting channels, 
complete the communication between the east- 
ern and western part of the state. 

PAMELIA, t. Jefferson co. N.Y. Pop. 
2,263. 

PAMLICO SOUND, a large bay on the 
coast of N. Carolina, 86 m. long, and from 10 
to 20 broad. It is separated from the sea by 
a sandy beach hardly a mile wide, which is 
covered with bushes. It communicates with 
Albemarle Sound. Ocreeock is its principal 
outlet. 

PAMUNKY, r. Va. formed by the N. and 
S. Anna. It runs SE. and unites with the 
Mattapony to form York river. 

PANAMA, v. Chatauque co. N. Y. 

PANSE, r. In. which flows NW. into the 
Wabash, a little above the junction of the Tip- 
pecanoe. 

PANUCO, river of Mexico, rises near San 
Luis Potosi, and flowing E. over the state of 
San Luis Potosi, falls into the Moctezuema. 

PANUCO, city of Mexico, in the state of 
Vera Cruz, on the river Panuco, near the Gulf 
of Mexico, and 170 m. N. by E. of the city of 
Mexico. Lon. 21° 30' W.; lat. 23° 13' N. 
from W. 

PANTHER CREEK, r. Ken. which runs 
Into the Green river. 



PANTON, t. Addison co. Vt. on Lake 
Champlain, 33 in. S. from Burlington. Pop. 
605. 

PAOLI, t. and cap. Orange co. In. 27 N. 
from Levenworthville, 40 E. from Vincennes. 

PAOLI, v. Orange co. N. Y. 

PAOLI, v. Orange co. In. 

PAPANTLA, t. of Mexico, in the state of 
Puebla, about 130 m. NE. from the city of 
Mexico. Lon. 20° 40' W.; lat. 20° 30' N. 
from W. This place is very remarkable for 
the magnitude and extent of antiquities found 
within its vicinity* 

PAPASQUIARO, v, of Mexico, in the SW. 
part of the state of Durango. Lat. 24° 58' N» 
It is about 70 m. NW. by W. from Durango. 

PAPER VILLE, v. Sullivan co. Ten. 278 
m. NE. by E. from Murfreesborough. 

PARADISE, v. Lancaster co. Pa. 

PARADISE, t. York co. Pa. 

PARIS, t. and cap. Oxford co. Me. 48 m. 
NNW. from Portland, 160 NNE.from Boston. 
Pop. 2,307. It contains a court-house, a jail, 
2 houses of public worship, 1 for Congregation- 
alists, and 1 for Baptists. 

PARIS, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 8 m. SW. from 
Utica, 101 N. of W. from Albany. Pop. 2,765. 
This is a large and valuable township, and is 
the most populous in the county, and, next to 
Whitestown, the most wealthy. It contains 
7 houses of public worship, 3 for Congrega- 
tionalists, 2 for Methodists, 1 for Episcopalians, 
and 1 for Baptists ; several flourishing villages, 
and considerable manufactures. 

PARIS, t. Fauquier co. Va. 

PARIS, central t. of Union co. Ohio. Pop 
436. 

PARIS, small village, Preble co. Ohio. 
PARIS, t. Portage co. Ohio. Pop. 250. 
PARIS, eastern t. of Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,513. 

PARIS, v. Jefferson co. In. about 60 m. W. 
from Cincinnati. 

PARIS, or Bourbonton, t. and cap. Bourbon 
co. Ken. near the junction of the Houston and 
Stoner creeks, 13 m. ENE. from Lexington, 
80 S. from Cincinnati. It is a pleasant town, 
situated in a fertile country, and contains a 
court-house, a jail, a bank, an academy, a Pres- 
byterian and a Methodist meeting-house, and 
several cotton and woollen manufactories. A 
great part of the buildings are of brick. The 
surrounding country is pleasant and fertile. 
Pop. 1,219. 

PARIS, v. and seat of justice, Henry co. 
Ten. on the dividing ground between the 
sources of Obiou and Sandy rivers, about 100 
m. a little N. of W. from Nashville. 

PARIS FURNACE, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 

PARISHVILLE, v. of St. Lawrence co. 
N. Y. 35 m. SE. by E. from Ogdensburg. 

PARKE, co. In. on both sides of Wabash 
river, bounded E. by Putnam, and S. by Vigo. 
Length and breadth 24 tn. each. This co. lies 
about 60 m. W. from Indianapolis. 

PARKER, r. Mass. which falls into the 
sound opposite Plum Island, NE. of Rowlev- 

PARKER'S CREEK, r. Md. which runs 
into the Chesapeake. 



PAR — PAT 



367 



PARKER'S ISLAND, isl. at the mouth of 
the Kennebeck, forming a part of the town- 
ship of Georgetown. 

PARKER'S ISLAND, isl. in the Chesa- 
peake, near the coast of Maryland, 15 m. S. 
from Annapolis. Lon. 76° 41' W.; lat. 38° 
53' N. 

PARKERSBURG, t. and cap. Wood co. Va. 

PARKERSTOWN, t. Rutland co. Vt. 32 
m. WNW. from Windsor. 

PARKINSON'S FERRY, v. Washington 
co. Pa. 

PARKMAN, t. Somerset co. Me. 38 m. NE. 
from Norridgewock. Pop. 803. 

PARKMAN, t. Geauga co. Ohio. 

PARSIPPANY, v. Morris co. N. J. 25 m. 
NW. from Newark. 

PARSON'S, t. Essex co. Mass. 

PARSONSFIELD, t. York co. Me. 50 m. 
NNW. from York co. Me. 118 m. NNE. from 
Boston. Pop. 2,465. 

PARSON'S ISLAND, small isl. near the 
coast of Maine. Lon. 67° 25' W ; lat. 44° 
36' N. 

PASCAGOULA, t. Miss. 



PASCAGOULA, r. Miss, which runs S. into 
the gulf of Mexico, 38 m. W. from Mobile 
Bay. It is navigable for vessels drawing 6 feet 
of water about 50 m. Length about 300 m. 

PASCATAQUAS, r. Me. runs E. into the 
Penobscot, 9 m. above the Passadunky. 

PASCUARO, city of Mexico, in the state 
of Michoacan, on Lake Pascuaro. It is ele- 
vated 7,217 feet above the level of the Pacific 
Ocean, 135 m. W. from Mexico. 

PASO, del Norte, town of Mexico, in New 
Mexico, on the Rio Grande del Norte. Lon. 
from W. 26- 3' W. ; lat. 30° 40' N. 

PASQUIARO, town of Mexico, in Durango, 
near the Rio Nasos. 

PASQUOTANK, r. N. C. which rises in 
Dismal Swamp, and runs into Albemarle 
Sound. It is connected with Elizabeth river 
by a canal, which forms a communication be- 
tween James river and Albemarle Sound. 

PASQUOTANK, co. NE. part of N. C. 
Pop. 8,616. Chief town, Elizabeth city 

PASSADUNKY, or Passadumkeag, r. Me. 
which runs SE. and joins the Penobscot, 19 
m. above Bangor. 




PASSAIC FALLS. 



PASSAIC, r. N. J. which flows S. into New- 
ark Bay. It is navigable 10 m. for small ves- 
sels. At Patterson, which is situated on this 
stream, are the Passaic Falls : here the river 
has a fall of 72 feet perpendicular, presenting a 
scene of singular beauty and grandeur. It is 
much visited as an interesting natural curiosity. 

PASSAMAQUODDY, bay, which forms a 
part of the boundary between Maine and New 
Brunswick. It is about 6 m. in extent from N. 
to S. and 12 from E. to W. 

PATAPSCO, r. Md. rises in the NW. cor- 
ner of Baltimore co. runs SE. and empties into 
the Chesapeake Bay, between North Point and 
Bodkin Point. It is navigable to Baltimore 
city, which is situated on it, 14 m. from its 
mouth, for vessels of the largest class. 

PATCHOGNE, t. on the S. side of Long 
Island, Suffolk co, N. Y. 50 m. E. from the 
city of N. Y. 

PATCHOGUE, v. in Brookhaven, N. Y. 

PATESVILLE, v. Breckenridge co. Ken. 

PATIENCE, isl. in Narraganset Bay, R. I. 
NW. of Prudence Island^ 2 miles long and 1 
broad. I 



PATOKA, r. U. S. in In. rising in Orange 
and Crawford cos. and flowing thence in a 
western direction, about 80 m. over Dubois, 
Pike, and Gibson cos. empties into the Wabash, 
3 m. below the mouth of White river. 

PATRICK, co. S. side of Va. bounded N. 
by Franklin co. E. by Henry co. S. by N. C. 
and NW. by Grayson and Montgomery cos. 
Pop. 7,3.93. 

P ATR ICKS VILLE, v. Guilford co. N. C. 

PATRICKSVILLE, v. Craven co. N. C. 
near Newbern. 

PATRICKTOWN, t. Lincoln co. Me. 
Pop. 382. 

PATRICK, C. H. Patrick co. Va. 45 m. SE. 
by E. from Evansville, and 270 SW. by W. 
from Richmond. 

PATRICK'S SALT WORKS, Perry co. 
Ken. 87 m. SE. from Frankfort. 

PATTEN'S CREEK, r. Ken. which runs 
into the Ohio. Lon. 85° 50' W.; lat. 38° 
22' N. 

PATTERSON, t. Essex co. N. J. on the 
Passaic, 15 m. N. from Newark, 97 in. NNE. 
from Philadelphia. Patterson is one of the 



368 



PAT — PEE 



largest and most flourishing manufacturing 
villages W. of Massachusetts. It is situated 
just below the romantic falls of the Passaic, 
which supplies water-power to any extent. 
The numerous establishments have recently 
created a very considerable town. It contains 
17 cotton factories, a clock factory, an iron fac- 
tory, manufacturing 900,000 lbs. iron, and 
850,000 lbs. nails. The cotton factories annu- 
ally manufacture 2,000,000 lbs. The flax fac- 
tory 600,000 lbs. of flax. There is one machine 
shop employing 150 hands. Connected with 
it is an iron and brass foundery, working an- 
nually 600,000 lbs of iron, and 16,500 of brass. 
It contains 5 or 6 houses of public worship. 

PATTERSON, t. Putnam co. N. Y. 23 m. 
SE. from Poughkeepsie, 107 SSE. from Al- 
bany. Pop. 1,536. 

PATTISON'S CREEK, r. Va. runs into the 
Potomac. Lon. 78° 46' W. ; lat. 39° 32' N. 

PATTONSBURG, v. Botetourt co. Va. 

PATUCKET FALLS, on the Merrimack, 
between Chelmsford and Dracut, a little above 
the mouth of Concord river, 1^ m. below the 
head of Middlesex canal, 10 m. W. from An- 
dover. The perpendicular descent is 28 feet. 
A canal 1^ m. long is constructed around the 
falls, and a bridge is built across the river at 
the principal descent. Here is a small village 
in the township of Chelmsford, with a post- 
office and several cotton manufactories. 

PATUXENT, r. Md. which runs SE. into 
Chesapeake Bay, 18 m. N. of the Potomac. It 
is navigable for vessels of 250 tons to Notting- 
ham, 50 m. 

PAULDING, co. Ohio, bounded by In. W. 
Williams N. Henry and Putnam E. and Van- 
wert S. Length 24 m. mean width 18. Mau- 
mee river crosses its northern side. 

PAULINGS, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. on the 
Hudson. 

PAULIN'S KILL, r. N. J. which runs into 
the Delaware. Lon. 75° 9' W.; lat. 40° 54' N. 

PAWCATUCK, r. which runs between 
Rhode Island and Connecticut, and falls into 
Stonington Harbor. 

PAWLET, r. which rises in Vt. and runs 
NW. into Wood Creek, in New York. 

PAWLET, t. Rutland co. Vt. 33 m. N. from 
Bennington. Pop. 1,965. This is a consider- 
able agricultural township, and has a village 
containing some manufactures and trade. 

PAWLING, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 20 m. 
SE. from Poughkeepsie, 105 S. from Albany. 
Pop. 1,705. 

PAWTUCKET, v. partly in North Provi- 
dence, R. I. and partly in Seekhonk, Mass. on 
the Pawtucket r. 4 m. NE. from Providence. 
Pop. about 4,000. It is noted for the number 
and extent of its manufactures, and the thri- 
ving village that has sprung up about them. 
These factories are at the charming cascade 
of Pawtucket river. Five or six public build- 
ings, two banks, ten or twelve cotton factories, 
and as many other factories, have here been 
the growth of a few years. The whirling of 
the mills, the dashing of the water, and the 
activity of the village, altogether constitute a 
spectacle of great interest. 



! PAWTUCKET, r. R. I. which rises in Mass, 
where it is called the Blackstone, passes through, 
NE. part of Rhode Island, and flows into Nar- 
raganset Bay, just below Providence. Below 
the falls it is called the Seekhonk. The de- 
scent at the falls is about 50 feet. 

PAWTUXET, v. in Cranston, R. I. at the 
mouth of the Pawtuxet, 4 m. S. from Provi- 
dence. It contains a bank and an academy. 
It is a flourishing village, and has consider- 
able trade. 

PAXTON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 8 m. W. 
Worcester, 48 W. from Boston. Pop. 597. 
PAXTON, t. Ross co. Ohio. Pop. 791. 
PAYNESVILLE, v. Rockingham co. N.C. 
PEABODY, r. N. H. which joins the An 
droscoggin, in Shelburne. 

PEACE RIVER. See Mackenzie's River. 
PEACHAM, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 6 m. S. 
from Danville, 27 E. from Montpelier, 51 N 
from Dartmouth College. Pop. 1,351. This 
is a pleasant and valuable agricultural town, 
and it has a small village containing an 
academy and a Congregational meeting-house. 
PEACH BOTTOM, v. York co. Pa. 
PEACH TOWN, v. Tompkins co. N. Y. 
PEAKS, mts. extending from Strafford in 
N. H. to the White Mountains; 2,500 feet high. 

PEAKS OF OTTER, in Bedford co. Va. 
30 m. W. by N. from Lynchburg. Lat. 37° 
33' N. They are summits of the Blue Ridge> 
and are considered the most elevated points of 
land in Virginia. The altitude of the eastern 
peak, is 3,104 feet ; that of the western, 2,946. 
According to another statement, the elevation 
is 3,955 feet. The summits are composed of 
granite. 

PEARLINGTON, v. Hancock co. Mis. 56 
m. SE. from Jackson. 

PEARL RIVER, r. Mis. which runs S. and 
joins the Rigolets, which forms a communica- 
tion between Lakes Ponchartrain and Borgnc 
In the S. part of its course, Pearl River sepa- 
rates the state of Mississippi from Louisiana* 
It is the largest river between the Mississippi 
and Mobile. 
PEASE, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 2,271. 
PEDEE, Great, r. S.C. which rises in N.C. 
where it is called Yadkin, and runs SSE. into. 
Winyaw Bay, near Georgetown, and commu- 
nicates with the Atlantic, 12 m. below George- 
town. It is navigable for boats of 60 or 70 
tons, about 200 m. 

PEDEE, Little, r. S.C. which rises in N.C. 
and unites with the Great Pedee,. 32 m.. above 
its mouth. 

PEDLAR'S MILLS, v. Amhezst co. Va. 150 
m. W. from Richmond. 

PEDRICKSBURG, v. Salem co. N.J. 10 
m. N. from Salem. 

PEEKSKILL, v. in Cortlaadt, Westches- 
ter co. N. Y. on E. bank of the Hudson, near 
the mouth of Peekskill creek,, 40 m. N. from 
New York. It has a printing-office, and con- 
siderable trade. 

PEELED OAK, v. Bath co. Ken. 73 m. E. 
from Frankfort. 

PEELING, t. Grafton co. N. H. 20 m. N. 
from Plymouth, and 557 from W. Pop 203. 



PEE— PER 



8G9 



There are 3 considerable mountains in this 
township, viz. Cushman's, Blue, and Black 
mountains. 

PEEPEE, t. Ross co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 
J 8 m. S. from Chillicothe. 

PEGUNNOCK, r. N.J. which joins the 
Passaic, at Horseneck. 

PEJEPSCOT, or Pegypscot, t. Cumberland 
co. Me. on the Androscoggin, 30 m. NNE. from 
Portland, 140 NNE. from Boston. 

PELAGIE, r. La. which runs into the Mis- 
souri. Lon. 91° 30' W. ; lat. 38° 30' N. 

PELHAM, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 40 m. 
SSE. from Concord, 45 SW. from Portsmouth. 

PELHAM, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 14 m. 
ENE. from Northampton, 85 W. from Boston. 
Pop. 904. 

PELHAM, t. Westchester co. N.Y. on 
Long Island Sound, 18 m. NE. from New 
York. Pop. 334. 

PELICAN ISLAND, small isl. near the S. 
coast of Mississippi. 

PELICAN ISLANDS, cluster of small isls. 
near the coast of Mississippi. 

PEMAQUID, bay on the coast of Maine, 
containing several small islands. Lon. 69° 
30' W. ; lat. 43° 50' N. 

PEMBROKE, t. Merrimack co. N.H. on 
E. side of the Merrimack, 6 m. SE. from Con- 
cord. Pop. 1,312. It is a pleasant town, and 
contains several paper-mills and other manu- 
facturing establishments. 

PEMBROKE, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 12 m. 
NW. from Plymouth, 23 SSE. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,324. 

PEMBROKE, v. Genesee co. N. Y. 

PEMIGEW ASSET, name applied to the 
main branch of the Merrimack, till it is joined 
by the Winnipiseogee, at Sanborntown. Its 
sources are from the White Mountains, and 
Moosehillock, and its length, to its junction 
with the Winnipiseogee, about 70 m. 

PENDLETON, co. central part of Va. 
bounded NE. by Hardy co. ESE. by Rocking- 
ham and Augusta cos. S. by Bath, and WNW. 
by Randolph. Pop. 6,271. Chief town, Franklin. 

PENDLETON, co. N. part of Ken. Pop. 
3,866. Chief town, Falmouth. 

PENFIELD, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on the S. 
side of Lake Ontario, 23 m. NNW. from Ca- 
nandaigua. Here are valuable salt-springs, 
and abundance of bog iron-ore. 

PENNFIELD, NE. t. Monroe co N.Y. on 
Irondequot Bay, 6 m. E. from Rochester. 

PENNINGTON, v. Hunterdon co. N.J. 9 
m. W. from Princeton. It is pleasant and 
nourishing, and contains 40 or 50 houses. 

PENNSBOROUGH, v. Lycoming co. Pa. 
on E. side of the Susquehannah, about 18 m, 
ESE. from Williamsport. 

PENN'S CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into 
the Susquehannah, 4 m. below Sunbury. 

PENN'S NECK, Upper, t. Salem co. N.J. 

PENN'S NECK, Lower, t. Salem co. N. J. 

PENN'S VALLEY, in the SE. part of 
Centre co. Pa. between the Brush and Path 
Falley mountains. 

PENN YAN, t. and seat of justice, Yates 
2 W 



co. N. Y. is situated on the E, and W. line be 

tween the townships of Benton and Milo, and 
a small distance N. of the outlet of Crooked 
Lake, 13 m. nearly S. from Geneva. 
PENNSYLVANIA, one of the U. S. Sea 

page 77. 

PENNYTOWN, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. 
10 m. NNW. from Trenton. 
PENO, t. Pike co, Miso. 
PENOBSCOT, co. Maine, bounded E. by 
Washington and Hancock cos. S. by Hancock 
and Waldo cos. and W. by Somerset co. It is 
watered by the Penobscot, formed from N. part 
of Hancock co. Chief town, Bangor. Pop, 
31,530. 

PENOBSCOT, s-p. Hancock co. Me. on E. 
side of Penobscot Bay ; 4 m. N. from Castine, 
240 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,271. It is & 
place of considerable trade. 

PENOBSCOT, the largest river in Maine. 
The western and principal branch rises in the 
western part of the state, some of its sources 
being near the head-waters of the Chaudiere, 
and others near those of the St. John's. It 
flows E. by S. through Chcsuncook and Pem- 
midumpkok lakes, and unites with the eastern 
branch, 54 miles in a right line N. by E. from 
Bangor. 

PENOBSCOT BAY, large bay of the At- 
lantic, on S. coast of Maine. It embosoms 
Long Island, on which is the town of Islesbc 
rough, the Fox Islands, containing the town 
of Vinalhaven, and several smaller islands. It 
is a very fine bay, affords great advantages of 
navigation, and its islands present a variety of 
beautiful landscapes. Its entrance, between 
the Isle of Holt and Owl's Head, is 18 miles 
wide, and its length from N. to S. is about 30. 
Lon. 68° 40' to 68° 56' W.; lat. 44° to 44® 
30' N. 

PENOBSCOT HILLS, mountains, Me. on 
the W. coast of Penobscot Bay. 

PENSACOLA, t. Escambia co. W. Florida, 
on the Gulf of Mexico. It is the largest town 
in West Florida, and has a capacious harbor, 
but the town can be approached only by small 
vessels. It is a naval station of the U. States. 
The situation is comparatively healthy, and the 
town is somewhat thriving. The town was 
founded at an early period by the Spaniards. 
It is 50 m. ESE. from Mobile, 900 SW. from 
W. Lat. 30° 25' N. ; lon. 87° W. Pop. 2,000. 

PEPPERELL, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 6 m. 
NW. from Groton, 39 NW. from Boston. Pop. 
1,440. 

PEQUANNACK, t. Morris co. N. J. bor 
dering on Bergen co. Pop. 4,451. 

PEQUANOCK, small r. N. J. in Bergen 
and Morris cos. It joins Long Pond and Ram- 
pough rivers, at Pompton, to form Pompton 
river. 

PEQUEA CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into 
the Susquehannah, 2 or 3 miles below the 

Conestoga. 

PEQUEST, r. N. J. which runs into the 
Delaware, lon. 75° 10' W. ; lat 40° 47' N. 

PER AMES, v. Bergen co. N.J. 10 m. NNW. 
from Hackinsack, 21 NNW. from New York. 



370 



PER — PER 



PERCHE RIVER, v. n a small creek, so 
called, in Jefferson co. N. Y. The creek rises 
by a small lake, 18 or 20 m. NE. from Sack- 
et's Harbor, and falls into Black River Bay, 4 
miles below Brownsville. 

PERCHES AND CAVE, Rapids de, on the 
south-westerly branch of the Ottawa river, im- 
mediately above le Portages des Paresseux. 

PERCIVAL'S, v. Brunswick co. Va. 68 m. 
a little W. of S. from Richmond. 

PERCY, t. Northumberland co. L. C. 

PERCY, t. Northumberland co. U. C. in the 
rear and N. of Cramahe. 

PERDIDO, r. which runs S. separating 
West Florida from Alabama, and flows into 
the Gulf of Mexico 12 m. W. of Pensacola, 
and 32 E. of Mobile Point. It forms a con- 
siderable bay at its mouth. 

PERINTON, t. Monroe co. N. Y. between 
Pittsford and Macedon. The t. lies on both 
sides of the Erie canal, 10 m. SE. of Rochester. 
Pop. 2,155. 

PERKINS, t. Huron co. Ohio, in which is 
situated the town called Sandusky City. Pop. 
335. 

PERKINSONVILLE, v. Amelia co. Va. 

PERKIOMEN, r. Montgomery co. Pa. 
which runs into the Schuylkill, about 10 miles 
above Nor ri stow n. 

PEROTE, t. of Mexico, in the state of Vera 
Cruz, about 75 m. NW. from the city of Vera 
Cruz, and 110 nearly E. from Mexico. Lat. 
19° 30' N. Near this city rises the vast moun- 
tain called by the Spaniards Coffre de Perote, 
the Naughcampatepetl, of the Aztecs, 13,414 
feet above the level of the Gulf of Mexico. 

PERQUIMANS, r. N. C. which runs into 
the Atlantic, lat. 36° 5' N. 

PERQUIMANS, co. N. C. bounded by Al- 
bemarle Sound S. Chowan co. W. Gates NVV. 
and Pasquotank NE. and E. Length 20 m. 
mean width 10. Chief town, Hertford, Pop. 
7,417. 

PERRY, t. Washington co. Me. 25 m. NE. 
from Machias. Poo. 735. 

PERRY, t. Genesee co. N. Y. Pop. 2,792. 

PERRY, co. Pa. bounded by Cumberland S. 
Franklin SW. Mifflin NW. and the Susque- 
hannah river, or Dauphin SE. Length 38 m. 
mean width 14. Chief town, New Bioomfield. 
Pop. 14,257. 

PERRY, eo. Ken. bounded by Harlan S. 
Clay W. Estill NW. Pike N. and Floyd E. 
Length 50 m. mean width 20. Pop. 3,331. 

PERRY, interior co. of Ohio, bounded on 
the N. by Licking co. E. by Muskingum and 
Morgan, S. by Athens and Hocking, W. by 
Fairfield co. Length 24 m. width 18. Chief 
town, Somerset. Pop. 14,018. 

PERRY, t. Wayne co. Ohio. 

PERRY, t. Shelby co. Ohio. Pop. 349. 

PERRY, t. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 1,148. 

PERRY, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 1,082. 

PERRY, t. Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 1,018. 

PERRY, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,055. 

PERRY, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 14 m. S. of 
Lancaster. Pop. 814. 

PERRY, t. Gallia co. Ohio, 10 m. W. from 
Gallipolis. Pop. 622. 



PERRY, t. Franklin co. Ohio. Pop. 634'. 
PERRY, co. In. bounded by Ohio river SE' 
and S. Spencer W. Dubois NW. and Crawford 
N. and NE. Length 28 m. mean width 15. 
Surface broken, and soil fertile. Pop. in 1820, 
2,330 ; in 1830, 3,378. 

PERRY, co. Ten. bounded by Wayne S. 
Hardin SW. Henderson W. Carroll NW. Hum- 
phries N. and Hickman E. Length 33 m« 
mean width 26. Pop. in 1820, 2,384 ; in 1830, 
7,038. Shannonsville is the chief town. 

PERRY, central co. of Al. bounded by Dal- 
las S. Greene W. Tuscaloosa NW. Bibb NE. 
and Autauga SE. Cahawba river flows across 
this co. from N. to S. dividing it into almos 
equal sections. Pop. 11,509. 

PERRY, co. Mis. bounded by Jackson and 
Hancock S. Marion W. Covington N. and 
Greene E. Length 30 m. breadth 30. Pop. in 
1820, 2,037 ; in 1830, 2,285. Chief town, Au- 
gusta. 

PERRY, C. H. Perry co. Ken. 
PERRY, C. H. Perry co. Al. on Cahawba r. 
50 m. SE. from Tuscaloosa. 
PERRY, t. Licking co. Ohio. 
PERRY, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 6 m. E. 
from Zanesville. 

PERRY, t. Stark co. Ohio. 
PERRY, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. 
PERRYOPOLIS, v. in the lower, or north- 
ern part of Fayette co. Pa. 16 m. a little W. 
of N. from Uniontown, and 8 m. NE. from 
Brownsville. 

PERRYSBURG, t. Ohio, at the Lower 
Rapids of the Maumee, 36 m. W. by N. from 
Croghansville, 140 NW. from Columbus. 

PERRYSBURG, NW. t. Cataraugus co. 
N. Y. on Cataraugus creek, 30 m. S. from 
Buffalo. Pop. 2,440. 

PERRYSBURG, t. Wood co. Ohio, at the 
Lower Rapids of Maumee river, and on the 
right bank of that stream, 135 m. NNW.from 
Columbus, 80 SW. from Detroit, and 50 SW. 
by W. from the Bass Islands in Lake Erie. 

PERRY'S MILLS, v. Tatnall co. Geo. 115 
m. SE. from Milledgeville. 

PERRYSVILLE, v. Alleghany co. Pa. 7 
m. N. from Pittsburg. 

PERRYSVILLE, v. Bond co. H. on the 
Kaskaskia, 50 m. E. by N. from St. Louis, 30 
from Edwardsville. 

PERRYSVILLE, t. Mercer co. Ken. 
PERRYSVILLE, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. 
PERRYSVILLE, t. Richland co. Ohio, on 
an eastern fork of the Mohiccon creek. 

PERRYVILLE, v. Perry co. Miso. about 
80 m. a little E. of S. from St. Louis. 

PERRYVILLE, v. Perry co. Ten, 112 m. 
SW. by W. from Murfreesborough. 

PERSON, co. N. C. bounded by Virginia 
N. Granville E. Orange S. and Caswell W. 
It is a square of 20 m. each side. Pop. in 
1820, 9,029; in 1830, 10,027. Chief town, 
Roxborough. 

PERTH AMBOY. See Amboy. 
PERU, t. Bennington co. Vt. 38 m. NNE. 
from Bennington. Pop. 455. 

PERU, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 16 m. NNE 
from Lenox, 125 W. from Boston. Pop. 729 



PER— PHI 



371 



PERU, t. Clinton co. N. Y. on Lake Cham- 
plain, 140 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 4,949. 

PERU, v. Huron co. Ohio, 130 m. N. from 
Columbus. 

PERUVIAN MOUNTAINS, in N. York, 
W. of Lake Champlain. 

PESQUEMANSET, r. Bristol co, Mass. 
which runs into the sea, at Dartmouth. 

PETERBOROUGH, t. Hillsborough co. 
N. H. watered by the Contoocook, 18 m. W. 
from Amherst, 38 SW. from Concord, 64 
NW. from Boston. Pop. 1,984. This is one 
of the most considerable manufacturing towns 
in the state, and contains an oil-mill, a paper- 
mill, a woollen manufactory, and five cotton 
manufactories. 

PETERBOROUGH, v. Smithfield, Madison 
co. N. Y. 29 m. SW. from Utica. Lon. 75° 
38' W. ; lat. 42° 57' N. It is pleasantly situat- 
ed on Oneida creek, and on the turnpike, and 
contains a printing-office, an arsenal, and 
considerable manufactures and trade. 

PETERSBURG, v. Lancaster co. Pa. 47 m. 
from Harrisburg. 

PETERSBURG, v. 8 m. SE. from Gettys- 
burg, Adams co. Pa. 

PETERSBURG, v. Perry co. Pa, on the 
right bank of Susquehannah river, 15 m. above 
Harrisburg. 

PETERSBURG, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 18 
m. E. from Troy. Pop. 2,011. 

PETERSBURG, v. Adams co. Pa. 25 m. 
SW. from York. 

PETERSBURG, t. Cumberland co. Pa. on 
W. side of the Susquehannah, 15 m. above 
Harrisburg. 

PETERSBURG, port of entry, Dinwiddie 
co. Va. on S. bank of the Appomatox, just be- 
low the Falls, 12 m. above its junction with the 
James river, at City Point, 25 m. S. by E. 
from Richmond. It contains an academy, 2 
banks, a Masonic Hall, and several houses of 
public worship. It has considerable commerce 
in tobacco and flour, owns considerable ship- 
ping, and is one of the handsomest and most 
flourishing towns in the state. Its situation 
at the head of navigation, and in the vicinity 
of the Falls, is highly advantageous, as the 
water-power afforded by the Falls is turned to 
good account in several extensive and valuable 
mills. The river is navigable to this place for 
vessels of 100 tons. The town contains 8,322 
inhabitants. 

PETERSBURG, t. Columbiana co. Ohio, 14 
m. ENE. from New Lisbon. 

PETERSBURG, t. Woodford co. Ken. on 
the river Kentucky, 15 m. SSE. from Frankfort. 

PETERSBURG, t. Elbert co. Geo. on the 
Savannah, 53 m. above Augusta. It is a 
pleasant and flourishing town. 

PETERSBURG, v. Boone co. Ken. 

PETERSBURG, v. Pike co. In. 156 m. 
SSE. from Indianapolis. 

PETERSHAM, t. Worcester co. Mass. 30 
m. NW. from Worcester, 30 ENE. from North- 
ampton, 67 W. by N. from Boston. It has a 
pleasant and elevated situation, and is one of 
the best agricultural towns in the state. It is 
well watered by several streams which supply 



a number of factories and forges. Here arc 

also considerable manufactories of straw hats 
and bonnets. Pop. 1,695. 

PETERSTOWN, v. Monroe co. Va. 

PETERSVILLE, v. Frederick co. Md. 

PEYTONSBURG, v. Pittsylvania co. Va. 
18 m. NW. from South Boston. 

PHARSALIA, t. Chenango co. N. Y. Pop. 
987. 

PHELPS, t Ontario co. N. Y. 12 m. E. from 
Canandaigua. Pop. 4,798. 

PHILADELPHIA, New, t. and cap. Tus- 
carawas co. Ohio, 50 m. NE. from Zanesville, 
314 from W. It is situated on the east branch 
of the Muskingum, on a large and handsome 
plain, and contains the county buildings. Pop. 
410. 

PHILADELPHIA, v. Jefferson co. N.Y. 
173 m. NW. from Albany. 

PHILADELPHIA, v. on the northern bor 
der of Monroe co. Ten. and on Sweet-water 
creek, about 35 m. SW. from Knoxville. 

PHILADELPHIA, co. Pa. bounded N. by 
Bucks co. E. and SE. by Delaware river, SW. 
by Delaware co. and W. by Montgomery co. 
Its greatest length from NE. to SW. is 18 m. 
average width 7 m. area about 120 sq. ms. The 
population of this county, exclusive of the 
city (proper) of Philadelphia, but including the 
Northern Liberties, Kensington, Spring Gar- 
den, and Southwark, is 108,509. 

PHILADELPHIA, city, port of entry, and 
the second city in the Union, is situated in the 
SE. corner of Pennsylvania, in a county of the 
same name. It occupies the narrowest part 
of the isthmus between the rivers Delaware 
and Schuylkill, about 5 m. above their conflu- 
ence, and about 100 m. from the sea. It is 300 
m. SW. of Boston, 90 SW. of New York, 137 
NE. of Washington, and 100 NE. of Balti- 
more. Lon. 75° 10' W. ; lat. 39° 57' N. Pop. 
of the city and liberties, in 1802, 62,000 ; in 
1810, 92,247; in 1820, 108,116; in 1830, 
161,437. There is a sufficient depth of water 
in the Schuylkill to admit large merchant ves- 
sels up to the wharves on the W. side of the 
city, and ships of any size can ascend to it by 
the Delaware. It is the most regularly built 
city in the United States. Its principal streets 
are 100 feet wide, and the others not less than 
50. They are perfectly straight, and intersect 
each other at right angles. Many of them are 
beautifully shaded, all are well paved, and kept 
remarkably clean. The houses are of brick, 
and generally of three stories. It is un- 
questionably among the most manufacturing 
cities, all things taken into view, in the United 
States. Among all the extensive branches for 
which it is famous, paper, printing, and pub- 
lishing are important items. A great number 
of gazettes, periodicals, and monthlies are is- 
sued ; and one quarterly critical, and another 
quarterly medical journal. This city vies with 
Boston in the number and extent of its school 
and classical books. It has a reputation also for 
the extent and excellence of its breweries. Its 
literary, philosophical, and humane institutions 
are worthy of all praise. The Philadelphia 
Library owes its origin to the illustrious Frank 



378 



PHI—PHI 




PHILADELPHIA, AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



lin. It contains a museum, a philosophical 
apparatus, the Philadelphia Library, and the 
Loganian Library, amounting in all to 42,000 
volumes. The American Philosophical Society, 
the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agri- 
culture, the Athenssum, and the Academy of 
Natural Sciences, are all important institutions, 
and have libraries and collections. The 
Friends' Library contains a respectable collec- 
tion, and the Friends' Common School Insti- 
tution is an important and efficient one. There 
are among the literary institutions great num- 
bers of Lancasterian, Sunday, and infant 
schools. Among the humane institutions is 
one for the deaf and dumb. One of the noblest 
establishments in this or any other state is the 
Pennsylvania Hospital. It extends a front of 



273 feet, and has a large building connected 
with it, sufficient to contain 50 or 60 patients, 
Appended to it is a beautiful garden. There 
are admirable arrangements for every thing 
appertaining to the comfort and restoration of 
the diseased, both in body and mind. West's 
splendid picture of Christ Healing the Sick is 
properly kept in this institution, and for a 
trifling gratuity shown to strangers. There 
are over 40 public buildings and 85 houses of 
public worship. The names, uses, and dimen- 
sions of some of the public buildings follow. — 
The First Presbyterian Church is a noble 
building, as are the Episcopal churches in 
Eighth and Tenth streets. The new Roman 
Catholic Church of St. John's, in Thirteenth 
street, is considered an admirable specimen of 




UNITED STATES BANK, PHILADELPHIA. 



the Gothic style, and its interior is splendidly 
decorated with stained glass, &c. The Market 
is a low range of buildings in the middle of 
Market street, extending from the Delaware to 
JEighth street The Bank of the United States 



in Chesnut street, is considered the most fin- 
ished specimen of pure Grecian architecture 
in the Union. It is of white marble, with 
Doric columns in front. The Bank of Penn- 
sylvania fronts two streets with Ionic columns. 



PHI-PHI 



fcnd is of white marble. The State House is 
a large brick building in Chesnut street. Gi- 
rard's Bank is a beautiful marble building 
with Corinthian columns. The Arcade is an 
imposing structure, leading from Chesnut to 
Carpenter street. It is fitted up with shops, 
and in the second story with piazzas, and con- 
tains Peale's Museum. The Theatre in Ches- 
nut street has a marble front. The Masonic 
Hall, a little further on, is in the Gothic style. 
The Academy of Arts is in Chesnut street, 
between Tenth and Eleventh. Among the 
statues are the Three Graces of Canova, and 
a gallery of pictures principally the works of 
American artists. The Mint of the United 
States is in Philadelphia, and the building 
forms an important addition to the public edi- 
fices : it fronts on Chesnut near Broad street, 
and is built entirely of white marble. The 
amount coined annually varies from two and 
a half to three million dollars. The Schuyl- 
kill Water- Works are a splendid establish- 
ment, and noted especially for the rich and 
varied prospect enjoyed from them. The build- 
ing in which the machinery is contained is a 
handsome one, and the machinery is capable 
of raising 7 million gallons of water in 24 
hours. The wheels are driven by a current 
from a dam above. The reservoirs are on a 
hill, higher than any part of the city. The 
pipes extend 34 or 35 m. This grand work 
abundantly repays the inspection. Pratt's 
Garden, in full view of the Water- Works, is a 
charming place, and well worthy to be visited. 
The Penitentiary has the aspect of a fortress. 
The wall is of granite, 40 feet high, and in- 
closes a square 650 feet each way. The Navy 
Hospital, 2 m. SW. of the centre of the city, 
has a front of 386 feet, and is 3 stories high. 
It is built partly of granite and partly of mar- 
ble. The Navy Yard is of great extent, and 
fitted up with first-rate appurtenances for 
building frigates and ships of the line. The 
Pennsylvania, building here, it is said, will be 
the largest ship in the world, and is to carry 
160 guns. The new Alms- House, upon the 
western bank of the Schuylkill, is a very ex- 
tensive structure, having a front upon the river 
of about 1,000 feet. The House of Refuge is 
near the city, upon the Ridge Road, and is 
a substantial and commodious edifice. The 
University of Pennsylvania was incorporated 
in 1791. The number annually admitted 
to degrees is usually about 30. The Medical 
Institution belonging to the University has 8 
professors, and has the reputation of being the 
first institution of the kind in the Union. It 
has about 500 students from various parts of 
the U. States. Its buildings are two large and 
elegant edifices in Ninth street, between Ches- 
nut and Market. The Jefferson Medical Col- 
lege, situated in Tenth street, is another insti- 
tution of this kind : it has, at present, a smaller 
number of students. The Philadelphia Prison is 
a more interesting object to humanity than the 
most gorgeous palaces. It presents the practi- 
cal application of principles which worldly 
men have derided, and philosophy has upheld 
without daring to hope for their adoption. The 



convicts are all employed in various kinds of 
mechanical labor, the proceeds of which, when 
they exceed the expenses of their prosecution 
and support during their confinement, are di- 
vided, one-half being paid to the prisoner at 
his discharge, and the balance retained by the 
state. The humane and rational system of 
discipline established, and so successfully 
maintained in this prison, has become a model 
for those of the other states. Though separated 
by justice from society, and condemned to 
years of toil, the prisoners are not supposed to 
have lost the distinctive attributes of human 
nature : they are treated as rational beings, 
operated on by rational motives, and repay this 
treatment by improved habits of industry and 
submission. The public squares of this city, 
from their frequency, verdure, and the num- 
ber of people promenading them, give it an 
appearance of rural beauty, which few large 
and commercial cities possess. No city in the 
Union can show such long ranges of uniform 
and magnificent houses as this. Uniformity, 
neatness, and utility are its standing charac- 
teristics. Two men, whose names will be co- 
eval with time, differing in a thousand re- 
spects from each other, have been enabled to 
stamp a blended impress of their own peculiar 
intellectual character upon the aspect and in- 
stitutions of Philadelphia. The one is Frank- 
lin, the simple and sagacious expounder of the 
doctrine of utility ; the other, William Penn, 
the memorable patriarch, the immortal as- 
serter of toleration, a doctrine in his time little 
known, but now as universally admitted and 
lauded in theory, as it is generally disregarded 
in practice. Another celebrated individual, 
Stephen Girard, who closed his life within the 
present year, by his great exertions and unex- 
ampled success in commerce and banking, 
contributed largely during his life to the pros, 
perity of this city. By perseverance and good 
fortune, he accumulated possessions in real 
estate and money, to the amount of more than 
ten millions of dollars ; and at his death, ho 
bequeathed more than three- fourths of this im- 
mense sum to the corporation of Philadelphia* 
and to various charitable and benevolent insti- 
tutions in the city. By his will, two million 
dollars are to be appropriated to the building 
and endowment of a college for the gratuitous 
support and education of orphans. This col- 
lege is to be 110 by 160 feet, 3 stories high* 
and sufficiently spacious to accommodate 300 
scholars. It is to be built entirely of white 
marble, and, together with the Exchange 
(which is now in a course of erection, and to 
be formed of the same material) will add to 
the noble edifices which adorn and beautify 
the city of Philadelphia. 

PHILANTHROPY, v. Butler co. Ohio, 122 
m. SW. from Columbus. 

PHILLIPS, t. Somerset co. Me. 40 m. NW. 
from Norridgewock. Pop. 954. 

PHILLIP'S POINT, cape in Lynn, Mass. 
Lon. 70° 54' W. ; lat. 42° 30' N. 

PHILLIP'S RIVER, r. N. H. which unites 
with the Upper Amoonoosuc, in Piercy. 

PHILIPS, co. of Ark. lying along the Mia. 



374 



PHI— PIQ 



sissippi and St. Francis rivers. Chief town, 
St. Helena, on the Mississippi. Pop. 1,152. 

PHILLIPSBURG, v. Jefferson co. Ohio, 70 
m. below Steubenville, and on the Ohio river. 

PHILLIPSBURG, v. Orange co. N. Y. 

PHILLIPSBURG, t. Centre co. Pa. about 
24 m. W. from Bellefonte. 

PHILLIPSBURG, v. Sussex co. N. J. on 
the Delaware, opposite Easton, 41 m. above 
Trenton. 

PHILLIPSBURG, t. Lincoln co Me. on 
the Kennebeck, 17 m. SW. from Wiscasset. 
Pop. 1,311. 

PHILLIPSTON, v. Worcester co. Mass. 

PHILLIPSTOWN, t. Putnam co. N. Y. on 
the E. side of the Hudson, opposite West Point. 
Pop. 4,816. 

PHILLIPSVILLE, v. Feliciana co. Lou. 

PIANKATANK, r. Va. which runs into the 
Chesapeake. Lon. 76° 25' W. ; lat. 37° 32' N. 

PICKAWAY, co. Ohio, bounded by Ross 
'S. Fayette W. Madison NW. Delaware N. 
Fairfield E. and Hocking SE. Length 22, 
width 21 m. Pop. in 1820, 13,149 ; in 1830, 
15,935. Chief town, Circleville. 

PICKAWAY, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 3 m. 
from Circleville. Pop. 1,766. 

PICKENSVILLE, t. Pendleton co. S. C. on 
the Saluda, 15 m. SE. from Greenville, 110 m. 
WNW. from Columbia. It contains but a few 
houses. 

PICKERING, t. of York co. U.C. on Lake 
Ontario, E. from York. 

PIERCE'S ISLAND, small isl. in Piscata- 
qua harbor N. H. 

PIERCY, t. Coos co. N. H. 9 NE. from 
Lancaster. Pop. 236. 

PIER MONT, t. Grafton co. N. H. on the 
Connecticut, opposite Bradford, 5 m. S. from 
Haverhill. Pop. 1,042. 

PIERPONT, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 
Pop. 749. 

PIG POINT, v. Ann-Arundel co. Md. 

PIGEON RIVER, r. Ten. which runs into 
the French Broad river. Little Pigeon joins 
the same river 9 m. below, in Jefferson co. 

PIGWACKET, or Pequocket, the Indian 
name of a tract of country on the borders of 
N. H. and Maine, including Conway, Frye- 
burg, and the adjacent towns. 

PIKE, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Pop. 2,016. 

PIKE, co. in the NE. part of Pa. on the 
Delaware river. Length 40, breadth about 25 
m. Pop. 4,843. Chief town, Milford. 

PIKE, v. Bradford co. Pa. 

PIKE, co. Ohio, bounded S. by Scioto, SW. 
by Adams, W. by Highland, N. by Ross, and 
E. by Hocking and Jackson. Length 32, 
breadth 15 m, Chief town, Piketon. Pop. in 
1820, 4,253 ; in 1830, 6,024. 

PIKE, co. of In. bounded by Warwick S. 
Gibson W. White river or Knox and Davies 
N. and Dubois E. Length 24, breadth 17 m. 
Patoka, branch of Wabash, passes through the 
middle of this co. Pop. in 1820, 1,472; in 
1830, 2,464. Chief town, Petersburg. 

PIKE, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 996. 

PIKE, t. Perry co. Ohio. Pop. 1,119. 

PIKE, NW. t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 339. 



PIKE, one of the extreme eastern cos. of 
Ken. bounded by Harland and Perry SW. by 
Perry W. by Floyd N. and by Cumberland 
mountain or Russell and Tazewell cos. Va. SE. 
Length 50, and mean width 15 m. Pop. 2,677. 
Chief town, Pikeville. 

PIKE, co. Miso. bounded by Lincoln and 
Montgomery S. by Ralls W. and NW. and by 
Mississippi river E. This co. would average 
about 20 m. square, or 400 sq. m. Pop. k; 
1820, 3,747, but including then a large space 
N. of Missouri river, now included in other 
cos. ; in 1830, 6,122. Chief town, Bowling 
Green, 

PIKE, co. Miss, bounded by Lou. S. Amite 
W. Lawrence N. and Marion E. Length 27, 
width 30 m. Pop. in 1820, 4,438 ; in 1830, 
5,402. Chief town, Holmesville. 

PIKE, t. Wayne co. Ohio. 

PIKE, t. in the southern part of Stark co. 
Ohio. Pop. 1,273. 

PIKE, NW. t. of Clarke co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,115. 

PIKE, C. H. Pike co. Ken. 

PIKE, r. Lou. which runs into the Missis- 
sippi, 70 m. below Sable Lake. 

PIKETON, t. and seat of justice, Pike co. 
Ohio, 19 m. S. from Chillicothe. 

PIKEVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Bled- 
soe co. Ten. on Sequachee river, 80 m. a little S. 
of E. from Murfreesborough, and 608 from W. 

PIKEVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Marion 
co. Al. about 70 m. NW. from Tuscaloosa. 

PIKESVILLE, v. Baltimore co. Md. 

PILESGROVE, t. Salem co.N.J. Pop. 2,150. 

PINCKNEY, v. Montgomery co. Miso. on 
the Missouri river, about 60 m. W. from St. 
Louis. 

PINCKNEY, t. Lewis co. N. Y. Pop. 783. 

PINCKNEYVILLE, t. Union district, S. C. 
on Broad river, 75 m. NNW. from Columbia. 
It contains but a few houses. 

PINCKNEYVILLE, t. Wilkinson co. Miss. 
5 m. E. of the Mississippi, and about 16 m. 
SE. from Fort Adams. It is situated in a very 
pleasant and fertile country. 

PINE CREEK, r. Pa. which runs S. into 
the W. branch of the Susquehannah, 2 or 3 
m. W. of Jersey shore. 

PINE GROVE, v. Schuylkill co. Pa. 8 m. 
from Womelsdorf. 

PINE GROVE MILLS, v. Centre co. Pa. 

PINE HILL, v. York district, S.C. 

PINE RIVER, r. N. H. which flows into 
Ossipee Lake. 

PINE RIVER, r. In. which runs into the 
Wabash. 

PINEVILLE, v. Charleston district, S. C. 
about 40 miles from Charleston. Here is an 

academy. 

PINEY GROVE, v. Southampton co. Va. 

PIPEMAKER'S CREEK, r. Geo. which 
runs into the Savannah. 

PIQUA, or Piquatown, t. Miami co. Ohio, 
on the Great Miami, 130 m. from its mouth, 8 
m. N. from Troy, 30 S. from Wapaghkanetta, 
67 WNW. from Columbus, and 125 S. from 
Fort Meigs. It is delightfully situated, and is 
a flourishing town. Pop. 488. 



PIS — PIT 



375 



PISCASICK, r. N. H. which joins the Lam- 
prey, in Durham. 

PISCATAQUA, r. N. H. which rises in 
Wakefield, separates N. H. from Maine, and 
pursuing- a SSE. course of about 40 m. flows 
into the Atlantic, below Portsmouth. From 
its source to Berwick lower falls, it is called 
Salmon Fall river; thence to the junction of 
the Chocheco, it takes the name of Newicha- 
wannock, and afterwards that of Piscataqua. 
This river affords a sloop navigation to the 
towns of Dover, Newmarket, Durham, and 
Exeter. Piscataqua Harbor, formed by the 
mouth, is one of the finest on the continent. 

PISCATAQUIS, r. Me. which runs E. into 
the Penobscot, 25 m. below the junction of the 
Metawamkeak. Length 100 m. 

PISCATAQUOG, r. N. H. which rises in 
Deerfield and Francestown, and runs ESE. 
into the Merrimack, in NE. corner of Bedford. 

PISCATAWAY, t. Middlesex co. N. J. on 



the Raritan, 3^ m. NE. from New Brunswick, 
14 SW. from Elizabethtown. Pop. 2,664. 

PISCATAWAY, t. Prince George co. Md. 
on the Piscataway, 16 m. N. from Port To- 

PISCATAWAY, r. Md. which runs into 
the Potomac, 8 m. below Alexandria. 

PITCH LANDING, v. Hertford co. N. C. 

PITT, co. N. C. Pop. 12,174. Greenville 
is the chief town. 

PITT, Cape, cape on NW. coast of Amer- 
ica, in Dixon's Entrance. Lon. 132° 10' W. ; 
lat. 54° 50' N. 

PITT, Cape, cape on the S. coast of New 
Georgia. Lon. 158° 29' E. ; lat. 8° 55' S. 

PITTSBOROUGH, t. and cap. Chatham co. 
N. C. 30 m. SW. from Raleigh, 54 NNW. from 
Fayetteville, and 319 from W. It is situated 
on an eminence, in a very fertile and well cul- 
tivated country, and contains a court-house, a 
jail, and an academy. 




PITTSBURG, AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



PITTSBURG, city, and cap. Alleghany co. 
Pa. 230 m. WNW. from Baltimore, 297 W.by 
N. from Philadelphia, 335 from Lexington, 
Ken. 1,100 from New Orleans by land and 
2,000 by water, and 223 from W. Lat. 40° 
40' N. ; lon. 80° W. It is situated on a beau- 
tiful plain, on a broad point of land, where the 
confluence of the Alleghany and Monongahela 
forms the Ohio, The suburbs of Pittsburg are 
Alleghanytown, Northern Liberties, Birming- 
ham on the south bank of the Monongahela, 
Lawrenceville-East Liberty, and remainder of 
Pitt township. Population of the city proper 
12,540, and of the suburbs 9,983. Total, 22,433. 
The town is compactly, and in some streets 
handsomely built ; although the universal use 
of pit coal for culinary and manufacturing 
purposes has carried such quantities of fine 
black matter, driven off in the smoke into the 
air, and deposited it on the walls of the houses, 
and every thing, that can be blackened with 



coal smoke, as to have given the town a gloomy 
aspect. Its position and advantages, as a man- 
ufacturing town, and its acknowledged health- 
fulness, will continue, however, to render it a 
place of attraction for builders, manufacturers, 
and capitalists. At the present time the fol 
mowing articles are manufactured on a great 
scale : iron-mongery of every description, steam 
engines, and enginery, and iron work in gen- 
eral ; cutlery of all descriptions ; glass and pa 
per, cotton, and woollens, pottery, chemicals, 
tin, and copper ware are manufactured, and 
exported to a great extent. Boat and steam- 
boat building have been pursued here on a 
greater scale, than in any other town in the 
western country. So long ago as 1814, 4,055 
wagons of four and six horses, employed as 
transport w T agons, passed between this place 
and Philadelphia. Boats of the smaller kinds 
are continually departing down the river at all 
seasons, when the waters will admit In mod- 



376 



PIT— PLA 



crate stages of the river, great numbers of 
steam-boats arrive, and depart. Large con- 
tracts are continually ordered from all the 
towns on the waters of the Ohio and Missis- 
sippi, for machinery, steam-boat castings, and 
the various manufactures it produces. It is 
supplied with water by a high-pressure steam- 
engine of 84 horse power, which raises the 
water 116 feet above the Alleghany river. A 
million and a half gallons of water can be rais- 
ed in 24 hours. These works went into ope- 
ration in 1828. The churches in this city are 
a Baptist, Roman Catholic, Covenanters', Se- 
ceders', a Methodist church, German Lutheran 
church, Union church, Episcopal church, first 
and second Presbyterian churches, Unitarian 
church, second Methodist church, and an Af- 
rican church, making a total of 13. The other 
public buildings are the Western University 
of Pennsylvania, Pittsburg High School, Pitts- 
burg Exchange, Mansion House, and Hotel, 
Lambdin's Museum, the U. S. Bank, and the 
Pittsburg Bank. There are 11 large establish- 
ments of iron founderies, in which were man- 
ufactured from pigs, in 1830, 5,339 tons. There 
are six rolling mills and iron works with nail 
factories attached, in which were manufactur- 
ed in the same year 7,950 tons of pigs into 
blooms, and 2,805 tons into nails. There are 
four large cotton factories, in the largest of 
which are 10,000 spindles, spinning 1,400 
pounds of yarn weekly. There are two large 
establishments of glass works, and 270 other 
large manufacturing establishments of a mis- 
cellaneous character. This city has immense 
advantages of artificial as well as natural water 
communications. The great Pennsylvania ca- 
nal, over 500 miles in length, terminates here. 
Another canal is laid out to connect it with 
Lake Erie through Meadville ; and still a third 
is proposed to the mouth of Mahoning, where 
it will connect with a branch of the Ohio and 
Erie canal from its summit head. 

PITTSFIELD, t. Rutland co. Vt. 40 m. 
NW. from Windsor. Pop. 505. 

PITTSFIELD, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 6 m. 
N. from Lenox, 36 ESE. from Albany, 40 W. 
from Northampton, and 136 W. from Boston. 
Pop. 3,570. It is watered by the Housatonnuc, 
is a pleasant and flourishing town, and a place 
of considerable trade and manufactures. It 
contains 3 houses of public worship, 2 for Con- 
gregationalists and 1 for Methodists, a bank, a 
town-house, an excellent female academy, a 
printing-office from which is issued a weekly 
newspaper, several woollen manufactories, a 
marble manufactory, a manufactory of small- 
arms, and a drum manufactory. Large num- 
bers of chaises, coaches, and wagons are made 
here. Good marble is found here. The U. S. 
have barracks here sufficient to accommodate 
2,000 men, and a hospital. Pittsfield is situ- 
ated in a very fertile tract of country, and is 
one of the best agricultural towns in the state. 

PITTSFIELD, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 15 m. 
WSW. from Cooperstown. Pop. 1,005. 

PITTSFIELD, v. Somerset co. Me. 98 m. 
N. from Portland. 

PITTSFORD, t Rutland co. Vt. on the Ot- 



ter Creek, 34 m. NW. from Windsor. Pop, 
2,005. Here is a valuable quarry of marble. 

PITTSGROVE, t. Salem co. N.J. 28 m. S. 
from Philadelphia. 

PITTSTON, t. Kennebeck co. Me. on E. 
side of the Kennebeck, opposite Gardiner, 7 m. 
S. from Augusta, and 160 NNE. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,804. 

PITTSTON, t. Hunterdon co. N.J. 58 m. 
NNE. from Philadelphia. 

PITTSTON, t. Luzerne co. Pa. 

PITTSTO WN, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. NE. 
from Lansingburg. Pop. 3,702. 

PITTSYLVANIA, C. H. Pittsylvania ro 
Va. on Bannister river, 176 m. SW. from 
Richmond. 

PITTSYLVANIA, co. Va. bounded by N. 
Carolina S. Henry and Franklin cos. W. Roan- 
oke river, or Bedford and Campbell N. and Hal- 
ifax E. Length 36 m. mean width 28. Pop. 
in 1820, 21,313 ; in 1830, 26,023. Chief town, 
Danville. 

PLACENTIA, spacious bay on the E. coast 
of Newfoundland. 

PLAIN, t. Wayne co. Ohio, W. from Woos- 
ter. Pop. 1,263. 

PLAIN, t. Franklin co. Ohio. Pop. 842. 

PLAINFIELD, t. Washington co. Vt. wa- 
tered by the Onion river, 9 m. E. from Mont- 
pelier. Pop. 874. 

PLAINFIELD, t. Sullivan co. N. H. on the 
Connecticut, 11 m. S. from Dartmouth College, 
14 N. from Claremont, 55 NW. from Concord. 
Pop. 1,581. Union Academy, a well endowed 
seminary, is in this town. It has a principal, 
an assistant, and about 100 students. There 
are falls in the Connecticut at this place. 

PLAINFIELD, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 21 
m. NW. from Northampton, and 110 W. from 
Boston. Pop. 983. 

PLAINFIELD, t. Windham co. Ct on E. 
side of the Quinebaug, 4 m. E. from Canter, 
bury, and 15 NE. from Norwich. Pop. 2,289, 
This is a pleasant and valuable town, and con- 
tains a respectable academy. 

PLAINFIELD, t. Otsego co. N.Y. 15 m. 
NW. from Cooperstown, 81 W. from Albany. 
Pop. 1,626. 

PLAINFIELD, t. Essex co. N. J. 

PLAINFIELD, v. Coshocton co. Ohio, 76 
m. NE. from Columbus. 

PLAISTOW, t. Rockingham co. N.H. 12 
m. W. from Newburyport, and 28 SW. from 
Portsmouth. 

PLANE, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 1,469. 

PLAQUEMINE, outlet of the Mississippi, 
117 m. above New Orleans, 36 above the efflux 
of Lafourche, and 96 below that of Atchafalaya. 

PLAQUEMINE BEND, remarkable bend 
of the Mississippi, 70 m. below New Orleans. 

PLAQUEMINES, parish, La. on both sides 
of the Mississippi, near its mouth. Pop. 4,489. 

PLAQUEMINES, fort, La. on the Missis- 
sippi, 43 m. below New Orleans. A small gar- 
rison is kept here for the purpose of examin- 
ing all vessels that pass. 

PLATTE, La, r. Vt. which runs into Lake 
Champlain, at Shelburne. 

PLATTE, Za, r. La. which rises in the 



PLA— PLY 



377 



Rocky Mountains, and after an E. course of [ 
about 1,600 rn. joins the Missouri, 600 m.from 
the Mississippi. 

PLATTE, Little, r. La. which runs into the 
Missouri, 349 m. from the Mississippi. 

PLATTEKILL, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 22 m. S. 
from Kingston. Pop. 1,936. 

PLATTSBURG, t. and cap. Clinton co.N.Y r . 
on W. side of Lake Champlain, at the mouth 
of the Saranac, 160 m. N. from Albany, 60 S. 
from Montreal Lon. 73° 25' W. ; lat. 44 3 42' 
N. Pop. 4,913. The U. S. barracks are 4 m. 
above the village, on the Saranac. Plattsburg 
village is handsomely laid out; it contains a 
court-house, a jail, a Presbyterian church, an 
academy, a bank, and a printing-office, and is 
a place of considerable trade. This place is 
memorable for the effectual resistance, on the 
11th of Sept. 1814, of 2,500 Americans, under 
Gen. Macomb, to the British force of 14,000 
men, under Sir George Prevost ; and in the 
bay before this town, Commodore M'Donough 
obtained a signal victory over the British fleet. 

PLEASANT, t Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,763. 

PLEASANT, t. in the SW. corner of Frank- 
lin co. Ohio. Pop. 164. 

PLEASANT, t. in the SE. corner of Madi- 
son co. Ohio. Pop. 857. 

PLEASANT, t. in the north-eastern part of 
Clarke co. Ohio. Pop. 821. 

PLEASANT, t. Brown co. Ohio, in which 
is situated the town of Ripley. Pop. 1,917. 

PLEASANT GROVE, v. Lunenburg co. Va. 

PLEASANT GROVE, v. Orange co. N.C. 

PLEASANT GROVE, v. Greenville dis- 
trict, S. C. 

PLEASANT PLAINS, v. Franklin co. Ten. 

PLEASANT RIVER, r. Me. which runs 
into the sea, between Columbia and Addison, 
and forms a bay at its mouth, to which it gives 
name, lon. 67° 40' W. ; lat. 44° 35' N. 

PLEASANT VALLEY, v. in Clinton, 
Dutchess co. N. Y. 7 m. E. of Poughkeepsie. 
This is a flourishing village, and has consider- 
able manufactories. 

PLEASANT VALLEY, v. in Elizabeth- 
town, N. Y. 

PLEASANT VALLEY, t. Fairfax co. Va. 

PLEIN, r. which rises in the NW. Terri- 
tory, flows into Indiana, and unites with the 
Theakiki, to form the Illinois. 

PLESIS, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. 184 m. NW. 
from Albany. 

PLUCKEMIN, v. Somerset co. N.J. 

PLUIE, La, lake, N. America. Lon. 93° 
40' W. ; lat. 48° 50' N. 

PLUIE, La, r. which forms a communica- 
tion between Lake la Pluie and the Lake of 
the Woods. 

PLUM ISLAND, isl. in the Atlantic, near 
the coast of Massachusetts, between Newbury - 
port and Ipswich, 9 m. long and 1 broad. Its 
south end is on the north side of the entrance 
of Ipswich harbor, and its north end on the 
south side of the entrance of Newburyport har- 
bor. Near the north end there are two lights. 
Several houses have been erected on this island 
by the Marine and Humane Society, for the 
2X 



relief of distressed mariners. This island Is a 

place of much resort in the summer. 

PLUM ISLAND, small isl. near the NE. 
coast of Long Island, in the state of N. Y. It 
is annexed to Southold. 

PLUYE, r. In. which runs into the The- 
akiki. 

PLYMOUTH, t. Windsor co. Vt. 18 m. W. 
from Windsor. Pop. 1,237. A remarkable 
cavern was discovered in tins town in 1818. It 
is situated at the foot of a mountain, near the 
head of Black river, and has 5 apartments, the 
largest of which is 30 feet long, 20 broad, and 
20 high. Two of the others are nearly as 
large. The rocks which form the cavern are 
wholly of limestone. Numerous petrifactions 
are found here, most of which resemble icicles 
hanging from the rocks. 

PLYMOUTH, t. Grafton co. N.H. on W. 
side of the Merrimack, 31 m. SSE. from Haver, 
hill, 43 N. from Concord, 70 NW. from Ports- 
mouth. Pop. 1,175. In the north part of the 
town there is a pleasant village, containing a 
court-house and a Congregational meeting- 
house. The courts of the county are held al- 
ternately here and at Haverhill 

PLYMOUTH, co. Mass. bounded by Cape 
Cod and Boston Bays NE. Barnstable co. and 
Buzzard's Bay SE. Bristol co. SW. and Nor- 
folk co. NW. Length 30 m. mean width 20. 
Pop. in 1820, 38,136 ; in 1830, 42,993. It is 
the original seat of the colonization of New 
England. Chief town, Plymouth. 

PLYMOUTH, s-p. and cap. Plymouth co. 
Mass. 36 m. SSE. from Boston. Lon. 70° 30" 
W.; lat. 41° 58' N. Pop. 4,751. It contains 
a court-house, a jail, a bank, and 4 houses of 
public worship — 3 for Congregationalists, and 
1 for Baptists. The harbor is spacious, but 
shallow. Vessels drawing more than 10 or 11 
feet of water cannot approach the wharves 
without being lightened at some distance from 
them. A small stream which passes through 
the town, furnishes valuable water-power, 
where have been erected several important 
manufactories of cotton and woollen goods, and 
extensive iron works. Plymouth is the oldest 
town in New England. The first settlers land 
ed here on the 22d of December 1620; this 
anniversary is still observed. The rock on 
which they landed was conveyed, in 1774, to 
the centre of the town. 

PLYMOUTH, t Litchfield co. Ct. 10 m. 
SE. from Litchfield. Pop. 2,064. 

PLYMOUTH, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 7 m, 
NW. from Norwich, 107 W. from Albany 
Pop. 1,591. 

PLYMOUTH, t. Luzerne co. Pa. on tho 
Susquehannah, nearly opposite Wilkesbarre. 

PLYMOUTH, t. Montgomery co. Pa. 

PLYMOUTH, s-p. and cap. Washington co. 
N. C. near the mouth of the Roanoke, 20 m. S. 
from Edenton. 

PLYMOUTH, t. the northern limits of 
Richland co. Ohio. 

PLYMOUTH, v. Windsor co. Vt 15 ra. 
SE. by E. from Rutland. 

PLYMPTON, t. Plymouth co. Mass, 10 m, 
NW. from Plymouth, 32 S. from Boston. Pop, 



378 



POC— POP 



920. It contains a cotton, a woollen manufac- 
tory, and a forge. 

rOCAHONTAS, t. Chesterfield co. Va. on 
N. side of the Appomatox, opposite Petersburg, 
and included within the borough of Petersburg. 

POCATALIGO, v. Beaufort district, S. C. 
64 m. WSW. from Charleston. 

POKOMOKE, r. in SE, part of Md. which 
runs SW. into the Chesapeake, forming a con- 
siderable bay at its mouth. Length 40 m. 

POESTON KILL, r. N. Y. which runs into 
the Hudson, S. of Troy. Length 20 m. 

POINT ADAMS, cape, on W. coast of N. 
America, S. of the entrance into the river Co- 
lumbia. Lon. 124° 57' W. ; lat. 46° 15' N. 

POINT ALDERTON, SW. point of Boston 
Harbor, on the coast of Massachusetts. 

POINT AU FER, headland in N. part of 
Lake Champlain, given by the British to the 
United States, in 1769. 

POINT BAGADUCE, cape in Penobscot 
Bay, on the coast of Maine. 

POINT CHICOT, v. of Arkansas, on the 
bank of the Mississippi, at the mouth of the 
Arkansas river. 

POINT COMFORT, cape on the coast of 
Va. at the mouth of James river. 

POINT COUPEE, co. La. Pop. 5,936. 
Chief town, Point Coupee. 

POINT COUPEE, t. and cap. Point Coupee 
co. La. on W. bank of the Mississippi, 30 m. 
N. from Baton Rogue, 1,210 from W. 

POINT HARMER, v. in the township of 
Marietta, Ohio, on the Muskingum. It is very 
pleasantly situated, and contains a steam-mill 
of stone, 4 stories high, and about 50 hand- 
some dwelling-houses. 

POINT JUDITH, cape on the SE. corner 
of South Kingston, Rhode Island, on W. side 
of Narraganset Bay, 9 m. SSW. from Newport. 
Lon. 71° 35' W. ; lat. 41° 24' N. 

POINT LABADDIE, v. on Missouri river, 
in Franklin co. Miso. 30 m. above St. Charles. 

POINT LOOKOUT, cape on the coast of 
Md. on N. side of the mouth of the Potomac. 

POINT MARYLAND, headland in the 
river Potomac, W. of Port Tobacco. 

POINTOPOLIS, v. Clermont co. Ohio, 190 
m. SW. from Columbus. 

POINT PLEASANT, t. Mason co. Va. just 
above the confluence of Kenhawa with the 
Ohio, 5 m. NE. from Gallipolis. 

POINT PLEASANT, v. Clermont co. Ohio, 
on the N. bank of the Ohio river. It contains 
about 25 houses, immediately below the mouth 
of Indian creek, 21 m. SW. from Williams- 
burg. Pop. 116. 

POINT PLEASANT, y. Martin co. In. 126 
m. SSW. from Indianapolis. 

POINT REMOVE, v. Pulaski co. Arkansas, 
60 m. from Little Rock. 

POINT SALISBURY, cape, on the coast 
of Massachusetts, at the entrance of the Mer- 
rimack river, N. of the entrance of Newbury- 
port harbor. 

POINT SHERIFF, cape in Columbia river, 
on W. coast of N. America. 

POINT TOBACCO, cape on the coast of 



Maryland, In the Potomac, 37 m. SSW. from 

Annapolis. 

POKETALICO, r. Va. runs into the Ken 
hawa. Lon. 81° 51' W. ; lat. 38° 16' N. 

POLAND, t. Cumberland co. Me. on the S. 
side of the entrance of the Little Androscog- 
gin, 30 m. N. from Portland, 140 m. NNE. 
from Boston. 

POLAND, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, on the Ma- 
honing, 18 m. SE. from Warren, 62 NW. from 
Pittsburg. Pop. 1,186, It contains a furnace, 
a forge, and other mills. 

POLLARDSVILLE, v. Greenville district, 
S. Carolina. 

POMFRET, t. Windsor co. Vt 22 m. N 
from Windsor. Pop. 1,867. 

POMFRET, t. Windham co. Ct. 40 m. E. 
from Hartford, 57 SW. from Boston. It is an 
excellent agricultural town, and has a very 
large cotton manufactory. Near the centre of 
the town there is a pleasant village, where 
several turnpikes meet. 

POMFRET, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. on Lake 
Erie, containing the villages of Dunkirk and 
Fredonia. Pop. 3,386. 

POMME, r. La. runs into the Mississippi. 
Lon. 90° 15' W. ; lat. 37° 18' N. 

POMPEY, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. 11 m. SE. 
from Onondaga, 146 W. from Albany. Pop. 
4,812. This is a valuable agricultural town, 
and has an academy. 

POMPTON, t. Morris co. N. J. 

POMUNKY CREEK, r. Maryland, which 
runs into the Potomac. 

PONDICHERRY, mt. N. H. in Breton 
Woods, and Jefferson. 

PONCHARTRAIN, lake, La. about 35 m. 
long from E. to W. and 25 broad, and gener- 
ally from 12 to 20 feet deep. It communicates 
with Lake Borgne on the SE. with Lake Mau- 
repas on the NW. and with the city of New 
Orleans by Bayou St. John, on the S. 

PONTIAC, v. and seat of justice, Oakland 
co. Mich, on Huron river of Lake St. Clair. It 
stands in a very fertile district 

POOL, r. Mississippi, which runs into the 
Gulf of Mexico. 

POOL'S ISLAND, small isl. in the Chesa- 
peake. Lon. 76° 23' W. ; lat. 39° 22' N. 

POOLESVILLE, v. Spartanburg district, 
S. Carolina. 

POOLS VILLE, t. NW. part of Montgomery 
co. Md. 33 m. NW. from W. 

POOSHAW, lake, in Hancock co. Me. It 
is 9 m. long, and 4 broad. It communicates 
with the Penobscot by Pooshaw river, which, 
after a course of 15 m. flows into the Penob- 
scot, on W. side, opposite Marsh Island. 

POPACHTON, r. one of the higher conflu- 
ents of Delaware river, rises in Greene co. 
N. Y. and thence flowing into Delaware co. 
continues a SW. course of 50 m. into the Del 
aware river. 

POPE, co. II. bounded SE. and S. by Ohio 
river, W. by Johnson, and N. and NE. by Gal- 
latin. Length 30 m. mean width 20. Pop. in 
1820, 2,610; in 1830, 3,323. Chief town, 
Golconda. 



POP— POR 



379 



POPLAR CREEK, r Ten. which runs into 
the Clinch. 

POPLAR CREEK, r. Md. which runs into 
the Potomac. 

POPLAR GROVE, v. Newbury district, 
S. Carolina. 

POPLAR ISLAND, isl. in Chesapeake Bay, 
about 10 m. in circumference. Lat. 38° 45' N. 

POPLAR PLAINS, v. Fleming co. Ken. a 
little N. of E. 106 m. from Frankfort 

POPLAR SPRINGS, v. Ann-Arundel co. 
Maryland. 

POPLAR TOWN, or Trap, t. Worcester 
co. Maryland. 

POPLIN, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 24 m. 
WSW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 429. 

POPOCATEPETL, volcanic mountain of 
Mexico, in Puebla, rising to the great elevation 
of 17,716 feet above the level of the ocean. 

PORCUPINE, r. N. America, runs into the 
Missouri, 110 m. above the Yellow-stone. 

PORCUPINE RIVER, r. NW. Territory, 
runs into Lake Superior. Lat. 46° 14' N. 

PORTAGE, co. Ohio, bounded by Columbi- 
ana SE. Stark S. Medina W. Cuyahoga NW. 
Geauga N. and Trumbull E. Length 30 m. 
breadth 24. Pop. in 1820, 10,095 ; in 1830, 
18,827. Chief town, Ravenna. The land is gen- 
erally high, elevated and considerably broken. 

PORTAGE DESSIEUX, v. St. Charles co. 
Miso. 25 m. from St. Charles. 

PORT AU PRINCE, seaport of St. Domin- 
go, seated on a bay on the W. side of the island, 
of which part it is the capital. It was taken 
by the English and royalists in 1794, but the 
whole island has been since evacuated by the 
English. Lon. 72° 10' W. ; lat. 18° 45' X. 

PORT BYRON, v. Cayuga co. N. Y. 

PORT CONWAY, v. King George's co. Va. 
65 m. S. from W. 

PORTER, t. Oxford co. Me. 34 m. SW. 
from Paris. Pop. 841. 

PORTER, t Niagara co. N. Y. on Lake 
Ontario. 

PORTER, t on the Ohio river, in Scioto co. 
Ohio. Pop. 917. 

PORTER BRIDGE, v. Oxford co. Me. 45 
m. NW. from Portland. 

PORT GIBSON, seat of justice for Clai- 
borne co. Miss, on the w T aters of the Bayou 
Pierre, 45 m. NE. of Natchez, and 12 m. E. 
of the Mississippi river, contains a branch of 
the State Bank, a handsome court-house, a 
printing-office, which issues a large weekly 
paper, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Distance 
from W. 1,101 m. 

PORT PENN, a small village in Newcastle 
co. Del. on the bank of the Delaware river, 50 
m below Philadelphia. 

PORT REPUBLIC, t. Rockingham co. Va. 
on S. branch of the Shenandoah, 22 m. NE. 
from Staunton. 

PORT ROYAL, t. Caroline co. Va. on the 
Rappahannock, 20 m. SE. from Fredericks- 
burg. 

PORT ROYAL, t. Montgomery co. Ten. at 
the union of the Sulphur Fork and Red River, 
12 m. E. from Clarkesville. 

PORT ROYAL ISLAND, isl. in Port 



Royal Entrance, near the coast of S. Carolina, 
about 12 m. long and 5 wide. Beaufort is the 
principal town. Lat. 32° 12' N. 

PORT TOBACCO, t. and cap. Charles co. 
Md. on a small river of the same name, which 
runs into the Potomac a little below the town, 
45 m. SSW. from Annapolis. It contains an 
Episcopal church, a ware-house for the inspec- 
tion of tobacco, and about 80 houses. In the 
vicinity are the celebrated cold waters of Mount 
Misery, 32 m. from W. 

PORT WATSON, v. Cortlandt co. N. Y. 
on the Tioughnioga, 3 m. from the court- 
house. See Homer. 

PORT WILLIAM, t. and cap. Gallatin co. 
Ken. at the conflux of Kentucky river with 
the Ohio, 37 m. N. from Frankfort, and 565 
from W. Pop. 324. 

PORTAGE, t. in SW. corner of Portage 
co. Ohio, on the Tuscarawas. Pop. 475. 

PORTAGE, or Carrying river, r. Ohio, 
which runs into Lake Erie, 15 m. W. of the 
Sandusky. 

PORTAGE DES SIOUX, v. Missouri, on 
the W. bank of the Mississippi, 6 m. above the 
Missouri, 24 m. N. from St. Louis. 

PORTER, t. Oxford co. Me. 34 m. SW. from 
Paris. Pop. 841. 

PORTLAND, t. and port of entry, Cum- 
berland co. Me. 54 m. NNE. from Portsmouth, 
115 NNE. from Boston, and 542 from W. 
Lon. 70° 20' W. ; lat. 43° 39' W. It is a very 
pleasant town, finely situated on a peninsula 
in Casco bay. It is the shire-town of the co. 
and till this year (1832) it has been the capi- 
tal of the state. The harbor is large, safe, 
easy of access, and is frozen but for a very 
short time each winter. It is the largest town 
in Maine, and has a very active commerce. 
The shipping of the port in 1829 amounted to 
56,949 tons. It has many handsome buildings, 
among which are 8 houses of public worship, 
a custom-house and court-house. It has 6 
banks, including a branch of the U. S. bank, 
an insurance office, academy, public library, 
and several flourishing schools. On opposite 
sides of the ship-channel are forts Preble and 
Scammel. The entrance of the harbor is 
marked by a light-house, and on the pinnacle 
of Mount Joy is a conspicuous observatory. In 
1820 it contained 8,520 inhabitants ; in 1830, 
12,601. 

PORTLAND, New, t. Somerset co. Me. 22 
m. NW. from Norridgewock. Pop. 1,215. 

PORTLAND, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. on 
Lake Erie, 9 m. from the head of Chatauque 
Lake. Pop. 1,771. 

PORTLAND, v. Jefferson co. Ken. below 
Louisville. 

PORTLAND, v. Dallas co. Al. 16 m. from 
Cahawba. 

PORTO BELLO, seaport of N. America, 
on the N. coast of the isthmus of Darien, hav- 
ing a large commodious harbor, with good an- 
chorage and shelter for ships ; its entrance is 
narrow, and defended by several forts. It is 
70 m. N. of Panama, and 300 W. of Cartha^ 
gena. Lon. 80° 45' W. ; lat. 9° 33' N. 

PORTSMOUTH, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 



380 



PGR — POU 



at the mouth of the Piscataqua, with an excel- 
lent harbor. It is the only seaport in the state, 
and has considerable commerce. Here is a 
navy-yard of the U. States. The town has 7 
churches, a branch of the United States bank, 
2 insurance-offices, and an athenaeum. Two 
bridges cross the river to Kittery, in Maine. 
In Dec. 1813 a fire destroyed 397 buildings 
here. It is 24 m. NNE. from Newburyport, 
56 N. by E. from Boston, and 54 SSW. from 
Portland. Pop. 8,082. Lat. 43° 5' N.; Ion. 
70° 45' W. 

PORTSMOUTH, t. Newport co. R. I. on 
N. end of the island of R. I. 7 m. N. from 
Newport. Pop. 1,727. It is connected with 
Tiverton by a bridge, and with Bristol by a 
ferry. In the NW. part of the township there 
is a coal mine. 

PORTSMOUTH, t. and cap. Scioto co.Ohio, 
on the E. bank of the Scioto, just above its 
junction with the Ohio, 45 m. S. from Chilli- 
cothe, 44 W. from Gallipolis, 421 m. from W. 
It is advantageously situated, and contains a 
court-house, a jail, and has some trade. Pop. 
1,064. 

PORTSMOUTH, t. Norfolk co. Va. on the 
SW. side of Elizabeth river, opposite Norfolk, 
one mile distant from it, both of which consti- 
tute one port of entry, 110 m. E. by S. from 
Petersburg, 219 m. from W. It is pleasantly 
situated, and regularly laid out, and contains 
a court-house, a jail, a sugar refinery, and 4 
houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, 
1 for Baptists, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Ro- 
man Catholics. The courts for the county of 
Norfolk are held here. 

PORTSMOUTH, s-p. Carteret co. N. C. on 
N. end of Core bank, near Ocrecock inlet, 
chiefly inhabited by fishermen and pilots. 

PORT LOUIS, French fortress, on the SW. 
coast of Hispaniola. Lon. 73° 16' W. ; lat. 
18° 18' N. 

PORT ROYAL, s-p. of Jamaica, 6 m. E. 
of Spanish Town, and as much by water SE. 
of Kingston. Lon. 76° 45' W. ; lat. 18° N. 

PORT ROYAL, town and fort of the island 
of Martinico, 21 m. SE. of St. Pierre. Lon. 
61° 9' W. ; lat. 14° 3' N. 

PORT ROYAL, isl. of S. C lies between 
Broad river on the W. Whale Sound N. 

PORT ROYAL, v. and port of Caroline co. 
Va. on the left bank of Rappahannock, 30 m. 
below Fredericksburg, and 65 m. NNE. from 
Richmond. Pop. about 1,700. 

PORT ROYAL, v. Morgan co. In. about 
40 m. SW. from Indianapolis. 

PORT ROYAL, v. on Red River, Montgo- 
mery co. Ten. 45 m. WNW. from Nashville. 

POSEY, co. In. bordering on the Ohio and 
Wabash. Pop. 6,883. Chief town, Mount 
Vernon. 

POST HILL, v. Morgan co. Geo. 

POST MILL, v. Orange co. Va. 54 m. N. 
from Montpelier. 

POTOKA, r. In. which is formed in Orange 
Co. and flows W. through Pike and Gibson 
«os. and joins the Wabash about 12 m. W. 
from Princeton. 

POTOMAC, r. U. S. which rises in two 



branches, the north and south, originating in 
and near the Alleghany mountains, and forms', 
through its whole course, part of the boundary 
between Virginia and Maryland, and flows into 
Chesapeake Bay, between Point Lookout and 
Smith's Point. It is 7£ miles wide at its mouth. 
This is a fine navigable river for ships of al- 
most any burden for nearly 300 miles, as the 
tide ebbs and flows in it nearly that distance. 
Above the tide-water the river has three con- 
siderable falls, those above Georgetown are 
now passable in boats. Its length above the 
tide is upwards of 300 miles through an in. 
habited country. Its junction with the She- 
nandoah at Harper's Ferry is regarded as a 
great curiosity. See Harper's Ferry. 

POTOMAC CREEK, r. Va. which rune 
into the Potomac. 

POTOSI, t. and cap. Washington co. Mis- 
souri, 45 W. from St. Genevieve, 60 SSW. from 
St. Louis, 915 m.from W. 

POTOSI, San Luis, a state of Mexico, 
bounded S. by Queretaro and Guanaxuato, W. 
by Zacatecas, N. by New Leon, E. by Tauma- 
lipas and the Gulf of Mexico, and SE. by Vera 
Cruz. Length from N. to S. 200 miles, mean 
width about 95. 

POTOSI, San Luis, city of Mexico, and 
seat of government for the state of San Louis 
Potosi. It is situated on the high table-land 
of Anahuac, near the source of the river Panu- 
co, 264 m. NNW. from the city of Mexico. 
Lat. 22° 3' N. ; lon. from W. 23° 25' W. Pop. 
15,000. 

POTSDAM, t. St. Lawrence co. N.Y. 90 
m. W. from Plattsburg, 150 NNW. from Al- 
bany. Pop. 3,650. 

POTTER, co. N. side of Pa. bounded N. by 
New York, E. by Tioga co. S. by Lycoming 
co. and W. by M'Kean co. Chief town, Cou- 
dersport 

POTTER STOWN, v. Hunterdon co. N.J. 
5 m. E. from Lebanon. 

POTTIESVILLE, v. Louisa co. Va. 
POTTSGROVE, v. Montgomery co. Pa. 
POTTSVILLE, a flourishing t. in Schuyl- 
kill co. Pa. which has, within a few years, 
grown from a solitary house to a very con- 
siderable borough. It is situated on one of the 
head branches of the Schuylkill river, near the 
termination of the canal. The sudden rise, 
and rapid increase, of this place, have been 
owing to the immense quantities of coal found 
in the vicinity, and to the location of the canal, 
which terminates here, and renders this place 
a considerable depot for merchandise destined 
for the north and west. Pop. 2,464. 

POUGHKEEPSIE, t. and cap. Dutchess co. 
N.Y. on E. bank of the Hudson, 75 m. N. of New 
York, 85 S. of Albany, 301 from W. The town- 
ship is 10 m. in length from N.toS. and about 3| 
from E. to W. and has 5 landings with exten- 
sive store-houses, wharves, &c. The village 
of Poughkeepsie is situated on a plain about a 
mile E. of the Hudson, and contains a court- 
house, a jail, a bank, an academy, several 
houses of public worship, and 7,222 inhab- 
itants. 

POULTNEY, t. Rutland co. Vt. 56 m. N. 



POU 

from Bennington. Pop. 1,909. It is a con- 
siderable town, is watered by Poultney river, 
and borders on Hampton, N. Y. 

POUNDRIDGE, t. Westchester co. N.Y. 
5 m. SE. from Bedford. Pop. 1,437. 

POWELL'S CREEK, r. Va. which runs into 
James river, Ion. 77° 21' W. ; lat. 37° 13' N. 

POWELL'S CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into 
the Susquehannah, 20 m. above Harrisburg. 

POWELL'S POINT, cape, Va. in James 
river. Lon. 86° 24' W. ; lat. 37° 2' N. 

POWELL'S RIVER, r. which rises from 
Powell's mountain in Virginia, passes into 
Tennessee, and joins Clinch river 38 m. NE. 
from Knoxville. It is said to be navigable for 
boats nearly 100 miles. 

POWELLTON, v. Hancock co. Geo. 14 
m. N. from Sparta. It contains a flourishing 
academy, and 3 churches. 

POWHATAN, co. Va. bounded N. by James 
river, E. by Chesterfield co. S. by the Appoma- 
tox, and W. by Cumberland co. Pop. 8,517. 
Chief town, Scottsville. 

POWNAL, t. Bennington co. Vt. 8 m. S. 
from Bennington. Pop. 1,835. It is a valuable 
agricultural town, watered by Hoosac river, 
and borders on Hoosac, N. Y. and Williams- 
town, Mass. Mount Anthony is partly in this 
town, and partly in Bennington. 

POWNAL, t. Cumberland co. Me. 18 m. 
NE. from Portland, 133 NNE. from Boston. 

POWOW, r. which rises in Kingston, N. H. 
and runs into the Merrimack, W. of Salisbury 
in Mass. 

PRAIRIE, t. in the western limits of Frank- 
lin co. Ohio. Pop. 193. 

PRAIRIE CREEK, v. Vigo co. In. 95 m. 
SW. by W. from Indianapolis. 

PRAIRIE DU CHIEN, v. on the left bank 
of the Mississippi river, cap. of Crawford co. 
Michigan, above the mouth of Ouisconsin river. 
It is an ancient settlement made by French 
traders. The U. S. Fort Crawford stands in 
this settlement. 

PRAIRIE DU ROCHE, v. Randolph co. 
II. It is the same village named often Prairie 
du Rocher. 

PRAIRIE MOUND, v. Lillard co. Miso. 

PRATTSBURG, t. Steuben co. N. Y. Pop. 
2,399. 

PRALLSVILLE, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. 

PRATTSVILLE, v. Alleghany co. Md. on 
the road from Hancockstown to Cumberland, 
and nearly midway between those two places, 
and by postroad 115 m. NW. from W. 

PREBLE, t. Cortlandt co. N.Y. 8 m. N. 
from Homer, 150 W. from Albany. Pop. 
1,435. 

PREBLE, co. W. part of Ohio. Pop. 16,291. 
Chief town, Eaton. 

PRESCOTT, v. U. C. on the St. Lawrence, 
nearly opposite Ogdensburg. 

PRESCOTT, v. Hampshire co. Mass. 76 m. 
westerly from Boston. 

PRESQUE ISLE, a peninsula, on S. side 
of Lake Erie. It is 7 m. long, and from J to 
1£ broad. It is a heap of desert sand, thrown 
up by the surf of the lake. 

PRESSLEY'S, v. Abbeville district, S.C. 



-PRI 381 

PRESSLEY'S CREEK, r. Va. which runs 
into the Potomac. 

PRESTON, t. New London co. Ct. on the 
E. side of the river Thames, 15 m. above New 
London. Pop. 1,935. 

PRESTON, t. New London co. Ct. on E. 
side of the Quinebaug, 6 m. E. from Norwich. 

PRESTON, t. Chenango co. N.Y. 5 m. N. 
from Norwich, 115 W. from Albany. Pop. 
1,213. 

PRESTON, co. Va. bounded by Monongalia 
co. N. Alleghany co. Md. E. Randolph co. Va. 
S. and Harrison co. W. Length 26 m. mean 
width 16. Pop. in 1820, 3,428 ; in 1830, 5099 ; 
blacks, 152. Chief town, Kingwood. 

PRESTON HILLS, in N. H. extending 
from Cockburn to the White Mountains. 

PRESTONSBURG, v. and seat of justice, 
Floyd co. Ken, on the west branch of Big 
Sandy river, 209 m. SE. by E. from Frankfort. 
Pop. 81. 

PRESTON'S CREEK, or Wood Creek, r. 
Ken. which runs into the Ohio. 

PRESTONVILLE, v. Rhea co. Ten. 140 
m. a little S. of E. from Murfreesborough. 
PRESTONVILLE, t. Gallatin co. Ken 
PRESUMSCUT, r. Me. which flows from 
Sebacook Lake into Casco Bay, NE. of Port- 
land. 

PREWITT'S KNOB, v. Barren co. Ken 
144 m. SSW. from Frankfort. 

PRICE'S TAVERN, t. Louisa co. Va. 60 
m. NW. from Richmond. 

PRICIS, t. St. Charles district, Miso. 
PRIESTFORD, v. Harford co. Md. 
PRINCE'S BAY, on the S. coast of Staten 
Island, N. Y. 

PRINCE EDWARD, co. of U. C. occupy- 
ing a peninsula between Lake Ontario and the 
Bay of Quinte. 

PRINCE EDWARD, co. Va. bounded by 
Lunenburg SE. Charlotte S. and SW. Buck- 
ingham NW. Cumberland, or Appomatox river 
N. Amelia NE. and Nottaway E. Length 25 m. 
mean width 10. Pop. in 1820, 12,577 ; in 1830, 
14,107; slaves, 8,593. 

PRINCE EDWARD, C. H. and t. Prince 
Edward co. Va. 

PRINCE FREDERICK, t. Culvert co. Md. 
40 m. SW. from Annapolis. 

PRINCE FREDERICK^ parish of George- 
town district, S. C. 

PRINCE GEORGE, co. Md. bounded NE 
by Ann-Arundel co. E. by Calvert co. S. by 
Charles co. W. by the Potomac, and NW. by 
the District of Columbia and Montgomery co. 
Pop. 20,473. Chief town, Upper Marlborough. 

PRINCE GEORGE, co. Va. bounded Nl 
by James river, SSE. by Surrey and Sussex 
cos. W. by Dinwiddie co. and NW. by Chester- 
field co. Pop. 8,368. Chief town, City Point. 

PRINCE ROYAL ISLANDS, a group of 
islands on the W. side of N. America, E. of 
Queen Charlotte's Islands, with a navigable 
channel between. 

PRINCESS ANNE, co. SE. corner of Va. 
bounded N. by Chesapeake Bay, E. by the At- 
lantic, S. by N. Carolina, and W. by Norfolk 
co. Pop. 9,102. Chief town, Kempsville. 



882 



PRI— PRO 



PRINCESS ANNE, t. and cap. Somerset 
co. Md. at the head of the Manokin, 20 m. W. 
from Snowhill, 153 m. SE. from W. It con- 
tains a court-house, a jail, a hank, an academy, 
and Episcopal church, and has some manufac- 
tures and trade. 

PRINCETON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 14 
m. NNW. from Worcester, 52 W. by N. from 
Boston. Pop. 1,345. It is a valuable town- 
ship. Wachusett mountain is situated 2 m. 
N. of the meeting-house. It may be seen at 
the distance of 67 m. and according to the ad- 
measurement of Dr. Winthrop it is 3,012 feet 
above the level of the sea. 

PRINCETON, t. N. J. partly in Middlesex 
and partly in Somerset cos. 10 m. NE. from 
Trenton, 16 SW. from New Brunswick, 40 
NE. from Philadelphia, 49 SW. from N. York. 
Lon. 74° 35' W. ; lat. 40° 22' N. It is a pleas- 
ant town, and contains a College, a Theologi- 
cal Seminary, a brick Presbyterian church, 
and upwards of 200 dwelling-houses. The 
College at this place was founded in 1746, at 
Elizabethtown ; the next year it was removed 
to Newark, and a royal charter was granted to 
it in 1748, by the title of the College of New 
Jersey, which is its corporate name at present. 
It remained at Newark 10 years, and in 1757 
was permanently established at Princeton. Its 
situation is pleasant and peculiarly healthful, 
and it has long been one of the most respecta- 
ble seminaries in the U. States. The college 
edifice is called Nassau Hall. It is 1 75 feet in 
length by 50 deep, and 4 stories high. Beside 
a chapel 40 feet square, there are 2 other large 
buildings attached to the College, which con- 
tain philosophical apparatus, museum, recita- 
tion rooms, &c. These buildings are all of 
stone. The number of students ranges from 
75 to 150. The total number of those who 
have graduated at this college from its com- 
mencement to 1830 was 1,913. Commence- 
ment is held on the last Wednesday in Sep- 
tember. There are 2 vacations: the 1st, from 
commencement, 6 weeks; the 2d, from the 
first Thursday after the second Tuesday in 
April, 4 weeks. The Theological Seminary 
was established at this place in 1812. It is 
under the direction of the General Assembly 
of the Presbyterian church in the U. States, and 
has 2 professors, one of didactic and polemic 
theology, and one of ecclesiastical history and 
church government. 

PRINCETON, t. Schenectady co. N. Y. 
7 m. W. Schenectady. Pop. 819. 

PRINCETON, t. Caldwell co. Ken. 

PRINCETON, v. Butler co. Ohio, 6 m. E. 
from Hamilton. Pop. 33. 

PRINCETON, t. Gibson co. In. 35 m. S. 
from Vincennes. It is a flourishing town. 

PRINCE OF WALES, Cape, the NW. ex- 
tremity of the American continent, opposite 
East Cape, on the shore of Asia. Lon. 191° 
45' E. ; lat. 65° 46' N. 

PRINCE OF WALES' FORT, N. Ameri- 
ca, on Churchill river, belonging to the Hud- 
son Bay Company. Lon. 94° 7' W. ; lat. 58° 
47' N. 

PRINCE WILLIAM, co. NE. part of Va. 



bounded NNE. by Loudon and Fairfax coa, 

E. by the Potomac, S. by Stafford co. and SW. 
by Fauquier co. Pop. 9,330. Chief town, 
Brents vi lie. 

PRINCE WILLIAM, t. York co. New 
Brunswick, on the W. side of the river St, 
John. 

PRINCE WILLIAM'S SOUND, a great 
inlet of the Pacific ocean, on the N. American 
coast, which occupies a degree and a half of 
latitude, and two of longitude. It requires the 
greatest circumspection to navigate it, on ac- 
count of the rocks and shoals. Lon. 147° W. ' 
lat. 59° 30' ,o 61° N. 

PROCTOR'S CREEK, r. Va. which runs 
into James river. 

PROSPECT, t. Waldo co. Me. on W. side 
of the Penobscot, at its entrance into Penob- 
scot Bay, 15 m. NNW. from Castine, 227 NE. 
from Boston. Pop. 2,381. It has an excellent 
harbor, with water sufficiently deep for the 
largest ships of war. 

PROSPECT, t. Prince Edward co. Va. 

PROSPECT, Neio, v. Bergen co. N. J. 

PROSPECT HILL, v. Fairfax co. Va. 15 
m. W. from W. 

PROSPECT HILL, v. Renssellaer co. N. Y. 
23 m. from Albany. 

PROSPECT HILL, v. Caswell co. N. C. 88 
m. NW. from Raleigh. 

PROVIDENCE, one of the least of the Ba- 
hama Islands, but the best of those planted by 
the English. It lies 200 m. E. of Florida. 
Lon. 77° 1' W. ; lat. 24° 50' N. 

PROVIDENCE, North, t. Providence co. 
R. I. on the W. side of the Pawtucket. Pop. 
3,503. It lies on N. side of Providence, and 
contains several cotton manufactories, 2 banks, 
and an air-furnace. Pawtucket village is in 
this township. 

PROVIDENCE, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. 20 m. 
N. from Schenectady, 34£ NNW. from Alba- 
ny. Pop. 1,579. 

PROVIDENCE, t. Mecklenburg co. N. C. 

PROVIDENCE, New, t. Essex co. N. J. 
Pop. 910. 

PROVIDENCE, co. R. I. bounded N. and 
E. by Massachusetts, S. by Kent co. and W. 
by Connecticut. Pop. 47,014. 

PROVIDENCE, t. port of entry, and me- 
tropolis of R. Island, in a eounty of the same 
name, 15 m. NNW. from Bristol, 30 N. by W 
from Newport, 40 SSW. from Boston, 59 NE. 
from New London, 65 E. from Hartford, 394 
from W. Lon. 71° 10' W.; lat. 41° 51' N. 
Pop. 1 6,832. It is situated on both sides of 
Providence river, just above the mouth of the 
Pawtucket, and 35 m. from the ocean. It is a 
pleasant, well-built, and very thriving town, 
well situated for trade, and has a flourishing 
commerce, and extensive manufactures. It 
possesses a fine harbor for ships of almost any 
burden, and its commerce is rapidly increas- 
ing, its shipping amounting to 25,000 tons. It 
contains 15 or 16 public buildings, among 
which the buildings of Brown University, and 
the Arcade, a magnificent structure, are the 
most conspicuous. It has 12 churches for the 
different denominations. Two of the Congre- 



PRO— PUT 



383 



Rational churches, and a Baptist and Episco- 
palian church, are remarkable for their beauty. 
Here are 11 banks, including an office of dis- 
count and deposit of the U. S. bank. The nu- 
merous and respectable manufactories of the 
city and Pawtucket are what has given this 
city its impulse towards prosperity. Few 
towns have increased more rapidly within the 
last ten years. Another element of this in- 
crease has been its connexion with the inte- 
rior of Massachusetts by the Blackstone canal. 
Brown University is a respectable and flour- 
ishing institution: its libraries contain 12,100 
volumes. There are 2 college edifices, one 
150 by 46 feet, and 4 stories high, with wings ; 
and the other 120 by 40 feet. The position 
of these buildings, on a noble elevation, is 
charming. The government of the University 
is composed of 36 trustees, of whom the presi- 
dent and 21 others must be Baptists. The 
other members of the board are shared among 
the different denominations, of whom 5 must 
be Friends. The Friends' Boarding School 
in this city is a most excellent institution. 
Every aspect of this handsome and thriving 
town indicates active and successful enterprise. 

PROVIDENCE RIVER, r. R. I. formed 
by Wanasquiatucket and Moshasick, which 
unite just above Providence. It flows into 
Narraganset Bay, at Bullock's Point, 5 or 6 
m. below Providence. 

PROVINCE, t. Clarke co. In. 7 m. from the 
Ohio, and 23 above the rapids. 

PROVINCE ISLAND, fertile island in the 
river Delaware, 6 m. below Philadelphia. 

PROVINCETOWN,t. Barnstable co. Mass. 
near Cape Cod, 44 m. NE. from Barnstable, 
116 SE. from Boston. Pop. 1,710. It is situ- 
ated on the hook of Cape Cod, 3 m. SE. from 
Race Point. The harbor, which is one of the 
best in the state, opens to the southward, and 
has sufficient depth of water for ships of any 
size. The houses are of one story, and in 
order to prevent their being buried in the sand, 
they are set on piles, that the driving sands 
may pass under them. 

PROWELLSVILLE, v. York co. Pa. 7 m. 
S. from Harrisburg. 

PRUDENCE, isl. in Narraganset Bay, be- 
longing to Portsmouth, R. I. 6 m. long ; 2 m. 
SW. from Bristol. 

PRUNTYTOWN, t. Harrison co. Va. 

PUEBLA, a state of Mexico, bounded by 
the Pacific Ocean S. Mexico W. QueretaroNW. 
Vera Cruz NE. and Oaxaca E. and SE. ; length 
350 m. breadth 53. A great portion of Puebla 
is a lofty plain and highly productive in grain 
and fruits. In this region is concentrated the 
principal part of the population, which is com- 
puted to be 1,300,000, one million of which 
exist upon 10,000 sq. ras. 

PUEBLA, city of Mexico, and capital of the 
state of the same name. It is the 4th city of 
Spanish America, and is only exceeded by 
Mexico, Guanaxuato, and Havana. Pop. about 
100,000. Lat. 19° N.; Ion. 21° W. It is 87 
m. SE. by E. from Mexico, and 160 m. WNW. 
from Vera Cruz. 



PUGET'S ISLAND, narrow isl. about 5 m. 
in length, in Columbia river, about 24 m. from 
its mouth. 

PUGHTOWN, v. Chester co. Pa. 

PUGHTOWN, v. Frederick co. Va. 79 m 
from W. 

PULASKI, co. Geo. bounded by Telfair SE. 
Houston SW. Monroe N W. Twiggs N. and 
Laurens NE. Length 35 m. mean width 14. 
Little Oakmulgee river rises in the NE. angle, 
and traverses the entire length of this county 
Pop. in 1820, 5,223; in 1830, 4,899. Chief 
town, Hartford. 

PULASKI, co. Ken. bounded by Cumber 
land river, or Wayne S. Adair W. Casey and 
Lincoln NW. Rockcastle NE. and Rockcastle 
river, or White E. Length 35 m. mean width 
23. Pop. in 1820, 7,597; in 1830, 9,522. 
Chief town, Somerset. 

PULASKI, v. and seat of justice, Giles co. 
Ten. on Richland branch of Elk river, 45 m. 
NW. from Huntsville, 80 S. from Nashville. 

PULASKI, co. Ark. on the Cadron, about 
300 m. above Arkiopolis. Pop. 2,395. Chief 
town, Little Rock. 

PULTA WAT AMIES, Indians, on the river 
St. Joseph, S. of Lake Michigan. No. 1,200. 

PULTNEY, t Steuben co. N. Y. on the W. 
side of Crooked Lake, 11 m. N. from Bath, 230 
W. from Albany. Pop. 1,730. 

PULTNEY, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 1,548. 

PULTNEYVILLE, v. in Williamson, N.Y 

PUNCH HALL, v. Caroline co. Md. 

PUNGOTEAGUE, v. Accomac co. Va. 

PUNXETAWNY, v. Jefferson co. Pa. on 
Mahoning creek, 70 m. NE. from Pittsburg, 
and 35 NE. by E. from Kittanning. 

PUT-IN-BAY, bay, formed by the island 
of Edwards in SW. part of Lake Erie, 10 m. 
WNW. from Sandusky Bay. It affords the 
best harbor on the lake. 

PUTNAM, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Dutch- 
ess co. E. by Connecticut, S. by Westchester 
co. and W. by the Hudson river. Pop. 12,701. 
Chief town, Carmel. 

PUTNAM, v. Muskingum co. Ohio, oppo- 
site Zanesville, with which it is connected by 
a handsome bridge. Pop. 758. It is a flour- 
ishing town, and contains an academy, and 
some mills. A number of the dwelling-houses 
are handsomely built of brick. The academy 
is a brick building of two stories. 

PUTNAM, t. Washington co. N. Y. 28 m. 
N. from Sandy Hill. Pop. 718. It lies on 
Lake Champlain. 

PUTNAM, co. Ohio, bounded by Henry N. 
Hancock E. Allen S. and Vanwert and Paul- 
ding W. It is 24 m. square. Pop. 230. Chief 
town, Sugar Grove. It is watered by the Hog 
and Blanchard's rivers. Surface, generally 
level. 

PUTNAM, co. Geo. bounded by the Oconee 
river, or Hancock SE. Baldwin and Jones S. 
Jasper W. Morgan N. and Oconee river, or 
Greene NE. Length 20 m. mean width 18. 
Pop. in 1820, 15,475 ; in 1830, 13,656. Chief 
town, Eatonton. 

PUTNEY, t. Windham co. Vt. on the Con- 



384 



PYA— RAC 



necticut, 33 m. S. from Windsor. Pop. 1,510. 
It is a pleasant and flourishing town. 
PYAMATUNING, t. Mercer co. Pa. 

Q. 

QUACHA, lake, Louisiana, 7 m. W. from 
New Orleans. 

QUAKAKE, creek in Northampton co. Pa. 
one of the branches of the Lehigh river. 

QUAKER HILL, v. in Pawling, N. Y. 

QUAKERTOWN, t. Bucks co. Pa. 33 m. 
NNW. from Philadelphia. 

QUANTICO, r. Prince William co. Va. runs 
into the Potomac, 4 m. below Dumfries. 

QUANTICO MILLS, v. Somerset co. Md. 

QUARLESVILLE, v. Brunswick co. Va. 

QUEBEC, city, and cap. of British America, 
on the N. bank of the St. Lawrence, near the 
mouth of the St. Charles, 350 m. from the sea. 
Pop. about 21,000. It is naturally divided into 
the upper and lower town. The upper town 
is built on a high rock, 340 feet above the 
lower. Its position, with its fortifications, ren- 
ders it the strongest military fortress in the 
country. The French parish church, college, 
barracks, castle of St. Louis, and Ursuline con- 
vent, are among the principal buildings that 
arrest the attention of the stranger. The basin 
or harbor is very spacious, with a depth of 28 
fathoms. The commercial relations are ex- 
tensive and increasing. 

QUEECHY, r. Vt. rises in Sherburne, and 
runs into the Connecticut, N. of Hartland. 

QUEEN ANN, co. Md. bounded N. by Kent 
co. E. by Delaware, SE. by Caroline co. S. by 
Talbot co. and W. by Chesapeake Bay. Pop. 
14,396. Chief town, Centreville. 

QUEEN ANN, t. Prince George co. Md. on 
the Patuxent, 10 m. SW. from Annapolis. 

QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, group 
of islands in the N. Pacific, explored by captain 
Carteret in 1767. The most considerable he 
named Egmont, but the Spaniards call it Santa 
Cruz. It is 60 m. long, and from 20 to 30 
broad, woody and mountainous, with many 
valleys intermixed. The inhabitants are very 
nimble, vigorous, and active, and their weapons 
are bows and arrows pointed with flint. On 
the N. side is a harbor named Swallow Bay. 
Lon. 164° 26' E. ; lat. 10° 42' S. 

QUEENS, co. Nova Scotia, on the Bay of 
Fundy. 

QUEENS, co. New Brunswick, on both sides 
of St. John's river. Chief town, Gagetown. 

QUEENSBOROUGH, v. Pendleton district, 
130 m. NW. from Columbia. 

QUEENSBOROUGH, small village in Tus- 
carawas co. Ohio, 13 m. E. by N. from New 
Philadelphia. Pop. 20. 

QUEENSBUR Y, t. Warren co. N. Y. on the 
Hudson, 56 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 3,080. 

QUEEN'S COUNTY, co. N. Y. in W. part 
of Long Island, bounded N. by Long Island 
Sound, E. by Suffolk co. S. by the Atlantic, and 
W. by King's co. Pop. 22,276. Chief town, 
North Hempstead. 

QUEEN'S CREEK, r. N.C. runs into the 
Atlantic. Lon. 77° 28' W. ; lat. 34° 37' N. 

QUEENSDALE, v. Robeson co. N.C. 



QUEENSTOWN, U.C. situated upon tne 
Niagara river, about 7 m. above Newark. Pop. 
400. It is at the head of the navigation for 
ships, and the portage, occasioned by the Falls 
of Niagara, which commences here. Here is 
a large number of huts, sufficient to quarter a 
regiment. 

QUEENSTOWN, t. Queen Ann's co. Md. 
E. from Chesapeake Bay, and 24 m. NNW. 
from Easton. 

QUEMAHONING, t. Somerset co. Pa. 

QUERETARO, city of Mexico, and capital 
of the state of the same name, 95 m. NW. from 
the city of Mexico. Lat. 20° 36' N. ; lon. from 
W. 23° 11' W. Pop. 45,000. It is the most 
extensive manufacturing city of Spanish 
America 

QUERETARO, state of Mexico, bounded 
S. by Mexico, W. by Guanaxuato, N. by San 
Luis Potosi, NE. by Vera Cruz, and SE. by 
Puebla. Length from E. to W. 160 m. mean 
breadth about 56 ; area 13,482 sq. ms. Pop. 
nearly 800,000. Queretaro lies between lat 
20° and 21° 50' N. 

QUIBLETOWN, v. Middlesex co. N.J. 6 
m. N. from New Brunswick. 

QUICKSAND, r. N. A. runs N. into the 
Columbia, nearly opposite to Seal river. 

QUICOURRE, r. La. which runs into the 
Missouri, 1,000 m. from the Mississippi. 

QUINCEY, v. Morgan co. II, 

QUINCEY, v. Adams co. II. 

QUINCY, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 9 m. SE. 
from Boston. Pop. 2,192. Here is a quarry 
of excellent granite, much used for building in 
Boston and the neighborhood. The Quincy 
Rail-road extends from this place to Neponset 
river. It is 3 m. in length, with a single track. 
It was constructed in 1826, and was the first 
undertaking of the kind in America This is 
a pleasant town, and is remarkable for having 
been the birth-place of two Presidents of the 
U. States, John Adams, and John Quincy Ad- 
ams. It is at present (1832) the residence of 
the latter. 

QUINSIGAMOND, or Long Pond, lake, 
Mass. between Worcester and Shrewsbury. It 
is a beautiful sheet of water, about 5 m. in 
length, and from 60 to 100 rods in breadth, and 
contains a number of small islands. 

QUINTE, a bay and harbor in the NE. part 
of Lake Ontario, a little to the W. of Kings- 
ton, 50 m. long, and from 6 to 12 broad. 

R. 

RABUN, NW. co. Geo. between Chessatee 
and Catahooche rivers, having Habersham E. 
and Hall SE. This is the NW. co. of only 
that part of Georgia, reclaimed from the In- 
dians, but is situated near 100 m. E. from the 
actual NW. angle of Georgia, on Tennessee r. 
Pop. 2,175. Chief town, Clayton. 

RACCOON, t. Gallia co. Ohio. 

RACCOON, id. in the Atlantic, near the 
coast of S. Carolina, 9 m. long, and 1 wide. 
Lon. 79° 22' W. ; lat. 33° 3' N. 

RACCOON CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs 
into the Ohio, 6 m. below Gallipolis. Along 
the borders of this stream, in Athens co. are 



RAC— RAN 



385 



extensive quarries of stsne, from which burr 
jnill-stones of excellent quality are manufac- 
tured. Length 50 m. 

RACCOON CREEK, r. Pa. runs into the 
Ohio. Lon. 80° 25' W. ; lat. 40° 38' N. 

RACCOON ISLAND, small isl. in Ossabaw 
Sound, belonging to Georgia. Lon. 81° 12' 
W. ; lat. 31° 47' N. 

RACCOON KEYS, cluster of small islands 
•near the coast of S. C Lon. 79° 15' W. ; lat. 
•24° 8' N. 

RACE POINT, cape, on the coast of Mass. 
W. of Cape Cod. Lon. 70° 12' W. ; lat. 42° 
4' N. 

RACK, Lower, small isl. near the coast of 
Va. Lon. 75° 50' W. ; lat. 37° 20' N. 

RACK, Upper, small isl. near the coast of 
Va. Lon. 75° 45' W. ; lat. 37° 26' N. 

RACKET, r. N. Y. rises near the sources 
<>f the Hudson, and flows N. into the St. Law- 
rence, 2 m. above St. Regis. 

RACKETON, v. in Louisville, N. Y. at the 
head of batteau navigation on Racket river, 20 
m. from its confluence with the St. Lawrence, 
25 m. E. from Ogdensburg. 

RAHWAY, t. Essex co. N.J. 5 m. SW. 
fr,om Elizabethtown. Pop. 1,983. 

RAHWAY, small river or creek of Essex 
and Middlesex cos. N. J. falls into Staten Island 
Sound, 4 m. from Newark Bay. 

RAINY LAKE, lake, N. America, divided 
by an isthmus near the middle, into two parts. 
The W. part is called the Great Rainy Lake, 
the E. the Little Rainy Lake, being the least 
division. The broadest part of it is not more 
than 20 m. ; its length, including both, about 
300 m. In the W. part the water is very clear 
md good, and some excellent fish are taken in 
t. A great many fowls resort here in the fall, 
lyjoose deer are to be found in great plenty, 
md likewise the Carraboo, whose skin is high- 
y valued as a material for the fabrication of 
oreeches and gloves. 

RAINY RIVER, r. II. which rises near the 
W. border of Indiana, flows WNW. and joins 
the Illinois. 

RAISIN, r. Michigan Territory, flows into 
the W. end of Lake Erie. 

RAISIN, r. Michigan Territory, flows into 
Lake Michigan, 16 m. N. from Barbice. It 
lerives its name from the great quantities of 
crapes found on its banks. 

RAISIN ISLES, in Lake St. Francis, U. C. 
?e between the mouth of the river aux Raisins 
;nd the point of that name ; they are small 
<nd rocky. 

RAISINS, Riviere Aux, runs through the 
ownships of Osnabruck, Cornwall, and Char- 
ottenburg, emptying itself into Lake St Fran- 
tis, near the SE. angle of the latter, in Corn- 
vail co. U. C. 

RALEIGH, metropolis of N. C. in Wake co. 
10 m. from Wake court-house, 27 NW. from 
Smithfield, the nearest point of navigation, 57 
3. from Warrenton, 60 N. from Fayetteville, 
164 SSW. from Richmond, and 270 from W. 
Lon. 78° 48' W. ; lat. 35° 47' N. Pop. 1,700. 
It contains a state-house, a court-house, a jail, 
,a governor's house 4 a market-house s a theatre, 
2Y 



a state bank, and a branch of another, 2 
academies, 1 for males and 1 for females, 2 
churches, and 3 or 4 printing-offices. The 
site is a pleasant and elevated one. Union 
Square, containing 10 acres, occupies the cen- 
tre of the town. From the sides of this squaro 
extend 4 streets, each 99 feet wide, which di- 
vide the town into 4 quarters. The state- 
house stands in the centre of Union Square, 
and is a superb edifice of brick. 

RALEIGH, v. Union co. Ken. on the Ohio 
river, 3 m. below the mouth of Wabash, and 
10 by water above Shawneeiown. 

RAMAH, v. Wilkinson co. Geo. 33 m. south- 
wardly from Milledgeville. 

RAMAPAUGH, small river, Bergen co. 
N. J. rises in N. Y. in RoGkland co. flows S. 
into N. J. and joins Long Point and Pequanock 
rivers at Pompton, to form Pompton river. 

RAMAPAUGH, iron works, and p-t. Rock- 
land co. N. Y. on Ramapaugh river, 35 m. 
nearly N. from the city of New York. 

RAMAPO, or Ringwood, r. in N. Y. and 
N. J. a branch of the Passaic. Length 23 m. 

RAMAPO WORKS, v. in Hempstead, 
N. Y. on Ramapo river, 40 m. N. from N. Y 
This is a considerable village, containing ex 
tensive iron works, and some mills. 

RAM ISLAND, isl. in Long Island Sound, 
near Southold on Long Island. 

RAMSEY'S FERRY, v. Livingston co. 
Ken. 

RANDALLSTOWN, v. Baltimore co. Md 
42 m. from W. 

RANDALLSVILLE, v. Robeson co. N. C 
88 m. SSW. from Raleigh. 

RANDOLPH, t. Orange co. Vt. 12 ra. 
WSW. from Chelsea, 23 S. from Montpelier, 
38 N. from Windsor. Pop. 2,743. This is a 
valuable agricultural town, and has a village 
containing an academy, and a Congregational 
meeting-house. There is an extensive bed of 
iron ore in this town. It is watered by the 
branches of White river, and has valuable 
mills and iron works. 

RANDOLPH, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 15 m. S. 
from Boston. Pop. 2,200. 

RANDOLPH, t. Morris co. N. J. Pop. 
1,443. 

RANDOLPH, t. Coos co. N. H. Pop. 143. 

RANDOLPH, co. NW. part of Va. bound- 
ed N. by Monongalia co. E. and SE. by Pen- 
dleton co. SW. by Greenbrier and Kenhawa 
cos. and W. by Harrison co. It is watered by 
the head waters of the Monongahela. Pop, 
5,000, of whom 374 are colored. Chief town, 
Beverly. 

RANDOLPH, co. N. C. bounded by Moore 
SE. Montgomery S. Rowan W Guilford N. 
and Chatham E. It is 36 m. square. It is 
drained by Deep river; and by White and 
Uwharee, branches of Yadkin river. Its east- 
ern borders are about 55 m. W. from Raleigh. 
Pop. in 1820, 11,325; in 1830, 12,400. Chief 
town, Ashborough. 

RANDOLPH, one of the southern towns 
of Portage co. Ohio. Pop. 688. 

RANDOLPH, t Montgomery co t Ohio. 
Pop. 1,458. 



386 



RAN — RED 



RANDOLPH, co. In. bounded by the state 
of Ohio E. Wayne co. m In. S. by Henry and 
Delaware W. and the Indian country on the 
N. Length along" Ohio 36 m. mean width 15, 
area 540 sq. ir>- Mississiniwa branch of Wa- 
bash, and White river branch of Miami, rise 
in this co. Chief town, Winchester. Pop. in 
L820, 1,808 ; in 1830, 3,012. 

RANDOLPH, co. II. bounded by the Mis- 
sissippi river SW. Monroe co- W. St. Clair and 
Washington N. Jefferson and Franklin E. and 
Tackson SE. Length 54 m. mean width 16. 
Kaskaskias river passes through, and enters 
the Mississippi in, this co. Chief town, Kas- 
kaskias. Pop. in 1820, 3,492 ; in 1830, 4,436. 

RANDOM, t. Essex co. Vt.58 m. NE. from 
Montpelier. Pep. 105. 

RANSOM'S BRIDGE, v. Halifax co. N. C. 

RAPID ANN, r. Va. rises in the Blue 
Ridge, in Madison and Orange cos. between 
which, the main branch by the name of Con- 
way river, flows SE. to the SE. Mountain; 
turns thence NE. between Madison and Or- 
ange, and between Orange and Culpeper, and 
afterwards between Culpeper and Spottsylva- 
nia, and joins the Rappahannock 10 m. above 
Fredericksburg. 

RAPIDES, parish, La. bounded by Opelou- 
sas S. Natchitoches W. and NW. Washita and 
Ocatahoola N. Concordia E. and Avoyelles SE. 
Length 55 m. mean width 43. The surface 
considerably varied. Chief town, Alexandria. 
Pop. in 1820, 6,065 ; in 1630, 7,559. 

RAPID PLAT, in the river St. Lawrence, 
in front of the t. of Matilda, containing about 
200 acres. The soil is good, and lies partly in 
front of the t. of Williamsburg, U. C. 

RAPPAHANNOCK, navigable river, Va. 
which rises in the Blue Ridge, and runs ESE. 
about 130 m. and flows into the Chesapeake 
25 m. S. of the Potomac. It is navigable for 
vessels of 130 or 140 tons to Fredericksburg, 
110 m. from its mouth. 

RARITAN, r. N. J. formed by 2 branches, 
which unite about 20 m. above New Bruns- 
wick. Its general course is S. of E. It is a 
remarkably crooked stream, as well as nar- 
row, but so deep that it is navigable for heavy 
sloops and steam-boats to New Brunswick, 17 
m. from Raritan Bay, through which it com- 
municates with the Atlantic, south of Staten 
Island. 

RARITAN, bay of N. Y. and N. J. opens 
in a triangular form between the mouths of 
Raritan and Hudson rivers. 

RATTLESNAKE ISLANDS, cluster of 
small islands at W. extremity of Lake Erie. 

RATTLESNAKE MOUNTAIN, mt. Mass. 
in N. part of Stockbridge, about 1,000 feet 
high. 

RATTLESNAKE FORK, a branch of 
Paint Creek, Ohio. 

RAVENNA, t. and cap. Portage co. Ohio, 
on the Cuyahoga, 25 m. N. from Canton, 35 
SE. from Cleveland, 320 from W. Lat. 41° 11' 
N. It contains the county buildings, and a wool- 
ten manufactory, which is situated on the wa- 
ters of the Cuyahoga. Pop. 806. 



RAYMOND, t. Rockingham co. N. H. Pot* 
1,000. 

RAYNHAM, t. Bristol co. Mass. on Taun- 
ton river, 3 m E. from Taunton, 32 S. from 
Boston. Pop. 1,209. Large quantities of ex- 
cellent iron ore are found in this town ; and 
considerable quantities of bar iron, hollow ware, 
nails, shovels, &c. are manufactured here. 
The first forge in America was set up in this 
town by James and Henry Leonard, natives 
of England, in 1652. 

READFIELD, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 12 m. 
W. from Augusta, 165 NNE. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,884. 

READING, t. Windsor co. Vt. 12 m. W 
from Windsor. Pop. 1,409. 

READING, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 11 m. 
WSW. from Salem, 12 N. from Boston. Pop. 
1,806. This town is noted for its extensive 
manufactories of shoes. 

READING, South, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 
11 m. N. from Boston. It was formed from a 
part of Reading in 1812, and contains 1,310 
inhabitants. 

READING, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 15 m. NNW. 
from Fairfield. Pop. 1,709. 

READING, t. Steuben co. N. Y. 23 m. NE. 
from Bath. Pop, 1,568. It lies on W. side of 
Seneca Lake. 

READING, bor. and cap. Berks co. Pa. on 
the Schuylkill, 54 m. NW. from Philadelphia, 
143 from W. Pop. 5,859. It is a very pleas 
ant and flourishing town, and contains a court- 
house, a jail, 2 banks, a large edifice for the 
public offices, and 5 or 6 churches, for Luther- 
ans, Calvinists, Roman Catholics, and Friends 
It contains many eJegant houses, is surround- 
ed by fine scenery, and has, in its vicinity 
many valuable mill-seats. Its inhabitants are 
principally Germans, and their descendants. 
It is remarkable for the manufacture of hats. 
Near the town there is a large and remarka- 
ble spring of pure water. 

READING, t. Butler co. Ohio. 

READING, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, 8 m. N. 
from Cincinnati. Pop. 200. 

READING, t. Perry co. Ohio. 

READINGTON, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. 11 
m. SE. from Lebanon. Pop. 2,102. 

READSBOROUGH, t. Clearfield co. Pa. 

READYVILLE, t. Rutherford co. Ten. 

REAMSTO WN, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 16 m. 
NE. from Lancaster. 

RED BANK, fort, Gloucester co. N. J. on 
the Delaware, 9 m. S. from Philadelphia. 

RED BANK, v. Colleton district, S. C. 

REDBANK, t. Armstrong co. Pa. 

RED BLUFF, v. Claiborne co. Miss. 

REDFIELD, t. Oswego co. N.Y. 35 m. 
NNW. from Rome, 148 NW. from Albany. 
Pop. 341. 

RED HOOK, v. in Rhinebeck, N. Y. on E. 
bank of the Hudson, 47 m. S. from Albany. 

RED HOUSE, v. Caswell co. N. C. 

RED LAKE, lake, N. America. This is 
comparatively a small lake, at the head of a 
branch of the Red river; its form is nearly 
round, and about 60 miles in circumference, 



RED— RHI 



387 



On one side of it is a tolerably large island, 
close by which a- small river enters. It is al- 
most SE. from Lake Winnipeg, and SW. from 
the Lake of the Woods. Lon. 95° 10' W. ; 
lat. 47 3 40' N. 

RED LICK, salt spring in the state of Ken. 
32 m. E. from Stamford. 

RED SHOAL, v. Stokes co. N. C. 

REDSTONE, t. Fayette co. Pa. 

RED RIVER, r. which rises in Kentucky, 
and runs into the Cumberland in Tennessee, a 
little below Clarkesville. 

RED RIVER, r. Kentucky, which runs W. 
into the Kentucky, 9 miles above Boonsbo- 
rough. 

RED RIVER, one of the most considerable 
tributaries of the Mississippi, and the first from 
its mouth of any importance, which it receives 
on the W. about 400 miles above New Orleans. 
It takes its rise in a chain of hills near Santa 
Fe, in New Mexico, called, we know not by 
what authority, the Caous Mountains. In its 
upper courses it receives Blue river, and False 
Washita. It winds through a region of prai- 
ries, on which feed droves of buffaloes, cattle, 
and wild horses. In these regions it receives 
a great many considerable tributaries, the 
names of which have not yet been given. 
Through the greater part of its course, Red 
river winds through immense prairies of a red 
soil covered with grass, and vines that bear de- 
licious grapes. On its banks is the favorite 
range jf the buffalo, and other game, peculiar 
to the vast western ocean of prairies. About 
thirty leagues above Natchitoches, commences 
the Raft, which is nothing more than a broad 
swampy expansion of the alluvion of the river 
to the width of 20 or 30 miles. The river, 
spreading here into a vast number of channels, 
frequently shallow, of course, has been for ages 
clogging with a compact mass of timber, and 
fallen trees, wafted from the upper regions. 
Between these masses the river has a channel, 
sometimes lost in a lake, and found by follow- 
ing the outlet of that lake back to the parent 
channel. There is no stage of the water, in 
which a keel-boat, with an experienced pilot, 
may not make its way through the raft. We 
have seen a considerable steam-boat, which 
was built above the raft, and floated through it 
in an unfinished state. The river is blocked 
up by this immense mass of timber for a length, 
by its meanders, of between 60 and 70 miles. 
There are places where the water can be seen 
in motion under the logs. In other places, the 
whole width of the river may be crossed on 
horseback, and boats only make their way, in 
passing these places, by following the inlet of 
a lake, and coasting it to its outlet, and thus 
finding the channel again. Weeds, flowering 
shrubs, and small willows, have taken root 
upon the surface of this timber, and flourish 
above the waters. But in all these places the 
courses of the river, its outline, and its bends, 
are distinctly marked by a margin of forest 
trees, which grow here on the banks in the 
same manner as they do where the channel is 
open. It is an impediment of incalculable in- 
jury to the navigation of this noble river, and 



the immense extent of fine country above it. 
There is, probably, no part of the United States 
where the unoccupied lands have higher claims, 
from soil, climate, intermixture of prairies and 
timbered lands, position, and every inducement 
to population, than the country between the 
Raft and Kimichie. This country would be 
settled with greater rapidity, were it not for 
the obstruction which this raft opposes to the 
navigation of the river. The state has made 
an effort to have it removed. Accurate sur- 
veys of it have been made, and the general 
government has made an appropriation for this 
purpose. The river above the raft becomes 
broad, deep, and navigable for steam-boats in 
moderate stages of the water, 1,000 miles to- 
wards the mountains. Below the raft, as we 
have remarked, the river divides itself into 
many channels, and fills such a number of 
bayous and lakes, that lie parallel to the river, 
that the bare enumeration of their names would 
carry us beyond our limits. 

REEDSBOROUGH, t. Bennington co. Vt. 
15 m. SE. from Bennington. 

REEDY CREEK, r. N. J. which runs into 
the Atlantic, lon. 74° 16' W. : lat. 39° 55' N. 

REEDY ISLAND, isl. in the river Dela- 
ware, 20 m. from Bombay Hook, and 50 below 
Philadelphia ; 3 m. long, and \ broad. 

REEL FOOT, r. Ten. which runs into the 
Mississippi, about 35 m. S. of the Ohio. 

REESVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Pa. 3 m. 
a little W. of S. and on the opposite side of 
Schuylkill river from Norristown, and 1 6 NW. 
from Philadelphia. 

REHOBOTH, t. Bristol co. Mass. on E. 
side of the Seekhonk, 15 m. WSW. from Taun- 
ton, 37 SW. from Boston. Pop. 2,468. 

REHOBOTH BAY, of the Atlantic Ocean, 
belonging to Sussex co. Del. It has the same 
inlet with Indian river. 

REHRERSBURG, or Rehrerstown, v. in 
the NW. part of Berks co. Pa. 46 m. a little N 
of E. from Harrisburg, 15 NE. from Lebanon- 

REIDSVILLE, v. Pendleton district, S.C, 

REISTERSTOWN, v. Baltimore co. Md 
15 m. NW. from Baltimore. 

REMBERTSTON, t. Sumpter district, S. C 

REMSEN, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 107 m- NW 
from Albany. Pop. 1,400. 

RENSSELAER, co. N. Y. bounded N. by 
Washington co. E. by Vermont and Massachu- 
setts, S. by Columbia co. and W. by the Hud- 
son. Pop. 49,472. Chief town, Troy. 

RENSSELAER, v. in Berlin, N. Y. 12 m. 
E. from Albany. Here is an extensive manu- 
factory of glass. 

RENSSELAERVILLE, t. Albany co. N.Y. 
24 m. SW. from Albany. Pop. 3,689. 

REPUBLICVILLE, v. Clarke co. Al. 

REYNOLDSBURG, v. Humphrey co. Ten. 

RHEA, co. Ten. bounded by M'Minn SE. 
the Cherokee lands and Hamilton co. SW. 
Bledsoe W. and NW. and Rowan NE. Length 
30 m. mean width 20. Pop. in 1820, 4,215; 
in 1830, 8,182. Chief town, Washington. 

RHEATOWN, v. Greene co. Ten. E. from 
Nashville. 

RHINEBECK, t. Dutchess co. N Y. on E 



388 



RHI — RIC 



aide of the Hudson, 18 m. N. from Poughkeep- 
sie, 67 S. from Albany. Pop. 2,938. There are 
4 landings on the Hudson in this town, and 
the trade is considerable. Here is a remark- 
able cavern. 

RHINESTOWN, t. Cumberland co. Pa. 20 
m. W. from Petersburg. 

RHODE ISLAND, one of the U. S. See 
page 59. 

RHODE ISLAND, isl. of the U. S. a part 
of R. I. state, and from which that small mem- 
ber of our confederacy takes its name. It is 
15 m. long, mean width of 2|, and is included 
in Newport co. This island received its name 
from the Dutch, and, contrary to common 
opinion, means Red Isldnd. 

RHODE RIVER, r. S. C. which runs into 
the NW. branch of Cape Fear river. 

RIAPA CREEK, r. Miss, which runs into 
the Mississippi, 52 m. below Natchez. 

RICEBOROUGH, t and cap. Liberty co. 
Geo. on Newport river ; 32 m. SW. from Sa- 
vannah, 692 from Wj It contains about 40 
houses. 

RICEVILLE, v. Rowan co. Tern 

RICHARDSONVILLE, v. Edgefield dis- 
trict, S. C. 74 m. W- from Columbia. 

RICHELIEU, co. L. C. on St. Lawrence 
and Richelieu rivers, and extending SE. from 
the former, to the N. boundary of Vermont. 

RICHFIELD, NE. t. Medina co. Ohio. 
Pop. 653. 

RICHFIELD, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 13 m. 
NW. from Cooperstown, 72 W. from Albany. 
Pop. 1,752. 

RICHFORD, t. Franklin co. Vt. 48 m. N. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 704. 

RICHFORD, v. Tioga co. N. Y. 

RICH HILL, t. in the eastern part of Mus- 
kingum co. Ohio. Pop. 1,263. 

RICHHILL, t. Greene co. Pa. 

RICHLAND, central district of S. C. on the 
peninsula between the Wateree and Congaree 
rivers, with Fairfield and Kershaw districts N. 
Length 40 m. mean width 12. Chief town, 
Columbia. 

RICHLAND, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Hu- 
ron, E. by Wayne, S. by Knox, and W. by 
Marion and Crawford cos. It is 30 m. square. 
Chief town, Mansfield. Pop. in 1820, 9,169 ; 
in 1830, 24,007. 

RICHLAND, v. Onslow co. N. C. 

RICHLAND, t. Oswego co. N. Y. on E. end 
of Lake Ontario, 55 m. N W. from Utica. Pop. 
2,733. 

RICHLAND, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 
3,747. 

RICHLAND, t. Clinton co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,664. 

RICHLAND, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,537. 

RICHLAND, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,824. 

RICHLAND, district, central part of S. C. 
Pop. 11,465, Chief town, Columbia. 

RICHLAND, r. Ten. It passes by Pulaski, 
and is navigable from that town to its junction 
with Elk river, 12 m. Length 70 m. 

RICHLAND, v. Giles co. Ten. 



RICH MAN'S ISLAND, small island on 
the coast of Maine, 3 m. N. from Portland. 

RICHMOND, t. Chittenden co. Vt. 28 m, 
WNW. from Montpelier, 499 from W. Pop, 
1,109 

RICHMOND, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. Pop. 
181. 

RICHMOND, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 12 m. 
S. from Keene, 88 WSW. from Portsmouth. 
Pop. 1,301. 

RICHMOND, t, Berkshire co. Mass. 7 m. 
W. from Lenox, 10 WSW. from Pittsfield, 130 
W. from Boston. Pop. 844, 

RICHMOND, f. Washington co. R. I. 18 
m. W. from Newport. Pop. 1,362. 

RICHMOND, v. and seat of justice, Rich-, 
mond co. N. Y. near the centre of Staten Isl- 
and, 6 m. SW. from the Lazaretto. 

RICHMOND, ii situate on the head of a 
small stream, to which it gives name, about 2 
m. W. of Delaware river, in Northampton co, 
Pa. 

RICHMOND, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. 231 . 

RICHMOND, co. N. Y. occupying all 
Staten Island; Pop. 7,084. Chief town, Rich* 
mond. 

RICHMOND, co. Va. bounded N. by West> 
moreland co. NE. by Westmoreland and North- 
umberland cos. SE; by Lancaster co. and SW. 
by the Rappahannock. Pop. 6,056. 

RICHMOND, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Hem- 
lock and Honeoye Lakes, 15 m. SW. from 
Canandaigua. Pop. 1,876. 

RICHMOND, city, port of entry, and me- 
tropolis of Virginia, in Henrico co. on the N.> 
side Of James river, between 50 and 60 m. by 
the course of the river, above City Point, and 
150 m. from its mouth, immediately below the 
Falls, at the head of tide-water, and opposite 
Manchester, with which it is connected by 2 
bridges; 25 m. N. from Petersburg, 123 m. W. 
of S. from W. Lon. 77° 31' W. ; lat. 37° 30' 
N. The situation is alike picturesque, salu- 
brious, and beautiful. The position is favora- 
ble for commerce, it being the natural depot of 
tobacco, wheat, and hemp, raised in the popu- 
lous country watered by the river. An abun- 
dance of mineral coal is cheaply conveyed to 
it. It contains 13 public buildings, and 8 
churches, together with a number of respecta- 
ble manufactories. The Capitol, the Peniten- 
tiary, and the beautiful church raised on the 
ruins of the theatre, in the conflagration of 
which 70 citizens perished, are beautiful and: 
conspicuous erections. The new Court-House 
is also a spacious and elegant building. The 
Virginia Armory is an extensive establish- 
ment. The river has been rendered boatable 
220 m. above the city. This town owns a re- 
spectable amount of shipping, and is one of the 
most flourishing places in the state. Pop. in 
1820, 12,046 ; in 1830, 16,085. 

RICHMOND, co. N. C. bounded by S. 
Carolina SW. Yadkin river W. Montgomery 
and Moore N. Cumberland E. and Robeson 
SE. Length 45 m. Chief town, Rocking- 
ham. Pop. in 1820, 7,537 ; in 1830, 9,326. 

RICHMOND, co. Geo. Chief town, Au- 
gusta. Pop. 11,644. 



RIC — ROC 



389 



RICHMOND, v. Wayne co. In. 63 m. E. 
from Indianapolis. 

RICHMOND, v. and seat of justice, Madi- 
son co. Ken. 30 m. SSE. from Lexington^ 53 
SE. from Frankfort, and 537 from W. Pop. 
947. 

RICHMOND, C. tt. Richmond co. Va; 62 
m. NE. from Richmond. 

RICHMOND, v. Henry co. AI. 

RICHMOND, t. Ross co. Ohio, on Salt 
creek, 14 m. SE. from Chillicothe. Pop. 221. 

RICHMONDVILLE} v. Schoharie co. N. 
Y. 36 m. westerly from Albany. 

RICHWOODS, v. Morgan co. Va. 98 m. 
NW. from W. 

RIDEAU, river of Canada, a southern 
branch of the Ottawa. 

RIDGE, v. St. Mary's co. Md. 

RIDGE, v. Edgefield district, S. C. 

RIDGEFIELD, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 13 m. N. 
from Norwalk. Pop. 2,322i It has an ele- 
vated situation, and affords a good view of 
Long Island Sound, which is 14 m. distant. 

RIDGEFIELD, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 
842. 

RIDGEVILLE, t. Warren co. Ohio. Pop. 
67. 

RIGA, t. Monroe co. N. Y. on W. side of 
the Genesee, 20 m. NE. from Batavia. Pop. 
1*908. 

RIGOLET, r. La. which is formed by the 
junction of the Sabine and Black Lake rivers, 
and unites with the Red river, about 25 m. 
NW. from Alexandria. 

RIGOLETS, r. or channel, which forms a 
communication between Lakes Ponchartrain 
and Borp-ne. Length 8 or 10 m. 

RILEY, t. Oxford co. Me. 30 m. NW. from 
Paris. Pop. 57. 

RlNDGE, t. Cheshire co. N. H. on W. side 
of New Ipswich, 18 m. SE. from Keene, 55 
NW. from Boston. Pop. 1,269. There are 
in this town 13 ponds, the largest of which 
Contains 200 acres. 

RING ISLAND, small island, near the 
coast of Mass. a little to the E. of Newbury- 
port. 

RINGO'S TOWN, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. 
15 m. NW. from Trenton. 

RIPLEY, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. Pop. 
1,647, 

RIPLEY, t. Brown co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 
at the mouth of White Oak creek, 12 m. below 
Maysville. Pop. 572. 

RIPLEY, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 176. 

RIPLEY, t. Bond co. II. on Shoal creek, 10 
m. from Perrysville, 20 from Edwardsville. 
Here are valuable mills. Near the town there 
is a salt spring, and a coal mine 7 miles dis- 
tant. 

RIPLEY, t Somerset co. Me. Pop. 644. 

RIPLEY, co. In. bounded by Fayette NW. 
Franklin N. Dearborn E. Switzerland SE. 
Jefferson S. and Jennings W. Length 27 m. 
mean width 16. It is an elevated tract, from 
which the streams flow in various directions 
into Ohio and Wabash rivers. Chief town, 
Versailles. Pop. in 1820, 1,822; in 1830, 
3,957. 



RIPTON, t. Addison co. Vt. 34 m. SW. from 
Montpelier. Pop. 278. 

RISING SUN, v. Cecil co. Md. 

RISING SUN, t. Dearborn co. In. finely 
situated on the second bank of the Ohio, with 
a gradual descent to the river. It is half-way 
between Vevay and Lawrenceburg, and con- 
tains about 500 inhabitants. 

RIVANNA, r. Va. which runs SE. into the 
river James, at Columbia. It is navigable for 
bateaux upwards of 20 m. 

RIVERHEAD, t. and cap. Suffolk co. N. Y. 
on Long Island Sound, 90 m. E. from N. York. 
Pop. 2,016. It contains several villages, which 
are distinguished by local names, the county 
buildings, some manufactures, and 4 or 5 
houses of public worship, for Congregational 
ists and Presbyterians. 

RIVERHEAD, v. New London co. Ct. 50 
m. from Hartford. 

RIXEYVILLE, v. Culpeper co. Va. 67 m< 
SW. from W. and 117 NNW. from Richmond. 

ROANE, co. Ten. bounded by Blount E. 
M'Minn SE. Rhea SW. Morgan NW. Ander, 
son N. and Knox NE. Length 30 m. mean 
width 20. The two great branches of Ten- 
nessee river, the Tennessee proper, and Hol- 
ston, unite in this county. Pop. in 1820, 7,895 ; 
in 1830, 11,340. 

ROAN'S CREEK, v. Carter co. Ten. 

ROANOKE, isl. in the Atlantic, near the 
coast of N. Carolina, at the entrance into Albe- 
marle Sound, Adth a town of the same name 
Lon. 76° W. ; lat. 35° 50' N. 

ROANOKE, r. N. C. which is formed by 
the union of the Staunton and the Dan, the 
former of which rises in Virginia, and the lat- 
ter in N. Carolina, and flows into Albemarle 
Sound. Lat. 35° 58' N. It is navigable for 
vessels of considerable burden 30 or 40 m. and 
for boats of 30 or 40 tons to the Falls, 70 m, 
and for boats of 5 tons for the distance of 200 
m. above the Falls. 

ROANOKE, Little, r. Va. which runs into 
the Staunton. 

ROANOKE, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. 150 
m. SW. from Richmond. 

ROANOKE INLET, channel on the coast 
of N. Carolina, which leads into Albemarle 
Sound. 

ROARING RIVER, r. Ten. which runs 
into the Cumberland, below Obeds. 

ROBBINSTON, t. Washington co. Me. 490 
m. NE. from Boston. Pop. 616. 

ROBERTSON, co. Ten. bounded by Ken- 
tucky N. Sumner E. Davidson S. Dickson SW. 
and Montgomery W. Length 40 m. mean 
width 15. Chief town, Springfield. Pop. in 
1820, 9,938; in 1830, 13,302. 

ROBESON, co. N. C. bounded by S. Caro- 
lina SW. Richland co. W. Cumberland N 
Bladen E. Columbus SE. Length 33 m. mean 
width 25. Chief town, Lumberton. Pop. in 
1820, 8,204 ; in 1830, 9,355. 

ROCHELLE, New, t. Westchester co, 
N.Y. on Long Island Sound, 21 m. NNE* 
from New York. Pop. 1,274. Here is an 
academy. 

ROCHESTER, t. Strafford co. N. H. on W* 



390 



ROC— ROC 



side of Salmon Fall river, 22 m. NW. from 
Portsmouth. Pop. 2,155. Near the centre of 
the town, there is a village called Norway 
Plains, containing 1 a meeting-house, a court- 
house, 50 or 60 dwelling-houses, and several 
stores. There is also a cotton manufactory in 
the town. 

ROCHESTER, t. Ulster co. N. Y. Pop. 
2,420, 

ROCHESTER, t. Windsor co. Vt. 44 m. 
NW. from Windsor. Pop. 1,392. 
. ROCHESTER, v. Monroe co. N. Y. at the 
Falls of Genesee, 7 m. from Lake Ontario, is 
the third town in point of population in this 
state, and has had the most sudden growth of 
any town in America. In 1812 it was one 
wide and deep forest. In 1818, it contained 
1,049 inhabitants; in 1820, 1,502; in 1825, 
5,271 ; in 1830, 9,269. Parts of the town are 
very handsomely built. There are 7 respecta- 
ble public buildings, and 12 churches. Thir- 
teen large flour-mills, with 52 run of stones, 
can annually make 342,000 barrels of flour. 
Some of these mills are on a scale of magni- 
tude not equalled elsewhere in the world. One 
of them covers more than 4 acres, and all are 
considered unrivalled in the perfection of their 
machinery. Fifteen million feet of lumber 
are sawed or rafted here annually. There are 
a number of factories and mechanical estab- 
lishments, some on a large scale. The water- 
power is almost inexhaustible. The aqueduct 
over the Genesee at this place is one of the 
most gigantic works on the canal line. At the 
northern extremity of the town, the Genesee 
falls .90 feet. At Carthage, two miles distant, 
it falls 70 feet. Still another noble cascade of 
the Genesee, close by this town, will be long 
remembered as the place where the famous 
Patch made his last leap, Merchandise to and 
from Lake Ontario, forwarded from this town, 
is raised or lowered down this great and steep 
descent of the Genesee, by means of an in- 
clined plane, the descending weight raising a 
lighter one. It has 2 banks, a Museum, an 
Arcade? an Athenceum, and several literary in- 
stitutions, 2 daily and several weekly newspa- 
pers. From the observatory at the summit of 
the Arcade, may be seen, in a clear day, the 
waters of Lake Ontario, like a strip of blue 
cloud on the verge of the horizon. Rochester 
is 236 m. W. from Albany, and 361 N. from 
W. The following statement of the manufac- 
turing and mechanical operations at this vil- 
lage, is from a late Rochester paper* 

Factories, &c. Investment. An. Amount, 

Flouring Mills $281,000 $1,331,000 

Cotton do 50,000 30,000 

Woollen do 70,000 112,000 

Leather, &c 25,000 166,000 

Ironworks 24,000 46,000 

Rifles, &c 3,000 5,000 

Soap and candles, 6,000 45,000 

Groceries, &c 21,000 32,800 

Tobacco 4,500 18,000 

Pail, Sash, &c 2,500 12,000 

Boat building, 1 1,000 40,200 

Linseed Oil 3,000 4,000 

Globe building factories, 10,000 15,000 

$511,000 $1,857,000 



ROCHESTER, t. Plymouth co. Mass: on 
Buzzard's Bay, 20 m. SW. from Plymouth, 48' 
S. from Boston. Pop. 3,556. 

ROCK, northern t. Harrison co. Ohio. Pop. 
708. 

ROCKAWAY, v. Queen's co. Long Island, 
8 m. S. from Jamaica, on the Atlantic coast. 
It is a watering place, and seat of summer 
recreation. 

ROCKAWAY, t. Morris co. N. J. on Roik- 
away river, which runs into the Passaic,, 7 
NNW. from Morristown. It contains a Pres- 
byterian church, 2 forges, and a rolling-mill. 
The Morris canal passes through the village. 

ROCKBRIDGE, co. Va. bounded by ^ the 
Blue Ridge, or Nelson and Amherst cos. SE. 
Bedford S. Botetourt SW. and W. Bath NW. 
and Augusta NE. Length 33 m, mean width 
23. It is drained by the North river, branch 
of James river, which unites at the foot of the 
Blue Ridge, in the southern angle of the co. 
Pop. in 1820, 11,945 ; in 1830, 14,244. Chief 
town, Lexington. 

ROCK CASTLE, co. Ken. bounded by 
Knox SE. Pulaski SW. Lincoln and Garrard 
NW. Madison NE. and Clay E. Length 25 
m. mean width 15. Chief town, Mount Ver- 
non. Pop. in 1820, 2.249 ; in 1830, 2,875. 

ROCK CASTLE, r. Ken. which runs SW. 
into the Cumberland, near the Long Shoals. 

ROCKFORD, v. Surrey co. N. C. 

ROCKFORD, v. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, 7 m. 
E. from New Philadelphia, on the road from 
thence to Steubenville. 

ROCKFISILr. Va. forms part of the bound- 
ary between Albemarle and Nelson cos. Va. 
and falls into James river from the north. 

ROCK HALL, t. Kent co. Md. on the E. 
side of Chesapeake Bay, directly opposite the 
mouth of Patapsco river. 

ROCKINGHAM, t. Windham co. Vt. on 
the Connecticut, 18 m. S. from Windsor. Pop. 
2,272. 

ROCKINGHAM, co. SE. part of N. Hamp- 
shire, bounded NE. by Strafford co. E. by the 
Atlantic, S. by Massachusetts, and W. by Hills- 
borough co. Pop. 44,452. Chief towns, Ports- 
mouth, Exeter, and Concord. » 

ROCKINGHAM, co. central part of Va. 
bounded NE, by Hardy and Shenandoah cos. 
SE. by Orange and Albemarle cos. SW. by 
Augusta co. and WNW. by Pendleton co 
Pop. 20,693. Chief town, Harrisonburg. 

ROCKINGHAM, co. N. side of N.C Pop. 
12,920, It lies W. of Caswell co. and is wa- 
tered by the Dan. There is a mineral spring 
in this county, which is much resorted to. 
Chief town, Wentworth. 

ROCKINGHAM, t. and cap. Richmond co. 
N. C. 6 m. E. from the Yadkin, 55 WSW. from 
Fayetteville, 399 from W. It contains about 
30 houses. 

ROCKLAND, co. N. Y. bounded NW. by 
Orange co. E. by the Hudson, and SW. by N.- 
Jersey. Pop. 9,388. Chief town, Clarks 
town. 

ROCKLAND, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. W. of 
Kingston. Pop. 547. 
ROCK LANDING, v. Halifax co. N C. at 



ROC— ROU 



391 



the head of the Great Falls of the Roanoke, 12 
m. above Halifax. 

ROCKPORT, v. on Lake Erie, at the 
mouth of Rocky river, Cuyahoga co. Ohio. 
Pop. 361. 

ROCKPORT, v.. Spencer eo. In. on Ohio 
river, 40 m. by water above the mouth of 
Green river, and 189 m. SSW. from Indian- 
apolis. 

ROCK RIVER, r. which rises in the NW. 
Territory, runs through NW. part of Illinois, 
and flows into the Mississippi, 16U m. above 
the Illinois. Length about 200 miles. 

ROCK RIVER, r. America, which runs 
into Lake Michigan. 

ROCK SPRING, v. Nelson co. Va. 

ROCKVILLE, v. Parke co. In. 80 m. W. 
from Indianapolis. 

ROCKVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Md. 

ROCKVILLE, v. Frederick co. Va. 

ROCKY BRIDGE, Christian co. Ken. 

ROCKY HILL, v. in Wethersfield, Ct. 4 m. 
;S. from Wethersfield. The business of ship- 
building is carried on here to some extent. 

ROCKY IHLL MILLS, v. Fauquier co. 
Virginia. 

ROCKY ISLAND, large rock in the river 
Detroit, composed of lime-stone. 

ROCKY MOUNT, t. and eap. Franklin co. 
Va. 25 m. N. from Martinsville, 375 from W. 

ROCKY MOUNT, v. Nash,eo. N.C. 

ROCKY MOUNTAINS, or Stony Moun- 
tains, long and broad range of mountains, 
N. America. Lon. 112° W. They -divide the 
waters which flow E. into the Missouri and 
Mississippi, from those which flow W. into the 
Pacific Ocean. 

ROCKY RIVER, r. Ohio, which runs into 
Lake Erie, 9 m. W. of the Cuyahoga. 

ROCKY RIVER, r, N.C. which runs into 
.the Yadkin. 

ROCKY RIVER, v. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. 

ROCKY SPRINGS, v. Rockingham co. 
N. C. 

RODMAN, t. Jefferson -eo. N. Y. 160 m. 
NW. from Albany. Pop. 1,901. 

ROEBUCK ISLAND, small isl. at E. ex- 
tremity of Lake Ontario. 

ROG ERSMILLS, v. Saratoga co. N. Y. 

ROGER'S POINT, cape on W. side of 
Lake Huron. Lon. 82° 45' W.; lat. 44° 19' N. 

ROGERSVILLE, t. and cap. Hawkins co. 
Ten. on the Holston, 65 m. ENE. from Knox- 
ville, 451 from W. It is pleasantly situated in 
Carter's Valley, and contains a court-house, a 
bank, an academy, and a printing-office. Nine 
miles SW..of the /town there are extensive salt- 
works. 

ROGERSVILLE, t. Pendleton district, S. C. 

ROGERSVILLE, v. Person co. N. C. 96 m. 
N"NW. from Raleigh. 

ROME, v. Ashtabula co. Ohio. 

ROME, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 22 m. NNW. 
fom Augusta. Pop. 883. 

ROME, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 108 m. WNW. 
from Albany. Pop. 4,360. It is situated on 
the Erie Canal, 16 m. W. from Utica. It is a 
oleasant and flourishing town, contains a court- 
house, a jail, several churches, and an arsenal, 



some manufactories, and has considerable trade. 
The courts of the county are held alternately 
here and at Whitesborough. 

ROMNEY, t. and cap. Hampshire co. Va. 
on E. side of the S. branch of the Potomac, 45 
m. W. by N. from Winchester, 190 NW. from 
Richmond, 112 from W. It is a handsome 
village, -containing 2 churches, an academy, a 
bank, and about 600 inhabitants. A weekly 
newspaper is also published here. 

ROMULUS, t. Seneca co. N. Y. on W. side 
of Cayuga Lake, 10 m. N. from Ovid, 200 W. 
from Albany. Pop. 2,089. It is a valuable 
agricultural town^ and has some manufac- 
tories, 

RONKONKAMA, small lake in the central 
part of Long Island, between Brookhaven and 
Islip ; 55 m. E. from New York ; about 3 m. 
in circumference, and very deep. It is remark- 
able for being subject to a regular rise and fall, 
each of which continues 7 years. It abounds 
in fish. 

ROOT, v. Montgomery co. N. Y. 46 m. NW 
from Albany. Pop. 2,750. 

ROOTSTOWN, t. Portage co. Ohio. Pop 
684. 

ROSCOxMMON, v. Steuben co. N, Y. 

ROSE, t. Stark eo. Ohio. Pop. 978. 

ROSEAU, or Charlottetown, capital of the 
island of Martinico, on the SW. side of the 
island. 

ROSE ISLAND, isl. stretching from Pen- 
sacola eastward along the coast of Florida, 
about 60 miles. It is generally less than half 
a mile wide, sandy, and barren. 

ROSE MILLS, v. Amherst oo. Va. 

ROSEVILLE, v. Delaware co. N. Y. 

ROSEVILLE, v. Loudon co. Va. 158 m. N. 
from Richmond, and 35 NW. by W. from W. 

ROSEVILLE, v. Parke co. In. 109 m. west- 
erly from Indianapolis. 

ROSS, t. Greene co. Ohio, 51 m, SW. by W. 
from Columbus. Pop. l,-258. 

ROSS, t. Butler co. Ohio. Pop. 1,845. 

ROSS, oo. Ohio, watered 'by the Soioto. Pop. 
24,053. Chief town, Chillkothe. 

ROSSIE, t. St. Lawrence co, N. Y. Pop. 
650. 

ROSSVILLE, v. Orange co. N. Y. 

ROSSVILLE, v. Butler co. Ohio, on the 
Great Miami, opposite Hamilton. Pop. 629. 

ROSSVILLE, t. New Madrid district, Miso. 
_ ROSSVILLE, v. Cherokee Nation, on the S- 
side of Tennessee river, 4 or 5 miles below the 
mouth of Chickamaugah creek, 50 SSW. from 
Washington, Ten. 

ROUGE RIVER, r. Michigan Ter. which 
runs into Detroit river, 5 m. below Detroit. It 
is navigable for vessels drawing 16 feet water 
4 miles, to the dock-yard, thence for boats 
drawing 3 feet water 8 miles. 

ROUGH CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into 
Green river. 

ROULAND8VILLE, v. Cecil co. Md. 

ROUND TOP, a peak of the Catskill Moun- 
tains, N. Y., W. of Catskill. Height 3,804 feet. 

ROUND KEY, small isl. near the coast of 
Mississippi. Lon. 88° 28' W. ; lat. 30° 15' N» 

ROUMD LICK, v. Smith co. Ten. 



392 



ROU— RUT 



ROUSE'S POINT, v. Clinton co. N.Y. on 
the W. cape at the outlet of Lake Champlain, 
186 m. N. from Albany. 

ROWAN, co. N. C, bounded S. by Mont- 
gomery and Cabarras, VV. by Iredell, N. by 
Surrey and Stokes, and E. by Guilford and 
Randolph. Length 40 m. mean width 36. 
Chief town, Lexington. Pop. in 1 820, 26,009 ; 
in 1830, 20,796. 

ROWE, t. Franklin co. Mass. 17 m. NW. 
from Springfield, 103 VVNW. from Boston. 
Pop. 716. 

ROWLETT, v. Potter co. Pa. 181 m. NNW. 
from Harrisburg. 

ROWLEY, t. Essex co. Mass. 4 m. N. from 
Ipswich, 15 m. N. from Salem, 28 NE. from 
Boston. Pop. 2,044. It contains 2 parishes. 
The principal employment is agriculture ; but 
leather and shoes are manufactured to some 
extent. 

ROXBOROUGH, t. and cap. Person co. 
N. C. 271 m. from W. 

ROXBURY, t. Washington co. Vt 45 m. N. 
from Windsor. Pop. 737. 

ROXBURY, t. Cheshire co. N.H. 37 m. SW. 
from Concord. Pop. 332. 

ROXBURY, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 2 m. SW. 
from Boston, of which it is in reality a suburb. 
Pop. 5,249. 

ROXBURY, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 35 m.NW. 
from New Haven. Pop. 1,122. 

ROXBURY, t. Delaware co. N.Y. 56 m. 
SW. from Albany. Pop. 3,214. 

ROXBURY, t. Morris co. N. J. 45 m. N. 
from Trenton. Pop. 2,262. 

ROXBURY, t. Washington co. Ohio. Pop, 
707. 

ROXBURY, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 4 m. NE. 
from Keene. Pop. 322. 

ROXBURY, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 16 m. W. 
of S. from Litchfield. Pop. 1,122. 

ROYAL, v. Sampson co. N. C. 

ROYAL, isl. of Lake Superior. 

ROYAL OAK, v. Oakland co. Mich. 

ROYALTON, t. Windsor co. Vt. on White 
river, 33 m. S. from Montpelier, 29 m. NNW. 
from Windsor. Pop. 1,893. Here is a pleasant 
village, containing an academy. 

ROYALTON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 36 m. 
NNW. from Worcester, 70 WNW. from Bos- 
ton. Pop. 1,494. 

ROYALTON, t. Niagara co. N. Y. Pop. 
3,138. 

ROYALTON, v. Fairfield co. Ohio, 10 m. 
W. from Lancaster. 

RUCKERSVILLE, v. Elbert co. Geo. 80 
m. NE. from Milledgeville. 

RUMFORD, t. Oxford co. Me. 20 m. N. from 
Paris, 215 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,126. 

RUMFORD, r. Mass. which runs SSE. into 
Taunton river, S. of Taunton. 

RUMFORD ACADEMY, v. King William 
co. Va. 

RUMNEY, t Grafton co, N. H. 7 m. NW. 
from Plymouth, 50 N. from Concord. Pop. 
993. 

RUPERT, t. Bennington co. Vt. 32 m. N. 
from Bennington. Pop. 1,318. 

RUPERT, Fort, in N. America, belonging 



to the Hudson's Bay Company, seated on the 
S. end of Hudson's* Bay. Lon. 80° W. ; lat. 
51° 3' N. 

RUSH, co. In. bounded S. by Decatur, W. 
by Shelby, NW. by Madison, N. by Henry, E. 
by Fayette, and SE. by Franklin. Length 24 
m, breadth 18. Chief town, Rushville. Pop. 
9,918. 

RUSH, t. Monroe co. N. Y. Pop. 2,109. 

RUSH CREEK, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. 

RUSH CREEK, r. Ohio, which joins the 
Hockhocking, 7 m. below Lancaster. 

RUSHFORD, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Pop. 
1,115. 

RUSHVILLE, v. in Middlesex t. on the 
road from Bath to Canandaigua, Ontario co. 
N. Y. 

RUSHVILLE, v. on Rush creek, in the 
eastern part of Fairfield co. Ohio, 10 m. NE, 
by E. from Lancaster. Pop. 234. 

RUSHVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Rush 
co. In. on Flat Rock creek, 43 m. SE. by E. 
from Indianapolis, 553 from W. 

RUSSELL, t. Hampden co. Mass. 14 m. W. 
from Springfield, 102 WSW. from Boston, 
Pop. 509. 

RUSSELL, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 25 m, 
SE. from Ogdensburg. Pop. 659. 

RUSSELL, co. SW. part of Va. bounded 
N. by Kentucky, ENE. by Tazewell co. SSE. 
by Washington co. and W. by Lee co. Pop, 
6,717. Chief town, Lebanon. 

RUSSELL VILLE, t. and cap. Logan co- 
Ken. 55 m. NNE. from Nashville, 200 SW 
from Lexington, 711 from W. Pop. 1,358. It 
contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an acade- 
my, several churches, and 2 printing-offices. 

RUSSELLVILLE, v. Brown co. Ohio. 

RUSSELL VILLE, v. and seat of justice, 
Franklin co. Al. on Cedar creek, branch of 
Bear creek, 25 m. S. from Florence, 90 N. from 
Tuscaloosa, and 804 from W. 

RUSSIA IRON WORKS, v. Clinton co, 
N.Y. 

RUSSIA, t. Herkimer co. N.Y. 26 m, N, 
from Herkimer. Pop. 2,448. 

RUTHERFORD, co. of N. C. bounded by 
S. C. S. Buncombe W. Burke N. and Lincoln 
E. Length 40 m. width 25. Pop. 17,557 r 
Chief town, Rutherfordton. 

RUTHERFORD, co. Ten. bounded by Bed- 
ford S. Williamson SW. Davidson NW. Wil- 
son NE. and Warren E. Length 30 m. width 
22. Chief town, Murfreesborough. Pop. in 
1820, 19,552 ; in 1830, 26,133. 

RUTHERFORDTON, t. and cap. Ruther- 
ford co. N. C. 45 m. S. from Morgantown, 220 
W. from Raleigh, and 484 from W. 

RUTLAND, t. and cap. Rutland co. Vt on 
the Otter Creek, 55 m. from its mouth, 45 W. 
by N. from Windsor, 57 N. from Bennington, 
60 SSW. from Montpelier, and 462 from W. 
Pop. 2,753. In the central part of the town 
there is a pleasant village, situated on a com- 
manding eminence. It contains a court-house, 
a meeting-house, and an academy, and has 
some trade. 

RUTLAND, v. and t. Meigs co. Ohio. Pop. 
971. 



RUT — SA1 



393 



RUTLAND, co. W. side of Vt. bounded N. 
by Addison co. E. by Windsor co. S. by Ben- 
nington co. and W. by New York and Lake 
Champlain. Pop. 31,295. Chief town, Rut- 
land. 

RUTLAND, t. Worcester co. Mass. 14 m. 
NW. from Worcester, 52 W. from Boston. 
Fop. l,27fi 

RUTLAND, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Black 
-lver, 170 m. NW. from Albany. Pop. 2,339. 

RUTLEDGE, t. and cap. Granger co. Ten. 
30 m. NE. from Knoxville, 483 from W. 

RYE, t Rockingham co. N. H. 7 m. S. from 
Portsmouth. Pop. 1,172. 

RYE, t. Westchester co. N. Y. on Long 
Island Sound, 28 m. NE. from New York. 
Pop. 1,602. 

RYEGATE, t. Caledonia co. Vt. on the 
Connecticut, 15 m. S. from Danville, 28 E. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 1,119. 

S. 

SABA, isl. of the West Indies, 12 m. in 
•circumference, inhabited by a few Dutch fami- 
lies. Lon. 63° 17' W.; lat. 17° 39' N. 

SABINE, r. which forms the western bound- 
ary of the state of Louisiana, and flows into 
the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 93° 37' W. ; lat. 
29° 23' N. It is navigable about 280 miles. 
Near its mouth it passes through a lake of the 
same name, which is about 25 m. long, and 
12 wide. 

SABINE LAKE, is the estuary of the Sa- 
bine and Natchez rivers; it is about 30 m. 
tong, and 8 or 10 wide, communicating with 
ihe gulf of Mexico by a narrow channel of 4 
or 5 m. in length, and about 400 yards wide. 
This lake is very shallow, generally about 5 or 
6 feet in depth ; and near the shores, it is still 
shallower. 

SABLE, r. N. Y. which rises in Essex co. 
and runs NE. into Lake Champlain, forming 
for 20 m. the boundary between Clinton and 
Essex cos. Length 35 m. Adgate's Falls on 
this river, in Chesterfield, are a beautiful cas- 
cade, and are visited by numerous travellers. 

SABLE, Cape, most S. point of Nova Scotia, 
near which is a fine cod fishery. Lon. 65° 39' 
W. ; lat. 43° 23' N. 

SABLE ISLE, isle nearly adjoining to Sa- 
ble Cape ; the coasts of both are most commo- 
diously situated for fisheries. 

SABLE MOUNTAIN, mt. Essex co. N. Y. 
between Jay, Chesterfield, Lewis, and Wills- 
borough. 

SABOIS, v. Penobscot co. Maine, 142 m. N. 
from Portland. 

SACANDAGA, r. N. Y. runs K into the 
Hudson, in Hadley. Length 80 m. 

SACARAPPA, v. in Westbrook, Cumber- 
land co. Maine. 

SACKET'S HARBOR, v. and port of entry, 
Jefferson co. N. Y. at the mouth of* Black river, 
on Hungry Bay, and E. end of Lake Ontario, 
176 m. NW. from Albany. It is one of the 
best harbors on the lake, and is rapidly in- 
creasing in population and commerce; con- 
siderable shipping is owned here. There are 
2Z 



U. S. barracks here sufficient for 3,000 troops. 

Distance from W. 470 m. 

SACO, t. and port of entry, York co. Me. 
on NE. side of the river Saco, opposite Bidde- 
ford, with which it is connected by 3 bridges, 
15 m. SW. from Portland, 28 NE. from York, 
100 NNE. from Boston, 530 from W. Pop. 
3,219. It is a considerable town, favorably 
situated for trade and manufactures. It con- 
tains a bank and an academy, and has con- 
siderable trade. There is a fall in the Saco r. 
here of 42 feet, which affords a handsome view, 
as well as valuable water-power for mills and 
manufacturing establishments, of which sev- 
eral have been erected. 

SACO, r. rises W. of the White Mountains, 
in N. H. and runs SE. into the sea, below Saco. 
It is 160 m. in length, and has falls of 72 feet 
in Hiram, of 20 feet in Lymirgton, 30 in Bux- 
ton, and 42 in Saco. To the last 6 m. from its 
mouth, it is navigable for ships. 

SACONDAGA, v. in the NE. part of Mont- 
gomery co. N. Y. 45 m. NW. from Albany. 

SACONDAGO, r. of N. Y. rises in Hamil- 
ton, flows SE. into the NE. corner of Mont- 
gomery, reaches the boundary between Mont- 
gomery and Saratoga, turns abruptly NE. and 
crossing Saratoga co. falls into the Hudson at 
Jessup's falls, after a course of about 50 m. 

SACONDAGO, mountains of N. Y. in Ham- 
ilton co. from which flow the Sacondago, Hud- 
son, Black, and Grass rivers. 

SADDLEBACK, mt in Williamstown and 
Adams, Mass. The peaks of this mountain 
are in Adams ; the northern one being about 
2,400 feet above the valley, and the southern, or 
the summit of the saddle, about 3,000 feet above 
the valley, and nearly 4,000 above the sea. It 
is the highest land in Massachusetts. 

SADDLE RIVER, t. Bergen co. N. J. Pop. 
2,174. 

SAGADAHOC, r. Me. which joins the An- 
droscoggin, in Rumford. 

SAGANAUM BAY, bay of Lake Huron, 
situated about the centre of the NW. side. 
Length 20 m. 

SAGANAUM RIVER, r America, which 
runs into the Saganaum Bay. Lon. 83° 35' 
W. ; lat. 44° N. Length 30 m. 

SAGATUK, r. Ct. which runs into Long 
Island Sound, between Fairfield and Norwalk, 
forming a bay at its mouth. 

SAG HARBOR, v. and port of entry, in 
Southampton, Suffolk co. N. Y. on E. end of 
Long Island, and on the Atlantic, 100 m. E. 
from New York, and 340 from W. This vil- 
lage contains about 100 houses, and a printing- 
office. There is some shipping owned here, 
employed chiefly in the whale and cod fisheries. 
It has a good harbor. 

SAGUENAI, large branch of St. Lawrence 
river, rising in the recesses of Labrador, and 
falling into St. Lawrence, about 120 m. below 
Quebec. The Saguenai, according to Bou- 
chette, is a very considerable river, affording a 
good harbor for every kind of shipping, at its 
mouth. 

ST. ALBAN'S, t. and gap, Franklin co. VL 



394 



SAI— SAI 



on Lai*e Champlain, 27 m. N from Burling- 
ton, 70 NW. from Montpelier. Lon. 73° 11' 
W. ; lat. 44° 49' N. Pop. 2,395. Here is a 
pleasant village, which contains a court-house, 
a jail, an academy, and has considerable trade. 

ST. AL BAN'S, t. Licking co.Ohio. Pop. 935. 

ST. ALBAN'S, t. Claiborne co. Mis. 
? ST. ALBAN'S, t. Somerset co. Me. 30 m. 
ENE. from Norridgewock. Pop. 911. 

ST. ANDREW, parish, Charleston district, 
S. C. It is watered by the river Ashley, and 
lies just above Charleston. Pop. 3,727. 

St. ANDREWS, settlement, Missouri, 25 
m, SW. from St. Louis. 

ST. ANDREWS, t. and port of entry, Char- 
lotte co. New Brunswick, on a peninsula form- 
ed by the confluence of the St. Croix r. with 
Passamaquoddy Bay, opposite Robbinston, Me. 
Pop. about 1,500. It is a thriving town, and 
there is a brisk business done in shipping. 

ST. ANDREWS, small bay, Florida, which 
sets up from the Gulf of Mexico and approaches 
within 8 m. of St. Rosa Sound. 

ST. ANN, t. Guadaloupe, on the S. coast. 
Lon. 61° 27' W. ; lat. 16° 21' N. 

ST. ANN, or Annimpig Lake, a lake of Can- 
ada. It empties into James bay through Albany 
river. Lon. 88° 15' W. ; lat. 49° 30' N. 

ST. ANN'S, port on E. coast of the island 
of Cape Breton. Lon. 60° W. ; lat. 47° N. 

ST. ANN'S, t. New Brunswick, on St. John's 
river, 3 m. S. from Fredericktown. Lon. 66° 
46' W., lat. 46° 2' N. 

ST. ANN'S ' BAY, bay of the island of Ja- 
maica. Lon. 77° 3' W. ; lat. 18° 58' N. 

ST. ANN'S BAY, bay of Mexico, in the 
bay of Campeachy. Lon. 94° 46' W. ; lat. 
18 c 10' N. 

ST. ANTONIO, t. Mexico, cap. of Texas. 
Lon. 101°. 

ST. AUGUSTINE, seaport of Florida. The 
harbor is good, but there is a bar at its mouth 
which at the lowest tides will not admit ves- 
sels drawing more than 6 feet of water ; there 
is however a roadstead outside of the bar which 
affords anchorage for larger vessels. The 
town and the entrance to the harbor are well 
defended by a strong fort, built entirely of 
hewn stone, and mounting 60 cannon. In the 
rear of the city are erected six redoubts. Lat. 
29° 45' N. ; lon. 81° 30' W. 

ST. AUGUSTINE'S RIVER, r. Labrador, 
which runs into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
Lon. 59° 59' W. ; lat. 51° 15' N. 

ST. BERNARDO, a settlement of Louisi- 
ana, 15 m. SE. from New Orleans, and W. of 
Lake Borgne. 

ST. BERNARD'S BAY, bay in the Gulf 
of Mexico, on the coast of Texas. Lon. 96° 
50' W. ; lat. 28° 30' N. 

ST. CATHERINE'S FORK, r. Mississippi, 
which runs into the Mississippi river. Lat. 
31° 36' N. 

ST. CATHERINE'S SOUND, bay of the 
Atlantic, on the coast of Georgia, between the 
islands of St. Catherine and Ossabaw. Lat. 
31° 38' N. 

ST. CHARLES, co. Miso. bounded by the 
Mississippi and Cuivre rivers N. and NE. Mis- 



souri river SE. and Montgomery co. W. It 
occupies the peninsula between the Mississippi 
and Missouri, above their junction, being about 
35 m. long, with a mean width of 12 m. Pop. 
in 1820, 3,970 ; in 1830, 4,322. Chief town, 
St. Charles. 

ST. CHARLES, t. and cap. St. Charles co. 
Miso. on the Missouri river, 21 m. from its 
mouth, 18 NW. from St. Louis by land, and 
1 ,001 from W. It is a handsome and flour- 
ishing village. 

ST. CHARLES, parish of La. bounded by 
St. John Baptist W. by Lake Mauripas, Pass 
of Manchac, and Lake Ponchartrain N. parish 
of St. Bernard E. Length 30 m. mean width 
10. Pop. in 1820, 3,862 ; in 1830, 5,107. 

ST. CHARLES, parish, on the Mississippi 
river, about 50 m. above New Orleans. 

ST. CHARLES, r. Canada, which runs into 
the St. Lawrence, a little below Quebec. 

ST. CLAIR, lake, N. America, about 90 m. 
in circumference, between Lake Huron and 
Lake Erie, with both of which it communi- 
cates. Lon. 82° 25' W. ; lat. 42° 52' N. 

ST. CLAIR, r. N. America, which runs S. 
from Lake Huron to Lake St. Clair. It is 40 
m. long, and nearly 1 m. wide. 

ST. CLAIR, co. II. bounded by Mississippi 
river NW. Madison N. Washington E. Ran- 
dolph SE. and Monroe SW. Length 30, width 

24 m. Chief town, Belleville. Pop. in 1820. 
5,253 ; in 1830, 7,092. 

ST. CLAIR, co. Al. bounded by Shelby S 
Jefferson SW. Blount N W. Cherokee lands N. 
and Coosa river E. It is about 35 m. square. 
Surface hilly and broken, drained by the Coosa 
and Cahawba rivers. Chief town, Ashville. 
Pop. in 1820, 4,166; in 1830, 5,975. 

ST. CLAIR, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,814. 

ST. CLAIR, t. Butler co. Ohio. Pop. 1,834. 

ST. CLAIR'S CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs 
into the Great Miami, opposite Hamilton. 

ST. CLAIRSVILLE, t. and cap. Belmont 
co. Ohio, on the Wheeling, 7 m. from the Ohio, 
10 W. from Wheeling, 70 E. from Zanesville, 
275 from W. It is pleasant and flourishing, 
containing a court-house, a jail, a market- 
house, a bank, 2 printing-offices, 4 or 5 houses 
of public worship, for Presbyterians, Friends, 
and Methodists. Pop. 789. 

ST. CLAIRSVILLE, v. Chatauque co. 
N. Y. 

ST. CLAIRSVILLE, v. St. Clair co. Al. on 
Canoe creek of Coosa river, about 65 m. SSF*. 
from Huntsville. 

ST. CROIX, r. N. America, which divides 
Maine from New Brunswick, and flows into 
Passamaquoddy bay. It is navigable for ships 

25 miles. 

ST. CROIX, r. N. America, which runs into 
the Mississippi, 90 m. below St. Anthony's 
Falls. It is navigable for boats about 100 m. 

ST. FERDINAND, t. St. Louis district, 
Miso. 14 m. NW. from St. Louis. 

ST. FRANCIS, r. Louisiana, which runs 
into the Mississippi, 107 m. above the Arkan- 
sas, in lat. 34° 45' N. It is navigable upwards 
of 200 m. 



SAI— SAI 



395 



ST. FRANCIS, r. of L. C. and Vt. rises in 
the latter, in Orleans and Essex cos. Its main 
sources are the confluents of lake Memphre- 
magog and lake St. Francis ; the latter in the 
recesses of Buckingham co. L. C. Below the 
junction of its two great branches, the united 
stream flows NNW. into St. Lawrence river, 
at the head of Lake St. Peter. 

ST. FRANCISVILLE, t. and cap. New 
Feliciana parish, Louisiana, on E. bank of the 
Mississippi, about 30 m. above Baton Rouge, 
and 1,205 from W. 

ST. GENEVIEVE, co Miso. bounded by 
the Mississippi NE. cape Girardeau co. S. 
Washington SW. and Jefferson NW. Length 
60, mean width 18 m. Its extreme western 
parts embrace a portion of the mine tract. 
Chief town, St. Genevieve. Pop. 2,182. 

ST. GENEVIEVE, t. and cap. St. Gene- 
vieve district, Miso. nearly opposite Kaskaskia, 
1 m. W. of the Mississippi, 64 below St. Louis, 
and 874 from W. Pop. 2,000. This town was 
formerly built on the river bank, and is said 
to have contained once 7,000 inhabitants. The 
ground on which it stands is somewhat higher 
than the river bottom, and it begins to extend 
itself back upon ground considerably more 
elevated. 

ST. GEORGE, t. Chittenden co. Vt. 10 m. 
SE. from Burlington. Pop. 135. 

ST. GEORGE, t. Lincoln co. Me. 38 m. 
ESE. from Wiscasset, 200 NE. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,652. 

ST. GEORGE, r. Lincoln co. Me. which 
flows into the sea between the towns of St. 
George and Cushing. It is navigable to Thom- 
astown, which lies on N. side of the town of 
St. George. 

ST. GEORGE, r. Md. which runs into the 
Potomac, NW. of St. George's island. 

ST. GEORGE'S, t. Newcastle co. Del. 

ST. GEORGE'S, parish, Colleton district, 
S. C. 

' ST. GEORGE'S ISLAND, small id. in the 
mouth of the river Potomac. Lat. 18° 13' N. 

ST. GEORGE'S ISLAND, some small isl- 
ands in the Atlantic, near the coast of Maine. 
Lat. 43° 50' N. 

ST. HELENA, isl. on the coast of S. C. in 
a bay called St. Helena's Sound. Lat. 32° 25' 
N. It is 13 m. long, and 3 broad. The soil 
is well adapted to the growth of cotton, which 
is largely cultivated. 

ST. HELENA, t. St. Helena parish, La. 

ST. HELENA, parish, Beaufort district, 
S. C. containing the islands of Port Royal, St. 
Helena, Hunting, Ladies, Paris, &c. Pop. 
8,799. 

ST. HELENA, parish of La. bounded by 
lakes Ponchartrain and Maurepas, and Amite 
river S. East Baton Rouge and New Feliciana 
W. state of Mississippi N. and Washington 
and St. Tamany E. Length 46, mean width 
28 m. Chief town, St. Helena. Pop. 4,027. 

ST. HELENA SOUND, bay on the coast 
of S. C. Lon. 80° 30' W. ; lat. 32° 3' N. 

ST. HELENS, isl. on the coast of Georgia, 
S of the entrance of Ogeechee river. 

ST. ILLA, Great, r. of Georgia, rises in 



Tatnall, Telfair, and Irwin cos. by a number 

of branches which enter Appling. 

ST. INIGOE'S, v. St. Mary's co. Md. 

ST. JAMES, parish, Charleston district, 
S. C. on S. side of the Santee, 40 m. NNE. 
from Charleston. Pop. 3,743. 

ST. JOHN'S, lake of La. in Concordia, 
once a bend of the Mississippi. 

ST. JOHN BAPTISTE; parish, La. on 
both sides of the Mississippi river, above St. 
Charles, and between St. James. Area about 
150 sq. ms. Pop. in 1820, 3,854; in 1830, 
5,700. Chief town, Bonnet Carre. 

ST. JOHN, or Prince Edward's Island, isl. 
in the gulf of St. Lawrence, to the W. of the 
island of Cape Breton, and N. of Nova Scotia, 
about 100 m. long, and 30 in its mean breadth. 
Charlotte's Town is the capital. Lon. 63° W. ; 
lat. 46° 20' N. Pop. 6,000i 

ST. JOHN, t. and fort, Canada, on the W. 
side of the river Chamblee, 20 m. SE. from 
Montreal, Lat. 45° 19' N. The British naval 
force on Lake Champlain had its principal sta- 
tion here during the late war. 

ST. JOHN'S, the capital of Newfoundland, 
is on the SE. coast of the isl. It contains about 
13,000 inhabitants. In Feb. 1816, a dreadful 
fire destroyed 117 houses. In Nov. 1817, two 
still more dreadful conflagrations iaid waste 
nearly the whole of the town. Not less than 
half a million sterling of property was de- 
stroyed in a few hours. Lat. 47° 35' N. 

ST. JOHN'S, r. the principal river of East 
Florida. Its sources have not been exactly 
ascertained, but it is supposed to issue from 
Lake Mayaco, between lat. 26° and 27° N. It 
runs N. parallel with the Atlantic coast, ex- 
panding into several lakes, particularly Lake 
George, which is 20 miles long and 15 wide, 
and embosoms several islands. Within 20 m. 
of its mouth the river turns to the E. and falls 
into the Atlantic, near lat. 30° N. 36 m. S. St. 
Mary's. Its whole length is about 300 m. and 
it is navigable for vessels which can pass the 
; bar at its mouth, for 150 m. to Lake George, 
j The bar has 10 feet of water at low tide, and 
' 13 feet at high water, and there is good an- 
l chorage outside of the bar for large vessels. 

ST. JOHN'S, r. Miso. which flows into the 
S. side of the Missouri, E. of Gasconade river. 

ST. JOHN'S, r. N. America, which rises 
from several sources in the northern part of the 
state of Maine, flows through New Brunswick, 
and empties itself into the Bay of Fundy. It 
is 350 miles long, and navigable for sloops 60 
! miles, and for boats 200. 

ST. JOHNSBUR Y, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 7 iji 
NE. from Danville, 35 NE. from Montpelier 
; Pop. 1,592. Here is a pleasant village, situ- 
j ated on the Pasumsuc, containing valuable 
' mills, together with some manufactories, and 
| trade. 

ST. JOSEF, t. Cuba, 125 m. WSW from 
Havana. 

ST. JOSEF, t. New Mexico, on the Bravo, 
27 m. NW. from Santa Fe. 

ST. JOSEPH, t. Florida, in a bay of the 
Gulf of Mexico, to which it gives name. Lon. 
85° 34' W. ; lat. 29° 48' N. 



396 



SAL-SAl 



ST. JOSEPH'S, small bay, Florida, to the 
W. of Apalachicola Bay, within 4 miles of 
which its waters approach. 

ST. JOSEPH'S, isl. U. C. in the straits of 
St. Mary's, which connect Lake Superior with 
Lake Huron. It is about 75 miles in circum- 
ference, and is separated by a channel from 
Drummond's Island at the mouth of the river. 
On the S. point of the island is the site of a 
British fort destroyed during- the last war, and 
near it an establishment of the NW. Fur 
Company. 

ST. JOSEPH'S, r. In. and Michigan, which 
runs NW. into SE. part of Lake P*lichigan. It 
is upwards of 200 miles long, and navigable 
for boats nearly its whole length. Fort St. 
Joseph is built upon it, 170 m. WSW. from 
Detroit. 

ST. JOSEPH'S RIVER, r. In. which runs 
S. and unites with the St. Mary's, at Fort 
Wayne, to form the Maumee. 

ST. JUAN DE BUENAVISTA, t. Cuba, 
on the N. coast. Lon. 77° 57' W. ; lat. 22° 
2' N. 

ST. LANDRE^ or Opelousas, t. La. 

ST. LAWRENCE, one of the largest rivers 
of N. America, which rises near the sources 
of the Mississippi, and passing through the 
great lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Onta- 
rio, falls into the Gulf of St. Lawrence by a 
mouth 90 miles wide. That part of it only 
between its mouth and Montreal, is commonly 
called St. Lawrence. Between Lake Erie and 
Lake Ontario, it is called Niagara river, and 
the parts between the other lakes have other 
names. It forms a communication of more 
than 2,000 miles in extent. It is navigable for 
ships of the line 400 miles to Quebec, and for 
ships drawing 14 feet water to Montreal, 580 
miles. 

ST. LAWRENCE, Gulf of a gulf at the 
mouth of the river St. Lawrence, inclosed be- 
tween Newfoundland, Labrador, Canada, New 
Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Island of 
Cape Breton. It is 350 miles long, and 150 
broad. Lon, 57° to 65° W. ; lat. 47° 51' N. 

ST. LAWRENCE, northern co. of N. Y. on 
St. Lawrence river ; bounded by St. Lawrence 
NW. Franklin co. E. Hamilton and Herkimer 
cos. S. and Herkimer Lewis, and Jefferson 
SW. Length 60 m. mean width 44. The sur- 
face is rather uneven, and the soil generally 
very good. Chief town, Potsdam. Pop. in 1820, 
16,037 ; in 1830, 36,351. 

ST. LEONARD'S, t. Calvert co. Md. on the 
W. side of the Chesapeake Bay, about 10 m. 
NW. of Drumpoint, 12 NE. of the town of 
Benedict on the Potomac, and 58 from W. 

ST. LOUIS, co. Miso. bounded by Missouri 
river NW. Mississippi E. Marameck river S. 
and Franklin co. W. Length 40 m. mean 
width 15. Pop. in 1820, 10,049 ; in 1830, 14,907. 
Chief town, St. Louis. 

ST. LOUIS, t. St. Louis co. and the largest 
town in Missouri, on W. bank of the Missis- 
sippi, 18 m. by water below the junction of the 
Missouri, 14 above that of the Marameck, and 
856 from W. Lon. 89° 36' W. ; lat. 38° 36' N. 
The situation of the town is elevated, pleasant, 



and healthy. The grotmd on which it standi 
rises gradually from the first to the second 1 
bank. Three streets run parallel with the river, 
and are intersected by a number of others at 
right angles. The town extends along the 
river about 2 miles. Most of the houses that 
have been added within the last ten years, have 
been of brick or stone. Some of the public 
buildings are handsome. There are two re- 
spectable Protestant churches. The Catholic 
cathedral was intended to be a magnificent 
structure ; it is not yet completed. A spacious 
town-house is a great ornament to the city. 
The town has extended itself along the hill, 
and some of the best houses are on that de- 
lightful elevation. The houses, in 1820, were 
reckoned at more than 600. By the census of 
1830, it contained 2,503 free males ; 1,889 free 
females ; 1 ,668 slaves ; 287 free persons of color. 
Total, 6,694. The town was then stationary, 
or perhaps retrograde. . But since that time 
the lead business has been reanimated by a 
protecting duty upon foreign lead. The fur 
trade has received a new impulse. The town 
has recovered from the shock caused by the 
failure of its banks. It has at present a branch 
of the United States bank. A healthy circu- 
lation has been restored, and the town is now 
rapidly increasing in business and population* 
In the year 1818, 100 houses were added to 
the place. Three or four gazettes are printed 
here. The passage to New Orleans is 1,200 
miles by the river, and there are 6 steam-boats 
constant^ plying between these two places. 
There are also the same number constantly 
running between this place and Louisville, be- 
sides others to different places. See page 148. 

ST. LOUIS, r. NW. Territory, which flows 
into W. end of Lake Superior, lon. 91° 52' W.; 
lat. 46° 44' N. 

ST. LOUIS' BAY, bay on S. coast of Miss, 
in the Gulf of Mexico. Lon. 89° 17' W. ; lat. 
30° 17' N. 

ST. MARKS, r. Florida, rising near the- 
mouth of St. John's river, and running thence 
nearly S. and parallel to the sea-coast. The 
course of this little but curious stream is about 
30 miles, falling into the bay or harbor of St. 
Augustine, its banks mostly swampy. 

ST. MARTIN, one of the Leeward Carib- 
bean Islands, in the West Indies, lying to the 
NW. of St. Bartholomew, and to the SW. of 
Anguilla. It is 42 miles in circumference, hai* 
neither harbor nor river, but several salt-pits. 
It was long jointly possessed by the French 
and Dutch ; but at the commencement of the 
late war, the former were expelled by the latter. 
Lon. 63° W. ; lat. 8° 14' N. 

ST. MARTIN'S, parish of La. in Attakapas, 
bounded by Opelousas NW. and W. Gulf of 
Mexico SW. St. Mary's parish in Attakapas 
SE. and the Atchafalaya river NE. and E. 
Length 80 m. breadth 40. Pop. 7,204. Chief 
town, St. Martinsville. This parish is, through- 
out its whole extent, an unbroken plain, and 
the soil is highly fertile in cotton and sugar- 
cane. 

ST. MARTIN'S, v. Worcester co. Md. 
ST. MARTINSVILLE, t. and cap. St Mar- 



SAI— =SAL 



397 



tin's parish, La. on the Teche, 9 m. by land 
and 32 by water above New Iberia, 1,366 from 
W. Lat. 30° 10' N. It is pleasantly situated, 
and contains a court-house, a jail, a market- 
house, an academy, a Roman Catholic church, 
and about 100 dwelling-houses. It is situated 
in a well-cultivated and productive country. 

ST. MARY'S, co. Md. bounded NE. by Cal- 
vert co. E. by Chesapeake Bay, SW. by the 
Potomac, and W. by Charles co. Chief town, 
Leonardstown. 

ST. MARY'S, v formerly Fort St. Mary's, 
Mercer co. Ohio, about 74 m. N VV. by W. from 
Columbus, and 120 N. from Cincinnati. 

ST. MARY'S, t. and s-p. Camden co. Geo. 
at the mouth of St. Mary's river, 131 m. SSW. 
from Savannah. Lon. 81° 43' W.; lat. 30° 
43' N. This was a place of considerable trade 
during the late war, but has since considerably 
declined. 

ST. MARY'S, r. which rises in Ohio, and 
runs NNW. and unites with the river St. Jo- 
seph's at Fort Wayne, to form the Maumee. 

ST. MARY'S, r. which divides the state of 
Georgia from East Florida, and runs into the 
sea, lon. 81° 40' W. ; lat. 30° 43' N. 

ST. MARY'S FALLS, cataract in St. Ma- 
ry's river, between Lake Superior and Lake 
Huron. The Falls of St. Mary do not descend 
perpendicularly, as those of Niagara and St. 
Anthony do, but consist of a rapid, which 'Con- 
tinues near f of a mile, over which, canoes, 
well piloted, may pass. 

ST. MARY'S BAY, bay on the S. coast of 
Newfoundland. Lon. 54° 20' W. ; lat. 57° N. 

ST. MARY'S ISLANDS, cluster of small 
islands, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, near the 
S. coast of Labrador. Lon. 60° W. ; lat. 50° 
20' N. 

ST. MARY'S KEYS, rocks on the S. coast 
of Newfoundland. Lon. 53° 55' W. ; lat. 46° 
47' N. 

ST. MARY'S KEY, isl. in the Gulf of 
Mexico, near the coast of Florida. Lon. 89° 
12' W. ; lat. 30° 11' N. 

ST. MARY'S RIVER, or St. Mary's Straits, 
r. America, runs from Lake Superior to Lake 
Huron. On this river are 2 forts. Lon. 84° 
24' W. ; lat. 46° 22' N. It isjiearly 70 miles 
long. 

ST. MARY'S RIVER, r. Nova Scotia, runs 
into the sea, in lon. 61° W. ; lat. 45° 5' N. 

ST. MAURICE, r. L. C. flows into the N. 
side of the St. Lawrence, by three channels, 
which gave name to the town of Three Rivers, 
on its west bank. 

ST. MAURICE, co. L. C. on the N. side 
of the St Lawrence, between Warwick and 
Hampshire cos. Chief town, Three Rivers. 

ST. MICHAEL'S, v. Madison co. Miso. on 
a branch of St. Francis river, about 35 m. SW. 
from St. Genevieve. 

ST. MICHAEL'S, v. Talbot co. Md. 

ST. MICHAEL'S, v. Washington district, 
Missouri. 

ST. PAUL'S, parish, Charleston district, 
S. C, E. of the Edisto, 18 m. W. from Charles- 
ton. 



ST. PETER'S, parish, Beaufort district, 
S. C. on the Savannah. Pop. 3,834. 

ST. PETER'S, r. N. America, which rises 
a considerable way to the NW. and after a 
SE. course of 4 or 500 m. joins the Missis- 
sippi about 12 m. below St. Anthony's Falls, 
lat. 44° 40' N. At its junction with the Mis- 
sissippi it is about 100 yards broad. It has a 
great depth of water, and in some places runs 
very briskly. About 50 m. from its mouth are 
some rapids, and much higher up are many 
others. 

ST. PHILIP'S, Fort, strong fortress of the 
island of Minorca, which defends the harbor of 
Port Mahon. Lat. 39° 50' N. ; lon. 3° 48' E. 

ST. REGIS, r. N. Y. which runs into the 
St. Lawrence, at the town of St. Regis, in 
Canada. Length SO m. 

ST. SALVADOR, one of the Bahama Isl- 
ands. 

ST. STEPHEN'S, parish, S. C. in Charles- 
ton district. Pop. 2,416. 

ST. TAMANY, parish, La. bounded by 
Pearl river E. Lake Borgne, the Rigolets, and 
Lake Ponchartrain S. the river St. Helena W. 
and the parish of Washington N. Length 50 
m. mean width 20. Chief town, Covington. 
Pop. in 1820, 1,723 ; in 1830, 2,864. 

ST. THOMAS, parish, Charleston district, 
S. C. 

ST. THOMAS, one of the Virgin Islands, 
in the West Indies, with a harbor, a town, and 
a fort, 15 m. in circumference, and belongs to 
the Danes. Lon. 64° 51' W. ; lat. 18° 21' N. 

ST. THOMAS, t. Cuba, 30 m. WSW. from 
Havana. 

ST. THOMAS, isl. in the Pacific Ocean, 
near the coast of Mexico. Lat. 20° 10' N. 

ST. THOMAS, t. Mexico, in Vera Paz, at 
the mouth of the river Guanacos, 50 m. E. 
from Vera Paz. Lon. 90° 26' W.; lat. 15° 
46' N. 

ST. VINCENT, isl. in the West Indies, 
about 40 m. long and 10 broad, containing 
about 84,000 acres, or 131 sq. ms. It is rug- 
ged and mountainous. Of the 84,000 acres in 
the island, about 47,000 are cultivated. Sugar 
is the principal production. 

SAINTES, three of the Leeward Caribbee 
Islands, in the West Indies, between Guada- 
loupe and Dominica. 

SALEM, co. S. C, W. of Williamsburg. 

SALEM, t. Salem co. S. C. 

SALEM, t. Columbiana co. Ohio, 9 m, 
NNW. from New Lisbon, 64 NW. from Pitts- 
burg. Pop. 1,723. 

SALEM, t. Livingston co. Ken. Pop 254. 

SALEM, t. Orleans co. Vt. at S. end of Lake 
Memphremagog, 60 m. NNE. from Montpe- 
lier. Pop. 258. 

SALEM, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 35 m. 
N. from Boston, 35 SW. from Portsmouth, 36 
SSE. from Concord. Pop. 1,310. Here is a 
woollen manufactory. 

SALEM, s-p. and cap. Essex co. Mass. 4J 
m. NW. from Marblehead, 14 NNE. from Bos- 
ton, 24 S. from Newburyport. Pop. 13,886. 
It is chiefly built on a neck of land formed by 



398 



SAL — SAL 



two inlets from the sea, called North and South 
rivers ; over the former of which is a bridge, 
upwards of 1,500 feet long, connecting Salem 
with Beverly, and the latter forms the harbor. 
The harbor has good anchorage, but the water 
is so shallow, that vessels drawing more than 
12 or 14 feet must be lightened at a distance 
from the wharves. The situation of Salem is 
low, but pleasant and healthy. It is well built, 
and with regard to population, wealth, and 
commerce, is among the first in N. England. 
It contains a court-house, a jail, an alms-house, 
a market-house, 6 banks, an Athenaeum con- 
taining 5,000 volumes, a valuable Museum, 
belonging to the East India Marine Society, 
and 11 churches. It has a flourishing com- 
merce, and it was one of the first towns in the 
U. States to enter into the East India trade. 
Though the town is not very regularly laid 
out, and has narrow streets, the neat and com- 
fortable style of the buildings gives it a very 
cheerful aspect. It is beautified with many 
splendid private mansions, and the centre of* 
the town is adorned with a handsome, inclosed 
common, elegantly planted with shade-trees. 
Salem is the oldest town in the state, except 
Plymouth. The shipping belonging to this 
port in 1828, was 48,210 tons. Lat. 42 3 34' 
N. ; Ion. 70° 54' W. 

SALEM, New, t. Franklin co. Mass. 18 m. 
ESE. from Greenfield, 80 W. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,889. Here is a respectable academy. 

SALEM, t. Washington co. N.Y. 18 m. 
SE. from Sandy Hill, 29 S.from Whitehall, 46 
NE. from Albany. Pop. 2,972. The courts 
for the county are held alternately here and at 
Sandy Hill. Here is a handsome village, situ- 
ated on an extensive plain, containing a court- 
house, a jail, an academy, several churches, 
and two or three printing-offices. 

SALEM, North, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 53 
m. NNE. from New York. Pop. 1,276. Here 
is an academy. 

SALEM, South, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 50 
m. NNE. from New York. Pop. 1,557. 

SALEM, co. N. j. bounded N. by Glouces- 
ter co. E. by Cumberland co. SW. and W. by 
the Delaware. Pop. 14,155. Chief town, 
Salem. 

SALEM, t. and cap. Salem co. N. J. on Sa- 
lem creek, 3i m. from Delaware Bay, 37 SSW. 
from Philadelphia. It contains a court-house, 
a jail, a market-house, an academy, a printing- 
office, which issues a weekly paper, and 4 
houses of public worship, for Episcopalians, 
Baptists, Friends, and Methodists. Pop. 1,570. 
It is a pleasant town, and a place of some trade. 

SALEM, v. Botetourt co. Va. 20 m. SSW. 
from Fincastle, 190 W. by S. from Richmond. 

SALEM, t Fauquier co. Va. 

SALEM, t. Stokes co. N. C. watered by a 
small branch of the Yadkin, 34 m. NE. from 
Salisbury, 100 W. from Raleigh, 355 from W. 
It is a handsome Moravian town, built of 
brick, and chiefly on one street, about a mile 
and a half long, paved and planted with rows 
of trees on each side. It contains a church, 
and has manufactures of potters' ware, sad- 
dlery, gloves, hosiery, &c. The Moravian 



Academy for females, at this place, is an ex- 
cellent and popular institution. Its buildings 
are 4 in number, each 4 stories high, and of 
brick. It is located on a handsome square in 
the centre of the town, planted with trees, and 
ornamented with fine gravel-walks. It is at- 
tended by young ladies from various parts of 
the U. States. 

SALEM, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 1,237. 
SALEM, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, on the 
Muskingum. Pop. 257. 

SALEM, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. 1,960. 
SALEM, t. Washington co. Ohio. Pop. 573. 
SALEM, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, in the NE 
corner of the state. Here are iron-works 
Pop. 1,660. 

SALEM, t. New London co. Ct. Pop. 974. 
SALEM, t. and cap. Washington co. In. 24 
m. NW. from Jeffersonville, 34 N. from Cory- 
don, 613 from W. 

SALEM, v. New Haven co. Ct. in Water- 
bury, 16 m. NNW. from New Haven. It 
stands on the E. bank of Naugatuck, or Wa- 
terbury river, on the main turnpike road from 
New Haven to Litchfield. A fine wooden 
bridge here crosses the Naugatuck. 

SALEM, v. Sumpter district, S. C. 12 m. E. 
from Sumpter. 

SALEM, v. Baldwin co. Geo. on the left 
bank of Oconee river, nearly opposite Mil- 
ledgeville. 

SALEM, v. Clarke co. Geo. 53 m. N. from 
Milledgeville. 

SALEM CENTRE, v. in the eastern part 
of Westchester co. N.Y. 50 m. NNE. from 
the city of New York. 

SALEM CREEK, Salem co. N. J. rises in, 
the centre of the county, and flowing nearly 
W. passes Salem, and falls into Delaware Bay, 
3^ m. below. It is navigable for vessels of 
50 tons to Salem. 

SALINA, t. Onondago co. N. Y. 5£ m. N. 
from Onondaga, 36 SSE. from Oswego, 130 
W. from Albany. Pop. 6,929. Onondaga 
Lake, and the principal salt-springs and salt- 
works of the state, a*re in this town. Salt is 
made here by solar evaporation, as well as by 
boiling. The vats erected for this purpose 
cover 5 or 600 acres of ground. The salt 
made by this process is coarse, and equal in 
purity to any in the world. Quantity of salt 
inspected in 1831, 1,514,037 bushels. The 
neat revenue derived from salt-duties by the 
state, from 1817 to 1831 inclusive, is about 
$1,400,000. This township contains a village 
of the same name, and three others, viz. Liver- 
pool, Syracuse, and Geddes. 
SALINA, t. Randolph eo. II. 
SALINE, southern t. of Columbiana co. 
Ohio, so called on account of salt-springs 
found within its limits, along the banks of 
Yellow creek. Pop. 666. 
SALINE, v. Randolph co. II. 
SALINE, r. Arkansas, rises about 20 m. 
NE. from the warm-springs of Ouachitta, and 
flowing nearly S. falls into Ouachitta at N. lat. 
33° 40'. 

SALINE, r. Arkansas, a branch of the Lit- 
tle river of the North. 



i 



SAL — SAM 



399 



SALINE, r. II. flows into the Ohio, 26 m. 
below the Wabash. It is navigable for boats 
30 ra. The U. States have extensive salt- 
works on this river, 20 m. from its mouth. 

SALINE, r. NW. part of the state of Lou- 
isiana, which flows S. and unites with Black 
Lake river, 8 m. NE. from Natchitoches. 
There are salt-works on this river, about 25 
m. NNE. from Natchitoches. 

SALINE, r. Missouri, which runs into the 
Ouachitta, lat. 33 3 10'' N. 

SALINE, or Salt, r. La. which runs into 
the Missouri, 173 m. W of the Mississippi. 

SALINE, r. La. runs into the Kansas. 

SALINE, v. at the U. States' Salt-Works, 
near Saline river, Gallatin co. II. about 12 m. 
above its mouth, and 115 m. SSW. from Van- 
dalia. 

SALINES, v. Miso. on W. bank of the Mis- 
sissippi, 4 m. below St. Genevieve. It is noted 
for salt-works. 

SALISBURY, t. Addison co. Vt. 44 m. SW. 
Montpelier. Pop. 907. Here is a manufac- 
tory of glass. 

SALISBURY, t. Merrimack co. N. H. on 
W. side of the Merrimack river, 14 m. NNW. 
from Concord, 38 SE. from Dartmouth Col- 
lege, 59 WNW. from Portsmouth, 77 NNW. 
from Boston. Pop. 1,379. The 4th N. Hamp- 
shire turnpike passes through this town ; and 
upon this road, in the south part of the town, 
there is a pleasant village, containing a Con- 
gregational meeting-house, and an academy. 

SALISBURY, t. Essex co. Mass. on the N. 
bank of the Merrimack, 4 m. NW. from New- 
buryport, 36 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 2,519. 
It contains 2 parishes, and has a pleasant and 
considerable village, on the N. bank of the 
Merrimack, below the junction of Powow 
river. Considerable business is done at this 
village at ship-building, and it has some trade 
in the fisheries. 

SALISBURY, t. Litchfield co. Ct. in NW. 
corner of the state, 24 m. NW. from Litch- 
field. Pop. 2,580. It is a considerable town, 
and contains large quantities of excellent iron 
ore, and has several forges, iron-works, and a 
paper-mill. 

SALISBURY, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. on the 
St. Lawrence. Pop. 1,999. 

SALISBURY, v. Blooming Grove, Orange 
co. N.Y. 

SALISBURY, t. and port of entry, Somer- 
set co. Md. between the two principal branch- 
es of the Wicomico, 15 m. ESE. from Vienna. 
It contains an Episcopal church, a Methodist 
meeting-house, and about 100 houses, and has 
considerable trade in lumber. 

SALISBURY, t. and cap. Rowan co. N. C. 
5 m. SW. of the Yadkin, 34 SW. from Salem, 
119 WNW. from Fayetteville. Pop. about 
800. It contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, 
an academy, and a church. It is a flourishing 
town, and situated in a very fertile country. 
Near this town there has been discovered un- 
der ground, a remarkable wall of stone, laid in 
cement, plastered on both sides, from 12 to 14 
feet in height, and 22 inches thick. The 
length of what has been discovered is about 



300 feet. The top of the wall approaches 
within one foot of the surface of the ground. 
When built, by whom, and for what purpose, 
is unknown. A similar wall has since been 
discovered, about 6 m. from the first, from 4 
to 5 feet high, and 7 inches thick. 

SALISBURY, t. Meigs co. Ohio. Pop. 603. 
Through this town runs Leading creek. 

SALISBURY, t. Wayne co. In. 4 or 5 m. 
E. from Centreville, 35 N. from Brookville. 

SALMON, r. Ct. which runs into the river 
Connecticut, in East Haddam. 

SALMON, r. N.Y. flows into Lake Ontario, 
4 m. N. from Mexico Point. Length 60 or 70 
m. There is on this river, about 10 m. from 
the lake, a tremendous cataract, which has a 
descent of 110 feet perpendicular. 

SALMON CREEK, r. Cayuga co.N.Y. runs 
into S. end of Lake Cayuga ; 19 m. long. 

SALMON CREEK, r. Franklin co. N. Y. 
which runs into the St. Lawrence, 7 m. N. 
from French Mills. 

SALMON CREEK, stream of St. Lawrence 
co. flows NNW. about 70 m. enters L.C. at 
French Mills, and falls into St. Lawrence river 
at the head of Lake St. Francis. 

SALMON FALL, local name of that part 
of Piscataqua river, below Berwick falls. 

SALT CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs SE. 
into the Scioto, about 15 m. below Chillicothe. 
Near this river are salt-springs, from which 
salt is manufactured in large quantities. The 
salt-works are about 80 m. NW. fromGallipolis. 

SALT CREEK, t. Muskingum co. Ohio 
Pop. 1,190. 

SALT CREEK, t. Pickaway co. Ohio. Pop 
1,656. 

SALTILLO, city of Mexico, in the state ot 
Coahuilla y Texas, on the confines of Coahu 
ilia and New Leon. Pop. 6,500. It is sur 
rounded by arid plains, upon which fresh watei 
is scarce ; the site is an elevated part of the 
great table-land of Anahuac, sloping towards 
the Gulf of Mexico, and the Rio Grande del 
Norte. Lat. 25° 20' N. 

SALTPETRE CREEK, r. Maryland, which 
runs into Gunpowder river, 12 m. ENE. from 
Baltimore. 

SALT RIVER, r. La. runs into the Missis- 
sippi, 60 m. above the Illinois r. 

SALT RIVER, r. of Miso. entering the 
Mississippi from the NW. about 100 m. above 
St. Louis. 

SALT RIVER, r. Ken. which runs NW. 
into the Ohio, 20 m. below the Rapids. It is 
navigable for boats 60 m. 

SALT SPRING RIVER, r. Indiana, which 
runs into the Ohio. 

SALUDA, r. S.C. which runs SE. and unite? 
with Broad river just above Columbia, to form 
the Congaree. 

SALUTER, r. of La. in Natchitoches and 
Ouachitta. The source of this stream is on 
the line between La. and Arkansas, and it 
flows into Ouachitta, 3 m. below the mouth of 
Barthelony river. 

SAMPSON, co. N. C. bounded by New Han- 
over SE. Bladen SW. Cumberland W. Johnson 
N. Wayne NE. and Dauphin E. Length 35 



400 



SAM— SAN 



m, mean width 20, Pop. in 1820, 8,903 ; in 
1830, 11,768. It is drained by Black river 
branch of Cape Fear river. Clinton, the chief 
town, is about 55 m. NNW. from Wilmington. 

SAMPTOWN, v, Middlesex co. N. J. 14 m. 
WSW. from Elizabethtown. 

SAN ANTONIO, city of Mexico, in the 
state of Oaxaca, 130 m. SE. from the city of 
Mexico, and about 80 N. from that of Oaxaca. 

SAN BL AS, city and seaport of Mexico, in 
the former Guadalaxara, now Jalisco, at the 
mouth of the river Santiago. 

SANBORNTOWN, t. Strafford co. N.H. 25 
m. NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 2,866. 

SANDERSVILLE, t. and cap. Washington 
co. Geo. 26 m. E. from Milledgeville. It con- 
tains a court-house and a jail. 

SANDFORD, t. and v. York co. Me. 22 m. 
N. from York. Pop. 2,327. 

SAN DC ATE, t. Bennington co. Vt. 25 m. 
N. from Bennington. Pop. 933. 

SANDISFIELD, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 20 
m. SE. from Lenox, 112 WSW. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,655. 

SANDISTON, t. Sussex co. N.J. on the 
Delaware river, 11 m. NW. from Newton. 
Pop. 1,097. 

SAN DOWN, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 29 
m. WSW. from Portsmouth, and 30 SE. from 
Concord. Pop. 553. 

SANDTOWN, v. Gloucester co. N. J. 13 m. 
SSE. from Philadelphia. 

SANDUSKY, r. Ohio, runs NE. into San- 
dusky Bay, at the town of Sandusky. Length 
70 m. This river is navigable, and is con- 
nected with the Great Miami by a portage of 
9 m. and with the Scioto by one of 4 m. The 
river has rapids, below which there is a very 
valuable fishery. 

SANDUSKY, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Lake 
Erie, E. by Huron co. S. by Seneca, and W. 
by Wood co. It is 30 m. long, and 25 broad. 
Pop. in 1820, 852 ; in 1830, 2,851. It contains 
Lower Sandusky. 

SANDUSKY, one of the western towns of 
Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 588. 

SANDUSKY, t. Huron co. Ohio, on the S. 
shore of Sandusky Bay, 3 m. from its entrance, 
25 NE. from Fort Stephenson, about 100 m. N. 
from Columbus, 250 W. from Buffalo. Pop. 
593. It is handsomely laid out on a beautiful 
site, and a steam-boat wharf has been erected. 

SANDUSKY, Lower, t. and cap. of Sandus- 
ky co. Ohio, on the river Sandusky, a few miles 
from its mouth, 115 N. from Columbus. 

SANDUSKY, Upper, t. Delaware co. Ohio, 
on Sandusky r. 40 m. S. from Lower Sandusky. 

SANDUSKY BAY, bay, Ohio, on S W. part 
of Lake Erie, 20 m. long, and 24 broad. 

SANDWICH, t. and cap. of Essex co. U.C. 
on Detroit river, 2 m. below Detroit. It is a 
considerable village, built chiefly on a single 
long street. 

SANDWICH, t. Strafford co. N. H., N. of 
Squam Lake, 50 m. N. from Concord, and 72 
NNW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 2,743. In the 
N. part of this town, there is a mountain near 
3,000 feet high. 

SANDWICH, t. Barnstable co. Mass. on 



Barnstable Bay, 12 m. NNW. from Barnstable 
54 SSE. from Boston. Pop. 3,367. Here is 
an academy. Sandwick river runs through 
the town into Barnstable Bay. 

SANDY, a N. t. of Tuscarawas co. Ohio. 
Pop. 765. 

SANDY, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 909. 

SANDY BAY, or Cove, bay, on the coast 
of Mass. N. of Cape Ann. Lon. 70° 38' W. ; 
lat. 42° 41' N. 

SANDY CREEK, r. S.C. runs into the Con- 
garee. Lon. 81° 40' W. ; lat. 34° 37' N. 

SANDY FORK, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. 
273 m. from W. 

SANDY HILL, v. in Kingsbury, N. Y. on 
E. side of the Hudson, 50 m.N. from Albany. It 
is delightfully situated, just above Baker's Falls, 
and is a regularly laid out, well built, and very 
flourishing village. It contains a woollen and 
a cotton factory, several iron works, and also a 
manufactory of cotton bagging from hemp. 
This village, with the township, contains 2,606 
inhabitants. 

SANDY HOOK, small isl. on the coast of 
N. J. in the township of Middleton, 7 m. S. 
from Long Island, 25 S. from New York. It 
was formerly a peninsula. Sandy Hook, or 
Point, forms a capacious harbor. Here is a 
light-house, on the N. point of the Hook, in 
lon. 72° 2' W. ; lat. 40° 26' N. 

SANDY HOOK, v. Culpeper co. Va. 

SANDY INLET, channel, between two 
small islands near the coast of N. C. Lon. 77° 
50' W. ; lat. 34° 19' N. 

SANDY LAKE, lake of the NW. territory 
of the U. S. forming one of the links in the 
chain of intercommunication between Lake 
Superior and Mississippi river. 

SANDY LAKE RIVER, r. of the NW. 
territory of the U. S. flows from Sandy Lake, 
and enters Mississippi river at lat. 47° N. At 
its outlet from Sandy Lake, the U. S. SW. 
Company have an establishment. 

SANDY LICK, r. Pa. runs into the Alle- 
ghany, about 15 m. below Toby's Creek. 

SANDY MOUNT, v. Greenville t. Va. 77 
m. S. from Richmond. 

SANDY POINT, cape, on N. point of Nan- 
tucket island. Lon. 69° W. ; lat. 41° 22' N. 

SANDY RIVER, Big, rises in the Laurel 
Mountains, and forms a part of the boundary 
between Virginia and Kentucky, and runs 
NNW. into the Ohio, 40 m. above the Scioto. 

SANDY RIVER, Little, Ken. runs into the 
Ohio, 20 m. below Big Sandy. 

SANDY RIVER, r. Me. runs into the Ken 
nebeck, 6 m. above Norridgewock. 

SANDY SPRING, v. Montgomery co Md. 

SANDY SPRING, v. Adams co. Ohio, 110 
m. SSW. from Columbus. 

SANDYTOWN, p. Sussex co. N.J. 85 m. 
N. from Trenton. 

SANDYVILLE, v. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, 
136 m. NE. from Columbus. 

SANGAMOIN, r. II. unites with the Illi- 
nois. It is navigable for boats 150 m. 

SANGAMOIN, co.Il. on Sangamoin r .bound- 
ed S. by Montgomery and Morgan, and W. by 
Fulton. Chief town, Springfield. Pop. 12,960 v 



SAN-^SAV 



401 



SANGERFIELD, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 15 
tn. So by W. from Utica. It is a considerable 
town, and contains a printing-office, from which 
is issued a weekly newspaper. 

SANGER VILLE, t. Penobscot co. Me. 38 
m. NW. from Bangor. Pop. 776. 

SANTA CRUZ, one of the Caribbee islands. 
Lon. 64° 35' W. ; lat. 17° 45' N. 

SANTA FE, capital of New Mexico, in N. 
America, seated among mountains, near the 
Rio del Norte, 950 m. N. of Mexico. Lon. 
106 3 35' W. ; lat. 35° 32' N. 

SANTEE, r. S. C. formed by the union of 
the Congaree and Wateree. It runs into the 
sea by two mouths, N. and S. from Santee, 20 
m. below Georgetown. Lat. 33° 12' N. This 
river affords a navigation at some seasons 
nearly 300 miles, as high up as Morgantown, 
N. C. It is connected with Cooper river by a 
canal. The main branch in North Carolina is 
called Catawba. 

SANTIAGO, r. of Mexico, rising about 23 
m. NW. from the city of Mexico, on the table- 
land of Anahuac, flows through the intenden- 
cies of Mexico, Guanaxuato, Guadalaxara, and 
Valladolid, and after an entire course of about 370 
m. falls into the Pacific Ocean, at the city of 
San Bias. Santiago is by far the largest stream 
of Mexico : it is navigable for some distance 
from its mouth, but the adjacent country is 
thickly wooded, uncultivated, and unhealthy. 

SARA, creek, La. in New Feliciana, rises 
in the state of Mississippi, near Woodville, and 
flowing S. crosses lat. 31° N. and falls into the 
Mississippi at St. Francisville, after an entire 
course of 25 m. 

SARANAC, r. N. Y. after a NE. course of 
65 miles, flows into Lake Champlain, at Platts- 
burg. 

SARATOGA, co, N. Y. bounded N. by War- 
ren co. E. by the Hudson, which separates it 
from Washington and Rensselaer cos. S. by 
Albany co. SW. by Schenectady co. and W. 
by Hamilton and Montgomery cos. Pop. 
36,616. Chief town, Ballston. 

SARATOGA, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on W. 
side of the Hudson, 12 m. NE. from Ballston, 
31 N. from Albany, 360 from W. Pop. 2,204. 
This town gives name to several celebrated 
mineral springs, which are spread over a tract 
of country about 12 m. in extent, in Saratoga 
county, and are known by different local names. 
The most noted are those of Saratoga and 
Ballston, which are the most celebrated mine- 
ral waters in the United States. They are 
strongly impregnated with carbonic acid, and 
contain also carbonate of soda, muriate of soda, 
super-carbonated lime, and a carbonate of iron. 
These springs have long been a favorite resort 
during the summer months, not only for in- 
valids, but for people of gaiety and fashion, 
who flock thither by thousands from every 
quarter of the Union. Here is a flourishing 
village, with a post-office, church, and a great 
number of excellent boarding-houses. Sara- 
toga is memorable as the place where general 
Burgoyne surrendered the British army to 
general Gates, Oct. 17th, 1777. 

SASKACHAWAINE, great river of North 
3 A 



America, is formed by two large branches, 
both rising in the Chippewan mountains, and 
flowing generally to the E. After a course of 
600 m. they unite and flow 200 m. into the 
NW. bay of lake Winnipeg. The Severn, 
flowing from the eastern side of lake Winni- 
peg, is the continuation of the Saskatchawaine 
and Assiniboine rivers. 

SASSAFRAS, r, of Md. rises on the con- 
fines of Del. and flowing W, between Kent 
and Cecil cos, falls into Chesapeake bay 11 m. 
S. from the mouth of the Susquehannah. 

SASSAFRAS, v. Kent co. Md. near the 
head of the Sassafras, 17 m. S. from Elkton. 

SATAUKET, v. in the township of Brook- 
haven, on N. side of Long Island, 65 m. E. 
from New York. It contains an elegant Pres- 
byterian, and an Episcopal church. It is pleas- 
ant and healthy, and is the principal harbor 
for wood-vessels on N. side of the island. 

SATILLA, Great, r. Georgia, runs ESE. 
into the sea, N. of Cumberland island. 

SATILLA, Little, r. Georgia, runs into the 
sea, N. of the Great Satilla. 

SAUGATUCK, v. Fairfield co. Ct on the 
Saugatuck, 3 m. NE. from Norwalk. 

SAUGERTIES, t. Ulster co. N. Y. on the 
W. bank of the Hudson, 13 m. N. from Kings- 
ton, 52 S. from Albany. 

SAUGUS, t. Essex co. Mass. 2 J m. W. from 
Lynn, 8 SW. from Salem. Pop. 3,750. 

SAUQUOIT, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 

SAVAGE MOUNTAINS, mts. in Pennsyl. 
vania, 110 m. NW. from Philadelphia. 

SAVAGE RIVER, r. Maryland, runs into 
the Potomac. 

SAVANNAH, r. U. S. which is formed by 
the union of the Tugeloo and Keowee. It 
separates S. Carolina from Georgia, and runs 
SE. into the Atlantic. It is navigable for large 
vessels to the town of Savannah 17 m. and for 
boats of 100 feet keel to Augusta, which, by 
the course of the river, is 340 m. above Savan- 
nah. Just above Augusta there are falls; be- 
yond these the river is navigable for boats to 
the junction of the Tugeloo and Keowee. 

SAVANNAH, city and port of entry, Chat- 
ham co. Geo. on SW. bank of the Savannah r. 
17 m. from its mouth, 118 SW. from Charles- 
ton, 123 SE. from Augusta, 160 ESE. from 
Milledgeville. Lon. 81° 10' W. ; lat. 32° 8' N 
Pop. 7,303. Its position is a low sandy plain. 
It was formerly built of wood, and insalubri- 
ous from its marshy surface and contiguity to 
rice swamps. It has suffered severely from 
fires, but the parts destroyed have been hand- 
somely rebuilt. The rice swamps in the im- 
mediate vicinity are no longer inundated, and 
the health of the city is since much improved. 
It contains 12 public buildings, among which is 
the United States brancli bank, and 8 churches. 
The Presbyterian church is an elegant and 
spacious edifice of stone. The Exchange is 
a large building, 5 stories high. The Academy 
is partly of brick and partly of stone, 180 feet 
front, 60 feet wide, and 3 stories high. There 
are 10 public squares planted with trees, among 
which the beautiful China trees are conspicu- 
ous. It is a place of very great crad<e, and has 



402 



SAY — SCH 




SAVANNAH, AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



exported over 120,000 bales of cotton, besides 
large amounts of rice and tobacco, in a year- 
It is defended by 2 forts, and the entrance to 



the river indicated by a light-house on Tybee 
Island. In 1820, 463 buildings were destroyed 
by fire, valued at $4,000,000. 




BRANCH BANK OF THE UNITED STATES, AT SAVANNAH. 



SAVANNAH, name of two small rivers of 
the NW. Territory, one a head branch of the 
St. Louis, and the other of Sandy Lake rivers. 
The two Savannah rivers approach so near 
each other, as to leave only a short portage 
between them. 

S A VINTON, v. Cecil co. Md. 110 m. from 
W. 

SAVOY, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 25 m. NE. 
from Lenox, 120 W. from Boston. 

SAWMILL CREEK, r. Md. runs into the 
Potomac. 

SAW PITT, v. Westchester co. N. Y. 

SAYBROOK, t. Middlesex co. Ct. on W. 
side of the Connecticut, near its mouth, oppo- 
site Lyme, 17 m. W. from New London, 35 E. 
from New Haven. Pop. 4,980. It contains 4 
parishes, in each of which is a Congregational 
vneeting-house ; and there are in the township 
4 other houses of public worship, 2 for Baptists, 
I for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. This 
is a place of considerable importance for its 



manufactures of combs. There is also a man- 
ufactory of augers and gimlets. 

SC ANTIC, r. Ct. runs into the Connecticut, 
in East Windsor. 

SCHAGHTICOKE, t. Rensselaer co. N.Y. 
on E. side of the Hudson, 17 m. N. from Al- 
bany. Pop. 3,002. 

SCHAGHTICOKE POINT, v. in Schaghti- 
coke, at the mouth of the Hoosac, 20 m. N of 
Albany. 

SCHELLSBURG, v. Bedford co. Pa. 

SCHENECTADY, co. N. Y. on the Mo- 
hawk, bounded NW. by Montgomery co. NE. 
by Saratoga co. S. by Albany co. and SW. by 
Schoharie co. Pop. 12,334. Chief town, Sche 
nectady. 

SCHENECTADY, city and cap. Schenec- 
tady co. N. Y. on the Mohawk, 15 m. NW. 
from Albany, 391 from W. Pop. 4,258. The 
city is situated on SE. side of the Mohawk, on 
a handsome plain ; it is regularly laid out, and 
contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, a college 



SCH — SCO 



403 



an academy for young ladies called the Wash- 
ing-ton Boarding-School, and several houses of 
public worship, for Presbyterians, for Dutch 
Reformed, for Episcopalians, and for Metho- 
dists. An elegant bridge, 997 feet in length, is 
built in this place across the Mohawk. Union 
College is situated on E. side of the city, on an 
elevated spot of ground, and commanding a 
delightful prospect. It was founded in 1795, 
and is a very respectable and flourishing semi- 
nary, with ample endowments. The buildings 
are 2 elegant brick edifices, each 200 feet in 
length, and 4 stories high, having each 2 wings 
extending 15G feet-, and two boarding4iouses. 
These buildings contain upwards of 100 rooms 
for the accommodation of students, rooms for 
the philosophical and chemical apparatus, lec- 
ture rooms, &.c and accommodations for the 
officers of the college with their families. The 
libraries contain about 14,000 volumes. The 
philosophical apparatus and the chemical are 
complete. The whole number of graduates 
from the time of its foundation, to 1830, was 
1,202. The number of students ranges from 
200 to 250. Commencement is held on the 
4th Wednesday in July. There are 3 vaca- 
tions.; the first from commencement, 7 weeks; 
the second from the Wednesday immediately 
preceding Christmas, 3 weeks ; the third from 
the first Wednesday in April, 3 weeks. There 
is connected with the college an academy con- 
taining about 100 students. 

SCHODAC, t. Rensselaer eo. N. Y. on E. 
side of the Hudson, 9 m. S. from Albany. 

SCHODAC LANDING, v. Columbia co. 
N, Y. 

SCHOENBRUNN, or Beautiful Spring, 
Moravian settlement, Tuscarawas co. Ohio, 
•on the Muskingum, 3 m. below New Phila- 
delphia. 

SCHOHARIE, co. central part of N. Y. 
bounded N. by Montgomery co. NE. by Sche- 
nectady, E. by Albany co. SE. by Greene co. 
SW. by Delaware co. and W. by Otsego co. 
Pop. 27,910. Chief town, Schoharie. 

SCHOHARIE, t. and cap. Schoharie co. 
N. Y. 24 m. S. from Johnstown, 32 W. from 
Albany. Pop. 5,146. It is watered by a river 
of the same name. Schoharie village is situ- 
ated on Schoharie flats, and contains the coun- 
ty buildings, a printing-office, 2 churches, and 
a number of elegant houses. 

SCHOHARIE, r. N.Y. runs N. through 
Schoharie co. into the Mohawk, W. of Florida. 
Length 70 m. The alluvial flats on this river 
are from 1 to 2 m. wide, and are very fertile. 

SCHOHARIE KILL, v. in the W. part of 
Greene co. N. Y. 61 m. SW. from Albany. 

SCHOODIC LAKES, in Washington co. 
Me. about 40 m. NNW. from Machias. 

SCHOOLEY'S MOUNTAIN, a mountain 
range and watering place, in Morris co. N. J. 
The watering place is in the SW angle of the 
co. about 20 m. NE. from Easton in Pa. 

SCHUYLER, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. on the 
N. side of the Mohawk river, 6 m. NE. from 
Utica. Pop: 2,074. 

SCHUYLER'S LAKE, lake, N.Y. 9 m. 
long and 5 broad. 5 m. W. from Lake Otsego. 



SCHUYLERSVILLE, v. Saratoga co. N.Y. 

24 m. N. from Albany. 
SCHUYLKILL, co. Pa. bounded by Berks 

SE. Dauphin SW. Northumberland and Co- 
lumbia NW. Luzerne N. and Northampton 
and Lehigh NE. Length 37 m. mean width 
13. Pop. in 1820, 11,339; in 1830, 20,783. 
Soil, rough, rocky, and sterile. Chief town, 
Orwigsburg. 

SCHUYLKILL, r. Pa. rises in Luzerne co. 
and runs SE. into tiie Delaware, 6 m. below 
Philadelphia. It is 140 m. long, and naviga- 
ble for large merchant-vessels to Philadelphia. 

SCIOTO, salt-works, near the centre of 
Jackson co. Ohio, reserved by the U. S. about 
28 m. SE. from Chillicothe. 

SCIOTO, one of the central towns of Ross 
co. Ohio, containing the town of Chillicothe. 
Pop. 4,123. 

SCIOTO, t. Delaware co. Ohio, on the W. 
side of Scioto river. Pop. 464. 

SCIOTO, t. Pickaway co. Ohio. Pop. 462. 

SCIOTO, t. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 339. 

SCIOTO, co. Ohio, bounded by Ohio river 
S. Adams W. Pike N. Jackson NE. and Law- 
rence E. Length 30 m. mean width 19. Pop. 
in 1820, 5,749 ; in 1830, 8,730. Chief town, 
Portsmouth. 

SCIOTO, r. Ohio, rises near the sources of 
the Sandusky, has a course E. of S. passes by 
Columbus, Circleville, and Chillicothe, and runs 
into the Ohio at Portsmouth, 352 m. below 
Pittsburg. It is navigable for boats 130 m. 
and is connected with the Sandusky by a por- 
tage of 4 in. A large part of the country wa- 
tered by this river is very fertile. 

SCIOTO, Little, r. Ohio, flows into the Ohio, 
20 m. below the Scioto. 

SCIOTO SALT SPRINGS, v.Ross co. Ohio. 

SCIPIO, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. 11 m. S. from 
Auburn, 180 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,691. 
It lies on E. side of Cayuga Lake, and the 
township is about 10 m. square, fertile, and 
well cultivated. 

SCITUATE, t. and s-p. Plymouth co. Mass. 
on a bay of the same name, 17 m. SE. from 
Boston. Pop. 3,470. It contains 3 houses of 
public worship, 2 for Congregation alists, and 
1 for Episcopalians. 

SCITUATE, t. Providence co. R. I. 15 m. 
WSW. from Providence. Pop. 6,853. It con- 
tains a bank and several cotton manufactories. 

SCONONDOA, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 

SCOTCH PLAINS, v. Essex co. N. J. 11 
m. W. from Elizabethtown. 

SCOTLAND NECK, v. Halifax co. N.C. 

SCOTLAND SOCIETY, t. Windham co. 
Ct. between Windham and Canterbury, 34 m. 
a little S. of E. from Hartford. 

SCOTT, t. NW. corner Cortlandt co. N. Y. 
extending from the head of Skeneateles Lake, 

25 m. NE. from Ithaca. Pop. 1,452. 
SCOTT, co. Va. bounded by Ten. S. Lee co. 

Va. W. Cumberland mountains or Va. N. Kus- 
sell co. NE. and Washington SE. Length 40 
m. mean width 28. Pop. in 1820, 4,263 ; in 
1830, 5,702. Chief town, Estillville. 

SCOTT, v. Adams co. Ohio, 107 m. SSW 
from Columbus. 



404 



SCO— SEN 



SCOTT, co. Ken. bounded by Fayette SE. 
Woodford SW. Franklin W. Owen N. and Har- 
rison NE. Length 14 m. mean width 13. Pop. 
in 1820, 14,219 ; in 1830, 14,677. Chief town, 
Georgetown. Soil highly productive. 

SCOTT, co. In. bounded by Clarke co. SE. 
Floyd S. Washington W. Jackson NW. Jen- 
nings NE. and Jefferson E. Length 20 m. 
breadth 15. Pop. in 1820, 2,334; in 1830, 
3,097. Chief town, New Lexington. It is 
watered by several branches of White river. 

SCOTTSBURG, v. Halifax co. Va. 

SCOTT'S FERRY, v. Albemarle co. Va. 

SCOTTSVILLE, v. Gennessee co. N. Y. 

SCOTTSVILLE, v. Powhatan co. Va. about 
30 m. W. from Richmond. 

SCOTTSVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Al- 
len co. Ken. on a small branch of Big Barren 
river, 45 m. E. from Russellville, and 160 SW. 
by S. from Frankfort. 

SCRANENBURG, v. Bergen co. N. J. 6 m. 
NE. from Hackensack. It contains 2 Dutch 
churches. 

SCRIBA, t. Oswego co. N. Y. at the mouth 
of the Oswego, 173 m. WNW. from Albany. 
Pop. 2,073. 

SCRIVEN, co. Geo. between Savannah and 
Ogeechee rivers, bounded by Effingham co. 
SE. Ogeechee river, or Bullock and Emanuel 
cos. SW. Burke NW. and Savannah river NE. 
Length 34 m. mean width 22. Pop. in 1820, 
3,941 ; in 1830, 4,776. Chief town, Jackson- 
borough. 

SCHROON, t. Essex co. N.Y., W. of Ticon- 
deroga. Pop. 1,644. It lies W. of Schroon 
Lake. 

SCHROON, r. N. Y. the E. branch of the 
Hudson. It runs from Schroon Lake into the 
Hudson, and has many falls. 

SCHROON LAKE, N. Y. 12 m. W. of the 
N. end of Lake George. It lies between Hague 
on the E. and Chester on the W. and is about 
8 m. long, and 1 broad. 

SCUFFLETOWN, v. Laurens district, S.C. 

SCULL CAMP, v. Surrey district, N. C. 

SCULLTOWN, v. Salem co. N.J. 10 m. 
NE. from Salem. 

SEABROOK, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 7 m. 
N. from New bury port, 17 SSW. from Ports- 
mouth. Pop. 1,096. 

SEAFORD, v. Sussex co. N. J. 

SEAKONNET ROCKS, rocks on the coast 
of R. I. on E. side of the entrance of Narra- 
ganset Bay, 6 m. ESE. from Newport. 

SEAL, t. Pike co. Ohio. Pop. 1,173. 

SEAL ISLAND, isl. near the coast of Me. 
Lon. 68 3 40' W. ; lat. 43° 50' N. 

SEAL ISLANDS, cluster of small islands, 
in the Atlantic, near the coast of Me. Lon. 
67° 46' W. ; lat. 44° 45' N. 

SEARSBURG, v. Bennington co. Vt. 12 m. 
E. from Bennington. 

SEARSMONT, t. Waldo co. Me. 93 m. NE. 
from Portland. Pop. 1,151. 

SEARS VILLE, v. Sullivan co. N.Y. 103 
m. SW. from Albany. 

SEBAGO, or Sebasticook, lake of Cumber- 
land co. Me. out of the E. part of which flows 
Presumscut river. 



SEBASTIAN, St. town of Mexico. Lon. 
105° 5' W. ; lat. 24° 20' N. 

SEBASTICOOK, r. Me. rises near the Pis 
cataquis, and flows into the Kennebeck on E* 
side, at Winslow. It passes through a large 
pond in Harmony, and receives a considerable 
eastern branch in Palmyra. Its whole length 
is 70 or 80 m. Great numbers of herrings 
are caught in it. 

SEBEC, t. Penobscot co. Me. 82 m. NNW. 
from Castine. Pop. 993. 

SEBEC, lake and river, Maine. Sebec 
Lake lies partly in Somerset co. and partly in 
Penobscot, drawing its remote confluents from 
the environs of Moose Head Lake. The out- 
let, retaining the same name, unites with the 
Piscataquis. 

SEDGWICK, s-p. Hancock co. Me. on E; 
side of Penobscot Bay, 6 m. SE. from Castine^ 
260 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,606. 

SEEKHONK, name applied to Pawtucket 
river, below Pawtucket bridge and falls, to its 
junction with Providence river, a distance of 
4 or 5 m. 

SEEKHONK, t. Bristol co. Mass. on E. 
side of Pawtucket or Seekhonk river, opposite 
North Providence, 19 m. WSW. from Taun- 
ton, 38 SSW. from Boston. Pop. 2,134. That 
part of Pawtucket village which belongs to 
Massachusetts is in this town. Here is a 
bank. 

SEGOVIA, New, town of N. America, in 
Guatemala, seated on the river Yare, on the 
confines of the province of Honduras. Lon. 
84° 20' W. ; lat. 13° 25' N. 

SEGUIN, island, on the coast of Maine, 
about 3 m. from the mouth of Kennebeck river j. 
4 m. E. from Cape Small Point. Lon. 69° 42' 
W. ; lat. 43° 41' N. There is a light-house 1 
on this island. 

SELAM, town of N. America, in Mexico* 
situated near the sea-coast. Loii. 90° 28' W. ; 
lat. 39° 12' N. 

SELBY PORT, t. Alleghany co. Md. 38 
m. W. from Cumberland. 

SELIN'S GROVE, v. Northumberland co. 
Pa. 

SELLERSVILLE, v. Bucks co. Pa. iri 
Rockhill town, 35 m. NNW. from Philadel- 
phia. 

SELMA, v. Dallas co. Al. 43 m. from Ca- 
hawba. 

SELSER TOWN, or Ellicotsville, t. Adams 
co. Mississippi, about 15 m. NE. from Natchez 

SEMPRONIUS, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. 14 m. 
SE. from Auburn, 160 W. from Albany. Pop. 
5,705. It lies W. of Skeneateles Lake, and E. 
of Owasco Lake, and is a very valuable town- 
ship. 

SENECA, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on W. side 
of Seneca Lake, 12 m. E. from Canandaigua, 
192 W. from Albany. Pop. 6,161. This is a 
very valuable township, and contains the flour- 
ishing village of Geneva, which see. There 
is an extensive glass manufactory, 2 m. south 
from Geneva. 

SENECA, r. N. Y. flows from Seneca Lake 
NE. into the Oswego, in Cicero. Its whole 
course is about 60 m. It affords considerable 



SEN— SHE 



405 



facilities fbr boat navigation, and furnishes 
valuable mill-seats. 

SENECA, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Cayuga 
co. E. by Cayuga co. and lake, S. by Tomp- 
kins co. and W. by Seneca Lake and co. Pop. 
21,031. Chief towns, Waterloo and Ovid. 

SENECA, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. 

SENECA, co. Ohio, bounded N. by San- 
dusky, Huron E. Crawford S. and W. by Han- 
cock and Wood. Length 30 m. breadth 18. 
Sandusky river flows across this co. from N. 
to S. Pop. 546. Chief town, Tiffin. 

SENECA, t. Monroe co. Ohio. Pop. 610. 

SENECA CREEK, r. Md. runs into the 
Potomac, 21 m. W. from W. 

SENECA FALLS, v. Seneca co. N. Y. on 
the outlet of Seneca Lake, 10 m. below Geneva, 
4 m. below Waterloo, and 2 m. W. from Cay- 
uga bridge. 

SENECA LAKE, N. Y. from 6 to 15 m. 
W. from Cayuga Lake. It is 35 m. long, and 
from 2 to 4 broad. There is, on the bank of 
this lake, a quarry of marble, beautifully va- 
riegated, of an excellent quality, and proof 
against fire. 

SENECAVILLE, v. Guernsey co. Ohio, 59 
m. E. from Columbus. 

SEQUATCHEE, r. Ten. rises in Bledsoe 
co. runs SW. passing through the western part 
of the Cherokee country, and flows into the 
Tennessee. 

SESEME QUIAN, r. Indiana, runs into 
the Illinois. 

SEVERN, r. Md. runs by Annapolis into 
the Chesapeake, 2 m. below the town. 

SEVERN r. Va. runs into Chesapeake 
Bay, lat. 37° 23' N. 

SEVIER, co. Tennessee bounded by Dusky 
Mountain or North Carolina SE. Monroe S. 
Blount W. Knox NW. Jefferson NE. and 
Cocke E. Length 33 m. mean width 20. 
Chief town, Sevierville. Pop. in 1820, 4,772 ; 
in 1830, 5,117. 

SEVIERVILLE, t. and cap. Sevier co. 
Ten. on a branch of the French Broad, about 
30 m. SE. from Knoxville, 500 from W. 

SEWEE BAY, bay of the Atlantic, on the 
coast of S. Carolina. Lat. 32° 58' N. 

SEWICKLY, r. Pa. runs W. into the 
Youghiogeny, 9 m. above the Monongahela. 

SEXTON'S RIVER, r. Vt. rises in Grafton, 
and runs into the Connecticut, 2 m. S. from 
Bellows Falls. 

SHACKLEFORD, v. King and Queen co. 
Va. 

SHADE, r. Ohio, flows into the Ohio, 10 m. 
below the Hockhocking. 

SHADE MOUNTAIN, mt. Pa. NE. of 
Lewistown. 

SHADY GROVE, v. Franklin co. Va. 228 
m. SW. by W. from Richmond. 

SHAFFERSTOWN, v. in the NE. part of 
Lebanon co. Pa. 9 m. E. from Lebanon, and 
32 E. from Harrisburg. 

SHAFTSBURY, t. Bennington co. Vt. 7 m. 
N. from Bennington. Pop. 2,143. It is a 
considerable and flourishing town, and con- 
tains an academy. A quarry of good marble 
is found in this town. 



SHAKERSTOWN, t. Mercer co. Ken. 
SHAKER TOWN, t. Knox co. In. a little 

east of the Wabash, about 15 m. N. from Vin- 
cennes. 

SHALERSVILLE, t. Portage co. Ohio, N. 
from Ravenna. Pop. 757. 

SHALLOT CREEK, r. N. C. runs into the 
Atlantic, Ion. 78° 38' W. ; lat. 33° 51' N. 

SHAMBURG, t. Washington co. Mis. 

SHAMOKIN, r. Pa. runs into the Susque- 
hannah, a little below Sunbury. 

SHANDAKEN, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 20 m. 
W. from Kingston. Pop. 966. 

SHANESVILLE, v. Mercer co. Ohio, 122 
m. NW. from Columbus. 

SHANESVILLE, v. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, 
on Sugar creek. 

SHAPLEIGH, t. York co. Me. on the Pis- 
cataqua, 35 NW. York, 108 NNE. from Bos- 
ton. Pop. 1,480. 

SHAREMAN'S CREEK, r. Pa. runs E. 
into the Susquehannah, a little below the Ju- 
niatta. 

SHARK RIVER, r. N. J. runs into the 
Atlantic, Ion. 74° 4' W. ; lat. 40° 10' N. 

SHARON, Neio, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 27 
rn. NNW. from Augusta. Pop. 1,599. 

SHARON, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 18 m. 
WSW. from Amherst, 48 SW. from Concord. 
Pop. 721. 

SHARON, t. Windsor co. Vt. 22 m. N. from 
Windsor. Pop. 1,459. 

SHARON, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 17 m. SSW. 
from Boston. Pop. 1,024. 

SHARON, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 15 m. WNW. 
from Litchfield. Pop. 2,613. Here ( is an 
academy. 

SHARON, t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 10 m. W. 
from Schoharie. Pop. 4,247. 

SHARON, t. Franklin co. Ohio. Pop. 
909. 

SHARON, v. Ashtabula co. Ohio. 

SHARON, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 704. 

SHARPS, isl. Dorchester co. Md. in the 
Chesapeake. 

SHARPSBURG, v. Hamilton co. Ohio. 

SHARPSBURG, t. Washington co. Md. 
about. 2 m. from the Potomac, nearly opposite 
Shepherdstown, 14 m. SE. from Elizabethtowm 
Pop. 1,800. 

SHARPSBURG, v. Bath co. Ken. 59 m. E* 
from Frankfort. Pop. 158. 

SHARPTOWN, t. Salem co. N. J. 

SHAWANGUNK, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 17 m. 
NW. from Newburgh. Pop. 2,681. 

SHAWANGUNK, mt. N. Y. 25 m. SW, 
from Kingston. 

SHAWNEETOWN, t. Gallatin co. II. on 
the Ohio, 9 m. below the mouth of the Wa* 
bash. It contains a bank, a land-office, and a 
printing-office, from which is issued a weekly 
newspaper. This place has considerable trade 
in salt. The U. S. Saline, in the forks of Sa- 
line river, is 12 m. from the town. This town 
is subject to annual inundation. 

SHAWSHEEN, r. Mass. runs NE. into the 
Merrimack, in N. part of Andover. 

SHEEPSCOT, v. Lincoln co. Me. 

SHEEPSCOT, r. Lincoln co. Me. runs into 



406 



SHE — SHE 



the Atlantic, on E. side of Wiscasset, forming 
a bay at its mouth. 

SHEFFIELD, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 16 rn. N. 
from Danville, 45 NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 
720. 

SHEFFIELD, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 20 m. 
S. from Lenox, 30 SE. from Hudson, 125 
WSW. from Boston. Pop. 2,392. It is wa- 
tered by the Housatonnuc, which affords good 
seats for mills. South mountain extends the 
whole length of the town, on E. side of the 
river. 

SHEFFIELD, v. Lorain co. Ohio, 155 m. 
NNE. from Columbus. 

SHELBURNE, t. in the British province 
of New Brunswick, at Port Roseway, extends 
2 m. on the water-side, and 1 m. back, with 
wide streets crossing each other at right an- 
gles. The harbor is deep, capacious, and se- 
cure. 

SHELBURNE, t. Chittenden co. Vt. on 
Lake Champlain, 7 m. S. from Burlington. 
Pop. 1,123. 

SHELBURNE, t. Coos co. N. H. on the 
Androscoggin, 22 m. ESE. from Lancaster. 
Pop. 312. 

SHELBURNE, t. Franklin co. Mass. 4 m. 
W. from Greenfield, 100 m. W. from Boston. 
Pop. 985. 

SHELBY, v. M'Comb co. Mich. 38 m. from 
Detroit. 

SHELBY, t. Orleans co. N.Y. adjoining 
Niagara co. N. from the Tonnewanta reserva- 
tion, and S. from the Erie canal. Pop. 2,043. 

SHELBY, co. Ken. bounded by Salt river 
or Nelson co. S. Bullitt SW. Jefferson W. 
Henry N. and Franklin E. and SE. Length 
26 m. mean width 20. Chief town, Shelby- 
ville. Pop. in 1820, 21,047 ; in 1830, 19,039. 

SHELBY, co. in the western part of Ohio, 
bounded N. by Allen, E. by Logan, S. by Mi- 
ami, and W. by Darke. It is about 20 miles 
square. It is watered by the Great Miami 
river and Loramie's creek, beside several of 
their tributaries. Pop. in 1820, 2,106 ; in 1830, 
3,671. Chief town, Sydney. 

SHELBY, SVV. co. Ten. bounded by the 
state of Mississippi S. Mississippi river W. and 
Madison co. in Ten. N. and E Length 34 m. 
width 30. Pop. in 1820, 354 ; in 1830, 5,652. 
Chief town, Memphis. 

SHELBY, co. Al. bounded by Coosa river 
E. Bibb co. S. Tuscaloosa SW. Jefferson NW. 
and St. Clair N. Length 40 m. width 36. Chief 
town, Shelbyville. Pop. in 1820, 2,416; in 
1830, 5,521. 

SHELBY, co. In. bounded by Bartholomew 
S. Johnson W. Marion NW. Madison N. Rush 
E. and Decatur SE. Length 24 m. breadth 18. 
Pop. 6,294. Chief town, Shelbyville. 

SHELBY COURT-HOUSE, Shelby co. Al. 
93 m. N. from Cahawba. 

SHELBYVILLE, t. and cap, Shelby co. 
Ken. on Brashan's creek, 12 m. above its junc- 
tion with Salt river, 22 m. WSW. from Frank- 
fort, 572 from W. Pop. 1,201. It contains a 
court-house, a bank, a printing-office, and a 
meeting-house. 

SHELBYVILLE, t. and cap. Bedford co. 



Ten. on Duck river, 50 m. SSE. from Nash- 
ville, 692 from W. It is a flourishing townj 
and contains a court-house, a bank, and a print- 
in ^--office. - 

SHELDON, t. Franklin co. Vt. on the Mi- 
chiscoui, 16 m. E. from Lake Champlain. Pop. 
1,427. Here are several forges, and a furnace 
for casting hollow-warc. 

SHELDON, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 20 m. SW. 
from Batavia, 270 W. from Albany. Pop. 
1,731. 

SHELLDRAKE RIVER, r. Canada, runs 
into the river St. Lawrence, in Ion. 64° 50' W. ; 
lat. 50° 20' N. 

SHELLDRAKE, r. Michigan territory, runs 
into lake Superior, 24 m. W. from point Iro- 
quois. 

SHELL KEY, isl. in the Gulf of Mexico. 
Lon. 89° 15' W. ; lat. 29° 48' N. 

SHELTER ISLAND, isl. near E. end of 
Long Island, 100 m. E. from N. Y. Pop. 330. 
It is 7 in. long, and 5 broad. This island and 
Great Hog-Neck island constitute a town. 

SHENANDOAH, co. Va. bounded N. by 
Frederick co. SE. by Culpeper and Madison 
cos. SW. by Rockingham co. and W. by Hardy 
co. Pop. 19,750. Chief town, Woodstock. 

SHENANDOAH, r. Va. rises in Augusta 
co. and after a course of about 200 m. joins 
the Potomac in lat. 38° 4' N. just before the 
latter bursts through the Blue Ridge. See 
Harper's Ferry. It waters a fertile country, 
and is navigable for boats 100 m. 

SHENANDOAH FORK, v. Shenandoah 
co. Va. 

SHENEVAS CREEK, r. N. Y. in Otsego 
co. It runs SW. 25 m. and joins the Susque- 
hannah. 

SHENLEY, t. Buckingham co. L. C. on 
Chaudiere river, 54 m. S. from Quebec. 

SHEPAUG, r. Ct. runs S. into the Quine- 
baug, in W. Dart of Southbury. 

SHEPHERD'S CREEK, r. La. runs into 
the Missouri, 83 m. W. from the Mississippi. 
SHEPHERDSTOWN, v. Belmont co. Ohio. 
SHEPHERDSTOWN, t. Jefferson co. Va. 
on the Potomac, 10 m. E. by S. from Martins- 
burg. Pop. 1,200- — principally Germans and 
their descendants. 

SHEPHERDSVILLE, t. and cap. Bullitt 
co. Ken. on Salt river, 14 m. from its junction 
with the Ohio, 20 m. S* from Louisville, 70 W 
from Lexington. Pop. 278. 

SHERBURNE, t. Rutland co. Vt. 13 m. E. 
from Rutland. Pop. 452. 

SHERBURNE, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 22 
m. SW. from Boston. Pop. 900. 

SHERBURNE, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 11 
m. N. from Norwich, 98 W. from Albany. 
Pop. 2,574. It is watered by the Chenango, is 
a valuable township, and contains a handsome 
village, a printing-office, valuable mills, and 
some manufactures. 

SHERBURNE, v. Beaufort district, S. C. 
214 m. from Columbia. 

SHERBURNE MILLS, v. Fleming co. Ken 
SHERMAN, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 43 m. NW 
from New Haven. Pop. 947 

SHESHEQUIN, v. Bradford co. Pa. 



SHE— SIR 



407 



SHETUCKET, r. Ct. joins the Yantic at 
Norwich, to form the Thames. 

SHIE LDSBORO UG H, t. Hancock co.Miss. 
on the bay of St. Louis, 39 m. by land ENE. 
from New Orleans, 60 by water. It has a very 
pleasant and healthy situation, elevated from 
20 to 40 feet above tide-water, contains about 
600 inhabitants, and is a place of considerable 
resort from New Orleans, during the sickly 
season. The bay is navigable to the town for 
vessels drawing 7 feet. 

SHIELDS' RIVER, r. N. America, runs 
into the Missouri, 7 m. below the Great Falls. 

SHINNTOWN, v. Harrison co. Va. on the 
W. fork of Monongahela, at the mouth of Sim- 
son's creek, 8 m. NNE. from Clarksburg, and 
235 a little N. of W. from Washington. 

SHIPPENSBURG, t. Cumberland co. Pa. 
20 m. N. by E. from Chambersburg, 20 SW. 
from Carlisle, 140 W. from Philadelphia. Pop. 
1,621. It is a considerable town, situated on 
a branch of the Conedogwinet creek, and con- 
tains a market-house, and several houses of 
public worship, for Presbyterians, Dutch Re- 
formed, and Methodists. 

SHIPPINGPORT, v. Jefferson co. Ken. on 
the Ohio, 2 miles below Louisville. Pop. 607. 
Here are a ship-yard, rope-walk, and a flour- 
mill. 

SHIRLEY, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 6 m. 
WSW. from Groton, 41 WNW. from Boston. 
Pop. 991. Here are cotton manufactories. 

SHIRLEYSBURG, v. Huntingdon co. Pa. 

SHOAL CREEK, r. II. has a course S. by 
W. of about 70 miles, and joins the Kaskaskia, 
in lat. 38° 27' N. It is a fine and rapid stream, 
and navigable for boats about 30 miles. 

SHOAL INLET, channel, between two 
small islands, on the coast of N. Carolina, Ion. 
77° 58' W. ; lat. 34° 5' N. 

SHOCCOE SPRINGS, in Warren co. N. C. 
8 m. S. from Warrenton. These mineral 
waters are much resorted to. Here is an 
academy. 

SHOREHAM, t. Addison co. Vt. on Lake 
Champlain, 49 m. S. from Burlington. Pop. 
2,137. Here is an academy. 

SHOREHAM, New, t. Newport co. R. I. 
on Block Island, 23 m. SSW. from Newport. 
Pop. 1,885. 

SHORT CREEK, L Harrison co. Ohio. 
Pop. 2,184. 

SHREWSBURY, t. Rutland co. Vt. 22 m. 
W- from Windsor. Pop. 1,289. 

SHREWSBURY, t. Worcester co. Mass. 6 
m. EN E. from Worcester, 38 W. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,386. It is a pleasant town. 

SHREWSBURY, t. Monmouth co. N. J. 
11 m. E. from Freehold, 47 NE. from Trenton, 
77 NE. from Philadelphia. This is a neatly 
built and pleasantly situated town, has several 
fine churches, and is a place of considerable 
resort for company from Philadelphia and New 
York, during the warm season. 

SHREWSBURY, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 
2,571. 

SHREWSBURY, v. Kenhawa co. Va. 306 
rii. NW. by W. from Richmond. 



SHREWSBURY, r. N. J. runs into the At- 
lantic, Ion. 74° 2' W. ; lat. 40° 22' N. 

SHUTESBURY, t. Franklin co. Mass. 16 
m. SE. from Greenfield, 80 W. from Boston. 
Pop. 987. Here is a well in which a fountain 
of medicinal water was opened by an earth- 
quake, in July 1815, the waters of which are 
found beneficial in many cutaneous diseases. 

SIDDONSBURG, v. York co. Pa. 32 m. 
from Harrisburg. 

SIDELING CREEK, r. Md. flows on the 
E. side of Sideling mountain, and runs into 
the Potomac. 

SIDELING MOUNTAINS, range, extend- 
ing through Huntingdon and Bedford cos. Pa, 
and Alleghany co. Md. 

SIDNEY, t. Kennebeck co. Me. on the Ken. 
nebeck, opposite Vassalborough, 8 m. N. from 
Augusta, 178 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 2,191 

SIDNEY, t. Delaware co. N. Y. on the Sus- 
quehannah, 25 m. W. from Delhi. Pop. 1,410. 

SILAO, t. Mexico, in Guanaxuato, 20 m. 
NW. by W. from the city of Guanaxuato. 

SILVER LAKE, v. Genesee co. N. Y. 267 
m. a little N. of W. from Albany. 

SILVER CREEK, r. Ken. runs into the 
Kentucky. 

SIMMON'S ISLAND, small island on the 
coast of S. Carolina. Lon. 80° 10' W. ; lat. 32° 
38' N. 

SIMONSBURG, v. Southampton co. Va. 

SIMPSON, co. Ken. bounded by Ten. S. 
Logan co. in Ken. W. and NW. Warren N. 
and Allen E. Length 25 m. mean width 16. 
Chief town, Franklin. Pop. in 1820, 4,852 ; 
in 1830, 6,099. 

SIMPSONSVILLE, v. Shelby co. Ken. 34 
m. from Frankfort. Pop. 77. 

SIMPSONVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Md. 
8 m. from W. 

SIMSBURY, t. Hartford co. Ct 11 m. NW. 
from Hartford. Pop. 2,221. 

SINEGAR CREEK, r. Md. runs into the 
Potomac. 

SING-SING, v. and landing in Mount Pleas- 
ant, N. Y. on the Hudson, 36 m. N. from New 
York. 

SINKING SPRING, v. Highland co. Ohio, 
23 m. SE. from Chillicothe. 

SINKING SPRING, v. Berks co. Pa. 4 m. 
W. from Reading. 

SIOUX, r. La. runs S. into the Missouri, 
253 m. above the Platte. 

SIOUX, Little, r. La. runs into the Mis- 
souri, 733 m. from the Mississippi. 

SIPPO, r. Ohio, flows into the Scioto, 5 m 
below Circleville. 

SIPSY, r. Al. runs into the Tombigbee, 
Lon. 87° 51' W. ; lat. 32° 22' N. 

SIR JAMES LANCASTER'S SOUND, 
opens from Baffin's Bay, lat. 74° 47' N. and 
immediately W. from the meridian of W. This 
great inlet was explored by captain Parry, of 
the British navy, who entered it in 1820, and 
wintered 1820-21, as far as 111° degrees W. 
from London, and decided the geography of 
these regions to 1 17° W. This very important 
voyage has shown the separation of Greenland 



408 



SIS— SMY 



from North America, upwards of 200 m. NW. 
from Cape Farewell, and has placed beyond a 
doubt the existence of a Polar continent, or 
Archipelago, detached from, or but very slight- 
ly united to, North America or Asia. 

SISTER ISLANDS, three small islands to- 
wards the western extremity of Lake Erie, 
called the Eastern, Western, and Middle Sis- 
ters. They are all small, the largest not ex- 
ceeding 10 acres. 

SKENEATELES, v. in the township of 
Marcellus, Onondaga co. N. Y. 7 m. E. from 
Auburn, 163 W. from Albany. It is most de- 
lightfully situated around the W. end of Ske- 
neateles Lake, and is a large, handsome, and 
flourishing village. 

SKENEATELES, lake, in W. part of 
Onondaga co. N. Y. 15 m. long, and from J to 
1^ broad. Skeneateles creek flows from the N. 
end to Seneca river, about 10 miles, and affords 
many fine mill-seats. 

SKINNERSVILLE, v. Washington co. 
N. C. 

SKUPOPING, lake, N. C. Lon. 76° 42' W. ; 
lat. 35° 45' N. 

SKUPPERNONG, r. N. C. communicates 
by means of a canal with the lake in Dismal 
Swamp. 

SKUTTOCK HILLS, eminences on the 
coast of Me. which afford sailing marks into 
Goldsborough harbor. 

SLABTOWN, v. Burlington co. N.J. 7 m. 
E. from Burlington. 

SLATE MOUNTAIN, mt. Va. 6 m. W. 
from Richmond. Lon. 72° W.; lat. 37° 
35' N. 

SLATE RIVER, r. Va. runs into James 
river, lat. 37° 40' N. 

SLATERS VILL E, v. Tompkins co. N. Y. 
210 m. W. from Albany. 

SLAUGHTER CREEK, bay on the coast 
of Maryland, in the Chesapeake. 

SLAUGHTER RIVER, r. N. America, 
runs into the Missouri, 121 m. below the Great 
Falls. 

SLAVE LAKE, large lake of British N. 
America, between lat. 60° 30' and 62° 30' N. 
It extends nearly E. and W. 350 m. with 
a mean width of about 40, between lon. 33° 
and 42° W. from W. The Unjigah river 
enters its SE. and leaves it at its NW. ex- 
tremity. 

SLAVE RIVER, of British America, the 
outlet of Athapescow Lake. 

SLIPPERY ROCK, river, Pa. on the SE. 
branch of Beaver, rises in Butler, Venango, 
and Mercer cos. by a number of creeks, which 
unite in Beaver and fall into Big Beaver river, 
12 m. N. from the borough of Beaver. 

SLOANSVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N. Y. 48 
m. westerly from Albany. 

SLOANSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C. 
155 m. SW. from Raleigh. 

SLOKUM'S ISLAND, one of the Elizabeth 
Islands, in Buzzard's Bay, Mass. 

SMETHPORT, t. and cap. M'Kean co. 
Pa. 45 m. E. from Warren, 273 from W. 

SMITH, co. Ten. bounded by Kentucky N. 
Jackson co. E. White and Warren SE. Wil- 



son SW. and Sumner W Length 36 m, 
mean width 15. Chief town, Carthage. Pop. 
in 1820, 17,580 ; in 1830, 21,492. 

SMITH, t. Belmont co. Ohio. 

SMITH'S ISLAND, island N. C. at the 
mouth of Cape Fear river. Cape Fear is the 
SE. point of it. 

SMITH'S ISLAND, small island in the 
Atlantic, near the coast of Virginia. This is 
one of a cluster collectively called Smith's Isl- 
ands. Lon. 75° 52' W. ; lat. 37° 15' N. 

SMITH'S POINT, cape, on the coast of 
Virginia, forming the S. limit of the Potomac. 
Lat. 37° 54' N. 

SMITH'S POND, lake, in Wolfsborough, 
N. H. 3 m. long. 

SMITH'S RIVER, r. N. H. runs into the 
Merrimack, in N. part of New Chester. 

SMITH'S RIVER, r. Rockingham co. N. C, 
runs into the Dan. 

SMITHFIELD, t. Providence co. R. I. on 
the Pawtucket, 12 m. N. from Providence, 
Pop. 3,994. It is a considerable town, and 
contains 2 banks, an academy, several manu- 
factories of cotton goods and scythes, and 3 
houses of public worship, 2 for Friends, and 1 
for Congregationalists. 

SMITHFIELD, t. Madison co. N. Y. 29 m. 
WSW. from Utica. Pop. 2,636. It is a valu- 
able township, and contains the village of Pe 
terborough. 

SMITHFIELD, v. Hopkins co. Ken. 

SMITHFIELD, v. Isle-of-Wight co. Va. on 
Pagan creek, about 6 m. above its entrance 
into James river, 32 WNW. from Norfolk. It 
is a great depot for barns, which are exported 
in large quantities. Pagan creek is navigable 
to this place for boats of 20 tons. 

SMITHFIELD, t. and cap. Johnson co 
N. C. on the Neuse, 27 m. SE. from Raleigh, 
about 110 m. NW. from Newbern, and 313 
from W. It is situated on a handsome plain, 
and contains a court-house and jail, and has 
some trade. 

SMITHFIELD, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. 
2,214. 

SMITH GROVE, v. Warren co. Ken. 173 
m. SW. from Frankfort. 

SMITHLAND, t. Livingston co. Ken. on 
the Ohio, 3 m. below the mouth of the Cum- 
berland. Pop. 388. 

SMITHSBOROUGH, v. in Owego, N. Y. 

SMITHTOWN, t. Suffolk co. N. Y. on N. 
side of Long Island, 53 m. E. from New York. 
Pop. 1,686. 

SMITHVILLE, t. Chenango co. N Y 13 
m. SE. from Norwich. Pop. 1,829 

SMITHVILLE, t. Brunswick co. N. C. 
near the mouth of Cape Fear river. 

SMOCKVILLE, t. Jefferson co. In. 

SMOKEHILL, r. Louisiana runs into the 

SMYRNA, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 10 m. N. 
from Norwich, 105 W. from Albany. Pop. 
1,897. 

SMYRNA, a flourishing town in Kent co. 
Delaware, on Duck creek, about 10 m. above 
its mouth, 12 NNW. from Dover, 28 S. from 
Newcastle, 120 from W. Pop. about 1,000. 



SMY — SON 



409 



It contains a bank and an academy, and 
carries on considerable trade with Philadel- 
phia. 

SMYTHFIELD, t. Somerset co. Pa. 193 
m. from W. 

SNAKE CREEK, r. La. runs into the Mis- 
souri, 246 m. from the Mississippi. 

SNEYDSBOROUGH, t. Richmond co. N.C. 
on the Yadkin, 200 m. by water, and 120 by 
land, above Georgetown, S. C. 

SNICKER'S GAP, v. Loudon co. Va. 

SNOW RIVER, r. N. America, runs into 
the Missouri 35 m. below the Great Falls. 

SNOWHILL, t. port of entry, and cap. 
Worcester co. Md. on the Pocomoke, 25 m. 
from its mouth, 125 S. from Philadelphia. 
Lon. 75° 30' W. ; lat. 38° 10' N. It is pleas- 
antly situated, and contains a court-house, a 
jail, an academy, a bank, 3 houses of public 
worship, and about 1,200 inhabitants, and has 
considerable trade. 

SNOWHILL, v. Greene co. N.C. 

SNOWHILL, v. Clinton co. Ohio, 84 m. 
SW. from Columbus. 

SOCIETY-LAND, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 
25 m. SW. from Concord. Pop. 164. 

SOCONUSCO, province of Guatemala, NW. 
from the city of Guatemala, 88 m. long, and 
nearly as much broad ; bounded on the N. by 
the Chiapi, on the E. by Guatemala, on the S. 
by the Pacific Ocean, and on the W. by the 
Guaxaca. 

SOCONUSCO, town of New Spain, capital 
of a province of the same name, 440 m. SE. 
of Mexico. Lon. 15° 50' W. ; lat. 15° 12' N. 
from W. 

SODUS, bay, of N. York, on the S. shore of 
Lake Ontario, between Seneca and Ontario 
cos. It is completely secure, 12 m. N. from 
Lyons, on the Erie canal. It will admit ves- 
sels drawing 7 or 8 feet water. 

SODUS, Little, small bay, 12 m. E. from 
the preceding. 

SODUS, t. Wayne co. N. Y. on Great Sodus 
Bay, S. side of Lake Ontario, 30 m. NE. from 
Canandaigua, 212 W. from Albany. Pop. 
3,528. The principal village is called Troup- 
ville. Iron ore is found in this town. Great 
Sodus Bay is 7 m. long, and 3 broad, and is 
accounted the best harbor on the south side of 
the Lake. 

SOLDIER'S RIVER, r. La. runs into the 
Missouri, 689 m. from the Mississippi. 

SOLOMON'S RIVER, La. runs into the 
Kansas. 

SOLON, t. Somerset co. Me. on the Ken- 
4ebeck, 18 m. N. from Norridgewock. Pop. 
"68. 

SOLON, t. Cortlandt co. N. Y. 10 m. E. 
rom Homer, 132 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,033. 

SOMERS, t. Tolland co. Ct. 8 m. E. from 
infield, 24 NE. from Hartford. Pop. 1,439. 

:SOMERS, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 50 m. N. 
from New York. Pop. 1,997. It has a pleas- 
ant village, which contains a printing-office, 
-md has some trade. 

SOMERSET, co. Me. bounded by Kennebeck 
f:. Oxford W. Lower Canada N W. and Penob- 
3 B 



scot E. Pop. in 1820, 21,787 ; in 1830, 35,788. 
Chief town, Norridgewock. This co. includes 
a space 180 m. long, by upwards of 50 wide. 
The principal settlements are in the southern 
part, on Kennebeck river, but a great portion 
is yet uninhabited. 

SOMERSET, r. Me. which joins the Ken- 
nebeck, at Alna. 

SOMERSET, t. Windham co. Vt. 14 m. 
ENE. from Bennington. Pop. 245. 

SOMERSET, t. Bristol co. Mass. 13 m. SSW. 
from Taunton, 42 S. from Boston. Pop. 1,024. 
m SOMERSET, co. N.J. bounded N. by Mor- 
ris co. E. by Essex and Middlesex cos. SE. by 
Middlesex co. and W. by Hunterdon co. Pop. 
17,689. Chief town, Somerville. 

SOMERSET, co. S. side of Pa. bounded N. 
by Cambria co. E. by Bedford co. S. by Mary- 
land, and W. by Fayette and Westmoreland 
cos. Pod. 17,441. Somerset is the capital. 

SOMERSET, bor. and cap. Somerset co. Pa. 
35 m. W. from Bedford, 61 ESE. from Pitts- 
burg, 165 from W. Pop. 649. It is a pleas- 
ant town, and contains a court-house, a jail, 
and a meeting-house. 

SOMERSET, co. Md. bounded N. by Dela- 
ware, E. by Worcester co. S. by Pocomoke 
Bay, W. by the Chesapeake, and NW. by Dor- 
chester co. Pop. 20,155. Chief town, Prin- 
cess Anne. 

SOMERSET, t. and cap. Perry co. Ohio, 18 
m. W. from Zanesvilie, 53 NE. from Chilli- 
cothe, 354 from W. Pop. 576. 

SOMERSET, t. and cap. Pulaski co. Ken. 
12 m. SSE. from Stanford, 601 from W. Pop. 
231. It is situated in a fertile country. 

SOMERSET, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,790. 

SOMERSET, v. Franklin co. In. 81 m. SE. 
by E.. from Indianapolis. 

SOMERSET FORGE, v. Somerset co. Pa. 

SOMERSWORTH, t. Strafford co. N. H. 4 
m. NE. from Dover, and 15 NNW. from Ports- 
mouth. Pop. 3,090. 

SOMERTON, v. near the S. boundary of 
Nansemond co. Va. 40 m. SW. from Norfolk, 
and 124 SE. from Richmond. 

SOMERVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Som- 
erset co. N. J. on Raritan river, 16 m. above 
New Brunswick, and 38 N. from Trenton. It 
has a delightful situation, in a fertile and 
highly cultivated country, and has a hand- 
some appearance. 

SOMERVILLE, v. Fauquier co. Va. 56 m. 
from W. and 133 a little W. of N. from Rich 
mond. 

SOMERVILLE, v f and seat of justice, on 
Locust Fork of Black Warrior or Tuscaloosa 
river, Morgan go. AL about 50 m. a little E. 
of S. from Huntsville. 

SONORA Y S1NALOA, state of Mexico, 
bounded E. by the states of Chihuahua and 
Durango, SE, and S. by Jalisco, W. and SW. 
by the Gulf of California, and N. by the river 
Gila, and the native Indian regions of Apa- 
cheria. Length from N. to S. 1,340 m. mean 
width about 200, area 268,000 sq. ms. The 
existing white and civilized population of this 



410 



SOR— SOU 



very extensive country amounts, it is most 
probable, to less than 200,000, or less than a 
single person to the sq. m. 

SOREL, t. L. C. on St. Lawrence river, im- 
mediately below the mouth of Sorel river. It 
is a regularly built town, containing about 
2,000 inhabitants. 

SOREL, r. L. C. the outlet of Lake Cham- 
plain. It admits ship navigation to St. John's. 
From thence to the basin of Chambly, the cur- 
rent is strong, and impeded by shoals and 
rapids ; but from Chambly to the mouth, gentle. 
The distance from Lake Champlain, to St. 
John's, about 20 m. and from thence to the 
mouth 55 m. It is the channel of an extensive 
down-stream trade, in flour, lumber, pot and 
pearl ashes. 

SOUCOOK, r. N.H. rises in Gilmanton, 
and runs SW. into the Merrimack river, N. 
of Pembroke. 

SOUHEGAN, r. rises in W. part of Hills- 
borough co. N. H. and runs E. into the Merri- 
mack river, in the town of Merrimack, oppo- 
site Litchfield. 

SOUTHAMPTON, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 
18 m. SVV. from Portsmouth. Pop. 487. 

SOUTHAMPTON, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 
9 m. SW. from Northampton, and 98 W. from 
Boston. Pop. 1,253. In this town there is a 
lead mine. The ore yields from 50 to 60 per 
cent, of pure, soft lead. 

SOUTHAMPTON, t. Suffolk co. N. Y. on 
S. side of Long Island, 100 m. E. from New 
York. Pop. 4,850. Sag Harbor, Westhamp- 
ton, Southampton, and Bridge Hampton, in 
each of which there is a post-office, are in this 
township. 

SOUTHAMPTON, co. SE. part of Va. 
bounded NW. by Sussex and Surrey cos. E. by 
Isle of Wight and Nansemond cos. S. by North 
Carolina, and SW. by Greensville co. Pop. 
16,073. Chief town, Jerusalem. 

SOUTH BAINBRIDGE, v. Chenango co. 
N. Y. on Susquehannah river, 17 m. S. from 
Norwich. 

SOUTH BAY, bay on the coast of Long 
Island, extending from Hempstead to South- 
ampton. 

SOUTH BAY, an arm of Lake Champlain, 
extending W. from the S. extremity. 

SOUTH BERWICK, t. York co. Maine. 
Pop. 1,577. 

SOUTHBOROUGH, t. Worcester co. Mass. 
18 m. NNE. from Worcester, and 28 W. from 
Boston. Pop. 1,080. 

SOUTH BRIDGE, t. S. part of Worcester 
co. Mass. 54 m. SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,444. 

SOUTH BRIDGEWATER, t. in the NW. 
part of Plymouth co. Mass. 36 m. SSE. from 
Boston. 

SOUTHBURY, t. New Haven co. Ct. 22 m. 
NW. from New-Haven. Pop. 1,557. 

SOUTH CANAAN, parish in the town of 
Canaan, Litchfield co. Ct. on Housatonnuc r. 
20 m. NNW. from Litchfield, and 44 NW. 
by W. from Hartford. 

SOUTH CREEK, r. N.C. runs into Pam- 
lico Sound. Lon. 76° 48' W. ; lat. 34° 54' N. 



SOUTH-EAST, t. Putnam co. N. Y. 18 m, 

E. from West-Point. Pop. 2,042. 

SOUTH FLORENCE, v. in the northern 
part of Franklin co. Al. 

SOUTH GATE, v. Campbell co. Ken. 81 m. 
NNE. from Frankfort. 

SOUTH GERMAN, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 
15 m. NW. by W. from Norwich. 

SOUTH GLASTONBURY, t Hartford co 
Ct. on the E. side of the Connecticut river, 8 m. 
SE. from Hartford. 

SOUTH HADLEY, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 
on the E. bank of the Connecticut river, 5 m. 
below Northampton. A fall of 50 feet in the 
Connecticut river at this place, has been over- 
come by a dam and a canal of 712 perches in 
length, with 5 locks. The whole canal is cut 
through the solid rock. Pop. 1,185. It con- 
tains a flourishing academy. 

SOUTH HARPERSFIELD, t. Delaware 
co. N. Y. on the head of Oquago, branch of 
Delaware river, 96 m. SW. by W. from Al- 
bany. 

SOUTH HERO, t. Grand Isle co. Vt. on an 
island in Lake Champlain, 15 m. NNW. from 
Burlington. Pop. 717. 

SOUTH HILL, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. 

SOUTH HILL, v. Muhlenburg co. Va. 

SOUTH MOUNTAIN, mt. Pa. on the W 
side of Adams co. 

SOUTHINGTON, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. 

SOUTHINGTON. t. Hartford co. Ct. 18 m. 
SW. from Hartford, 325 from W. Pop. 1,844. 

SOUTH KILLINGLY, v. Windham co. 
Ct. 45 m. E. from Hartford. 

SOUTH KINGSTON, t. and seat of jus- 
tice, Washington co. R. I. at the mouth of 
Narraganset bay, 20 m. SW. from Providence, 
389 from W. Pop. 3,663. 

SOUTH KORTRIGHT, t. Delaware co. 
N. Y. on the head of Charlotte river, branch of 
the Susquehannah, situated between Harpers- 
field and Broomville. 

SOUTH LEICESTER, t. Worcester co. 
Mass. on the head of French river, branch of 
Quinebaug river, 10 m. SW. from Worcester. 

SOUTH NEW BERLIN, t. Chenango co. 
N. Y. on the Susquehannah river, below New 
Berlin, and 10 m. NE. from Norwich. 

SOUTHOLD, t. Suffolk co. N.Y. on NE 
part of Long Island. Pop. 2,900. 

SOUTH ORANGE, t. Franklin co. Mass. 
on Miller's river, 20 m. E. from Greenfield, 
and 73 a little N. of W. from Boston. 

SOUTH PARIS, t. Oxford co. Me. 47 m 
NNW. from Portland. 

SOUTH PEMBROKE, t. on the western 
border of Genesee co. N. Y 30 m. E. from Buf- 
falo, and 12 SW. from Batavia. 

SOUTH QUAY, v. Nansemond co. Va. 

SOUTH RIVER, r. Md. runs into the Ches- 
apeake, 6 m. S. from Annapolis. 

SOUTH RIVER, v. Middlesex co. N. J. 32 
m. from Trenton. 

SOUTH RIVER, small bay, extending NW. 
from the Chesapeake Bay, in Ann- Arundel co. 
Md. 6 m. S. from Annapolis. 

SOUTH RUTLAND, v. Jefferson co. N.Y. 



SOU— SPR 



411 



on the head of Sandy creek, 15 m. SE. by E. 
from Sacket's Harbor. 

SOUTH SALEM, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 
about 50 m. N. by E. from New York. Pop. 
1,557. 

SOUTH SANDWICH, t. Barnstable co. 
Mass. situate on the western border of the co. 
between Sandwich and Marchpee, 60 m. SSE. 
from Boston. 

SOUTH SCITUATE,t. Providence co. R.I. 
12 m. SW. by W. from Providence. 

SOUTH SOLON, t. on Kennebeck r. Som- 
erset co. Me. 40 m. N. from Augusta, and 103 
a little E. of N. from Portland. 

SOUTH SPARTA, v. near the southern 
boundary of Livingston co, N. Y. 30 m. SW. 
from Canandaigua. 

SOUTH TAMWORTH, t. in the northern 
part of StraffGrd co. N. H. on Bear Camp creek 
of Ossipee lake, G5 m. NNE. from Concord. 

SOUTHVILLE, v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 

SOUTHWICK, t. Hampden co. Mass. Pop. 
1,855. 

SOUTHWOLD, t. Middlesex co. U; C. on 
Lake Erie. 

SOUTH YARMOUTH, v. Barnstable co. 
Mass. 

SP AFFORD, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. on E. 
side of Skeneateles Lake, 13 m. S. from Onon- 
daga. Pop. 2,647. 

SP AFFORD'S LAKE, in Chesterfield, N. H. 
It is 2 miles long. 

SPAGGOT, r. rises in N. H. and runs into 
the Merrimack, in Methuen. 

SPANISH GROVE, v. Mecklenburg co. 
Virginia. 

SPARTA, t. Ontario co. N. Y. 25 m. SW. 
from Canandaigua. Pop. 1,943. 

SPARTA, t. and cap. Hancock co. Geo. 25 
m. NE. from Milledgeville, 64 SW. from Au- 
gusta, 618 from W. It is a flourishing town, 
and contains a court-house, a jail, a Methodist 
meeting-house, and 2 respectable academies. 

SPARTA, v. and seat of justice, White co. 
Ten. on Calfkiller's fork of Craney river, 65 m. 
E. from Murfreesborough, 75 SE. by E. from 
Nashville, 623 from W. 

SPARTA, v. and seat of justice, Conecuh 
co. Al. on Murder creek, branch of Conecuh r. 
about 70 m. a little E. of N. from Pensacola, 
90 NE. from Mobile, 971 from W. 

SPARTANBURG, district, S. C. bounded 
by N. Carolina N. York and Union districts E. 
Enoree river or Laurens S. and Greenville W. 
Length 40 m. mean width 22. Chief town, 
Spartanburg. Pop. in 1820, 16,989 ; in 1830, 
21,148. 

SPARTANBURG, t. and cap. Spartanburg 
district, S. C. 35 m. NE. from Greenville, 477 
from W. 

SPEEDSVILLE, v. Tioga co. N. Y. 

SPEEDWELL, v. Claiborne co. Ten. 200 
m. NE. by E. from Murfreesborough. 

SPEEDWELL MILLS, v. Barnwell dis- 
trict, S. C. 

SPEIGHTSTOWN, s-p. of Barbadoes, on 
the W. side of the island. Lon. 58° 31' W. ; 
lat. 13° 15' N. 



SPEIGLETOWN, v. in the NW. corner of 
Rensselaer co. N. Y. 

SPENCER, co. In. bounded by Ohio r. S. 
Warwick co. W. Dubois N. and Perry E. ; 
length 30 m. breadth 12. It is generally hilly 
and broken, but the soil is very good. Chief* 
town, Rockport. Pop. in 1820, 1,882; in 1830, 
3,187. 

SPENCER, v. and seat of justice, Owen co. 
In. on a small creek of White river, about 50 
m. SW. from Indianapolis, 624 from W. 

SPENCER, t. Worcester co. Mass. 11 m. 
WSW. from Worcester, 51 WSW. from Bos- 
ton. Pop. 1,618. 

SPENCER, t. Tioga co. N. Y. 54 m. S. from 
Auburn, 191 WSW. from Albany. Pop. 1,253. 

SPENCER MOUNTAINS mts. Me. 10 m. 
E. of Moosehead Lake. 

SPENCERTOWN, v. in Hillsdale, N. Y. 

SPITHEAD CREEK, r. America, runs into 
the Ohio. 

SPLIT-ROCK CREEK, r. La. runs into 
the Missouri, 170 m. W. from Mississippi. 

SPOON, r. U. rises between the Illinois and 
Mississippi rivers, at Lat. 41° 20' N. and falls 
into the former 150 m. above its influx into the 
Mississippi. 

SPOTSWOOD, v. Middlesex co. N.J. 9 m. 
SE. from New Brunswick. It contains an 
Episcopal church, a powder-mill, 2 snuff-mills, 
and upwards of 30 houses. 

SPOTSYLVANIA, co. Va. bounded N. by 
the Rappahannock, SE. by Caroline co. SSW 
by Hanover and Louisa cos. and NW. by 
Orange co. Pop. 15,227. Chief town, Fred- 
ericksburg. 

SPREAD EAGLE, v. Delaware co. Pa. 

SPRIGG, t. Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 1,739. 

SPRINGBOROUGH, v. Warren co. Ohio. 
SW. from Columbus. 

SPRING CREEK, t. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,061. 

SPRINGFIELD, t. Ross co. Ohio. Pop. 
930. 

SPRINGFIELD, t. Portage co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,207. 

SPRINGFIELD, t. Loudon co. Va. 

SPRINGFIELD, t. Hampshire co. Va. on 
S. branch of the Potomac, 10 m. NE. from 
Romney, 58 WNW. from Winchester. 

SPRINGFIELD, t. and cap. Washington 
co. Ken. 30 m. NW. from Danville, 600 from 
W. Pop. 61 8. It contains a bank. 

SPRINGFIELD, t. and cap. Robertson co. 
Ten. on Sulphur Fork, 25 m. N. from Nash- 
ville. Pop. 700. Fourteen miles E. of this town 
there is a mineral spring, which is much re- 
sorted to. 

SPRINGFIELD, t. Windsor co. Vt. on the 
Connecticut, opposite Charlestown, 13 m. SSW 
from Windsor. Pop. 2,749. 

SPRINGFIELD, t. Sullivan co. N. H. 3fe 
m. NW. from Concord. Pop. 1,202. 

SPRINGFIELD, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 12 m 
NE. from Cooperstown, 58 W. from Albany 
Pop. 2,816. 

SPRINGFIELD, t. Essex co. N. J. 15 m 
SW. fromN.Y. Pop. 1,653. 



412 



SPR— STA 



SPRINGFIELD, t. and cap. Hampden co. 
Mass. on E. side of the Connecticut, 18 m. S. 
from Northampton, 28 N. from Hartford, 48 
WSW. from Worcester, 88 W. by S. from 
Boston, 363 from W. Lon. 72° 36' W. ; lat. 
42° 6' N. Pop. 6,784. It contains a number 
of public buildings and manufactories, 2 pub- 
lic libraries, and a great number of elegant 
houses. The U. S. arsenal, a little east of the 
village, makes an imposing show. An U. S. 
manufactory of small-arms is situated about a 
mile from the arsenal, employing a number of 
mills and work-shops, and about 250 hands, 
who manufacture about 18,000 muskets a-year. 
This town contains also extensive manufacto- 
ries of cotton goods, paper, &c. 

SPRINGFIELD, West, t. Hampden co. 
Mass. on W. side of the Connecticut, opposite 
Springfield. Pop. 3,272. This is a pleasant 
and valuable agricultural town, and contains 
4 parishes, in each of which is a meeting- 
house 

SPRINGFIELD, t. Burlington co. N. J. 18 
m. from Trenton. Pop. 1,534. 

SPRINGFIELD, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, 12 
m. N. from Cincinnati. Pop. 3,025. 

SPRINGFIELD, t. Clarke co. Ohio, 13 m. 
S. from Urbana, 42 W. from Columbus. Pop. 
2,602. It is a flourishing town, and contains 
a woollen manufactory. 

SPRINGFIELD, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. 
Pop. 2,030. 

SPRINGFIELD, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,041. 

SPRINGFIELD, t, La. in the parish of St. 
Helena, about 30 m. WNW. from Madison- 
ville. 

SPRINGFIELD, v. York district, S. C. 

SPRINGFIELD, v. Susquehannah co. Pa. 
49 m. from W. 

SPRING ISLAND, small isl. near the coast 
of S Carolina. Lat. 32° 22' N. 

SPRING PLACE, a Moravian missionary 
station among the Cherokees, 35 m. SE. from 
Bramerd, 120 NW. from Athens. A consid- 
erable number of Cherokee children have been 
educated at this place. 

SPRINGVILLE, v. Montgomery co. N.C. 

SPRINGVILLE, t. Clarke co. In. Poo 
1,754. 

SPRING GARDEN, v. Pittsylvania, Va. 
130 m. SW. by W. from Richmond. 

SPRING GARDEN, v. Rockingham co. 
N. C. 113 m. NW. from Raleigh. 

SPRING GROVE, v. Iredell co. N. C. 195 
m. westerly from Raleigh. 

SPRING GROVE, v. Laurens district, S. C. 
65 m. northwesterly from Columbia. 

SPRING-HILL, v. Fauquier oo. Va. 

SPRING-HILL, v. Louisa co. Va. 

SPRING-HILL, t. Clarke co. In. Pop. 
1,561. 

SPRING-HILL, v. Chesterfield co. Va. 

SPRING-HILL, v. Lenoir co. N. C. 

SPRING-HILL, v. Jefferson co. Geo. 

SQUAM, lake, N. H. in Sandwich, Moul- 
tonborough, Centre Harbor, and Holderness, 6 
m. long, and 4 broad. 



SQUAM, r. N. H. runs from Squam Lafc# 
SW. into the Merrimack. 

SQUANICOOK, r. Mass. runs SE. into ths 
Nashua, E. of Shirley. 

STAATSBURG, v. in Clinton, N. Y. 10 m 
N. from Poughkeepsie. 

STAFFORD, t. Tolland co. Ct. 9 m. NE 
from Tolland, 27 NE. from Hartford, 73 WSW 
from Boston. Pop. 2,514. It contains a fur 
nace for casting hollow-ware, and a famous 
chalybeate spring, with good accommodations 
for visitors. Its waters have proved beneficial 
m a variety of diseases, and are resorted to by 
those afflicted with dropsy, gout, rheumatism,- 
piles, scrofula, cutaneous eruptions, &e. 

STAFFORD, t. Monmouth co. N. J. Pop. 
2,059. 

STAFFORD, co. NE. part of Va. bounded 
N. by Prince William co. NE. by the Potot. 
mac and Prince George co. S. by the Rappa^ 
hannock, and W. by Culpeper and Fauquier 
cos. Pop. 9,362. Chief town, Falmouth. 

STAFFORD, v. Orange co. Vt. 45 m. NE. 
from Rutland. 

STAFFORD, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 8 m. a 
little S. of E. from Batavia, and about 30 SW 
from Rochester. Pop. 2,367. 

STAFFORD, C. H. Stafford co. Va. 47 m. 
SSW. from W. and 76 a little E. of N. from 
Richmond. 

STAGE ISLAND, small isl. near the coast 
of Maine, not far from Casco Bay, remarkable 
for being the first land inhabited by Europe- 
ans in New England. 

STAGVILLE, v. Orange co. N. Y. 

STAGVILLE, v. Orange co. N. C. 

STAMFORD, t. Bennington co. Vt. 12 m. 
SE. from Bennington. Pop. 563. 

STAMFORD, t. Fairfield co. Ct. on Long 
Island Sound, 9 m. SW. from Norwalk, 31 NE, 
from N. Y. 40 SW. from New Haven. Pop. 
3,795. It contains 4 parishes and 6 churches 

STAMFORD, t. Delaware co. N. Y. 15 m 
ENE. from Delhi. Pop. 1,597. 

STANFORD, t. and cap. Lincoln co. Ken. 
10 m. SSE. from Danville, 40 SSW. from Lex- 
ington, 567 from W. Pop. 363. It contains 
a court-house, a jaiL and a rope-walk. 

STANFORD, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 18 m, 
NE. from Poughkeepsie. Pop. 2,521. It is a 
valuable township, and contains several paper- 
mills, and other valuable mills. 

STANFORDVILLE, v. Dutchess co. N. Y, 
87 m. SE. from Albany. 

STANHOPE, t. Morris co. N. J. 

STANNARDSVILLE, t. Orange co. Va. 23 
m. N. by W. from Charlottesville, and 95 NW. 
from Richmond. 

STANTON HILL, v. Charlotte co. Va. 

STANTONSBURG, v. Edgecombe co. N.C. 

STAR ISLAND, one of the Isles of Shoals, 
belonging to Maine. 

STARK, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Portage, 
E. by Columbiana, S. by Tuscarawas, and W. 
by Wayne. Length 33 m. width 30. Pop. in 
1820, 14,506 ; in 1830, 26,780. Chief town, 
Canton. 

STARKEY, v. Steuben co. N. Y. 



STA— STO 



413 



STARKS, t Somerset co. Me. 7 fn. W. from 
Norridgewock, and 200 NNE. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,471. 

STARKSBOROUGH, t. Addison co. Vt. 28 
m. W. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,342. 

STARR, t. Hocking co. Ohio. Pop. 295. 

STATEN ISLAND, isl. belonging to New 
York, and forming the county of Richmond. 
It is about 18 m. in length, and, where widest, 
8 in breadth. The island in general is rough, 
and the hills high. Pop. 7,084. 

STATESBOROUGH, v. and seat of justice, 
Bullock co. Geo. 45 m. NW. from Savannah. 

ST ATESBURG, t. and cap. Claremont dis- 
trict, S. C, E. of the Wateree, 30 m. S. from 
Camden, 470 from W. It contains a court- 
house, a jail, and a few houses. 

STATESVILLE, t. and cap. Iredell co. N.C. 
24 m. WSW. from Salisbury, 398 from W. It 
contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, a 
church, and about 50 houses. 

STAUNTON, t. and cap. Augusta co. Va. 
40 m. WNW. from Charlottesville, 95 SW. 
from Winchester, 120 WNW. from Richmond, 
163 from W. It is pleasantly situated in a 
healthy part of the country, regularly laid out, 
and contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, 
3 churches, and nearly 2,000 inhabitants. 

STAUNTON, t. Miami co. Ohio, on the 
Miami, 1 m. E. from Troy. Pop. 1,081. 

STAUNTON, a principal branch of the 
Roanoke, Va. It rises on W. side of the Blue 
Ridge>, and there has the name of Roanoke, but 
after its passage through the Blue Ridge, it 
takes the name of Staunton, which it retains 
to its junction with the Dan, on the W. border 
of Mecklenburg 6o. 

STEDMANSVILLE, v. Meigs co. Ohio. 

STEPHENTOWN, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 
22 m. SE. from Albany. Pop. 2,716. 

STERLING, t. Franklin co. Vt. 30 m. 
NNW. from Montpelier. Pop. 183. 

STERLING, t. Worcester co. Mass. 5 m. 
W. by S. from Lancaster, 12 N. from Worces- 
ter, 44 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,789. It is a 
valuable agricultural town, and has a consid- 
erable village. 

STERLING, t. Windham co. Ct. 4 m. E. 
from Plainfield, and 18 NE. from Norwich. 
Pop. 1,240. 

STERLING, NW. t. Cayuga co. N.Y. 
Pop. 1,436. 

STERLING, v. Wayne co. Pa. 156 m. NE. 
from Harrisburg. 

STERLING VILLE, t. Granville co. N.C. 

STEUBEN, t. Washington co. Me. on the 
Naraguagus river, 311 m. NE. from Boston, 
fop. 695. 

STEUBEN, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Onta- 
rio co. E. by Seneca Lake, and Tioga co. S. by 
Pennsylvania, and W. by Alleghany co. Pop. 
33,975. Chief town, Bath. 

STEUBEN, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 20 m. N. 
from Utica. Pop. 2,094. Baron Steuben died 
in this town in 1796, and here his ashes repose, 
without a stone to direct the passenger to the 
spot. 

STEUBENVILLE, t. and cap. Jefferson co. 



Ohio, on the Ohio, 69 m. by the river, Delow 
Pittsburg, 38 by land, 109 above Marietta, 25 
NE. from St. Clairsville, 150 E. by N. from 
Columbus. Lon. 8° 40' W. ; lat. 40° 25' N. 
Pop. 2,937. It is a very nourishing town, 
with many fine buildings, ibur handsome 
churches, and a large number of manufactur- 
ing establishments, such as woollen and cot- 
ton factories, furnaces, paper-mills, &c. mostly 
propelled by steam. Also an academy, two 
banks, and a printing-office. 

STEWART, NW. co. Ten. E. on Tennes- 
see river, bounded by Ken. NE. Montgomery 
co. Ten. E. Dickson co. SE. Humphreys S. and 
Tennessee river, or Henry co. W. Length 22 
m. mean width 20. Pop. in 1820, 8,388 ; m 
1830, 6,988. Chief town, Dover. 

STEWARTSTOWN, t. Coos co. N. H. on 
the Connecticut, 40 m. N. from Lancaster, and 
460 from W. Pop. 529. 

STEWARTSVILLE, v. Sussex co. N. J. 60 
m. N. from Trenton. 

STEWARTSVILLE, v. in the W. part of 
Westmoreland co. Pa. on the road from Greens- 
burg to Pittsburg, 12 m. from the former, and 
14 from the latter place. 

STILL VALLEY, v. Sussex co. N. J. 

STILLWATER, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on 
W. side of the Hudson, 22 m. N. from Albany. 
Pop. 2,601. Bemas's Heights are in this town- 
ship, 3 m. N. of the village. This place is 
memorable for a battle fought on the 19th of 
September, 1777, between the Americans and 
British. 

STILLWATER, r. Ohio, runs SE. into the 
Great Miami, above Dayton, and opposite the 
mouth of Mad river. 

STOCK, t. Harrison co. Ohio. Pop. 1,066- 

STOCKBRIDGE, t. Windsor co. Vt. 32 
m. NW. from Windsor. Pop. 1,333. 

STOCKBRIDGE, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 6 
m. S. from Lenox, 12 S. from Pittsfield, 130 
W. from Boston. Pop. 1,580. It is watered 
by the Housatonnuc, is a pleasant town, and 
contains a printing-office and several cotton 
and woollen manufactories. There is a quarry 
of marble in this town. 

STOCKBRIDGE, West, t. Berkshire co, 
Mass. 10 m. SSW. from Lenox, 135 W. from 
Boston. Pop. 1,208. Here are very valuable 
quarries of white and blue marble, and an 
iron mine. 

STOCKHOLM, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 
30 m. E. from Ogdensburg. Pop. 1,944. 

STOCKTON, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. 10 m. 
a little W. of S. from Fredonia, and 60 m. 
SW. from Buffalo. Pop. 1,604. 

STODDARD, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 14 m. 
NE. from Keene, 44 WSW. from Concord. 
Pop. 1,159. 

STODDERTSVILLE, v. Luzerne co. Pa. 

STOKES, co. N. C. bounded by Virginia N. 
Rockingham and Guilford cos. N. C. E. Row- 
an S. and Surrey W. Length 40 m. width 
24. Chief town, Salem. Pop. 16,196. 

STOKES, t Montgomery co. N. C. neai 
the Yadkin. 

STOKES, t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 560 



414 



STO— S(JF 



STOKESBURY, v. Stokes co. N. C. 140 
m. NW. from Raleigh. 

STONE CREEK, r. Mississippi, runs into 
the Mississippi, lat. 32° 8' N. 

STONEHAM, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 9 m. 
N. from Boston. Pop. 732. 

STONE'S RIVER, r. Ten. runs NW. into 
the Cumberland, 6 m. above Nashville. 

STONE FORT, v. Franklin co. Ten. 

STONESBOROUGH, v. Greene co. Ken. 

STONEWALL CREEK, r. N. America, 
runs into the Missouri, just above the natural 
stone-walls, 95 m. below the Great Falls. 

STONINGTON, s-p. New London co. Ct. 
12 m. E. from New London. Pop. of the 
township, 3,401. The harbor sets up from the 
Sound, opposite Fisher's Island. It borders on 
Rhode Island, and is a place of some trade. 
This town was bombarded by the British, 
without effect, Aug-. 8, 1814. It is a place of 
some resort for sea-bathing, during- the sum- 
mer. 

STONINGTON, North, t. New London co. 
Ct. 9 m. N. from Stonington. Pop. 2,840. 

STONO INLET, r. or channel, S. C. which 
separates the islands of James and John, and 
runs into the Atlantic, Ion. 80° 3' W. ; lat. 38° 
41' N. 

STONY BROOK, v. Brookhaven, N. Y. 3 
m. E. from Sautucket. 

STONY ISLAND, id. in E. end of Lake 
Ontario, SW. from Sacket's Harbor. 

STONY POINT, v. Albemarle co. Va. 

STONY POINT, v. Abbeville district, S. C. 
m STONY POINT, on the W. bank of the 
river Hudson, 40 m. above New York. For- 
merly a military post; was taken by storm 
from the British by Gen. Anthony Wayne, in 
the war of the Revolution, July 16, 1779. 

STORMVILLE, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 

STOUGHTON, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 15 m. 
S. from Boston. 

STOUGSTOWN, v. Cumberland co. Pa. 45 
m. westerly from Harrisburg. 

STOUTS, v. Washington co. Miso. 

STO W, t. Washington co. Vt. 22 m. NNW. 
'from Montpelier. Pop. 1,570. 
' STOW, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 30 m. W. 
from Boston. Poo. 1,221. 

STOW, t. Portage co. Ohio. 

STOW CREEK, r. N. J. runa into the 
Delaware. 

STOW CREEK, t. Cumberland co. N. J. 
on Stow creek. Pop. 791. 

STOWSVILLE, v. Lincoln co. N. C. 185 
m westerlv from Raleigh. 

STRAFFORD, co. E. part of N. H. bounded 
N by Coos co. E. by Maine, SW. by Rocking- 
ham co. and W. by Grafton co. Pop. 58,916. 
Chief towns, Dover, Gilmanton, Rochester, and 
Durham. 

STRAFFORD, t. Orange co. Vt. 35 m. N. 
from Windsor. Pop. 1,935. Here is an ex- 
tensive copperas manufactory. 

STRAFFORD, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 15 
m. NW. from Johnstown. Pop. 552. 

STRAIGHT CREEK, r. N. America, runs 
into the Ohio, Ion. 84° 2' W. ; lat. 38° 38' N. 

STRASBURG, t. Franklin co. Pa. E. of 



North Mountain, 9 m. NNW. from Chambers- 
burg, 145 m. W. from Philadelphia. 

STRASBURG, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 8 m, 
SE. from Lancaster, 58 W. from Philadelphia^ 
116 from W r . Pop. 4,036. It is a pleasant 
and considerable town. The village is built 
chiefly of brick and stone. 

STRASBURG, v. Shenandoah co. Va. 12 
m. NNE. from Woodstock, 88 from W. It 
contains about 60 houses. 

STRATFORD, t. Coos co. N H., E. of the 
Connecticut, 18 m. N. from Lancaster. Pop. 
443. 

_ STRATFORD, t. Fairfield co. Ct. on W. 
side of Stratford river, near its mouth, 14 m. 
SW. from New Haven. Pop. 1,807. It is a 
pleasant town, and has an academy and some 
trade. 

STRATHAM, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 8 
m. SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 838. 

STRATTON, t. Windham co. Vt. 23 m. 
NE. from Bennington. Pop. 312. 

STRAWBERRY RIVER, r. NW. Territo- 
ry, runs into Lake Superior, W. of Goddard's 
river. 

STRONG, t. Somerset co. Me. 24 m. NW. 
from Norridgewock, 308 NNE. from Boston. 
Pop. 985. 

STUARTSBURG, v. Westmoreland co. Pa. 

STUART'S LAKE, N. America, W. of the 
Chippewan mountains. It is but imperfectly 
known, but represented as 300 m. in circum- 
ference. The NW. Company have a fort on 
its banks, at lat. 54° 30' N. and Ion. 48° W. 
from W. 

STUMPSTOWN, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on a 
branch of the little Swatara, 24 m. ENE. from 
Harrisburg. 

STURBRIDGE, t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 
m. SW. from Worcester, 58 SW. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,688. It is watered by the Quinebaug, 
and the turnpike from Worcester to Hartford 
passes through the town. 

STURGEON, bay of Green Bay, setting up 
SE. towards Lake Michigan, opposite the 
mouth of Menomonie river, and 45 m. NNE. 
from the mouth of Fox river. 

SUCCESS, t. Coos co. N. Hampshire, E. of 
the Androscoggin, 23 m. E. from Lancaster 
Pop. 14. 

SUCK CREEK, r. Ten. runs into the Ten, 
nessee, at the Whirl. 

SUCKASUNNY, v. Morris co. N. J. It is 
a pleasant village, and contains a Presbyterian 
meeting-house, and an academy. 

SUDBURY, t. Rutland co. Vt. 53 m. SW 
from Montpelier. Pop. 812. 

SUDBURY, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 22 m. 
W. from Boston. Pop. 1,424. 

SUDBURY, East, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 
18 m. W. from Boston. Pop. 944. 

SUFFIELD, t. Hartford co. Ct. on W. bank 
of the Connecticut, 11 m. S. from Springfield, 
17 N. from Hartford. Pop. 2,690. It is a 
pleasant and considerable town, and contains 
several churches for Presbyterians and Bap- 
tists. Here is a mineral spring considerably 
resorted to. 

SUFFIELD, southern t. Portage co. Ohio. 



SUF— SUR 



415 



SUFFOLK, co. Mass. comprising only the 
towns of Boston and Chelsea, which see. This 
county comprises only a very small spot on 
the continent, Boston peninsula, and the islands 
in the harbor. Pop. in 1820, 43,941 ; in 1830, 
62,162. 

SUFFOLK, co. N.Y. comprising the E. 
part of Long Island, bounded by Queen's W. 
Long Island Sound N. and the Atlantic Ocean 
NE., E. and S. Length 80 m. mean width 8. 
Soil of the whole county rather sterile. Chief 
towns, River-head, Sag Harbor, and South- 
ampton. Pop. in 1820, 24,272; in 1830, 
26,980. 

SUFFOLK, C. H. Suffolk co. N. Y. 

SUFFOLK, t. and cap. Nansemond co. Va. 
on the river Nansemond, 30 SW. from Hamp- 
ton, 85 SE. from Richmond, 220 from W. It 
contains a court-house and a jail. The river 
is navigable to this place for vessels of 250 
tons. 

SUGAR CREEK, r. Pa. runs E. into the 
E. branch of the Susquehannah, about 6 m. 
above Towanda creek. 

SUGAR CREEK, SW. t. of Stark co.Ohio. 
Pop. 1,261. 

SUGAR CREEK, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, 
in which is the town of Shanesville. Pop. 
982. 

SUGAR CREEK, t. Green co. Ohio. Pop. 
2,177. 

SUGAR CREEK, t. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 
948. 

SUGAR CREEK, r. Ohio, joins the Little 
Miami, above Waynesville. 

SUGAR RIVER, r. Michigan, runs into 
Saganaum Bay. 

SUGAR RIVER, r. N. H. runs from the 
Sunapee Lake into the Connecticut, in Clare- 
mont. 

SUGGSVILLE, v. Clarke co. Al. 12 m. from 
Claiborne. 

SULLIVAN, t. Hancock co. Me. at the 
head of Frenchman's Bay, 30 m. E. from Cas- 
tine, 280 NE. from Boston. Pop. 538. 

SULLIVAN, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 6 m. 
NNE. from Keene, 48 WSW. from Concord. 
Pop. 555. 

SULLIVAN, co. N. Y. bounded NW. by 
Delaware co. NE. by Ulster co. S. by Orange 
co. and SW. by the Delaware, which separates 
it from Pennsylvania. Pop. 12,372. Chief 
town, Monticello. 

SULLIVAN, t. Madison co. N.Y. on S. 
side of Oneida Lake. Pop. 4,077. Gypsum 
and iron ore are found here. 

SULLIVAN, co. NE. part of East Tennes- 
see. Pop. 10,073. Chief town, Blountsville. 

SULLIVAN ISLAND, isl. at the mouth of 
Ashley and Cooper rivers, 6 m. below Charles- 
ton, S. C. This island is much resorted to by 
the people of Charleston during the summer 
months. 

SULLIVAN'S MOUNTAINS, in N. H. 
extending from Cockburne to the White Moun- 
tains, about 2,000 feet high. 

SULPHUR CREEK, branch of Green r. in 
Kentucky. 



SUMANYSTOWN, v. Montgomery co. Pa. 
33 m. NNW. from Philadelphia. 

SUMMER FIELD, v. Guilford co. N. C. 

SUMMIT BRIDGE, v. Newcastle co. Del. 
• SUMMITSVILLE, v. Sullivan co. N. Y. 

SUMNER, t. Oxford co. Me. 6 m. NE. from 
Paris, 170 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,099. 

SUMNER, co. on N. side of West Tennes- 
see. Pop. 20,606. Chief town, Gallatin. 

SUMPTER, district of S. C. bounded by 
Santee river or Charleston district S. Santee 
river or Orangeburg SW. Wateree river or 
Richland W. Kershaw NW. Lynch's creek, 
river, or Darlington NE. and Williamsburg 
N. Length 50, mean width 30 m. Black 
river, branch of Great Pedee, takes its rise in 
this district. The canal connecting Santee 
river with Charleston harbor leaves the Santee, 
nearly opposite to the SE. angle of Sumner. 
Chief town, Sumpterville. Pop. in 1820, 25,369 ; 
in 1830, 28,278. 

SUMPTERVILLE, v. and seat of justice, 
Sumpter district, S. C. on the dividing ground 
between the two main branches of Black river, 
about 100 m. a little W. of N. from Charleston. 

SUMTERSVILLE, v. Claremont co. S. C. 

SUNAPEE, lake, N. H. in Fishersfield, 
Wendell, and New London. It is 11 m. long, 
and 1^ broad. Little Sunapee, 2 m. long, lies 
NE. of it, in New London. 

SUNAPEE, mt. N. H., S. of Sunapee Lake. 

SUNBURY, bor. and cap. Northumberland 
co. Pa. on the Susquehannah, 1 m. below the 
junction of the E. and W. branches, 2 m. S. 
from Northumberland, 56 N. from Harrisburg, 
122 NW. by W. from Philadelphia, 162 from 
W. Pop. 1,057. It is regularly laid out, and 
contains a court-house, a jail, and a Presbyte- 
rian and a Lutheran church, which are all 
handsome and spacious structures. 

SUNBURY, t. Gates co. N.C. 

SUNBURY, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 828. 

SUNBURY, s-p. Liberty co. Geo. at the 
head of St. Catherine's Sound, 42 m. SSW. 
from Savannah. The harbor is safe and com- 
modious, and the situation of the town is 
pleasant and healthy. Planters from the coun- 
try resort here in the sickly season. 

SUNCOOK, r. N. H. runs SW. into the 
Merrimack, 7 m. below Concord. 

SUNDERLAND, t. Bennington co. Vt. 20 
m. NNE. from Bennington. Pop. 463. 

SUNDERLAND, t. Franklin co. Mass. E. 
of the Connecticut, 8 m. S. from Greenfield, 
90 W. from Boston. Pop. 666. 

SUNFISH CREEK, r. Ohio, runs into the 
Ohio, 22 m. below Indian Wheeling. 

SUNFISH, t. Pike co. Ohio. Pop. 568. 

SURREY, N. C. bounded by Va. N. Stokes 
co. in N. C. E. Rowan and Iredell S. and 
Wilkes and Ashe W. It is drained by the ex- 
treme northern sources of the Yadkin. Sur- 
face hilly, and in part mountainous. Chief 
town, Rockford. Pop. in 1820, 12,320; in 
1830, 14.501. 

SURREY, t. Cheshire co.N. H. 8 m. NNW. 
from Keene, 62 WSW. from Concord. Pop. 
539 



4 16 



SUR — TAB 



SURREY, t. Hancock co. Me. 18 m. NE. 
from Castine, 257 NE. from Boston. Pop. 561. 

SURREY, co. Va. bounded N. by Prince 
George co. and James river, SE. by Isle of 
Wight and Southampton cos. and SW. by Sus- 
sex co. Pop. 7,108. 

SURREY, C. H. Surrey co. Va. 64 m. SE. 
by E. from Richmond. 

SUSQUEHANNAH, v. Broome co. N. Y. 

SUSQUEHANNAH, the largest r. of Pa. 
which is formed by the E. and W. branches. 
The E. rises in Otsego Lake, N. Y. and the 
W. in Huntingdon co. Pa. They unite at 
Northumberland. The river then runs SE. 
into the head of the Chesapeake in Md, It is 
1^ m. wide at its mouth, but is navigable only 
5 m. for sloops. Although this river carries 
considerably more water than either the Hud- 
son or Connecticut, it is of no advantage at all 
for the purposes of navigation, except at high 
water, and then only down stream. At its 
floods, immense quantities of lumber and pro- 
duce are conveyed down in rafts, arks, &c. the 
most of them from the state of N. Y. It is a 
remarkably rough stream, and never navigated 
without considerable hazard. Most of the pro- 
duce finds a market in Baltimore, or is taken 
through the Delaware and Chesapeake canal 
to Philadelphia. 

SUSQUEHANNAH, co. N. side of Pa. 
bounded N. by N. Y. E. by Wayne co. S. by 
Luzerne co. and W. by Bradford co. Chief 
town, Montrose. Pop. 16,777. 

SUSSEX, co. N. J. bounded NNE. by N. Y. 
SE. by Bergen and Morris cos. SW. by War 
ren co. W. and NW. by the Delaware, whicn 
separates it from Pennsylvania. Pop. 20,349. 
Chief town, Newton. 

SUSSEX, co. Del. bounded N. by Kent co. 
E. by Delaware bay and the Atlantic, S. and 
W. by Maryland. Pop. 27,118. Chief towns, 
Georgetown and Lewistown. 

SUSSEX, co. Va. bounded NE. by Surrey co. 
SSE. by Southampton co. SW. by Greensville 
co. and NW. by Dinwiddie and Prince George 
cos. Pop. 12,720. 

SUSSEX, C. H. v. Sussex co. Va. on a small 
branch of Nottaway river, 64 m. SSE. from 
Richmond. 

SUTTON, t. Merrimack co. N. H. 20 m. 
NW. from Concord. Pop. 1,424. 

SUTTON VILLAGE, v. in Sutton t. Mer- 
rimack co. N. H. 

SUTTON, t. Caledonia co. Vt 15 m. from 
Danville. Pop. 1,005. 

SUTTON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 9 m. S. 
from Worcester, 46 SW. from Boston. Pop. 
2.186. 

SWAN ISLAND, isL on the coast of Me. 
4 m. SW. from Mount Desert. It contains 
about 6,000 acres. 

SWAN RIVER, r. N.America, runs into the 
Mississippi, Ion. 93° 15' W. ; lat. 44° 34' N. 

SWAN POINT, cape on the coast of Md. 
in the Chesapeake. Lon. 76° 22' W. ; lat. 38° 
11' N. 

SWANSBOROUGH, t. and cap. Onslow co. 
N.C. on White Oak river, 40 m. SSW. from 
Newborn, 405 from W. 



SW ANTON, t. Franklin co. Vt. on Lake 

Champlain, and bordering cjii Canada, 32 m. 
N. from Burlington. Pop. 2,158. 

SWANTOWN, v. Kent co. Md. 3 m. from 
Georgetown. 

SWANVILLE, t. Waldo co. Me. Pop. 633. 

SWANZEY, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 6 m. S. 
from Keene, 58 WSW. from Concord. Pop. 
1,816. Here is a cotton manufactory. 

SWANZEY, t. Bristol co. Mass. 16 m. SSW. 
from Taunton, 38 S. from Boston. Pop. 1,677. 

SWATARA, r. Pa. runs SW. into the Sus- 
quehannah, at Middletown. 

SWEASY'S VILLE, v. Adams co. Miss. 

SWEDEN, one of the western towns of Mon- 
roe co. N. Y. 15 m. W. from Rochester. Pop 
2,938. The Erie Canal crosses the northern 
part of this town. 

SWEDESBOROUGH, t. Gloucester co. N.J. 
on Raccoon creek, 20 m. SSW. from Philadel- 
phia. It contains an Episcopal church, a wool- 
len manufactory, and is a place of some trade. 
Raccoon creek is navigable to this place for 
boats. 

SWEET SPRINGS, v. Monroe co. Va. 28 
m. SE. from Lewisburg, 42 SW. from Warm 
Springs. This place is celebrated for its mine- 
ral waters, which are much resorted to. 

SWEET WATER CREEK, r. Ken. runs 
into the Bear creek. 

SWIFT, r. N. H. runs E. into the Saco, in 
Conway. 

SWIFT'S CREEK, r. Va. runs into the 
Appomatox, lat. 37° 20' N. 

SWITZERLAND, co. In. bordering on the 
Ohio. Chief town, Vevay. Pop. 7,111. 

SYCAMORE, t. in the NE. quarter of Ham- 
ilton co. Ohio. Montgomery, Reading, and 
Sharon villages, are laid out in this t. Pop, 
2,779. 

S YMMES, t. Lawrence co. Ohio, on Symmes 
creek. Pop. 246. 

SYLVANIA, v. Bradford co. Pa. 197 m. a 
little E. of N. from Harrisburg. 

SYRACUSE, t. and cap. Onondaga co. N. Y. 
25 m. NE. by E. from Auburn, 133 W. from 
Albany, 342 from W. Pop. about 2,000. It is 
a flourishing village, and stands on the Erie 
canal at the point where a side-canal branches 
off to Salina, The buildings are mostly of 
brick, and many of them large and splendid. 
The " Syracuse House" is a most noble brick 
structure, 4 stories high, and one of the most 
splendid hotels in the state. From a cupola 
on the top, there is a fine view of Onondaga 
lake, and the village of Salina, a mile and a 
half distant. In 1828, the building of an ele- 
gant court-house was commenced, at a point 
midway between these two villages ; and the 
whole intermediate space will probably be built 
over within a few years. In point of locality, 
few inland towns have advantages equal with 
this. The line of communication is continued 
by the Salina side-canal, the Onondaga lake, 
and the Oswego canal, to Lake Ontario. 

T. 

TABERG, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 9 m. NW. of 
Rome. 



TAB— TAR 



417 



TABLE MOUNTAIN, mt. Pendleton dis- 
trict, S.C. near NW. border of the state, 3,168 
.feet higher than the surrounding country, and 
about 4,000 above the level of the sea. It pre- 
sents on one side a tremendous precipice of 
solid rock, which rises nearly perpendicular, to 
the height of 890 feet. At the bottom is a deep 
and dismal valley, sunk apparently as much 
below, as the mountain is above, the general 
level. The precipice, viewed from the valley, 
appears like an immense wall rising up to 
heaven ; and the awe which it inspires is con- 
siderably increased by the quantities of bones 
which lie whitening at its base, the remains of 
various animals which had incautiously ap- 
proached too near its edge. The summit of 
this mountain is frequently enveloped -in clouds. 

TABLE RIVER, r. La, runs into the Mis- 
sissippi, lat. 37° 12' N. 

TABLE ROCK, v. Pendleton district, S. C. 

TADOUSAC,t. L.C. a place of great resort 
for trading with the Indians, who bring thither 
furs to exchange for cloth and other European 
.goods. It is situated at the mouth of the Sa- 
guenay, 98 m. NE. from Quebec. 

TAKONNACK, mt. Mass. S. of Great Bar- 
rington. Its height is estimated at 3,000 feet 
above the ocean. 

TALBERT'S ISLAND, small isl. in the 
Atlantic, on the coast of Geo. Lat. 30° 44' N. 

TALBOT, co. Md« bounded N. by Queen 
Anne co. E. by Caroline and Dorchester cos. 
S. by Dorchester co. and W. by Chesapeake 
Bay. Pop. 12,947. Chief town, Easton. 

TALLAHASSE, city, and seat of govern- 
ment for Florida, is situated on Tugabona or 
Wackahulla river. Lat. 30° 27' N. ; Ion. from 
W. 7° 13' W. The reasons which determined 
the governor and commissioners to fix on this 
place as the metropolis, were its central posi- 
tion, fertility of soil, and the reputation it had 
acquired among the Spanish and Indians, of 
being uncommonly salubrious. The position 
was fixed upon for the seat of government in 

1824. It was divided into lots, and sold in 

1825. Five squares have been reserved for the 
purpose of public buildings. The precincts of 
the town encircle a beautifully undulating 
country. It was immediately incorporated as 
a city. In two years from the first building, 
the number of whites and blacks was sup- 
posed to amount to 800. Some respectable 
houses were built, but the principal part of the 
habitations are temporary log buildings. The 
forest is falling on all sides, and it is daily ac- 
quiring more and more the appearance of a 
town. The amount of the sales of the lots was 
$24,000. That sum was appropriated for the 
erection of a territorial capitol. The materials 
for building are good and abundant. There 
are already a number of stores, taverns, and 
shops of all the customary mechanics, with a 
full proportion of lawyers and doctors, and 200 
houses. A printing-press has been establish- 
ed, from which issues the " Florida Intelli- 
gencer." 

TALLAPOOSA, r. rises in Georgia, enters 
Alabama, flows SW. and unites with the Coosa , 
3C 



3 m. SW. from Fort Jackson, to form the Al- 
abama. It is navigable, except in dry seasons, 
to the Great Falls, about 35 miles. This river 
is subject to great periodical elevations and 
depressions. Much of the country watered by 
it is very fertile. 

TALLMADGE, t. Portage co. Ohio, 15 m. 
WSW from Ravenna, 35 SSE. from Cleve- 
land. Pop. 1,218. It has an academy and a 
furnace. 

TAMPICO, bay and s-p. of Mexico, near 
the mouth of the Moctezuema river. Lon. from 
W. 11° 36' W.i lat. 22° 45' N. 

TAMWORTH, t. Strafford co. N. H. 60 m. 
NNE. from Concord, 63 NNW. from Ports- 
mouth. Pop. 1,554. 

TANEYTOWN, t. Frederick co. Md. 22 
m. NNE. from Fredericktown, 40 NW. from 
Baltimore, 67 from W. It is a pleasant and 
handsome town, and contains several hand- 
some churches, mostly of brick. 

TANGIPAO, r. rises in Mississippi, crosses 
E. part of Louisiana, and flows into Lake Pon- 
chartrain, 10 m. NE. of the pass of Manchac 

TANNER'S CREEK, r. In. runs into the 
Ohio, 2 m. below Lawrenceburg. 

TANNER'S HILL, v. Newbury district, 
S. C. 

TANSEY. r. N. America, rises in the Rocky 
Mountains, and runs into Maria's river. 

TAOS, t. of New Mexico, on the E. side of 
Rio Grande del Norte, above Santa Fe. Lon. 
from W. 29 3 45' W. ; lat. 37° 20' N. 

TAOUS MOUNTAINS, N. America, the 
southern part of the chain of the Chippewan, 
or Rocky Mountains, where the del Norte, 
Red river, Arkansas, and Colorado, have their 
rise. 

TAPPAHANNOCK, port of entry and cap. 
Essex co. Va. on SW. bank of the Rappahan- 
nock, 55 m. ESE. from Fredericksburg, 50 NE. 
from Richmond, 115 from W. Lon. 76° 57- 
W. ; lat. 38 3 2' N. Pop. about 700. Its situ- 
ation is low and unhealthy. It contains a 
court-house, a jail, and an Episcopal church. 
All the shipping belonging to the towns on the 
Rappahannock is entered at the custom-house 
of this place. 

TAPPAN, v. Rockland co. N. Y. 

TAPPAN SEA, an expansion of the Hud- 
son, opposite to Orangetown, from 25 to 35 m. 
above the city of New York, 10 m. long, and 

4 in breadth at the widest place. 

TAR, or Pamlico, r. N. C. rises in Casw T ell 
co. flow T s through Granville, Franklin, Nash, 
and Edgecombe cos. and passing by Tarbor- 
ough, Greenville, and Washington, runs SE, 
into Pamlico Sound, lat. 35° 22' N. It is nav 
igable for vessels drawing 9 feet water to 
Washington, 40 m. and for boats carrying 15 
or 20 tons to Tarborough, 90 m. 

TARBOROUGH, t. and cap. Edgecombe 
co. N.C. on the Tar river, 38 m. S. from Hali- 
fax, 60 ESE. from Raleigh, and 200 from W. 
Lon. 77° 44' W. ; lat. 35° 50' N. It contains 
a court-house, a jail, a bank, and an academy. 
Beef, pork, corn, tobacco, &c. are exported 
from this place in considerable quantities. 



418 



TAR — THE 



TARIFFVILLE, v. Hartford co. Ct. 
TARKIO CREEK, r. La. runs into the 

Missouri, 483 m. from the Mississippi. 

TARLETON, v. Pickaway co. Ohio, 17 m. 
NE. from Chillicothe. Pop. 257. 

TARRY-TOWN, v. and landing, Greens- 
burg, N. Y. 

TATE, t. Clermont co. Ohio. Pop. 3,232. 

TATE'S CREEK, v. in N. part of Madison 
co. Ken. about 49 m. SE. from Frankfort. 

TATNALL, co. Geo. bounded by Appling S. 
Telfair and Montgomery W. Emanuel NW. 
Camchee river, or Bullock co. NE. and Lib- 
erty and Wayne SE. Length 60 m. mean 
width 30. Pop. 2,039. Chief town, Perry's 
Mills. 

TAUNTON", t. and cap. Bristol co. Mass. 
on the river Taunton, 21 m. E. from Provi- 
dence, 24 N. from Bristol, 27 N. by W. from 
New Bedford, 32 1 S. from Boston, 431 from 
W. Pop. 6,045. It is a pleasant and hand- 
some town, and contains a court-house, a jail, 
a town-house, a bank, an academy, a printing- 
office, a paper-mill, and large and thriving 
manufactories of cotton, iron, copper, lead, and 
Britannia ware. 7,500,000 yards of calico 
are made here yearly. 

TAUNTON, r. Mass. is formed by Bridge- 
water and Namasket rivers, and runs SW. into 
Narraganset Bay. It is navigable for sloops 
of 50 tons to Taunton, 20 m. 

TAYLORSVILLE, v. Hanover co. Va. 30 
m. from Richmond. 

TAYLORSVILLE, v. Fairfield district, S.C. 
18 m. from Columbia. 

TAYLORSVILLE, t. Shelby co. Ken. on N. 
fork of Salt river, 30 m. SE. from Louisville. 

TAZEWELL, C. H. Tazewell co. Va. 302 
m. a little S. of W. from Richmond. 

TAZEWELL, co. SW. part of Va. bounded 
NW. by Kentucky and Kenhawa cos. NE. by 
Giles and Montgomery cos. SSE. by Wythe 
and Washington cos. and SW. by Russell co. 
Pop. 4,104. 

TAZEWELL, t. and cap. Claiborne co. Ten. 
about 35 m. N. from Knoxville, 491 from W. 

TEACHES, island, on the coast of Va. in 
Northampton co. 

TECHE, r. La. flows SE. and joins the At- 
chafalaya, about 15 m. above its entrance into 
the Gulf of Mexico. It is navigable to New 
Iberia, about 45 m. 

TECOANTEPEC, seaport of Mexico, in 

TEHUANTEPEC, the Gulf of is a semi- 
elliptical indenting of that part of the Pacific 
Ocean, stretching between Guatemala and the 
state of Oaxaca. 

TEKETANOAH, or Cyprus Creek, r. Ala- 
bama, flows into the Tennessee river, a mile 
below Florence. 

TELFAIR, co. Geo. bounded by Appling S. 
Doolen SW. Pulaski NW. Little Oakmulgee 
river, or Montgomery co. NE. and Tatnall E. 
Length 50 m. mean width 25. Pop. in 1820, 
2,104; in 1830, 2,136. Chief town, Jackson- 
ville. 

TELLICO, r. Ten. flows N. by W. into the 
Tennessee, just below Tellico. 



TELLICO, t. Blount co. Ten. on N. side of 
the river Tennessee, 50 m. SW. from Knox- 
ville. Here is a fort, blockhouse, and stores 
for supplying the Cherokee Indians. 

TEMPLE, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 40 m. NW. 
from Aup-usta. Pop. 798. 

TEMPLE, t. Hillsborough co. N.H. 13 m. 
WSW. from Amherst, 54 SSW. from Concord. 
Pop. 647. 

TEMPLETON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 27 
m. NW. from Worcester, and 60 WNW. from 
Boston. Poo. 1,551. 

TENNESSEE, one of the U. S. See page 
123. 

TENNESSEE RIDGE, mountains in the 
state of Tennessee, between the rivers Ten- 
nessee and Cumberland. 

TENS AW, r. the E. outlet of the Mobile. It 
branches off 6 or 7 m. below Fort Stoddert, and 
flows into Mobile Bay, 5 or 6 m. E. of the W. 
branch. Its channel is deeper and wider than 
that of the W. branch. 

TENSAW, r. La. flows SSW. a few miles 
from the Mississippi, and unites with the Oua- 
chitta at the junction of the Ocatahoola. 

TENSAW, v. Washington co. Alabama, 
near Mobile Bay. 

TEPIC, t. of Mexico, in the intendency of 
Guadalaxara, 500 m. NW. from the city of 
Mexico. 

TERRE HAUTE, v. Vigo co. Indiana, 
on the Wabash, 2 m. below Fort Harrison. 

TERRYVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. 

TETON, r. La. runs into the Missouri river, 
1,263 m. from the Mississippi. 

TEWKSBURY, t. Middlesex co. Mass. S. 
of the Merrimack, 7 m. SW. from Andover. 
23 N. from Boston. Pop. 1,527. 

TEWKSBURY, t. Hunterdon co. N.J. 
Pop. 1,659. 

TEXAS, province of Mexico, in the former 
Provincias Internas, bounded SW. by the Rio 
Grande del Norte, on the NE. by the United 
States, from the sources of Rio Grande, to the 
mouth of the Sabine, and SE. by the Gulf of 
Mexico. 

TEZCUCO, city of Mexico, in the inten- 
dency of Mexico, formerly remarkable for its 
extensive cotton factories, which, from the 
rivalry of Queretara, have greatly declined. 
It stands on the E. side of Lake Tezcuco, 20 
m. NE. from Mexico. Lon. from W. 21° 51' 
W. ; lat. 19° 30' N. Pop. 6,200. 

THAMES, r. U. C. rises in the Chippewa 
country, and running SW. washes the cos. of 
York, Norfolk, Suffolk, and Kent, and empties 
into Lake St. Clair, above Detroit ; it is a river 
of considerable extent, without falls. A com- 
munication is continued, by means of small 
portages, between its upper branches and Lake 
Huron, and the Grand river. 

THAMES, r. Ct. is formed by the Shetucket 
and Yantic, at Norwich, and flows S. into Long 
Island Sound, 2 m. below New London. It is 
navigable through its whole course. 

THATCHER'S ISLAND, small isl. on the 
coast of Mass. about 1 m. E. from Cape Ann. 

THERESA, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Black 
river branch of Oswegatchie, on the road from 



TIIE— TIP 



419 



Sacket's Harbor to Ogdensburg, 25 m. NE. 
from the former, and 40 SW. from the latter 
place. 

THESSALON, r. U.C. runs into lake Hu- 
ron, a little to the eastward of Muddy Lake, 
on the N. shore. 

THETFORD, v. Orange co. Vt. cn Connec- 
ticut river, 12 m. N. from Dartmouth in N. H. 
Pop. 2,183. 

THIMBLE ISLANDS, small islands near 
the coast of Connecticut. Lon. 72° 42' W. ; 
iat. 41° 11' N. 

THIRTY MILE, or Dead River, r. Maine, 
joins the Androscoggin, in Livermore. 

THOMAS'S CREEK, r. S. C. runs into the 
Great Pedee. 

THOMAS, St. one of the Virgin Islands, in 
the West Indies, with a harbor, a town, and a 
fort, 15 m. in circumference, and belongs to 
the Danes. Lon. 64° 51' W. ; lat. 18° 21' N. 

THOMASTOWN, t. Lincoln co. Me. on E. 
side of the river St. George, and on W. side of 
Penobscot Bay, 7 m. S. from Camden, 7 E. 
from Warren, 37 E. from Wiscasset, 190 NE. 
from Boston. Pop. 4,221. It is a flourishing 
town, and contains 2 churches, 1 for Congre- 
gationalists, and 1 for Baptists. The river is 
navigable to this town, for vessels of 200 tons. 
Great quantities of lime are burnt here, and 
exported. Nearly all the lime exported from 
Maine is shipped at this port. 

THOMPSON, t. Windham co. Ct. in NE. 
corner of the state, 46 m. ENE. from Hart- 
ford, 51 SW. from Boston. Pop. 3,388. 

THOMPSON, t Sullivan co. N. Y. 38 m. 
W. from Newburgh. Pop. 2,459. It is wa- 
tered by the Neversink, and contains the vil- 
lages of Thompson, Monticello, and Bridge- 
ville. The county buildings are at Monti- 
cello. 

THOMPSON, t. Delaware co. Ohio, W. 
from Scioto river. Pop. 324. 

THOMPSON, one of the eastern towns of 
Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 737. 

THOMPSON'S CREEK, r. N. America, 
runs into the Missouri, 148 m. below the Great 
Falls. 

THOMPSON'S CREEK, r. S. C. runs SE. 
into the Great Pedee, below Chatham. 

THOMPSON'S CREEK, r. Mississippi, 
runs into the Mississippi, lat. 30° 59' N. 

THOMPSONSVILLE, v. Culpeper co. Va. 
90 m. SW. from W. 

THOMPSONVILLE, v. Chesterfield dis- 
trict, S. C. 57 m. NE. from Columbia. 

THORNDIKE, t. Waldo co. Me. Pop. 653. 

THORNSBURG, t. Spotsylvania co. Va. on 
the Mattapony, 18 m. S. from Fredericksburg. 

THORNTON, t. Grafton co. N. H. 11 m. 
N. from Plymouth, 54 N. from Concord. Pop. 
1,049. 

THORNTON'S GAP, v. Culpeper co. Va. 

THORNTON'S RIVER, SW. branch of 
the Rappahannock, rising in the Blue Ridge 
near Thornton's Gap, and flowing nearly E. 
through Culpeper co. Va. into the Rappahan- 
nock. 

THORNVILLE, v. in the NW. angle of 



Perry co. Ohio, 35 m. a little S. of E. from 

Columbus. 

THREE CREEK RUN, r. Va. runs into 
the Nottaway. 

THREE RUNS, Lower, v. Barnwell dis- 
trict, S. C. 

THREE SISTERS, three small islands, on 
W. side of Chesapeake Bay, N. of Parker's 
Island. 

THUNDER BAY, 9 m. broad, at the NW. 
corner of Lake Huron, in N. America. It 
j receives this name from the supposed contin- 
ual thunder that is heard there. 

TICKFAH, r. rises in Mississippi, enters 
Louisiana, and flows into Lake Maurepas, 4 
m. NE. of the mouth of the Amite. 

TICONDEROGA, t. Essex co. N.Y. o 
j W. side of the S. end of Lake Champlain, and 
! at the N. end of Lake George, 12 m. S. from 
j Crown Point, 95 N. from Albany. Pop. 1,996. 
] A valuable mine of iron ore is found in this 
(township. Ticonderoga Fort, famous in the 
'history of American wars, is situated on an 
j eminence in this township, on W. shore of 
Lake Champlain, just north of the entrance of 
j the outlet from Lake George into Lake Cham- 
; plain, 15 m. S. from Crown Point, 24 N. from 
Whitehall. It is now in ruins. 

TIFFIN, t. Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 1,570. 

TIGER'S VALLEY, v. Harrison co. Ohio, 
16 m. from Clarksburg. 

TILGHMAN'S ISLAND, in the Chesa- 
peake, Md. at the mouth of the Choptank, con- 
taining about 1,720 acres. 

TIMBALIER, bay at the mouth of La- 
fourche, in Louisiana. This bay is about 30 
m. in length, and from 3 to 8 wide. The ad- 
jacent island and shores are low grassy or 
sandy flats. 

TINKER'S CREEK, r. Ohio, runs into the 
Cuyahoga, 12 m. above Cleveland. 

TINKER'S ISLAND, one of the Eliza- 
beth Islands, near the coast of Massachusetts, 
3 m. long, 1^ broad. 

TINLEYSVILLE, v. Goochland co. Va. 
45 m. WNW. from Richmond. 

TINMOUTH, t. Rutland co. Vt. watered by 
the Otter creek, 10 m. S. from Rutland, 40 m 
W. from Windsor. Pop. 1,049. 

TIOGA, r. rises in Pennsylvania, runs N. 
enters New York, turns to the E. and joins the 
Susquehannah in Pa. 3 m. S. of N. Y. lino. 
It is navigable for boats 50 m. 

TIOGA, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Tomp- 
kins co. E. by Broome co. S. by Pennsylvania, 
and W. by Steuben co. Pod 27,704. Chief 
towns, Elmira and Owego. 

TIOGA, co. N. side of Pa. bounded N. by 
New York, E. by Ontario co. S. by Lycoming 
co. and W. by Potter co. Pop. 9,062. Chief 
town, Wellsborough. 

TIPPECANOE, r. In. joins the Wabash, 
about 420 m. from its mouth Length about 
170 m. It is rendered famous for a battle be- 
tween the Americans and Indians, in Novem 
ber, 1811. 

TIPTON, co. Ten, Pop. 5,317. Chief town, 
Covington. 



420 



TIP— TRA 



TIPTON, C. H. and t. Tipton co. Ten. 240 
m. from Murfreesborough. 

TISBURY, t. Duke's co. Mass. on N. side 
of Martha's Vineyard, 8 m. W. from Edgars- 
town, 85 S. from Boston. Pop. including the 
Elizabeth Islands, 1,318. 

TIVERTON, t. Newport co. R. I. 8 m. 
NNE. from Newport, 54 S. from Boston. Pop. 
2,905. It is on the main land, opposite to 
Portsmouth, with which it is connected by a 
bridge. 

TOBAGO, the most southward of the isl- 
ands of the West Indies, and the most east- 
ward, except Barbadoes. It is 32 m. long, and 
9 broad; 120 m. S. of Barbadoes. Lon. 59° 
W.; lat. 11° 10' N. 

TOBAGO LITTLE, island near the NE. 
extremity of Tobago, in the West Indies, 2 m. 
long, and 1 broad. 

TOBY'S CREEK, r. Pa. runs into the Al- 
leghany, 20 m. below Franklin. It is about 
55 m. long, and is navigable for bateaux 
through a great part of its course. It is con- 
nected with the western branch of the Susque- 
hannah by a short portage. 

TOCKOA FALLS, Franklin co. Geo. It 
is in a branch of the Tugaloo river. The fall 
near 200 feet. 

TODD, co. Ken. bounded by Robertson 
co. Ten. S. Christian W. Muhlenburg N. and 
Logan E. Length 30 m. mean width 15. 
Chief town, Elkton. Pop. in 1820, 5,089 ; in 
1830, 8,801. 

TODD'S FORK, r. Ohio, joins the Little 
Miami, 5 m. above Deerfield. 

TOGOSOHATCHIE CREEK, branch of 
the Oakmulgee river, in Georgia. 

TOLLAND, t. Hampden co. Mass. 20 m. 
WSW. from Springfield, 110 WSW. from 
Boston. Pop. 724. 

TOLLAND, co. Ct. bounded N. by Massa- 
chusetts, E. and SE. by Windham co. SW. by 
Middlesex co. and W. by Hartford co. Pop. 
18,700. Chief town, Tolland. 

TOLLAND, t. and cap. Tolland co. Ct. 17 
m. NE. from Hartford, 83 WSW. from Boston, 
352 from W. Pop. 1,698. It contains a court- 
house, a jail, an academy, and a Congregation- 
al meeting-house. 

TOMBIGBEE, r. Alabama, rises within a 
few miles of the Muscle Shoals, flows souther- 
ly near the line between the states of Missis- 
sippi and Alabama, joins the Alabama 45 m. 
above the head of Mobile Bay, and 75 above 
the Gulf of Mexico, to form the river Mobile. 
It is navigable for large vessels to Fort Stod- 
dert, 44 m. and at some seasons to St. Stephens. 
It is about 450 rn. long, and navigable for 
boats the greater part of its course. 

TOMBSTONE, v. Bertie co. N. C. 291 m. 
from W. 

TOMHANNOCK, v. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 
19 m. from Albany. 

TOMPKINS, co. N. Y. from a part of the 
cos. of Seneca and Cayuga, bounded N. by 
Seneca and Cayuga cos. E. by Cortlandt co. 
S. by Tioga co. and W. by Seneca Lake. Chief 
town, Ithaca. Pop. 36,545. 

TOMPKINS, t. Del. co. N. Y. on the Del- 



aware, 27 m. SW. from Delhi, 100 SW. from 
Albany. Pop. 1,774. 

TOMPKIN'S HILL, on Staten Island, in 
N. Y. 307 feet high. 

TOM'S CREEK, r. N. J. runs between Do- 
ver and Shrewsbury. 

TONGUE, r. N. America, runs N. into the 
Yellow-stone. 

TONNEWANTA, r. N. Y. runs into the 
Niagara, opposite Grand Isle, 10 m. N. from 
Black Rock. Length 90 m. It is navigable 
for boats 30 m. 

TOPSFIELD, t. Essex co. Mass. 8 m.NNW. 
from Salem, 20 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,011. 

TOPSHAM, t. Orange co. Vt. 12 rn. W. 
from Newbury, 25 ENE. from Montpelier. 
Pop. 1,384. 

TOPSHAM, t. Lincoln co. Me. on N. side 
of the Androscoggin, opposite Brunswick, 19 
m. W. from Wiscasset, 140 NE. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,564. It is a considerable town. Mag- 
netic oxide of iron and crystallized quartz arc 
found here. 

TORRINGFORD, v. Litchfield co. Ct. 

TORRINGTON, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 7 m. 
N. from Litchfield, 339 from W. Pop. 1,654. 

TORTOLA, principal of the Virgin Islands, 
in the West Indies, 18 m. long, and 7 broad, 
In this island almost all the trade is carried 
on ; it is near 5 rn. long, and 2 broad, but badly 
watered, and reckoned unhealthy. They cul- 
tivate cotton here, which is much esteemed by 
the manufacturers, likewise rum and sugar; 
it has of late years undergone great improve- 
ments. The entrance into the harbor is at the 
E. end of the island. Lon. 63° W. ; lat. 18° 
33' N. 

TORTUE, r. N. America, runs into the 
Wabash. Lon. 87° 55' W. ; lat. 39° 30' N. 

TORTUES, r. La. runs into the Missouri. 
Lon. 94° 24' W. ; lat. 38° 26' N. 

TORTUGA, isl. of the West Indies, near 
the N. coast of the island of Hispaniola. It' 
is about 80 m. in circumference, and has a 
safe harbor, but difficult of access. Lon. 75° 
10' W.; lat. 20° 10' N. 

TOSQUIATOSSY CREEK, one of the 
head branches of the Alleghany river. 

TOWAHNAHIOOKS, r. N. America, runs 
NW. into the Columbia, 275 miles from its 
mouth. 

TOWAMENSING, v. Northampton co.Pa. 
on the Lehigh, 7 m. from Berlinsville. 

TOWANDA, t. and cap. Bradford co. Pa. 
on the W. bank of the N. branch of Susquehan 
nah river. The borough is called Meansvill© 
on all the maps. The township of Towanda 
contains 986 inhabitants. 

TOWER HILL, name of a hill and village 
in S. Kingston, R. I. 

TOWNSEND, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 44 
m. NW. from Boston, 480 from W. Pop. 1,506. 

TOWNSEND, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 202. 

TOWNSEND, t. Sandusky co. Ohio. Pop. 
196. 

TOWNSHEND, t. Windham co. Vt. 40 m. 
SSW. from Windsor. Pop. 1,386. 

TRACY'S LANDING, v. Ann-Arundel oo. 
Md. 



TRA— TRO 



421 



TRANSYLVANIA, v. Jefferson co. Ken. 
on Ohio river, on the point above the mouth 
of Harod's creek, 8 m. above Louisville. 

TRAP, v. Montgomery co. Pa. 27 m. NW. 
from Philadelphia. 

TRAP, v. Frederick co. Md. 7 m. SW. from 
Frederickstown. 

TRAPPE, t. Talbot co. Md. 6 m. ESE. from 
Oxford. 

TRAVELLER'S REPOSE, v. Greenbrier 
co. Va. 

TRAVELLER'S REST, v. Greenville dis- 
trict, S. C. 

TRAVERSE BAY, bay on E. side of Lake 
Michigan. Lon. 85° W. ; lat. 44° 45' N. 

TRAVERSE ISLANDS, chain of islands 
at E. end of Noquet's Ba} T , in Lake Michigan, 
on one of the largest of which is a town of Ot- 
tovvay Indians. 

TREADHAVEN, r. Md. passes by Easton, 
flows SW. and runs into the Choptank, E. of 
Benoni's Point. 

TREMAIN, v. in Ulysses, N. Y. 11 m. NW. 
from Ithaca. 

TRENCHE'S ISLAND, or Hilton Head, 
isl. near the coast of S. Carolina, 25 m. long. 
Lon. 80° 68' W. ; lat. 32 3 13' N. 

TRENT, r. N. C. runs into the Neuse, at 
Newbern. 

TRENTON, t. Hancock co. Me. at the 
mouth of the Union river, 30 m. NE. from 
Castine, 275 NE. from Boston. Pop. 795. 

TRENTON, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 12 m. N. 
from Utica, 406 from W. Pop. 3,221. 

TRENTON, the metropolis of N. J. in 
Hunterdon co. on E. bank of the Delaware, 
opposite the falls, 10 m. SW. from Princeton, 
26 SW. from New Brunswick, 30 NE. from 
Philadelphia, 60 SW. from N. Y. 166 from W. 
Lon. 75° 48' W. ; lat. 40 3 13' N. Pop. 3,925. 
It is a handsome and flourishing town, pleas- 
antly situated, and incorporated with city 
privileges. It contains a handsome state-house, 
a jail, a bank, an academy, and several exten- 
sive cotton manufactories. In the town, and 
Lamberton, which joins it on the S. there are 
6 churches. Many of the buildings are very 
spacious in size, and of splendid workmanship. 
The river is navigable as far as here for sloops. 
Above the falls, it is navigated by boats car- 
rying from 20 to 25 tons. At the foot of the 
falls theie is an elegant covered bridge across 
the river. 

TRENTON, t. and cap. Jones co. N. C. on 
the Trent, 20 m. W. from Newbern, 81 NNE. 
from Wilmington, 357 from W. It contains 
a court-house and a jail. 

TRENTON, Neio, t. Franklin co. In. 

TRENTON, v. Todd co. Ken. 209 m. SW. 
from Frankfort. Pop. 178. 

TRENTON, v. Butler co. Ohio. 98 m. SW. 
by W. from Columbus. 

TRENTON FALLS, m the West Canada 
creek, Oneida co. N. Y. in the vicinity of the 
village of Trenton. The creek, which is about 
40 yards in width, has several beautiful cas- 
cades within the distance of half a mile. The 
greatest is about 46 feet perpendicular, and the 
scenery around is of the most sublime and im- 



posing character. Visitors resort here in great 
numbers, and tourists from the south com 
monly take these falls in their route. 

TRIADELPJJIA, v. Montgomery co. Md. 

TRIANA, v. Madison co. Al. on Tennessee 
river, at the mouth of Indian Creek, 18 m. 
SW. from Huntsville. 

TRIGG, co. Ken. bounded by Tennessee 
SE. Tennessee river SW. Livingston co. NW. 
and Caldwell and Christian NE. Length 45 
m. mean width 10. Cumberland river runs 
through this co. Pop. in 1620, 3,874 ; in 1830, 
5,88.9. Chief town, Cadiz. 

TRINITY, r. Texas, has a southerly course 
of about 300 m. and flows into the bay of Gal- 
veston. 

TROIS RIVIERES, t. of U. C. on the r, 
St. Lawrence, 35 m. SW. of Quebec. 

TROUPSBURG, t. in the SW. angle of Steu- 
ben co. N. Y. 30 m. SE. from Angelica, 35 m. 
SSW. from Bath, and 305 SW. by W. from 
Albany. Pop. 666. 

TROUPSVILLE, v. Sodus, N. York, 30 m. 
NE. from Canandaigua, 212 W. from Albany. 
It is eligibly situated on Great Sodus Bay, and 
is a place of some trade. 

TROUT RUN, branch of Lycoming creek, 
Pa. 15 m. N. from Williamsport, and 117 m. a 
little W. of N. from Harrisburg. 

TROY, t. Orleans co. Vt. 60 m. N. from 
Montpelier. Pop. 608. 

TROY, Bristol co. Mass. on E. side of Taun- 
ton river, 16 m. S. from Taunton 48 S. from 
Boston. Pop. 4,159. 

TROY, city and cap. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 
on E. bank of the Hudson, 3 m. S. from Lan- 
singburg, 6 N. from Albany, 166 N. from N. Y. 
383 from W. Pop. in 1820, 5,230 ; in 1830, 
11,405. It is finely situated, and is a well- 
built and flourishing town. It contains a 
court-house, a jail, a market-house, 3 banks, a 
public library, a Lancasterian school, and 6 
houses of public worship, for Presbyterian s,Epis- 
copalians, Baptists, Methodists, and Friends. 
Troy is favorably situated for a great manu- 
facturing town. In point of wealth and trade, 
it ranks the fourth town in New York. The 
Hudson is navigable for sloops to this place. 
The state of Massachusetts has surveyed a 
canal route to this place. A rail-road over the 
same route has also been in contemplation- 
The Van Rensselaer school in this city has ac- 
quired a high reputation. The students deliver 
mutual lectures, and make extensive excur- 
sions, with a view to personal inspection of the 
objects of their studies in the natural sciences. 
Any person over 18, certifying that his acqui- 
sitions are of a certain extent, and that he is 
of good moral character, can obtain a gratui- 
tous education. An academy for young ladies, 
conducted by Mrs. Willard, has also obtained 
great reputation, and has more than 200 pupils. 
In the vicinity are many fine mill-seats. On 
Poesten's Kill, which flows into the Hudson at 
the lower end of the city, there are several 
flour-mills, an oil-mill, and a distillery ; and on 
Wynant's Kill, which runs into the Hudson 2 
m. lower down, there are also several flour-mills, 
a paper-mill, 2 cotton manufactories, 1 woollen 



422 



TRO— TWI 



manufactory, a gun manufactory, a shovel 
manufactory, and 2 nail manufactories. These 
streams afford some of the finest mill-scats in 
the country. 

TROY, v. and seat of justice, Obion co. 
Ten. 147 m. NW. by W. from Murireesbo- 
rough, 8G3 from W. 

TROY, v. Athens co. Ohio, on the Ohio, at 
the junction of the Hocking - , 25 miles below 
Marietta. 

TROY, t. and cap. Miami co. Ohio, on the 
Great Miami, 21 tn. N. from Dayton, 66 W. 
from Columbus, 72 N. from Cincinnati, 474 
from W. Pop. 504. 

TROY, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 368. 

TROY, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 987. 

TROY, t. Perry co. In. on the Ohio, about 
55 m. WSW. from Corydon. 

TRUMANSBURG, v. Seneca co. N. Y. 

TRUMBULL, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 6 m. NW. 
from Stratford, 17 VV. from New Haven. Pop. 
1,238. 

TRUMBULL, co. Ohio, bounded by Mercer 
co. Pa. E. Columbiana S. Portage and Geauga 
W. and N. by Ashtabula. Length 35 m. mean 
width 25. Chief town, Warren. Pop. in 1820, 
15,546 ; in 1830, 28,154. 

TRURO, t. Barnstable co. Mass. 40 m. NE. 
from Barnstable, 107 SE. from Boston. Pop. 
1,549. It extends across the peninsula of Cape 
Cod, and lies between Provincetown and Well- 
fleet. 

TRURO, t. Franklin co. Ohio. Pop. 688. 

TRUXTON, t. Cortlandt co. N. Y. 14 m. 
NE. from Homer, 142 W. from Albany. Pop. 
3,888. 

TRYON MOUNTAINS, mts. N. C, W. of 
Salisbury, bordering on Tennessee. 

TUCKER'S ISLAND, small isl. near the 
Coast cf S> C. Lon. 80° 16' W. ; lat. 32° 36' N. 

TUCKERSVILLE, v. Wayne co. Geo. 

TUCKERSVILLE, v. Crawford co. In. 126 
m. a little W. of S. from Indianapolis. 

TUCKERTON, v. Burlington co. N. J. near 
S. end of Little Egghavbor Bay. 

TUFTONBOROUGH, t. Strafford co. N.H. 
<on E. side of Lake Winnipiseogee, 50 m. NNE. 
from Concord, 53 NNW. from Portsmouth. 
Pop. 1,375. 

TUGELOO, r. Geo. one of the branches of 
ilhe river Savannah, joins the Keowee 48 m. 
NW. from Petersburg. 

TULLIS CREEK, r. Va, runs into the Po- 
tomac, lon. 78° 2' VV. ; lat. 39° 33' N. 

TULLY, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. 14 m. S. 
from Onondaga, 50 SW. from Utica. Pop. 
1,640. 

TULLYTOWN, v. Greenville district, S. C 
"98 rn. NW. from Columbus. 

TULPEHOCKEN, r. Pa. runs E. into the 
Schuylkill, just above Reading. It rises near 
the sources of the Quitipahilla, a branch of the 
Swatara. 

TUNBRIDGE, t. Orange co. Vt. 32 m. S. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 1,920. 

TUNKHANNOCK CREEK, r. Pa. runs 
SW. into the E. branch of the Susquehannah, 
about 35 m. above Wilkesbarre. 

TUNKHANNOCK, v. Luzerne co. Pa. 



TURIN, t. Lewis co. N. Y. on Black river, 
20 m. N. from Rome, 143 NW. from Albany. 
Pop. 1,561. 

TURKEY CREEK, r. S.C. runs into Reedy 
river. 

TURKEY FOOT, v. Somerset co. Pa. 

TURKEY HILL, t. St. Clair co. II. 

TURKEY POINT, cape on the coast of 
Md. at the mouth of the Susquehannah, where 
it takes the name of Chesapeake, 16 m. S. from 
Elkton. Here the British army landed in Au- 
gust, 1777, as they were advancing to Phila- 
delphia. 

TURNER, t. Oxford co. Me. on the An- 
droscoggin, 18 m. ENE. from Paris, 155 NNE. 
from Boston. Pop. 2,218. 

TURNERSVILLE, v. Robertson co. Ten. 
72 m. NW. from Murfreesborough. 

TURNPIKE, v. Greenville co. S. C. 

TURTLE CREEK, r. Pa. runs into the 
Monongahela, in Alleghany co. At the head 
of this creek Gen. Braddock was killed, in 
1755. 

TURTLE CREEK, t. Warren co. Ohio. 
Pop. 4,143. 

TURTLE CREEK, t. Shelby co. Ohio, con- 
taining the village of Sydney. Pop. 296. 

TURTLE INLET, channel between two 
small islands on the coast of N. J. Lon. 74° 
47' W. ; lat 39° 2' N. 

TURTLE RIVER, r. Geo. runs into the 
sea, lon. 71° 40' W. ; lat. 31° 12' N. 

TUSCALOOSA, co. Al. bounded S. by Perry 
and Greene, W. by Pickins, N. by Jefferson, 
and E. by Shelby and Bibb. Length 40 m. 
mean width 30. Tuscaloosa river crosses this 
co. from N. to S. Chief town, Tuscaloosa. Pop. 
in 1820, 8,229 ; in 1830, 13,646. 

TUSCALOOSA, v. and seat of justice, Tus- 
caloosa co. Al. and also seat of government in 
that state, is situated on the bank of Tusca- 
loosa river, about 60 m. above its mouth, 120 
SSW. from Huntsville, and 200 a little E. of 
N. from Mobile. 

TUSCARAWAS, name frequently applied 
to the main branch of the Muskingum, above 
Coshocton. 

TUSCARAWAS, co. Ohio, bounded N. by 
Stark, E. by Harrison, S. by Harrison and 
Guernsey, and W. by Coshocton cos. It is 30 
m. by 29 in extent. Chief town, New Phila- 
delphia. Pop. in 1820, 8,328 ; in 1830, 14,298. 

TUSCARAWAS, small v. on the W. bank 
of the Tuscarawas river, and in the co. of the 
same name, Ohio, 9 m. southerly from New 
Philadelphia. 

TUSCARAWAS, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,524. 

TUSCARORA CREEK, r. Pa. runs into 
the Juniatta, 12 m. SE. from Lewistown. 

TUSCARORA VALLEY, v. Mifflin co. Pa. 

TUSCUMBIA, v. Franklin co. Al. 249 m. 
NNW. from Cahawba. 

TWELVE ISLES, or Twelve Apostles, 
islands on the S. side of Lake Superior. 

TWELVE MILE CREEK, r. S. C. runs 
into the Saluda. 

TWIGGS, co. Geo. bounded W. by the Oak- 
mulgee river or Monroe co. Jones co. NW. 



TWI—UNI 



423 



Wilkinson NE. and Pulaski SE. Length 27 m. 
mean width 15. Chief town, Marion. Pop. in 
1820, 10,447; in 1830, 8,029. 

TWIN, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 1,228. 

TWIN, t. Ross co. Ohio. Pop. 1,893. 

TWIN, t. Darke co. Ohio. Pop. 590. 

TWO LICK CREEK, r. Indiana co. Pa. 
runs S. into the Conemaugh. 

TYBEE, isl. near the coast of Geo. at the 
mouth of the Savannah. A light-house, 80 feet 
high, stands on this island, in Ion. 81° 10' W.; 
lat. 32° N. 

TYE, r. Va. runs into James river. 

TVEMOCHTEE, r. Ohio, runs into the 
Sandusky, 12 m. below Upper Sandusky. 

TYG ART'S VALLEY RIVER, r. Va. 
flows through Randolph co. and unites with 
Buchanan river. 

TYGER, r. S. C. runs SE. and unites with 
Broad river, 5 m. above the Enoree. 

TYGER'S CREEK, r. La. runs into the 
Missouri, 276 m. W. of the Mississippi. 

TYGER'S CREEK, r. Ken. runs into the 
Ohio, Ion. 83° W. ; lat. 38° 22' N. 

TYNGSBOROUGH, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 
on W. side of the Merrimack, and NW. side of 
Chelmsford ; 28 rn. NW. from Boston. Large 
quantities of beautiful stone for building, are 
obtained in this town and Chelmsford, and con- 
veyed down the Middlesex canal to Boston. 

TYONISTA, r. Pa. runs into the Alleghany, 
Ion. 73° 30' W. ; lat. 41° 29' N. 

TYR1NGHAM, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 14 
m. SSE. from Lenox, 116 W. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,351. 

TYRREL, co. E. side of N.C. Pop. 4,732. 
Chief town, Columbia. 

U. 

ULSTER, t. Bradford co. Pa. on the right 
side of the Susquehannah river, above Towan- 
da. Pop. 383. 

ULSTER, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Greene 
co. E. by the Hudson, S. by Orange co. SW, 
by Sullivan co. and NW. by Delaware co. 
Pop. in 1820, 30,934 ; in 1830, 36,551. Chief 
town, Kingston. 

ULYSSES, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. at S. 
end of Lake Cayuga, 14 m. SE. from Ovid. It 
contains 2 post- villages, Ithaca and Tremain. 
Pop. 3,130. 

UMBAGOG, lake, in N. Hampshire and 
Maine. It is 18 m. long, and, where widest, 
10 broad. Lat. 44° 42' N. It is chiefly in 
Maine : that part belonging to N. Hampshire 
is within the townships of Errol and Cam- 
bridge. 

UMBERSTON CREEK, r. Virginia, runs 
into the Potomac, lat. 39° 35' N. 

UNADILLA, t. Otsego co. N.Y. 34 m. 
SW. from Cooperstown, 100 WSW. from Al- 
bany. Pop. 2,313. It lies on W. side of the 
Susquehannah, and on E. side of the Unadilla. 

UNADILLA, r. N. Y. separates the coun- 
ties of Otsego and Chenango, and runs into the 
Susquehannah, Ion. 75° 58' W. ; lat. 42° 19' N. 

UNDERHILL, t. Chittenden co. Vt. 34 m. 
NW. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,050. 



UNICORN, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 59 m. W. 
from Philadelphia. 

UNION, r. Maine, runs S. into Bluehill 
Bay. 

UNION, t. Lincoln co. Me. 29 m. NE. from 
Wiscasset, 190 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,612. 

UNION, t. Tolland co. Ct. 6 m. E. from 
Stafford. Pop. 711. 

UNION, t. Broome co. N. Y. on the Sus- 
quehannah, 6 m. W. from Chenango Point, 140 
W. from Catskill. Pop. 2,122. 

UNION, v. in Nassau, N.Y. 11 m. SE. 
from Albany. 

UNION, v. in Greenwich, N. 34 m. N. from 
Albany. It contains 2 meeting-houses, and 
an academy. 

UNION, v. Bern, N. Y. 21 ra. N. from 
Albany. 

UNION, v. Peru, N. Y. 150 m. W. from 
Albany. 

UNION, or Uniontown, t. bor. and cap. 
Fayette co. Pa. on the Redstone, 300 m. W. 
from Philadelphia, and 193 from W. Pop. 
2,433. It contains a court-house, a jail, a 
bank, an academy, a printing-office, 2 or 3 
houses of public worship, and in the town and 
vicinity are many mills. 

UNION, co. Pa. bounded by Susquehannah 
river E. Mifflin S. and SW. Centre W. and 
Lycoming N. Length 26 m. mean width 21. 
Chief town, New Berlin. Pop. in 1820, 18,619 , 
in 1830, 20,749. 

UNION, v. and seat of justice, Union dis- 
trict, S. C. 60 m. NNW. from Columbia. 

UNION, co. Ohio, bounded by Delaware E. 
Madison and Champaign S. Logan W. and 
Hardin and Marion N. Length 27 rn. breadth 
17. Soil generally fertile. Chief town, Marys- 
ville. Pop. in 1820, 1,996 ; in 1830, 3,192. 

UNION, co. Ken. bounded by Ohio river W. 
and NW. Henderson co. NE. Hopkins SE. 
and Livingston co. SW. Length 30 m. mean 
width 16. This co. lies opposite to the mouth 
of Wabash river. Chief town, Morganfield. 
Pop. in 1820, 3,470 ; in 1830, 4,435. 

UNION, co. II. bounded by the Mississippi 
river W. Jackson and Franklin cos. N. and 
Johnson E. Length 24 m. breadth 18. Chief 
towns, Hamburg and Jonesborough. Pop. in 
1890, 2,362; in 1830, 3,239. 

UNION, district, S. C. bounded by Broad 
river, or York, Chester, and Fairfield districts 
E. Enoree river, or Newberry and Laurens 
districts SW. and Spartanburg W. and NW. 
Length 45 m. mean width 15. Chief town, 
Union. 

UNION, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,370, 

UNION, t. Mifflin co. Pa. Pop. 1,799. 

UNION, t. Loudon co. Va. 58 m. from W. 

UNION, or Shakerstown, t. Warren co. 
Ohio, 4 m. W. from Lebanon. It is a pleasant 
settlement of Shakers. 

UNION, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 851. 

UNION, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 1,439. 

UNION, t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 1,469. 

UNION, t. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. 1,578. 

UNION, t. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 836. 

UNION, v. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 139. 



424 



UNI— VAS 



UNION, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 957 
UNION, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop, 
1 337. 

' UNION, t. Ross co. Ohio. Pop. 2,654. 

UNION, t. Scioto co. Ohio. Pop. 674. 

UNION, t. and cap. Monroe co. Va. 17 m. 
S. from Lewisburg, about 45 m. W. by N. from 
Fincastle, 267 from W. 

UNION BRIDGE, v. Frederick co. Md. > i 
m. from W. 

UNION MILLS, v. Frederick co. Md 74 
ni. from W. 

UNION MILLS, v. Fluvanna co. Va. on the 
Rivanna. 

UNION SPRINGS, v. in Aurelius, N. Y. 
UNIONTOWN, t. Frederick co. Md. 66 m. 
from W. 

UNIONTOWN, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. 

UNIONVILLE, t. and cap. Union district, 
S. C. 75 m. N. from Columbia, 467 from W. 

UNITIA, v. Blount co. Ten. 190 m. east- 
ward from Murfreesborough. 

UNITY, t. Waldo co. Me. 30 m. NNE. 
from Augusta, 196 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 
1 299. 

' UNITY, t. Sullivan co. N. H. 9 m. NE. 
from Charlestown, 93 NW. from Boston. Pop. 
1,258. 

UNITY, t. Montgomery co. Md. 30 m. N. 
from W. 

UNITY, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,757. 

UPPER, t. Scioto co. Ohio. Pop. 674. 

UPPER SANDUSKY, v. Crawford co. 
Ohio, on Sandusky river, about 80 m. a little 
W. of N. from Columbus. Lat. 40° 49' N. 

UPPER THREE RUNS, v. Barnwell dis- 
trict, S. C. 

UPPERVILLE, v. Loudon co. Va. 52 m. 
from W. 

UPSON, co. Geo. in the NW. part of the 
state. Pop. 7,013. 

UPTON, Worcester co. Mass. 14 m. SE. 
from Worcester, 38 SW. from Boston. Pop. 
1,157. 

URBANNA,t. and cap. Champaign co.Ohio, 
34 m. NE. from Dayton, 44 W. by N. from 
Columbus, 447 from W. Lon. 83° 43' W. ; 
lat. 40° 3' N. It is a flourishing town, and 
contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, 
a bank, a Methodist meeting-house, and a 
printing-office. It is situated in a fertile tract 
of country. Pop. 2,354. 

URBANNA, t. Middlesex co. Va. on SW. 
side of the Rappahannock, 60 m. ENE. from 
Richmond. 

URBANNA, v, Steuben co. N.Y. 225 m. 
W. from Albany. 

USTAYANTHQ, lake, N. Y. from which 
the river Delaware takes its rise. 

UTICA, v. Clarke co. In. on Ohio river, 
opposite Transylvania, in Jefferson co. Ken. 

UTICA, city, Oneida co. N. Y. on S. bank 
of the Mohawk, 4 m. SE. from Whitesborough, 
14 ESE. from Rome, 93 W. by N. from Alba- 
ny, 392 from W. Lon. 75° 13' W. ; lat. 43° 
6' N. It is pleasantly situated, handsomely 
laid out, and well built, and contains 8 houses 
of public worship, for Presbyterians, Episcopa- 



lians, Scotch Presbyterians, Methodists, and 
Baptists ; an academy, a free-school, a court- 
house, a bank, an insurance office, several 
manufactories, and has an extensive trade. It 
is situated in a fertile country, is a wealthy 
and flourishing town, and the commercial capi- 
tal of the western part of the state. It is a 
noted point of union for arriving and depart- 
ing stages. This town has gained its import- 
ance by being favorably situated in regard to 
commerce and agricultural wealth. Pop. in 
1820, 2,972; in 1830, 8,323, having almost 
tripled its population since the last census. 
The U. States district court is held here. 

UTRECHT, or New Utrecht, t. Kings co. 
N. Y. on W. end of Long Island, on E. side 
of the Narrows, 9 m. S. from New York. Pop. 
1,217. 

UXBRIDGE, t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m. 
SSE. from Worcester, 40 SW. from Boston. 
Pop. 2,086. It borders on Rhode Island, and 
is watered by Blackstone, Mumford, and West 
rivers. It is a pleasant and considerable agri- 
cultural town, and contains valuable mills, and 
some manufacturing establishments. 



VALLEY CREEK, r. Pa. runs into the 
Schuylkill. Lat. 40° 7' N. 

VALLEY FORGE, place in Pa. near the 
union of Valley Creek with the Schuylkill, 15 
m. NW. from Philadelphia. 

VALONI A, t. Jackson co. Indiana, 64 m. S. 
from Indianapolis. 

VANCEBURG, v. Lewis co. Ken. 99 m. 
from Frankfort. Pop. 93. 

VANCOUVER'S FORT, Ken. at the union 
of the two branches of Sandy river. 

VANDALIA, t. Fayette co. II. 55 m. from 
St. Louis. Vandalia has been selected as the 
political metropolis of this state. It is pleas- 
antly situated on a high bank of the Kaskas- 
kia river, in the centre of a rich and thriving 
country. It was founded but a few years since. 
But respectable houses for the accommodation 
of the government and the courts have already 
been erected. Many handsome brick build- 
ings have arisen. A weekly gazette is issued, 
and it exhibits the aspect of a respectable vil- 
lage, having from 80 to 100 houses. Lon. 
from W. 12° 1' W. ; lat. 39° 5' N. 

VANDERBURGH, co. In. bounded by the 
Ohio river S. Posey W. and N. and Warrick E. 
Length 20 m. mean width 12. It is drained 
by Big Pigeon creek. Pop. 2,610. Chief 
town, Evansville. 

VANGEVILLE, t. Ken. on the Ohio river, 
at the mouth of Salt Lick creek, 36 m. above 
Maysville. It has some salt-works. 

VANSVILLE, t. Prince George co. Md. 14 
m. from W. Lat. 39° 2' N. 

VANWERT, co. in the NW. part of Ohio, 
bounded by Paulding N. Putnam and Allen E. 
Mercer S. and state of Indiana W. Length 
24 m. width 18. Pop. 432. 

VARENNES, v. Pendleton co. S. C. 143 m. 
NW. from Columbia. 

VARIETY, v. Nelson co. Va. 
VASSALBOROUGH, t. Kennebeck co. Me 



VEA— VEV 



425 



on E. side of the Kennebeck river, opposite 
Sidney, 8 m. N. from Augusta, 180 NNE. from 
Boston. Pop. 2,761. This is a large and val- 
uable agricultural town. 

VEAL TOWN, t. N.J. 14 m. NNW. from 
New Brunswick. 

VENANGO, co. NW. part of Pa. bounded 
N. by Crawford and Warren cos. E. by Jeffer- 
son, S. by Armstrong and Butler, and W. by 
Mercer. Pop. 9,128. Chief town, Franklin. 

VENANGO, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 544. 

VENICE, t. Huron co. Ohio, on S. side of 
Sandusky Bay, 4 m. W. from the new town of 
Sandusky. This town has a good harbor, and 
is flourishing. 

VENICE, v. Cayuga co. N. Y. 20 m, N. from 
Ithaca, and 15 S. from Auburn. 

VENUS, t. and cap. Hancock co. II. 133 m. 
from Vandalia, and 914 from W. 

VERA CRUZ, formerly an intendency, now 
a state of the republic of Mexico. It is a long 
narrow slip, extending on the Gulf of Mexico 
450 m. with a mean width of 60 m. lying be- 
tween lat. 17° and 22° 20' N. In all its great 
line of sea-coast, not one really good harbor 
exists. There are few, if any other regions 
of the world where transition of soil, eleva- 
tion, and vegetable life are more rapid and 
striking. The western part rises on the de- 
clivity of Anahuac. In one day the traveller 
ascends from the parched plains near the Mex- 
ican Gulf, to the region of perpetual snow. 
Staples, vanilla, cocoa, tobacco, cotton, sugar, 
and rice. This intendency contains the two 
great volcanic summits of Orizaba, and Coffre 
de Perote. In it, near Papantla, are found 
very well preserved remains of ancient monu- 
ments. Its cities are Vera Cruz, Xalapa, Pe- 
rote, Cordoba, Orizaba, and Tlacotlalpan. 

VERA CRUZ, city of Mexico, and capital 
of the state of the same name. This city, 
beautiful and wealthy from art, owes nothing 
to nature. It stands on the low, sandy, and 
insalubrious coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The 
harbor, if it ought to be so called, is in some 
measure protected by the small island of St. 
Jean d'Uloa, but is in reality very insecure. 
The winter population of Vera Cruz is about 
17,000, but in summer the yellow fever drives 
the wealthy to Xalapa, and other places of the 
interior. Arid sands environ this city, which 
depends on foreign commerce for its very exist- 
ence. Lat. 1 9° 11' N. ; Ion. from W, 19° 9' W. 

VERA PAZ, province of Guatemala, bound- 
ed on the N. by Jucatan, E. by the bay and 
province of Honduras, S. by Guatemala proper, 
and W. by Chiapa. It is full of mountains 
and forests ; but there are many fertile val- 
leys, which feed a great number of horses and 
mules. There are also many towns and vil- 
lages of the native Americans. The capital, 
of the same name, or Coban, is a bishop's see, 
but is inconsiderable. It is 120 m, NE. from 
Guatemala. Lon. 90° 55' W. ; lat. 15° 30' N. 

VERDIGRIS, r. Miso. joins the Arkansas, 
15 or 20 m. above Canadian river. It is nav- 
igable 150 m. 

VERGENNES, t. Addison co. Vt, on Otter 
ereek, 11 m. below Middlebury, and 20 S, from 
3D 



Burlington. Pop. 999. It is situated on both 
sides of the Otter creek, at the head of navi- 
gation, 6 m. above Basin Harbor at the mouth 
of the river. It is pleasantly situated, and 
contains a woollen manufactory, extensive 
clothiers' works, iron works, 2 large grist- 
mills, and several saw*mills, and has consider- 
able trade. 

VERMILLION, t. Huron co. Ohio, on Lake 
Erie, at the mouth of the Vermillion r. about 
40 rn, W. from Cleveland. 

VERMILLION, r. Ohio, runs into Lake 
Erie, 9 m. E. from Huron river. 

VERMILLION, r. II. runs into the Illinois 
river, 150 m. from the Mississippi. It is rocky 
and not navigable. 

VERMILLION, r. In. flows into the Wa, 
bash, about 40 m. below Ouiatan. 

VERMILLION, r, La. flows into the Gulf 
of Mexico, W. of a bay of the same name. 

VERMILLION, r. La. joins the Arkansas. 

VERMILLION BRIDGE, v. Attakapas dis- 
trict, La. 

VERMILLION POINT, or Cape Towns- 
end, a peninsula in Lake Michigan, which 
separates Green Bay from the other part of 
the lake. It is 23 leagues long, and from 1 to 
3 broad, 

VERMILLION, co, II. on Vermillion of 
Wabash, and N. from Edgar co. It is travers- 
ed by lat. 40° N. 

VERMILLION, C. H. Vermillion co. II. 
about 120 m. NE. from Vandalia, and 100 a 
little N. of W. from Indianapolis, in In. 

VERMILLION, t. Huron co. Ohio, on Ver- 
million river. Pop, 505. 

VERMILLION, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,451. 

VERMONT, one of the U. S. See page 52 

VERNON, t. and seat of justice, Hickman 
co. Ten. on the left bank of Duck river. 

VERNON, t. Tolland co. Ct. 6 m. WSW. 
from Tolland. Pop, 1,164. 

VERNON, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 17 m, W 
from Utica. Pop. 3,045. 

VERNON, t. Sussex co. N. J. 

VERNON, or Smithfield, t. Trumbull co. 
Ohio, 20 m. NE. from Warren. 

VERNON, t. Clinton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,043. 

VERNON, New, v. Morris co. N.J. 

VERNON, t. Jennings co. In. 25 m. NW. 
from Madison. 

VERONA, t. Oneida co. N. Y. on Wood 
creek, and E. of Oneida Lake, 20 m. W. from 
Utica. Pop. 3,739. Great quantities of iron 
ore, and sand suitable for making glass, are 
found in this town, 

VERSAILLES, t. and cap. Woodford co. 
Ken. on the river Kentucky, 12 in. SW. from 
Lexington, 547 from W. Pop. 904. It is a 
handsome and flourishing town, containing a 
bank, and an academy. 

VERSHIRE, t. Orange co. Vt. on E. side of 
Chelsea, 32 m. N. from Windsor. Pop. 1,260 

VESSEL BAY, on E. shore of Lake Cham- 
plain, extending NE. into the township of 
Charlotte. 

VEV AY, t. and cap. Switzerland co, Indiana, 
on the Ohio, 8 m. above the mouth of the Ken, 



426 



VIC— WAB 



tucky river, nearly equidistant from Cincin- 
nati, Louisville, and Lexington, about 45 m. 
from each, and 556 from W. It is pleasantly 
situated, and contains between 2 and 300 
houses, a court-house, jail, academy, printing- 
office, from which issues a weekly journal, a 
branch of the bank of Indiana, and some other 
public buildings. This interesting town was 
commenced in 1804, by 30 Swiss families, to 
whom the United States made a grant, under 
favorable stipulations, of a considerable tract 
of land, to patronize the cultivation of the vine. 
The patriarch of this colony was a Swiss gen- 
tleman, of the name of J. J. Dufour, who con- 
tinued an intelligent friend to the town. The 
colony soon received considerable accessions 
from the mountains of Switzerland. In grate- 
ful remembrance of their native hills, and to 
create in the bosom of their adopted country 
tender associations with their ancient country, 
they named their stream Venoge, and their 
town Vevay. Messrs. Dufour, Morerod, Bet- 
tens, Siebentbal, and others, commenced the 
cultivation of the grape on a large scale. This 
cultivation has gone on steadily increasing. 
A hundred experiments have been since com- 
menced in different points of the west. But 
this still remains the largest vineyard in the 
United States. We have witnessed nothing 
in our country, in the department of garden- 
ing and cultivation, which can compare with 
the richness of this vineyard, in the autumn, 
when the clusters are in maturity. Words 
feebly paint such a spectacle. The horn of 
plenty seems to have been emptied in the pro- 
Juction of this rich fruit. 

VICKSBURGH, v. Fairfield co. Ohio. 

VICKSBURGH, v. Warren co. Mis. about 
60 m. NNE. from Natchez. 

VICTORY, t. N W. part of Cayuga co. N. Y. 
12 m. a little N. of E. from Montezuma. 

VICTORY, t. Essex co. Vt. 55 m. ENE. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 53. 

VIDALIA, v. parish of Concordia, La. on 
the right bank of the Mississippi, directly op- 
posite Natchez. It is a small village in a 
single street, parallel to the river, and within 
the levee. 

VIELLEBOROUGH, v. Caroline co. Va. 71 
m. from W. 

VIENNA, t Kennebeck co. Me. 26 m. NW. 
from Augusta, 661 from W. Pop. 417. 

VIENNA, t. and port of entry, Dorchester 
co. Md. on the Nanticoke, 19 m. SE. from Cam- 
bridge. It contains only about 20 houses. 
The shipping belonging to this port, in 1816, 
amounted to 19,214 tons. 

VIENNA, t. and seat of justice, Johnson co. 
II. 40 m. NE. from the mouth of Ohio r. 167 
from Vandalia, and 817 from W. 

VIENNA, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 910. 

VIENNA, t. Abbeville district, S.C. on the 
Savannah r. 52 m. above Augusta. 

VIENNA, t. Ohio co. Ken. on Green river, 
20 m. WNW. from Hartford. 

VIGO, co. In. bounded by the state of Illi- 
nois W. Parke N. Putnam E. and Sullivan S. 
Length 20 m. mean width 18. Pop. 5,737. 



The chief town, Terre Haute, is situated on 
the left bank of the Wabash, 60 m. by land 

above Vincennes. 

VILLAGE GREEN, v. Delaware co. Pa. 5 
m. W. from Chester, and 20 SW. from Phila- 
delphia. 

VILLAGE HILL, v. Nottaway co. Va. 

VILLAGE SPRINGS, v, Blount co. Al. 181 
m. N. from Cahawba. 

yiLLEPUCHE, v. Miso. on W. side of the 
Mississippi, 19 m. below St. Louis. 

VINALHAVEN, t. Hancock co. Me. 13 m. 
S. from Castine, 210 NE. from Boston. Pop. 
1,794. It is situated on the Fox Islands, in 
Penobscot Bay. 

VINCENNES, t. and cap. Knox co. In. on 
E. bank of the Wabash, 100 m„ from its junc- 
tion with the Ohio, in a direct line, and nearly 
200 m. by the course of the river, 120 W. from 
Louisville, 150 m. NE. from Kaskaskia, and 
693 from W. Lon. 88° 23' W. ; lat. 40° 39' N. 
It has improved rapidly of late, and contains 
300 houses, a brick court-house and hotel, a 
jail, a respectable building for an academy, a 
Roman Catholic and a Presbyterian church, 
land-office, post-office, two printing offices, from 
one of which is issued a respectable gazette, 
a bank, and some other public buildings, and 
1,500 inhabitants. It is situated contiguou3 
to a beautiful prairie, 5,000 acres of which are 
cultivated as a common field, after the ancient 
French custom. It was for a long time the 
seat of the territorial government, and still has 
as much trade as any other place in the state. 
The plat of the town is level, and laid off with 
regularity. The houses have extensive gardens, 
crowded after the French fashion with fruit 
trees. It is accessible, for the greater part of 
the year, by steam-boats, and is a place of ex- 
tensive supply of merchandise to the interior 
of the state. 

VINCENT, t. Chester co. Pa. on SW. side 
of the Schuylkill. Pop. 2,147. 

VINEYARD, t. Grand Isle co. Vt. 34 m. 
N. from Burlington. Pop. 459. 

VINEYARD, New, t. Somerset co. Me. 15 
m. WNW. from Norridgewoek. Pop. 869. 

VINEYARD, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. 

VIRGIL, t. Cortlandt co. N.Y. 10 m. S. 
from Homer, and 155 W. from Albany. Pop. 
3,912. 

VIRGINIA, state of the U. S. See page 91. 

VIRGIN ISLANDS, about 30 islands and 
keys in the West Indies, between St. Juan de 
Puerto Rico and the Leeward Caribbee Islands. 
They are possessed by the English and Danes. 

VOLNEY, t. Oswego co. N.Y. on the Os- 
wego, 50 m. W. from Rome. Pop. 3,629. A 
valuable quarry of stone, of which grind-stones, 
&c. are made, is found at Oswego falls in this 
town. 

VOLUNTOWN, t. Windham co. Ct. 16 m. 
E. from Norwich. Pop. 1,304. 

W. 

WABASH, r. In. waters the middle and 
western part of the state, and flows into the 
Ohio, 30 m. above Cumberland river. It is 



WAB— WAR 



4S7 



upwards of 500 m. long", and is navigable for 
keel-boats 400 m. to Ouiatan, and also for small 
boats to within 8 m. of the Maumee. 

WABASH, Little, r. In. runs SE. into the 
Wabash, a few miles above the Ohio. 

WABISAPENCUN, r. La. runs into the 
Mississippi. Lat. 41° 40' N. 

WACHUSETT, mt. in Princeton, Mass. 
The height of this mountain was measured 
by a barometer, and found to be 2,020 feet 
above the level of the sea. 

WADESBOROUGH, t. and cap. Anson co. 
N. C. 70 m. SSE. from Salisbury, 76 W. from 
Fayetteville. 

WADE'S POINT, cape, on the coast of 
N. 0. Lon. 76° 20' W. ; lat. 36° 7' N. 

WADING RIVER, v. in Riverhead, N. Y. 

WADMELAW, r. S. C. separates the island 
of St. John from the continent. 

WADMELAW, small isl. on the coast of 
S. C. which communicates with St. John's Isl- 
and by means of a bridge. 

WAHNAACHA, r. N. America, runs SE. 
into the Columbia, below Clarke's river. 

WAITSFIELD, t. Washington co. Vt. 18 
m. SW. from Montpelier. Pop. 958. This is 
a valuable agricultural township. 

WAIT'S RIVER, r. Vt runs into the Con- 
necticut, 12 m. below Well's river. 

WAKATOMIKA, r. Ohio, runs SE. and 
joins the Muskingum, 13 m. above Zanesville. 

WAKAYGAGH, or Fort, r. NW. territory, 
runs into Lake Michigan. Lon. 87° 9' W. ; 
lat. 42° 58' N. 

WAKE, co. central part of N. Carolina. 
Pop. 20,417. Chief town, Raleigh. 

WAKEFIELD, t. Strafford co. N. H. 25 m. 
ENE. from Gilmanton, 42 NNW. from Ports- 
mouth. Pop. 1,470. It contains a cotton 
manufactory and an academy. 

WALDEN, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 7 m. NW. 
from Danville, 22 NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 
827. 

WALDOBOROUGH, s-p. Lincoln co. Me. 
22 m. ENE. from Wiscasset, 180 NE. from 
Boston. Pop. 3,113. It is a considerable town. 
The shipping belonging to this port, in 1816, 
amounted to 19,743 tons. 

WALES, t. Lincoln co. Me. Pop. 612. 

WALKERSVILLE, v. Centre co. Pa. 

WALKERSVILLE, v. Lincoln co. Geo. 

WALKERTOWN, t. King and Queen co. 
Va. on the Mattapony, 45 m. NE. from Rich- 
mond. 

WALLABOUT, part of Brooklyn, N. Y. in 
which is a U. S. navy-yard. It lies NE. of the 
village. 

WALLACE, small isl. near the coast of S. 
Carolina. Lon. 78° 35' W. ; lat. 33° 54' N. 

WALLINGFORD, t. Rutland co. Vt. 32 m. 
W. from Windsor. Pop. 1,740. 

WALLINGFORD, t. New Haven co. Ct. 
12 m. NNE. from New Haven. Pop. 2,419. 

WALLKILL, r. rises in New Jersey, runs 
NE. and flows into the Hudson, near Kingston, 
N. Y. It passes through the Drowned Lands. 
Length 80 m. 

WALLKILL, t. Orange co. N. Y. 20 m. 
W. from Newburgh. Pop. 4,056. 



WALNUT, t. Pickaway co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,592. 

WALNUT, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 2,200 
WALNUT BRANCH, v. Fauquier co. Va. 
WALNUT, Big, r. Ohio, rises in Delaware 
co. and joins the Scioto, about 10 m. below Co- 
lumbus. 

WALNUT COVE, v. Campbell co. Ten. 

WALNUT CREEK, r. Ohio, runs into the 
Scioto, 6 m. above Circleville. 

WALNUT CREEK, r. Ohio, runs into the 
Scioto, 10 m. below Chillicothe. 

WALNUT GROVE, v. St. Clair co. II. 

WALNUT GROVE, v. Mercer co. Ken. 

WALNUT HILL, v. Greenville district, S.C. 

WALNUT HILLS, v. and fort, Warren co. 
Miss, on the Mississippi, 12 m. S. of the mouth 
of the Yazoo, 134 m. above Natchez. 

WALPOLE, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 20 m. 
SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,442. 

WALPOLE, t. Cheshire co. N. H. on the 
Connecticut, opposite Westminster, with which 
it is connected by a bridge, 12 m. S. from 
Charlestown, 13 NW. from Keene, 20 N. by 
E. from Brattleborou^h, 60 W. by S. from Con- 
cord, 90 WNW. from Boston. Pop. 1,979. 

WALTHAM, t. Addison co. Vt. 30 m. S. 
from Burling-ton. Pop. 330. 
_ WALTHAM, t. Middlesex co. Mass. on N. 
side of Charles river, which separates it from 
Newton, 10 m. W. from Boston, 34 E. by N. 
from Worcester. Pop. 1,859. It is a pleasant 
town, and contains manufactories of woollen, 
cotton, and paper, which are among the best 
and most extensive establishments of the kind 
in the country. 

WALTON, t. Delaware co. N. Y. on the 
Delaware, 15 m. SW. from Delhi, 85 SW. from 
Albany. Pop. 1,672. 

WALTON, co. West Florida. Pop. 6,092. 
Chief town, Alaqua. 

WALTON, co. Geo. bounded SW. by New- 
ton, W. by Gwinnet, NW. by Hall, NE. by 
Oconee river, or by Jackson and Clarke, and 
SE. by Morgan and Jasper. Length 25, mean 
width 22 m. Chief town, Monroe. Pop. in 
1820, 4,192 ; in 1830, 10,931. 

W ANA SQUI ATUCKET, r. R. I. unites 
with the Moshasick, just above Providence, to 
form Providence river. 

WAPPINGER'S CREEK, v. in Pough- 

WAPPINGER'S CREEK, r. N.Y. runs 
into the Hudson, 8 m. S. from Poughkeepsie. 
Length 33 m. 

WAPPOCOMO, r. Va. runs into the Poto- 
mac, 9 m. ESE. from Fort Cumberland. 

WARD, t. Worcester co. Mass. 5 m. SSW. 
from Worcester, 45 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 
690. 

WARD'S CREEK, r. Md. runs into the 
Chesapeake. Lon. 76° 52' W. ; lat. 38° 8' N. 

WARD'S CREEK, r. Va. runs into James 
river. Lon. 77° 11' W. ; lat. 37° 10' N. 

WARDSBOROUGH, t. Windham co. Vt. 
20 m. NE. from Bennington. Pop. 1,148. 

WARDSBRIDGE, v. Montgomery, Orange 
co. N.Y. 

WARDWELL, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. 



428 



WAR— WAR 



WARE, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 21 m. ESE. 
from Northampton, 70 W. from Boston. Pop. 
2,045. 

WARE, r. Worcester co. Mass. runs SW. 
and unites with the Chicapee, W. fr. Palmef . 

WARE, r. Va. runs into the Chesapeake. 
Lon. 76° 26' W. ; lat. 37° 25' N. 

WAREHAM, t. Plymouth co. Mass. at the 
head of Buzzard's Bay, 17 m. S. from Ply- 
mouth, 54 S. from Boston. Pop. 1,885. It 
contains a cotton manufactory, and a furnace. 

WARMINSTER, t. Amherst co. Va. on 
James river, 90 m. above Richmond. 

WARM SPRING, in Bath co. Va. issues 
in a large stream, sufficient to work a grist- 
mill, and to keep its basin, which is 30 feet in 
diameter, at the vital warmth, viz. 96° of Fah- 
renheit. The waters afford the finest natural 
bath known in America, and are efficacious in 
rheumatism, and some other complaints. Here 
is a post-office. 

WARM SPRING MOUNTAINS, ridge of 
the Alleghany mountains, in Bath and Pendle- 
ton cos. Va. remarkable for warm springs. 

WARM SPRINGS, v. York co. Pa. 

WARM SPRINGS, v. Buncombe co. N. C. 

WARNER, t. Merrimack co. N. H. 17 m. 
WNW. from Concord, 505 from W. Pop. 
2,221. 

WARNER, r. N. H. runs into the Contoo- 
cook, in Hopkinton. 

WARREN, t. Lincoln co. Me. on St. George's 
river, on west side of Thomastown, 30 m. E. 
by N. from Wiscasset, 145 NE. from Boston. 
Pop. 2,030. 

WARREN, t. Washington co. Vt. 20 m. 
SW. from Montpelier. Pop. 766. 

WARREN, t. Grafton co. N. H. 11 m. SE. 
from Haverhill. Pop. 702. 

WARREN, t. Bristol co. R. I. on NE. part 
of Narraganset Bay, 4 m. N. from Bristol, 10 
S. from Providence, 52 SSW. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,800. It is a pleasant town, and con- 
tains a bank, an insurance-office, an academy, 
a printing-office, and 3 houses of public wor- 
ship. It carries on considerable trade with 
the West Indies, and is remarkable for ship- 
building. 

WARREN, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 9 m. W. 
Litchfield. Pop. 985. 

WARREN, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Essex 
co. E. by Washington co. S. by Saratoga co. 
and W. by Hamilton co. It is watered by the 
Hudson and Lake George. Pop. 11,795. Chief 
town, Caldwell. 

WARREN, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 10 m. S. 
from Herkimer, 70 W. from Albany. Pop. 
2,084. Iron ore is found here. 

WARREN, t. Somerset co. N.J. Pop. 1,561. 

WARREN, co. NW. part of Pa. bounded 
N. by New York, E. by M'Kean co. S. by Jef- 
ferson and Venango cos. and W. by Crawford 
and Erie cos. Pop. 9,128. Chief town, Warren. 
It is watered by the Alleghany. 

WARREN, t. and cap. Warren co. Pa. on 
N. side of the Alleghany, and at the junction 
of the Conewango, about 70 m. ESE. from 
Erie, 313 from W. 



WARREN, t. Albemarle co. Va. oil James 
river, 10 m. NE. from Warminster. 

WARREN, co. SW. part of Ohio. Pop, 
21,493. Chief town, Lebanon. 

WARREN, t. and cap. Trumbull co. Ohio, 
on the Mahoning, 40 m. SE. from Painesville, 
77 NW; from Pittsburg, 306 from W. It is a 
flourishing town, and contains the county builds 
ings, a bank, and a printing-office. Pop. 510. 

WARREN, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop* 
2,295. 

WARREN, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, on the 
Ohio. Pop. 1,576. 

WARREN, v. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. 130. 

WARREN, t. Washington co. Ohio. Pop. 
649. 

WARREN, co. N. part of N. C. Pop. 10,916. 
Chief town, Warrenton. 

WARREN, co. Ken. bounded by Allen SE. 
Simpson S. Logan SW. Butler NW. Green r. 
or Grayson and Hart N. and Barren E. Length 
35 m. mean width 20. Big Barren river passes 
through this co. Chief town, Bowling Green. 
Pop. in 1820, 11,776 ; in 1830, 10,947. 

WARREN, co. Ten. bounded by Franklin 
S. Rutherford W. Wilson and Smith NW. 
Caney fork river or White NE. and Bledsoe SE. 
Length 40 m. width 20. Chief town, M'Min- 
ville. Pop. in 1820, 10,348 ; in 1830, 15,351. 

WARREN, co. Mis. bounded by Missis- 
sippi river W. Yazoo river N. Newpurchase 
E. and Big Black river or Claiborne co. S. 
Length 30 m. width 11. Pop. in 1820, 2,693 ; 
in 1830, 7,861. Chief town, Vicksburg. 

WARREN, co. central part of Geo. Pop. 
10,846. Chief town, Warrenton. 

WARRENBURG, t. Warren co. N.Y. on 
Scroon river, 7 m. NW. from Caldwell. 

WARRENBURG, t. Greene co. Ten. 

WARRENTON, t. and cap. Fauquier co. 
Va. 40 m. NNW. from Fredericksburg. It is 
a pleasant and handsome village, and contains 
a court-house, a jail, and 2 houses of public 
worship. 

WARRENTON, t. and cap. Warren co. 
N. C. 16 m. E. by N. from Hillsborough, 56 
NNE. from Raleigh, 84 S. from Petersburg, 
230 from W. It has an elevated, pleasant, and 
healthy situation, and contains a court-house, 
a jail, a Methodist meeting-house, and two 
academies. 

WARRENTON, t. Warren co. Mis. on E 
bank of the Mississippi, about 18 m. below 
Walnut Hills. 

WARRENTON, t. Warren co. Geo. about 
55 m. NNE. from Milledgeville. 

WARRICK, co. In. bounded by Ohio river 
S. Vanderburg and Posey W. Pike and Dubois 
N. and Spencer E. and SE. Length 30 m. 
width 13, area 410 sq. ms. It is drained by 
Big and Little Pigeon, and some other creeks. 
Chief town, Evansville. Lat. 38° 5' N. ; lon. 
from W. 10° 10' W. 

WARSAW, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 20 m. S. 
from Batavia, 260 W. from Albany. Pop. 
2,474. 

WARWICK, v. Cecil co. Md. 9 m. NE. from 
Georgetown. 



WAR — WAS 



429 



WARWICK, t. Franklin co. Mass. 12 m. 
ENE. from Greenfield, 80 WNW. from Bos- 
ton. Pop. 1,150. Glass is manufactured in this 
town. 

WARWICK, t. Kent co. R, I. on west side 
of Providence river, 10 m. S> from Providence. 
Pop. 5,229. 

WARWICK, t. Orange co. N. Y. 10 m. S. 
from Goshen, 54 NW. from New York. Pop. 
5,013. The township is large, and contains 5 
houses for public worship, and an academy, 
and has extensive iron works, 

WARWICK, co. E. part of Va. bounded N. 
by York co. E. by Elizabeth City co. SSW. by 
James river, and W. by James City co. Pop. 
1,570. 

WARWICK, t. Chesterfield co. Va. on SW. 
side of James river, 5 m. below Richmond, 17 
N. from Petersburg. The river is navigable 
to this place for vessels drawing 12 feet of 
water. 

WASHINGTON, co. E. side of Me. bound- 
ed E. by New Brunswick, S. by the Atlantic, 
and W. by Hancock and Penobscot cos. Pop. 
SI, 295. Chief towns, Machias and Eastport. 

WASHINGTON, co. Vt in the central part 
of the state, bounded NE. by Orange and Cal- 
edonia cos. E. by Caledonia co. SE. by Orange 
co. S. by Addison co. and W. by Chittenden co. 
Pop. 21,394. Chief town, Montpelier. 

WASHINGTON, t. Orange co. Vt. 20 m. 
SE. from Montpelier. Pop, 1,374. 

WASHINGTON, t. Sullivan co. N. H. 35 
W. from Concord. Pop. 1,135. 

WASHINGTON, Mount, the highest sum- 
mit of the White Mountains, N. H. See White 
Mountains. 

WASHINGTON, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 8 
m. E. from Lenox, 120 W. from Boston. Pop. 
701. 

WASHINGTON, co. R. I. bounded N. by 
Kent co. E. by Narraganset Bay, S. by the At- 
lantic, and W. by Connecticut. Pop. 15,414. 
Chief town, South Kingston. 

WASHINGTON, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 10 m. 
SW. from Litchfield, 25 N. by E. from Dan- 
bury, 32 NNW. from New Haven. Pop. 1,621. 
It is a considerable town, and contains exten- 
sive iron-works, with slittling-mills, nail facto- 
ries, and various other mills and machinery. 
There are in this town several quarries of ex- 
cellent marble, and 2 mills constantly emplo}'- 
ed in sawing it. A mineral spring, iron ore. 
limestone, ochre, fuller's earth, and white clay, 
are found in this town. 

WASHINGTON, co. N. Y. bounded N. by 
Essex co. E. by Vermont, S. by Rensselaer co. 
and W. by Saratoga and Warren cos. Pop. 
42,615. Chief towns, Sandy Hill and Salem. 

WASHINGTON, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 15 
m. ENE. from Poughkeepsie. Pop. 3,036. Here 
is a respectable Quaker boarding-school. The 
building is 3 stories high, and accommodates 
100 students. 

WASHINGTON, v. in Watervliet, N. Y. 
on W. side of the Hudson, nearly opposite 
Troy, 5 m. N. from Albany. Here is a large 
CJ. S. arsenal. 

WASHINGTON, t. Morris co. N. J. 



Pop. 
Pop. 
Pop. 
Pop. 



WASHINGTON, co. SW. part of Pa. bound- 
ed N. by Beaver co. NE. by Alleghany co. E. 
by Westmoreland and Fayette cos. S. by 
Greene co. and W. by Virginia. Pop. 42,784. 
Chief town, Washington. 

WASHINGTON, t. bor. and cap. Washing- 
ton co. Pa. on the head brandies of Chartier's 
creek, 25 m. SW. from Pittsburg, 25 WNW. 
from Brownsville, 32 ENE. from Wheeling. 
Pop. 1,816. It is a flourishing town, and con- 
tains a court-house, a jail, 2 printing-offices, a 
college, and various public buildings and man- 
ufacturing establishments. It is situated in a 
fertile, well cultivated, but broken countrv. 
Washington College, at this place, was founded 
in 1806. It has a large stone edifice of 3 sto- 
ries, for the accommodation of students. The 
library and philosophical apparatus are valua- 
ble. The officers are a president and 2 profes- 
sors, one of languages and one of mathemati- 
cal and natural philosophy. Commencement 
is on the last Thursday in September, after 
which there is a vacation till the first of No- 
vember. The course of collegiate education is 
completed here in 3 years. 

WASHINGTON, t. York co. Pa. 
1,037. 

WASHINGTON, t. Franklin co. Pa. 
5,181. 

WASHINGTON, t. Indiana co. Pa. 
1,125. 

WASHINGTON, t. Fayette co. Pa. 
2,919. 

' WASHINGTON, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. 
on E. side of the Alleghany. Pop. 2,153. 

WASHINGTON, v. Lancaster co. Pa. on 
E. bank of the Susquehannah, 3 m. below Co- 
lumbia. Pop. 607. 

WASHINGTON, co. SE. part of Ohio. 
Pop. 1,207. Chief town, Marietta. 

WASHINGTON, t. and cap. Fayette co. 
Ohio, 30 m. NW. from Chillicothe, 40 SW. 
from Columbus, 422 from W. Pop. 300. 

WASHINGTON, t. Miami co. Ohio, on 
the Great Miami, 4 m. N. from Troy. 

WASHINGTON, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 10 
m. E. from Cambridge. 

WASHINGTON, t. Montgomery co. 
Pop. 2,282. 

WASHINGTON, t. Preble co. Ohio. 
2,015. 

WASHINGTON, t. Clermont co. Ohio. 
Pop. 2,085. 

WASHINGTON, 
Pop. 351. 

WASHINGTON, 
Pop. 1,338. 

WASHINGTON, co. Va. bounded S. by 
N. Carolina, W. by Scott co. Va. NW. by 
Russell, N. by Tazewell, NE. by Wythe, and 
SE. by Grayson. Length 50 m. mean width 
17. Pop. 15,614. Chief town, Abin^ton. 

WASHINGTON, NW. co. of the^ District 
of Columbia, bounded SE. by the city of Wash- 
ington and Georgetown, SW. by Potomac 
river, W. and N. by Maryland, and E. by 
East Branch, or Anacostia river. Surface 
hilly, and soil of middling quality. Pop. in 
1820, 2,729 ; in 1830, 30,858. 



Ohio. 
Pop. 



t. Franklin co. Ohio, 
t. Richland co. Ohio. 



430 



WAS— WAS 



WASHINGTON, t. Burlington oo. N. J. 
WASHINGTON, I. Union co. Pa. Pop. 
1,107. 

WASHINGTON CITY, capital of the 
United States, situated on the left bank of the 
Potomac, and the right bank of the Anacostia, 
in lat. 38° 54' ; Ion. 0°, being intended for a 
first meridian. The Tyber runs through the 
middle of the city, and may be conveyed to 



the high ground on which the Capitol stands j 

and the water of the Tyber and the Reedy 
Branch may be conveyed to the Capitol and 
the President's House. The avenues, and such 
streets as lead immediately to public places, 
are from 130 to 160 feet wide, divided into 
foot-ways, and walks of trees, and carriage- 
ways. The others are of various widths, from 
70 to 110 feet : the avenues and streets of 100 




WASHINGTON, AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



feet and upwards, have foot- ways of 20 feet 
wide ; those under 100 and over 80, have foot- 
ways 17 feet wide ; and under 80 feet, 12 feet 
foot-ways. The ground on which the city 
stands, was ceded by the state of Maryland to 
the U. States in full sovereignty, and the pro- 
prietors of the soil surrendered their lands to be 
laid out as a city, gave up one-half to the U. S. 
und subjected other parts to be sold to raise 
■money as a donation to be employed and consti- 
jute a fund for the public buildings. The build- 
Tigs belonging to the U. States, are, 1. The 
Capitol : This is a magnificent structure of the 
Corinthian order. It is situated on the west- 



ern extremity of Capitol Square, 73 feet above 
the tide-water of the Potomac. The eminence 
commands a fine view of the city, the river, 
and the surrounding country : (1^ m. W. is the 
President's House and other public edifices.) 
The Capitol is of white freestone, composed of 
a central edifice and two wings, and is of the 
following dimensions : Length of front 350 feet, 
depth of wings 121, east projection 65, west do. 
83, height of wings to top of balustrade 70, do. to 
top of centre dome 120, length of Representa- 
tives' Hall 95, height do. 60, length of Senate 
Chamber 74, height do. 42, diameter of Ro- 
tunda 90, height do. 90. The Representatives' 




U J ITOL, AT WASHINGTON. 



Chamber is a magnificent semicircular apart- 
ment, supported by bluish polished stone col- 
umns, lighted from above. In the centre of the 
building is the Rotunda, 90 feet in diameter, 
and the same number of feet in height. It is 
ornamented with national paintings, represent- 
ing the surrender at Saratoga and Yorktown, 



the Declaration of Independence, and Wash- 
ington Resigning his Commission. Each of 
these paintings is 12 feet by 18. There are 
also relievos in marble representing Pocahon- 
tas rescuing Capt. Smith from death, the land- 
ing of the pilgrims at Plymouth, one of Penn'a 
treaties with the Indians, and a battle between 



WAS — WAS 



431 



Boon and two Indians. This noble and mag- 
nificent apartment is of white marble, and 
lighted from the dome. Men on the pediment 
seem dwindled to atoms, and the slightest 
noise creates echoes, which reverberate upon 
the ear with a grand and surprising effect. 
The foundation of the north wing was laid in 
the presence of Gen. Washington in 1738, and 
that of the centre in 1818, on the anniversary 
of its destruction by the British in 1814. 



The building covers nearly 2 acres, and the 
square in front contains 22£ acres, compre- 
hending a circumference of over f of a mile ; 
inclosed by an iron railing, with neat gate- 
ways and gravel-walks, bordered with shrubs 
and flowers, forming a delightful promenade. 
Pennsylvania Avenue is the principal street in 
Washington, extending from the west front of 
the Capitol to the President's House. The 
cost of the Capitol was $2,596,500. 2. The 




PRESIDENT'S HOUSE, AT WASHINGTON. 



President's House, built of freestone, 2 stories 
high, of the Ionic order, and distant from the 
Capitol about 1^ m. 3. Four buildings, erect- 
ed in a line E. and W. of the President's 
House, for the accommodation of the principal 
departments of government, and subordinate 
offices : the whole are of brick, 2 stories high, 
with freestone basements, and covered with 
slate ; the 2 new ones are handsome edifices, 
with freestone porticoes on the N. front, in the 
Ionic order. 4. The General Post-Office is a 
large brick edifice, nearly a mile north-west of 
the Capitol, in which are kept the offices of the 
post-office establishment, the General Land- 
Office, and the Patent Office, in which more 
than 2,000 patents are shown, among which 
are a great many useful and useless inventions. 
The Navy Yard is situated on the Eastern 
Branch, and has all the appurtenances for 
building ships of the largest size. The City 
Hall is 251 feet long by 50 in breadth. Con- 
gress' Library is now kept in the Capitol, and 
contains from 8 to 10,000 volumes. The Co- 
lumbian College has an extent of 117 feet by 
47, is situated on elevated ground, and is a 
lofty building, calculated to accommodate 100 
students. There are a number of other public 
buildings, and 14 houses of public worship. 
There are also a City Library, Medical, Bo- 
tanical, Clerks', Benevolent, Masonic, Orphan, 
Bible, Dorcas, Missionary, and Tract Socie- 
ties, Columbian Institute, and other institu- 
tions. Education is not overlooked, as is 
evinced by the numerous academies and 
schools which are established. Beside the 
Columbian College, adjoining the city, there is 
a large Catholic Theological Seminary in the 
city, connected with which is a school for the 
general education of youth. An extensive 
window-glass manufactory, which supplies the 
market, and exports to a considerable amount ; 
five very extensive taverns, with accommoda- 



tions equal to any of a similar nature ; three 
banks, a branch of the U. S. bank, a fire in- 
surance company, ten printing-offices, three 
daily, and several tri-weekly, semi-weekly, and 
weekly newspapers. The seat of government 
was removed here in the year 1800, during 
the presidency of John Adams. The city was 
incorporated by an act of congress, passed on 
the 3d of May, 1802, by which act, the ap- 
pointment of the mayor was vested in the 
president yearly, and the two branches of the 
council, elected by the people, in a general 
ticket. In a supplementary act, passed May 
4, 1812, the corporation was made to consist 
of a mayor, a board of aldermen, and a board 
of common council : the board of aldermen to 
consist of eight members, elected for two years, 
two to be residents of, and chosen from, each 
ward ; the board of common council to consist 
of twelve, three from each ward ; the mayor, 
by the joint ballot of the two boards, to serve 
for one year. By a new. charter, granted by 
congress on the 15th May, 1820, it is provided 
that the mayor shall be elected by the people, 
to serve two years, from the second Monday in 
June ; the board of aldermen to consist of two 
members from each ward, elected for two 
years, and are, ex-officio, justices of the peace 
for the whole county. Population. — Washing, 
ton contained in 1810, 8,208 inhabitants; in 
1820, 13,247; in 1830, 18,827. 

WASHINGTON, v. Culpeper co. Va. 

WASHINGTON, co. central part of Ken- 
tucky. Pop. 19,017. Chief town, Springfield. 

WASHINGTON, t. and cap. Mason co. 
Ken. 3 m. SW. from Maysville, 60 NE. from 
Lexington, 482 from W. Pop. 868. It con- 
tains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and a 
printing-office. 

WASHINGTON, v. and seat of justice, 
Davies co. In. between the two main branches 
of White river, 20 m. SE. by E. from Vincen 



432 



WAS— WAT 



nes, and 103 SSW. from Indianapolis. Lat. 
38° 40' N. 

WASHINGTON, co. II. bounded by Ran- 
dolph S. St. Clair W. Madison and Bond N. 
and Jefferson E. It is 30 in. square. Kas- 
kaskias river passes obliquely through it. 
Chief town, Covington. Pop. in 1820, 1,517 ; 
in 1830, 1,674. 

WASHINGTON, co. Miso. S. from Frank- 
lin, and S W. from Jefferson and St. Genevieve. 
It lies on the heads of Big Black, Gasconade, 
Marameck, and St. Francis rivers. Pop. 6,797. 
Chief town, Potosi. 

WASHINGTON, co. central part of Geor- 
gia. Pop. 9,820. Chief town, Sandersville. 

WASHINGTON, t. and cap. Wilkes co. 
Geo. on Kettle creek, a branch of Little river, 
50 m. WNW. from Augusta, 58 N. by W. 
from Louisville. Lat. 32° 12' N. It is a 
flourishing town, regularly laid out, handsome- 
ly built, and contains a court-house, a jail, a 
bank, and a flourishing academy. A newspa- 
per is published here. 

WASHINGTON, co. in E. end of East 
Tennessee. Pop. in 1820, 9,557 ; in 1830, 
10,995. Chief town, Jonesborough. A semi- 
nary, styled Washington College, has been 
established in this county, 8 m. SW. from 
Jonesborough. 

WASHINGTON, t. and cap. Rhea co. Ten. 
near the Tennessee, about 35 m. W. from Tel- 
lico, 75 SW. from Knoxville, 593 from W. 

WASHINGTON, t. Adams co. Mis. on St. 
Catherine's creek, 20 m. from its mouth, 6 E. 
from Natchez. It contains a court-house and 
jail, and was for 15 years the seat of govern- 
ment for Mississippi. It has a healthy and 
pleasant situation in the most wealthy and 
populous part of the state. It has excellent 
water, and unites many advantages as a sum- 
mer residence. St. Catherine's creek is navi- 
gable for boats at high-water. Jefferson Col- 
lege, in this town, was incorporated in 1802. 
A large edifice, 170 feet by 40, was erected for 
the accommodation of students. The institu- 
tion has not as yet taken a higher rank than 
a respectable academy. 

WASHINGTON, co. In. bounded by Floyd 
SE. Harrison S. Orange and Lawrence W. 
White river or Jackson N. and Scott E. 
Length 24 m. width 20. Chief town, Salem. 
Pop. in 1820, 9,039 ; in 1830, 13,072. 

WASHINGTON, co. Al. bounded by Mis- 
sissippi W. Choctaw country N. Tombigbee 
river E. and Baldwin co. in Al. S. Length 50 
m. 20 mean width. Surface moderately hilly, 
and soil, except in a few places near the 
streams, sterile, and covered generally with 
pine. Chief town, St. Stephens. Pop. 3,478. 

WASHINGTON, C. H. and t. on the small 
river Sinta Bogue, Washington co. Ah 12 m. 
NW. from Fort St. Stephens, and 75 N. from 
Mobile. 

WASHINGTON, v. and seat of justice, 
Autauga co. Al. on the right bank of Alabama 
river, at the mouth of Autauga creek, 23 m. 
above Cahawba. Lat. 32° 24' N. 

WASHINGTON, parish of La. bounded by 
Mississippi N. Pearl river E. parish of St 



Tarn any S. and Tangipao river or St. Hele 
na W. Length 45 m. mean width 22. Sur- 
face moderately hilly, and soil generally ste- 
rile, and covered with pine timber. Pop. in 
1820, 2,517; in 1830, 2,286. Chief town, 
Franklin ton. 

WASHINGTON HOLLOW, v. Dutchess 
co. N. Y. on Wappinger's creek, 12 m. NE. 
from Poughkeepsie. 

WASSAW ISLAND, Great, isl. in the 
Atlantic, near the coast of Georgia, 16 in. in 
circumference. Lat. 32° 52' N. 

WASSAW ISLAND, Little, isl. in the At- 
lantic, near the coast of Georgia, SW. of Great 
Wassaw. 

WASSAW SOUND, bay on the coast of 
Georgia, between Great Wassaw Island and 
Tybee Island. 

WATAUGA, r. which rises in N. C. and! 
runs into the Holston in Tennessee. 

WATCH POINT, cape on E. coast of R. 
Island. Lat. 41° 13' N. 

WATERBOROUGH, t. York co. Me. 25 
m. from New York, 110 NNE. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,816. 

WATERBURY, t. Washington co. Vt. on 
Onion river, 12 m. NW. from Montpelier. 
Pop. 1,650. Waterbury river flows through 
this town into Onion river. 

WATERBURY, t. New Haven co. Ct. 20 
m. NNW. from New Haven, 325 from W 
Pop. 3,070. 

WATEREE, r. which rises in N. C. where 
it is called the Catawba. It passes into S. C. 
and unites with the Congaree, to form the 
Santee. 

WATERFORD, t. Oxford co. Me. 12 m. 
SW. from Paris. Pop. 1,123. 

WATERFORD, formerly Littleton, t. Cal- 
edonia co. Vt. on the Connecticut, 14 m. E. 
from Danville, 40 E. Montpelier. Pop. 1,358. 

WATERFORD, t. New London co. Ct. 4 
m. NW. from New London. Pop. 2,475. 

WATERFORD, t. Saratoga co. N.Y. on 
the W. bank of the Hudson, 4 m. N. from 
Troy, 10 N. from Albany. It contains a bank,, 
and 2 houses for public worship, is a flourish- 
ing village, regularly laid out, and has an ex- 
tensive trade. Pop. 1,473. 

WATERFORD, t. Gloucester co. N. J. 
Pop. 3,088. 

WATERFORD, t. Mifflin co. Pa. It is 
situated on Tuscarora creek, in the SW. part 
of the county. 

WATERFORD, or Le Bceuf, t. Erie co. Pa. 
on French creek, 15 m. SSE. from Erie. It 
is a flourishing town, contains an academy,, 
and has considerable trade. Pop. 554. 

WATERFORD, t. Loudon co. Va. 42 rru 
from W. 

WATERFORD, t. Washington co. Ohio, on 
the Muskingum, 22 m. above Marietta. 

WATERLOO, v. and seat of justice, Sene- 
ca co. N. Y. on Seneca river at its falls, 5 m. 
NE. and below Geneva. It is a thriving vil- 
lage, containing the county buildings, a news- 
paper printing-office, and 1,837. inhabitants. 
Lat. 42°. 

WATERLOO, t. Monroe co. IL 



WAT— WAY 



433 



WATERTOWN, t. Middlesex co. Mass. on 
Charles river, 7 m. W. by N. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,641. It is a pleasant town, and con- 
tains a paper-mill, and cotton and woollen 
.manufactories, and a U. S. arsenal. 

WATERTOWN, t. Litchfield co.Ct. 12 m. 
.SSE. from Litchfield. Pop. 1,500. 

WATERTOWN, t. and cap. Jefferson -co. 
JN". Y. at the mouth of Black river, 12 m. from 
Sacket's Harbor, 80 NW. from Utica, 412 m. 
from W. Pop. 4,768. It contains a court- 
house, a jail, a paper-mill, and other valuable 
mills. It is a flourishing town, and a place of 
.deposit for the military stores of N. Y. A 
weekly newspaper is published here. 

WATERVILLE, t. Kennebeck co. Me. on 
W. side of the Kennebeck, opposite Winslow, 
18 m. N. from Augusta, 185 NNE. from Bos- 
ton. Pop. 2,216. It is a pleasant and flourish- 
ing town ; the principal village is finely situa- 
ted at the head of boat navigation, opposite 
Teconic Falls, which present a beautiful cas- 
cade. It contains a bank, and has a considera- 
ble trade, and is very favorably situated for 
ship-building. It is an excellent agricultural 
ttown, and is situated in a very fertile tract of 
.country. 

WATERVILLE, flourishing village in San- 
gerfield, N. Y. 

WATERVILLE, v. Stamford, N. Y. 

WATERVLIET, t. Albany co. N. Y. on 
W. side of the Hudson, and on S, side of the 
JMohawk, '6 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 4,965. 

W ATKINS POINT, cape on SW. coast of 
Md. in the Chesapeake. Lat. 37° 59' N. 

WATKINSVILLE, v. Ann-Arundel co. 
Md. 37 m. from W. 

WATKINSVILLE, v. Centre co. Pa. 

WATKINSVILLE, t. and cap. Clarke co. 
•Georgia, 7 m. S. from Athens, 90 WNW. from 
Augusta, 623 from W. It contains a court- 
house and jail. 

WATTSBOROUGH, v. Lunenburg co. Va. 

WATTS ISLAND, small isl. on the Chesa- 
peake. Lon. 76° 3' W. ; lat. 37° 54' N. 

WAUGHSBURGH, v. Stokes co. N. C. 

WAYNE, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 20 m. W. 
from Augusta, 294 NNE. from Boston, 650 
irom W. Pop. 1,153. 

WAYNE, t. Steuben co. M. Y. 15 m. E. 
from Bath. 

WAYNE, co. NE. corner of Pa. bounded 
N. by N. Y., E. by the Delaware, which sepa- 
rates it from New Jersey, S. by Northampton 
co. and W. by Luzerne and .Susquehannah cos. 
Pop. in 1820, 4,127-; in 1830, 7,663. Chief 
town, Bethany. 

WAYNE, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 250. 

WAYNE, co. in the interior part of Ohio. 
•Chief town, Wooster. Pop. 23,344. 

WAYNE, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,060. 

WAYNE, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. 1,893. 
WAYNE, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 1,046. 
WAYNE, t Montgomery co. Ohio. Pop. 

Ml. 

WAYNE, t. Pickaway co. Ohio. Pop. 959. 
WAYNE, t. Scioto co. Ohio. Pop. 1,157. 
3E 



WAYNE, i. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 
1,072. 

WAYNE, eo. on E. side of the Indiana r. 
Chief towns, Salisbury and Centreville. Pop 
2,562. 

WAYNE, co. central part of N. C. Pop. 
10,9.02. Chief town, Waynesborough. 

WAYNE, co. S. side of Kentucky. Pop. 
8,731. Chief town, Monticello. 

WAYNE, t. Wayne co. Ken. 

WAYNE, t. Wayne co. Ten. 

WAYNE, co. Ten. bounded by Lauderdale 
co. in Al. S. Hardin co. Ten. W. Perry N. and 
Lawrence E. Length 24 m. width 21. Chief 
town, Waynesborough. Pop. in 1820, 2,459 ; 
in 1830, 6,013. 

WAYNE, co. Mis. bounded by Al. E. 
Greene co. in Mis. S. Covington W. and the 
Choctaw country N. Length 32 m. width 30. 
It is drained by the Chickasawhay, and other 
branches of Pascagoula river. Chief town, 
Winchester. Pop. in 1820, 3,323; in 1S30, 
2,778. 

WAYNE, co. Geo. bounded by Glynn SE. 
Camden and Appling S. Appling and Tatnall 
W. and Altamaha NE. Length 40 m. mean 
width 25. Pop. 962. Chief town, Waynes- 
ville. 

WAYNE, co. II. bounded by Johnson and 
Union S. Jackson and Randolph W. Jefferson 
N. and White and Gallatin E. Length 36 m. 
width 24. Pop. in 1820, 111 ; in 1830, 2,562. 

WAYNE, co. Miso. W. from Washington 
and Franklin, and on the sources of Gascon- 
ade river. Pop. in 1820, 1,443 ; in 1830, 3,254. 

WAYNE, co. Mich, bounded by Detroit 
river and St. Clair lake SE. M'Comb co. NE. 
Oakland NW. and Monroe SW. and S. It is 
principally drained by the Riviere Rouge. 
Chief town, Detroit. Pop. in 1820, 3,574 ; in 
1830, 4,565. 

WAYNESBOROUGH, i. and cap. Greene 
co. Pa. 22 m. S. from Washington, 51 SSW. 
from Pittsburg, Pop. 1,130. 

WAYNESBOROUGH, t. Augusta co. Va. 
12 m. ESE. from Staunton. It is a pleasant 
and thriving town. 

WAYNESBOROUGH, t. and cap. Wayne 
co. N. C. on the Neuse, 50 m. SE. from Ra- 
leigh, 337 from W. 

WAYNESBOROUGH, t. and cap. Burke 
co. Geo. 24 m. ENE. from Louisville, 28 SSW. 
from Augusta, about 100 NW. from Savan- 
nah, 689 from W. It is situated on Brier 
Creek, about 14 m. from the Savannah, and 
contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, 2 
houses of public worship, J for Presbyterians, 
and 1 for Methodists, and 50 dwelling-houses. 

WAYNESBURG, t. Franklin co. Pa. situ- 
ated 9 m. E, of Gr.eencastle, SE. part of the co. 

WAYNESVILLE, v. Warren co. Ohio, on 
the Little Miami, 40 m. NE, from Cincinnati. 
It is inhabited chiefly by Friends, who have a 
large brick meeting-house, 80 feet by 40. Pop. 
439, 

WAYNESVILLE, t. Lycoming co. Pa. on 
W. branch of the Susquehannah, 2 rn. below 
Pine Creek, 



434 



WAY— WES 



WAYNESVILLE, v. Haywood co. N. C. 

WEARE, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 15 m. 
NNW. from Amherst, 55 W. from Portsmouth. 
Pop. 2,430. It is a large and valuable agri- 
cultural town, and contains 3 houses of public 
worship, and a cotton manufactory. 

WEATHERSFIELD, t. Windsor co. Vt. 
on W. bank of Connecticut river, opposite 
Claremont, 9 m. S. by W. from Windsor. Pop. 
2,213. It is a considerable town. 

WEATHERSFIELD. See Wethersfield. 

WEATHERSFIELD, t. Trumbull co.Ohio, 
on the Mahoning. It contains a forge and 
furnace, where bar-iron and hollow-ware are 
made to considerable extent. Pop. 1,066. 

WEBHAMET, r. Me. runs into the Atlan- 
tic, in Wells. 

WEEBOTUCK, r. branch of the Housa- 
tonnuc. It rises in NE. part of N. Y. and joins 
the Housatonnuc in Connecticut. 

WELBY, v. Prince George co. Md. 8 m. 
from W. 

WELD, t. Oxford co. Me. Pop. 766. 

WELLFLEET, t. and s-p. Barnstable co. 
Mass. on a bay of the same name, 31 m. ENE. 
from Barnstable, 97 SE. from Boston. Pop. 
2,044. 

WELLINGTON, t. Bristol co. Mass. on 
W. side of Taunton river, 2 m. N. from Digh- 
ton, 3 S. from Taunton, 35 S. from Boston. It 
contains a paper-mill, and several woollen and 
cotton manufactories. 

WELLS, t. York co. Me. 12 m. NNE. from 
York, 30 SW. from Portland, 88 NNE. from 
Boston. Pop. 2,977. It is separated from 
Arundel by the river Kennebunk, at the mouth 
of which is the village and seaport of Kenne- 
bunk. 

WELLS, t. Hamilton co. N. Y. Pop. 340. 

WELLS, v. Beaufort co. S. C. 

WELLS, t. Rutland co. Vt. 50 m. N. from 
Bennington. Pop. 880. 

WELLS, v. Beaufort district, S. C. 

WELLS, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 40 m. 
N. from Johnstown. 

WELLS, r. Vt. rises in Groton, and runs 
into the Connecticut, N. of Newbury. 

WELLSBOROUGH, v. and seat of justice, 
Tioga co. Pa. on the height of land between 
the sources of Pine creek and the W. Branch 
of Susquehannah, about 50 m. a little W. of 
N. from Williamsport. 

WELLSBURG, t. and seat of justice, Brooke 
co. Va. on the bank of Ohio river, above the 
mouth of Buffalo creek, 15 m. above Wheel- 
ing, and 280 from W. It contains about 1,200 
inhabitants, and some manufactories. 

WELLS' CREEK, r. Ken. runs into the 
Ohio river. 

WELLS FALLS, cataract in the river Del- 
aware, 13 m. NW. from Trenton. 

WELLS' PASSAGE, inlet on the NW. 
coast of America, branching off from Brough- 
ton's archipelago. 

WELLS RIVER, v. Orange co. Vt. 48 m. 
NE. from Montpelier. 

WELLSVILLE, v. Columbiana co. Ohio, 
171 m. NE. from Columbus. 

WENDELL, formerly Saville, t. Cheshire 



co. N. H. 22 m. NE. from Charleston, and 38 
WNW. from Concord. 

WENDELL, t. Franklin co. Mass. 13 m. E. 
from Greenfield, and 80 W. from Boston. 

WENDOVER, t. Buckingham co. L.C. on 
the St. Francis, 25 m. S. from Three Rivers. 

WENDHAM, t. Essex co. Mass. 6 m. N. 
from Salem, 21 NE. from Boston. Pop. 612. 

WENLOCK, t. Essex co. Vt. 65 m. NE. 
from Montpelier. 

WENTWORTH, t. Grafton co. N. H. 15 m. 
NW. from Plymouth, 58 NNW. from Concord. 
Pop. 924. 

WENTWORTH, t. York co. L. C. 43 m. 

W. from Montreal. 

WENTWORTH, v. Rockingham c». N.C. 
10 m. E. from Danbury, and 126 m. NW. from 
Raleigh. 

WENTWORTH MOUNTAINS, range in 
N. H. extending from Bethlehem on the Con- 
necticut to the White Mountains. Height 
about 3,000 feet. 

WESLEY, western t. Washington co. Ohio. 
Pop. 495. 

WEST, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,491 
WEST ALEXANDRIA, small v. on the 
U. S. road, Washington co. Pa. 16 m. W. from 
Washington, and 14 a little N. of E. from 

Wheeling. 

WEST ALMOND, v. Alleghany co. N. Y. 

WEST BARNSTABLE, v. Barnstable co, 
Mass. 68 m. SSE. from Boston. 

WEST BAY, bay at W. extremity of Lake 
Superior. Lon. 91° 45' W. ; lat. 46° 45' N. 

WEST BECKET, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 30 
m. W. from Northampton, and 153 W. from 
Boston. 

WEST BEDFORD, v. Coshocton co. Ohio, 
84 m. NE. from Columbus. 
WEST BLOOMFIELD, v. Ontario co. N.Y. 

12 m. W. from Canandaigua. 
WESTBOROUGH, t. Worcester co. Mass. 

13 m. E. from Worcester. Pop. 1,438. 
WEST BOYLESTON, t. on Nashau river, 

Worcester co. Mass. 49 m. W. from Boston. 
Pop. 1.053. 

WEST BRADFORD, t. Essex co. Mass. 29 
m. N. from Boston. 

WEST BREWSTER, t. Barnstable co. 
Mass. 20 m. SE. from Plymouth, and 60 from 
Boston. 

WEST BRIDGEWATER, t. Plymouth co. 
Mass. 34 m. S. from Boston. 

WEST BROOK, v. Middlesex co.Ct. 43 m. 
SSE. from Hartford. 

WEST BROOK, v. Bladen co. N.C. 135 m 
S. from Raleigh. 

WEST BROOKFIELD, t. Worcester co. 
Mass. between the two main branches of Chic- 
apee river, 68 m. W. from Boston. 

WESTBURY, t. Buckingham co. L.C. 80 
m. SSE. from Three Rivers. 

WEST CARLISLE, v. Coshocton co. Ohio, 
87 m. NE. from Columbus. 

WEST-CASTLE, v. Caswell co. N.C. 

WEST CAYUGA, small v. Seneca co. N.Y. 
on the W. side of Cayuga Lake, connected 
with East Cayuga by a bridge 316 rods long. 

WEST-CHESTER, co. SE. corner N Y 



WES-WES 



435 



bounded N. by Putnam co. E. by Connecticut, 
SE. and S. by Long Island Sound, and W. by 
New York Island and the Hudson. Pop. in 
1820, 32,638; in 1S30, 36,456. Chief town, 
Bedibrd. 

WEST-CHESTER, v. Middlesex co. Ct. 6 
m. from Middle Haddam. 

WEST-CHESTER, t. Westchester co. N.Y. 
on East River, 12 m. NE. from New York. 
Pop 2,362. It is watered by the Westchester 
creek and Bronx creek, and has manufactures 
of paper, snuff, paint, &c. Marble is found 
here. 

WEST-CHESTER, bor. and cap. Chester 
co. Pa. 24 m. W. from Philadelphia, 115 from 
W. This is a very flourishing town, and has 
had a very rapid increase within the last few 
years. The population in 1820, was 552 ; in 
1830, 1,252; and in 1831, estimated at 1,500. 
It is handsomely laid out in four squares, with 
streets intersecting in the centre, which are 
neatly Macadamized. It has 4 houses for pub- 
lic worship ; one is a Roman Catholic Chapel, 
one for Methodists, and two for Friends. The 
public buildings are a court-house and jail, 
witli the clerks' offices, academy, and market- 
house. Here are also a bank, a public library, 
athenaeum, cabinet of natural science, and an 
excellent boarding-school for girls, all of which 
are in a flourishing condition. There are 
published in this place 5 weekly, and one semi- 
monthly newspaper. A rail-road from this 
place communicates with the Columbia rail- 
road. 

WEST-CHESTER, v. Tuscarawas co.Ohio. 
Pop. 52. 

WEST-CREEK, r. N.J. which runs into 
the Delaware Bay. Lon. 74° 57' W. ; lat. 39° 
14' N. 

WESTERLO, t. Albany co. N.Y. Pop. 
3,220. 

WESTERLY, v. Merrimack co. N. H. 

WESTERLY, t. Washington co. R.I. on 
Ihe E. side of Pawcatuck river, opposite to 
Ptonington, in Con. 13 m. W. of Charleston, 
34 from Newport, and 20 E. of New London. 
Pop. 1,903. In Packatuck village, in this t 
are two banks, two academies, and a woollen 
cloth factory. 

WESTERN, t. Worcester co. Mass. 22 m. 
SW. from Worcester. Pop. 1,189. 

WESTERN, t. Oneida co. N. Y. on the Mo- 
hawk, 5 m. above Rome. Pop. 2,419. 

WESTERNPORT, or Westport, v. Alle- 
ghany co. Md. on the left bank of Potomac r. 
between George's creek and Savage river, 20 
m. by land above Cumberland. 

WESTERN STAR, v. Medina co. Ohio, 
168 m. NE. from Columbus. 

WEST FAIRLEE, t. Orange co. Vt. 36 m. 
SR from Montpelier. Pop. 841. 

WEST FARMS, v. Westchester co. N. Y. 
on Bronx r. 10 m. NE. from New York. 

WESTFIELD, t. King's co. New Bruns- 
wick, on Kennebecasis Bay. 

WESTFIELD, t. Orleans co. Vt. 52 m. N. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 353. 

WESTFIELD, t. Richmond co. N.Y. on 
Staten Island, 3£ SW. Richmond. Pop. 1,734. 



WESTFIELD, r. Mass. rises in Berkshire 

co. and runs through Middlefield, Westfield, 
and West Springfield, where it flows into the 
Connecticut. 

WESTFIELD, t. Hampden co. Mass. 7 m. 
W. from Springfield, 93 WSW. from Boston. 
Pop. 2,941. This is a pleasant and excellent 
agricultural town, and has a handsome village, 
containing a Congregational meeting-house, a 
respectable and flourishing academy, and some 
manufactures. 

WESTFIELD, v. Chatauque co. N. Y. 358 
m. SW. by W. from Albany. 

WESTFIELD, t. Essex co. N. J. 8 m. W. 
from Eliza bethtown. Pop. 2,492. 

WESTFIELD, one of the S. towns of Me- 
dina co. Ohio. Pop. 577. 

WESTFIELD, v. Delaware co. Ohio, 37 
m. N. from Columbus. 

WESTFORD, t. Middlesex co. Mass. on the 
E. side of Stony river, 28 m. NW. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,329. 

WESTFORD, t. on Brown's river, in the 
northern part of Chittenden co. Vt 35 m. NW. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 1,290. 

WESTFORD, t. Otsego co. N.Y. 10 m. SE. 
from Cooperstown. Pop. 1.645. 

WEST FRIENDSHIP, v. Ann- Arundel co. 
Md. 50 m. from Annapolis, and 58 from W. 

WEST GREENWICH, SW. t. Kent co. 
R. I. 18 m. SW. from Providence. Pop. 1,817. 

WESTHAM, t. Henrico co. Va. on the N. 
side of James river, 6 m. above Richmond. 

WESTHAMPTON, t. Hampshire co. Mass 
10 m. W. from Northampton. Pop. 907. 

WEST HAMPTON, v. on the S. side of 
Long Island, Suffolk co. N. Y. 80 m. a little N. 
of E. from New York. 

WEST HANOVER, t. on Swatara river, 
Dauphin co. Pa. 15 m. NE. by E. from Harris- 
burg, and 15 W. from Lebanon. 

WEST HARBOR, bay on the S. coast of 
Jamaica, formed by a peninsula, called Port 
land Ridge. Lon. 77° W. ; lat. 17° 48' N. 

WEST HARTFORD, t. Hartford co. Ct- 
5 m. from Hartford. 

WEST HARTLAND, v. in the NW. part 
of Hartford co. Ct. 25 m. NW. from Hartford. 

WEST HAVEN, t. Rutland co. Vt. 50 m. 
W. from Windsor. Pop. 724. 

WEST HEBRON, t. between Moses' Kill 
and Fort Edward, Washington co. N. Y. 48 m. 
W. from Albany. 

WEST HILL, v. Suffolk co. N. Y. 

WEST INDIES. See Indies, West. 

WEST ISLES, t. Charlotte co. New Bruns- 
wick, on the coast, including Campo Bello, 
Grand Menan, and other islands. 

WESTLAND, v. Mecklenburg co. Va 137 
m. SW. from Richmond. 

WESTLAND, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 
802. 

WEST LIBERTY, v. on the head of Short 
creek, Ohio co. Va. 14 m. NE. from Wheeling, 
and 20 W. from Washington in Pa. 
_ WEST LIBERTY, v. Henry co. In. 40 m. 
NE. by E. from Indianapolis. 

WEST LIBERTY, v. Morgan co. Ken. 75 
m. SE. by E. from Frankfort. 



436 



WES—WES 



WEST LIBERTY, v. Logan co. Ohio. 

WEST LOWVILLE, v. Lewis co. N.Y. 
30 m. NE. from Sacket's Harbor, and 55 NNW. 
from Utica. 

WEST MARTINSBURG, t. Lewis co. 
N. Y. 35 m. NE. from Sacket's Harbor, and 50 
NNW. from Utica. 

WEST MENDON, t. Monroe co. N. Y. 12 
m. S. from Rochester. 

WEST MEREDITH, t. on Olean creek, 
Delaware co. N. Y. 30 m. S. from Cooperstown, 
and 104 SW. by W. from Albany. 

WEST MIDDLEBURG, t. Schoharie co. 
N.Y. 35 m. W, from Albany. 

WEST MIDDLETOWN, v. Washington 
co. Pa. 20 m. NNW. from Washington, and 
35 a little S. of W. from Pittsburg. 

WEST MINOT, t. in the north-west angle 
of Cumberland co. Me. 46 m. N. from Port- 
land. 

WESTMINSTER, t. Middlesex co. U. C. 

WESTMINSTER, t. Windham co. Vt. on 
the Connecticut, opposite Walpole, with which 
it is connected by a bridge ; 28 m. S. from 
Montpelier, 445 from W. Pop. 1,737. It is a 
pleasant and considerable town. 

WESTMINSTER, t. Worcester co. Mass. 
21 m. NNW. from Worcester, 54 WNW. from 
Boston. Pop. 1,695. 

WESTMINSTER, t. Frederick co. Md. 30 
m. NW. from Baltimore, 66 from W. It Con- 
tains a bank and a printing-office. 

WESTMORE, t. Orleans co. Vt. 53 m. NE. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 32. 

WESTMORELAND, co. New Brunswick, 
bordering on Nova Scotia and the Gulf of St. 
Lawrence. 

WESTMORELAND, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 
on the Connecticut, 9 m. W. from Keene, 65 
WSW. from Concord. Pop. 1,647. It is a 
considerable agricultural town, and contains 
meeting-houses for Baptists and Congregation- 
alists. 

WESTMORELAND, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 
10 m. W. from Utica. Pop. 3,303. 

WESTMORELAND, co. south-west part of 
Pa. bounded NE. by Armstrong and Indiana 
cos. ESE. by Cambria and Somerset cos. S. by 
Fayette co. and W. by Washington and Alle- 
ghany cos. Pop. in 1820, 30,540; in 1830, 
38,400. Chief town, Greensburg. 

WESTMORELAND, co. NE. part of Va. 
bounded N. and NE. by the Potomac, E. by 
Northumberland co. S. by Richmond co. and 
the Rappahannock, and W. by King George co. 
Pop. 8,411. 

WEST NEWBURY, t. Essex co. Mass. 
Pop. 1,586. 

WESTON, t. Windsor co. Vt. 30 m. WSW. 
from Windsor. Pop. 972. 

WESTON, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 15 m. W. 
from Boston. Pop. 1,091. 

WESTON, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 9 m. N. from 
Fairfield. Pop. 2,997. Here is an academy. 

WEST POINT, t. Orange co. N. Y. on the 
west bank of the Hudson, 58 m. above New 
York. The United States Military Academy 
at this place was established by Congress in 
1802, for the instruction of young men des- 



tined for the army. The number of cadet's i# 
limited to 250, and in choosing among the ap- 
plicants, the sons of revolutionary officers are 
allowed the first claim, and the children of the 
deceased officers of the last war, the second.' 
The age of the pupils on admission must be 
between 14 and 22. The professors and in- 
structors are 30 in number ; each of the cadets- 
costs the government 336 dollars annually^ 
They are required to encamp 6 or 8 weeks : 
during the year. The course of study is com- 
pleted in 4 years, and includes French, draw-*- 
ing,natural and experimental philosophy, chem- 
istry, mineralogy, geography, history, ethics,, 
national law, mathematics, and the whole sci- 
ence of strategy, tactics, artillery, and engineer- 
ing. The annual expense of the institution is : 
115,000 dollars. There are 5 large stone builds 
ings, and 6 of brick. The site they occupy is : 
very beautiful and commanding, being a level 
188 feet above the river. Close to the shore 
stands a white marble monument, bearing the 
name of Kosciusko. In another part is arc 
obelisk to the memory of Col. Wood, one of the- 
pupils, who fell at Fort Erie. 

WESTPORT, t. and s-p. Bristol co. Mass. 
on Buzzard's Bay, 24 m. S. from Taunton, 60" 
S. from Boston. Pop. 2,773. It is a consider- 
able town, and has some trade. 

WESTPORT, v. Essex co. N.Y. 

WESTPORT, t. Henry co. Ken. on the 
Ohio, 17 m. above Louisville. It contained, in 
1818, about 50 houses, and is watered by Little 
Kentucky river, which affords seats for mills. 

WEST QUODDY HEAD, in Lubec, Me, 
the SW. point of the entrance into Passama- 
quoddy Bay. Here is a light-house. 

W ESTR A Y VILLE, v. Nash co. N. C, 

WEST RIVER, r. Me. runs into Machias 
Bay, Ion. 67° 19' W. ; lat. 44° 45' N, 

WEST RIVER, r. Vt. runs into the Con- 
necticut, 10 m. from the S. boundary of the 

WEST RIVER, v. Ontario co. N. Y. 

WEST RIVER, v. Ann-Arundel co. Md, 

WEST RIVER, r. Md. runs into the Che*, 
apeake, Ion. 76° 42' W. ; lat. 38° 54' N. 

WEST RIVER, r. Va. runs into Black Bay, 
Ion. 76° 17' W. ; lat. 36° 30' N. 

WEST RIVER MOUNTAIN, mt. N.H. 
in Chesterfield and Hinsdale, near the Connec- 
ticut, opposite the mouth of West river. It has 
discovered volcanic appearances. Considera-- 
ble search has been made in this mountain for 
valuable ores, but without success. 

WEST-SPRINGFIELD, t. Hampden co 
Mass. on the west side of the Connecticut river, 
opposite Springfield. Pop. 3,272. 

WEST-STOCKBRIDGE, t. Berkshire co. 
Mass. 10 m. SW. from Lenox. Pop. 1,208. 

WEST TOWN, t. Delaware co. Pa. 4 m, 
ESE. from Westchester, 19 W. by S. from 
Philadelphia. Here is a large and respectable 
Friends' boarding-school, containing 150 pu- 
pils. The building is of brick, 140 feet by 50. 
of 3 stories, and is finely situated. 

WEST TOWN, v. Orange co. N.Y. 

WEST UNION, t. and cap. Adams co. 
Ohio, 52 SW from Chillicothe, 470 from W 



WES— WHI 



437 



It contains the county buildings, a bank, and 
a printing-office. Pop. 429. 

WESTVILLE, v. Simpson co. Mis. 

WESTVILLE, v. in Berkshire, N. Y. 14 m. 
N. from Owego. 

WESTWARD MILLS, v. Brunswick co. 
Virginia. 

WETARHOO, r. La. runs into the Missou- 
ri, 1422 m. from the Mississippi. 

WETATIC, mt. Ashburnham, Mass. The 
elevation of the summit of this mountain above 
the level of the sea, was found by barometrical 
measurement, in 1817, to be 1,900 feet. 

WETHERSFIELD, t. Hartford co. Ct. on 
west bank of the Connecticut, 4 m. S. from 
Hartford. Pop. 3,862. It contains 3 parishes,, 
in each of which is a Congregational meeting- 
house ; it has also a Baptist meeting-house, and 
an academy. It is a very pleasant and hand- 
some town, situated in a fertile tract of country, 
and is famous for raising great quantities of 
onions. 

WETHERSFIELD. See Weatliersfield. 
WEYBRIDGE, t, Addison co. Vt. Pop. 
850. 

WEYMOUTH, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 10 m. 
SE. from Boston, noted for the manufacture of 
excellent cheese. Pop. 2,839. 

WEYMOUTH, t. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 
1,270. 

WEYMOUTH FURNACE, v. Gloucester 
co. N. J. 

WHALE BANK, fishing-bank on the coast 
of Newfoundland, 60 miles long, and 21 wide; 
90 miles S. from Cape Mary. Lon 53° 50' W ; 
lit. 45° N. 

WHALE ISLAND, small isl. in the North 
Sea. Lon. 134° W.; lat. 69° 14' N. 

WHARTON, v. St. Tamany's parish, La. 

WHARTONVILLE, v. Fauquier co. Va. 

WHATELEY, t. Franklin co. Mass. on the 
W. side of Connecticut river, 10 miles above 
Northampton. Pop. 1,111. 

WHATLEY'S MILLS, v. Morgan co. Geo. 

WHEATLAND, t. Monroe co. N. Y. Pop. 
2,239. 

WHEAT PLAINS, v. Pike co. Pa. 

WHEELER, t. Steuben co. N. Y. Pop. 1,389, 

WHEELER'S SPRINGS, Charlotte co. Va. 
109 m. SW. from Richmond. 

WHEELING, r. Va. runs into the Ohio at 
Wheeling. 

WHEELING, t. and cap. Ohio co. Va. on 
Ohio river, at the mouth of Wheeling creek, 
140 m. W. by N. from Cumberland, 57 m. 
SW. from Pittsburg, by the road ; 95 by the 
river. It stands on a high bank, and the build- 
ings are chiefly on one street, running parallel 
with the river. The town contains a court- 
house, jail, church, nail factory, and 5,221 in- 
habitants. The great road from Wheeling to 
Cumberland, on the Potomac, was constructed 
by the U. S. at an expense of $1,800,000. This 
road completes the communication between 
Baltimore and the navigable western waters, 
and will doubtless cause Wheeling to rise rap- 
idly in population and commercial importance. 

WHEELING, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 4 m. N. 
from St. Clairsville. Pop. 1,669. 



WHEELING, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, on 
Wills creek, 6 m. N. from Cambridge. Pop. 
277. 

WHEELING, or Indian Wheeling, r. Ohio, 
runs into the Ohio, nearly opposite the town 
of Wheeling. 

WHEELOCK, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 30 m. NE. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 834. 

WHETSTONE, r. Ohio, runs into the 
Scioto, at Columbus. 

WHITE, co. of Ten. bounded by Bledsoe 
SE Warren W. or Caney Fork river SW. 
Smith NW. Jackson N. and Overton NE. 
Length 40 m. mean width 19. It is drained 
by the eastern branches of Caney Fork river. 
Chief town, Sparta. Pop. in 1820, 8,701 ; in 
1830, 9,962. 

# WHITE, co. of II. bounded by Wabash 
river E. Gallatin co. S. Franklin and Jefferson 
W. and Wayne and Edwards N. Length 42 
m. width 20, area 800 sq. ms. It is chiefly 
drained by Little Wabash river. Chief town, 
Carmi. Pop. in 1820, 4,828 ; in 1830, 6,091. 

WHITE BAY, bay on the E. coast of New- 
foundland. Lon. 56° 25' W. ; lat. 50° 10' N. 

WHITE BEAR LAKE, lake, N. America, 
one of the most northerly of those lakes which 
supply the Mississippi. It is about 60 m. in 
circumference. Lon. 95° 30' W. ; lat. 46° 50' N. 

WHITE BLUFF, settlement, Chatham co. 
Geo. 10 m. S. from Savannah. 

WHITE CAVE, cave, Ken. a mile from 
Mammoth Cave. It contains many splendid 
and beautiful petrifactions. 

WHITE CHIMNEYS, v. Caroline co. Va. 
30 m. NNE. from Richmond. 

WHITE CLAY CREEK, rises in Chester 
co. Pa. flows SE. into Newcastle co. Del. and 
joins Red Clay creek near their joint influx 
into the Christiana. 

WHITE CREEK, t. Washington co. N. Y. 
It is the seat of an academy, 36 m. NE. from 
Albany. Pop. 2,448. 

WHITE DAY, t. Monongahela co. Va. 320 
m. NW. from Richmond. 

WHITE DEER, v. Lycoming co. Pa. 10 
SSE. from Williamsport, and 84 m. N. from 
Harrisburg. 

WHITE-EARTH, r. N. America, empties 
into the Missouri, 1,840 in. from the Missis- 
sippi. 

WHITEFACE, mt. N. H., N. of Sandwieb 
mountain. 

WHITEFACE, mt. in Jay, N. Y. It com- 
mands a very extensive prospect. Montreal 
80 m. distant, may be seen from its summit. 
Its height is estimated at 2,600 feet. 

WHITEFIELD, t. Lincoln co. Me. on both 
sides of Sheepscot river, 15 m. N. from Wis- 
casset. Pop. 2,020. 

WHITEFIELD, t. Coos co. N. H. 4 m. 
from Connecticut river, 120 m. N. from Con- 
cord. Pop. 685. 

WHITE FISH POINT, peninsula, Michi- 
gan territory, extending into Lake Superior, 
33 m. W. St. Mary's river. 

WHITEHALL, t. Washington co. N. Y. 
It stands at the mouth of a creek flowing into 
the S. end of Lake Champlain. The northern 



438 



Will— WITT 



canal from the Hudson here passes into the 
lake. Sloops, steam-boats, and other lake craft 
come up to the town, and the trade of the place 
:s very active. A steam-boat plies regularly 
between Whitehall and St. Johns, L. C. 70 m. 
N. from Albany, 170 NW. from Boston. Pop. 
2,888. 

WHITEHALL, v. Columbia co. Pa. 2 m. 
N from Danville, and 81 m. a little E. of N. 
from Harrisburg. 

WHITE HALL, v. Frederick co. Va. 92 
m. westerly from W. 

WHITE HALL, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C. 
169 m. SW. from Raleigh. 

WHITE HALL, v. Abbeville district, S. C. 
100 m. W. from Columbia. 

WHITEHAVEN, v. Somerset co. Md. 

WHITEHEAD, isl. in the Atlantic, near 
the coast of Maine. Lon. 67° 40' W. ; lat. 44° 
43' N. 

WHITE HOUSE, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. 
9 m. NW. by W. from Summerville, and 39 
m. N. from Trenton. 

WHITE LAKE, v. on the Nevvburgh turn- 
pike road, Sullivan co. N. Y. 50 m. NW. by 
W. from Nevvburgh, and 122 m. NW. from Al- 
bany. 

WHITELEY, co. Ken. bounded by Ten. 
S. Wayne co. Ken. W. Rockcastle river NW. 
Knox NE. and Harlan E. Length 40 m. mean 
width 14. Cumberland river traverses it from 
SE. to NW. Chief town, Williamsburg. Pop. 
in 1820, 2,340; in 1830,3,807. 

WHITELEY, C. H. and v. Whiteley co. 
Ken. 78 m. SSE. from Hartford, 557 from W. 

WHITELEYSBURG, v. Kent co Del. 22 
m. SE. from Dover. 

WH1TEMARSH, v. Montgomery co. Pa. 
about 12 m. N. from Philadelphia. The White- 
marsh has long been noted for its elegant and 
variegated marble. 

WHITE MOUNTAINS, or White Hills, 
range of mountains, N. H. 18 or 20 m. long 
and 8 or 10 broad. The base of the mountains 
is about 25 SE. from Lancaster, and Mount 
Washington, the highest summit, is 70 m. in 
a right line N. from Concord, 82 N. by W. 
from Portsmouth. Lon. 71° 20' W. ; lat. 44° 
15' N. In the western pass of these moun- 
tains there is a remarkable gap, called the 
Notch. These mountains are covered with 
snow 9 or 10 months in the year, and derive 
their name from their white appearance. They 
are seen many miles off at sea, and a person, 
when on their summit, has a distinct view of 
the Atlantic Ocean, the nearest part of which 
is 65 m. distant in a direct line. The limit of 
forest-trees is at the height of 4,428 feet. The 
view from the summit of Mount Washington 
is wonderfully grand and picturesque. Innu- 
merable mountains, lakes, ponds, rivers, towns, 
and villages meet the delighted eye, and the 
dim Atlantic stretches its waters along the 
eastern horizon. To the N. is seen the lofty 
summits of Adams and Jefferson, and to the 
E. a little detached from the range stands 
Mount Madison. Mount Washington is sup- 
ported on the N. by a high ridge which ex- 
tends to Mount Jefferson ; on the NE. by a 



large grassy plain, terminating in a vast spur 
extending far away in that direction ; E. by a 
promontory of no great extent, but which 
breaks off abruptly ; S. and SE. by a grassy 
plain, in summer, of more than 40 acres. The 
more elevated parts of these mountains are 
occasionally subject to slides of earth, which 
sweep suddenly down their sides, and occasion 
great damage. A serious calamity of this kind 
occurred at the Notch in August, 1826, to a 
family of the name of Willey, who occupied 
a dwelling in the narrowest part of the defile 
many miles from any other human habitation.. 
At midnight, during a furious storm of rain, 
the mountain broke loose above them, and 
poured down in a torrent of earth, rocks, and 
trees. The family, aroused by the noise, im- 
mediately fled from the house, but were over- 
taken by the rushing mass, and swept to de- 
struction. The roads and bridges along the 
valley were destroyed, the streams choked up, 
and heaps of earth, rocks, and trees, exhibited 
a frightful picture of desolation. 

The following table exhibits the elevation of 
the several peaks, according to the measure- 
ment of capt. A. Partridge. 

Feet above Feet above 
the sea. the base. 

Mount Washington 6,234 4,464 

2d peak .5*328 3,554 

3d peak. 5,058 3,288 

4th peak 4,866 3,096 

5th peak .... 4,711 2,941 

6th peak 4,356 2,586 

Base of the mountains,. .1,770 

WHITE OAK, v. Rutherford co. N. C. 524 
m. from W. 

WHITE OAK CREEK, r. N. C. runs into 
the Atlantic. Lon. 77° 26' W. ; lat. 34° 39' N. 

WHITE OAK MOUNTAINS, in W. part 
of N. C. Lon. 82° 30' W. ; lat. 36° 10' N. 

WHITE OAK SPRING, v. Gibson co. In 

WHITE PLAINS, v. Orange co. Va. 

WHITE PLAINS, v. Granville co. N. C. 

WHITE PLAINS, v. White co. Ten. 

WHITE PLAINS, v. Westchester co. N. Y. 
15 m. N. of Kingsbridge, and 30 of the city of 
New York. Pop. 759. 

WHITE PLAINS, v Jackson co. Ten. 56 
m. NE. from Murfreesborough. 

WHITE POST, v. Frederick co. Va. 10 m. 
SSE. from Winchester, and 78 a little N. of 
W. from W. 

WHITE RIVER, v. Lawrence co. Arkan- 
sas, 125 m. from Little Rock. 

WHITE RIVER, r. In. is the great south 
eastern branch of the Wabash. It is formed 
by two branches, both rising about lat. 40° N. 
and lon. from W. 8° W. and near the western 
boundary of the state of Ohio. Flowing by a 
general course SW. about 70 miles, the two 
branches unite, and continuing below their 
junction 30 miles, join the Wabash, between 
Knox and Gibson cos. at lat. 30° 27' N. 

WHITE RIVER, r. of Ark. and Mis. rises 
in the southern part of the latter, and northern 
part of the former, by 2 large branches, White 
river proper, or NW. branch, and Black river, 
or NE. branch. Both these rivers are naviga- 



WHI— WIL 



439 



ble in seasons of high water, far above their 
junction. They unite in Arkansas, lat. 35° 
30' N. and the stream flows thence nearly a S. 
course about 120 m. S. and falls into Mississippi 
river 30 in. above the mouth of Arkansas. 
White river is at all seasons navigable below 
the mouth of Black river. The length of this 
stream, following either branch, is about 350 
miles. 

WHITE RIVER, v. Lawrence co. Mis. 

WHITE RIVER, r. Vt. rises in Kingston, 
and runs into the Connecticut, at Hartford. 
Length 50 miles. 

WHITE RIVER, t. Knox co. In. 

WHITE RIVER, r. La. runs into the Mis- 
souri, 1130 m. from the Mississippi. 

WHITE RIVER, r. N. America, runs into 
Lake Michigan, Ion. 85° 35' W. ; lat. 43° 
40' N. 

WHITE ROCK, v. Charlotte co. Va. 

WHITE ROCK, v. Halifax co. Va. 

WHITESBOROUGH, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 
4 m. NW. from Utica. It is principally built 
on a single street, 1^ m. long, and contains a 
handsome court-house, a jail, academy, and 2 
churches, 1 for Baptists and 1 for Presbyteri- 
ans. Many of the dwelling-houses are elegant. 

WHITE'S CREEK, v. Rhea co. Ten. 

WHITESTOWN, t. Oneida co. N.Y. on 
the Mohawk, comprising the villages of Whites- 
borough and New Hartford. Pop. 4,410. 

WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, v. Green- 
brier co. Va. 

WHITESVILLE, t. and cap. Columbus co. 
N. C. 

WHITEWATER, t. Hamilton co. Ohio. 
Pop. 1,734. 

. WHITE WATER, r. rises in In. and re- 
ceiving numerous tributaries, runs into the 
Miami, in Ohio, 5 m. above the junction of that 
river with the Ohio, 20 m. below Brookville. 
It is a beautiful, transparent stream. It has 
a rapid current, not easily navigable, but is 
well adapted to mills, and many are now 
erected. 

WHITE WOMAN'S RIVER, r. Ohio, is 
formed by the union of Mohiccan and Owl 
creeks, and flows into the Muskingum, at Co- 
shocton. 

WHITING, t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter 
creek, 50 m. SW. from Montpelier. Pop. 653. 

WHITINGHAM, t. Windham co. Vt. 52 m. 
S. from Windsor. Pop. 1,477. 

WHITTEDSVILLE, v. Buncombe co. N.C. 

WICKFORD, v. in North Kingston, R. I. 
<on Narraganset Bay, 9 m. NW. from Newport. 
It is pleasantly situated, and contains about 100 
dwelling-houses, a bank, an academy, with a 
building of 60 feet by 30, and about 60 stu- 
dents ; 3 churches, 1 each for Baptists, Episco- 
palians, and Quakers. 

WICOMICO, r. Md. rises in Delaware, and 
falls into the Chesapeake, S. of the Nanticoke. 

WICOMICO CHURCH, v. Northumber- 
land co. Va. 

WICONISCO, creek, Dauphin co. Pa. runs 
into the Susquehannah on the E. side, 14 m. 
above the Juniatta. 



WICONISCO MOUNTAIN, Dauphin to. 
Pa. S. of Wiconisco creek. 

WIGHCOMICO, short navigable river, Md. 
flows into the Potomac, 35 m. from its mouth. 

WILBRAHAM, t. Hampden co. Mass. 10 
m. SE. from Springfield, 77 WSW. from Bos- 
ton. Pop. 2,035. 

WILCOX, co. Al. bounded N. by Dallas, 
E. by Montgomery, S. by Butler and Monroe, 
W. by Clarke and Marengo. Chief town, Can- 
ton. Pop. 2,469. 

WILDERNESS, v. Spotsylvania co. Va. 

WILKES, co. Geo. bounded by Columbia 
and Warren SE. Greene SW. Oglethorpe NW 
Bvoad river or Jefferson and Lincoln cos. E. 
It is about 22 m. square. Chief town, Wash- 
ington. Pop. in 1820, 16,912 ; in 1830, 14,237. 

WILKES, co. north-west corner of N. C. 
bounded N. by Asher, E. by Surrey, S. by Ire- 
dell and Burke, W. by Burke and Asher. Chief 
town, Wilkesborough. Pop. in 1820, 9,967; in 
1830, 11,942. 

WILKES, t. and cap. Wilkes co. N.C. 50 
m. W. from Germ an town, 442 from W. 

WILKES, t. Gallia co. Ohio. Pop. 476. 

WILKESBARRE, formerly Wyoming, t. 
and cap. Luzerne co. Pa. on the SE. side of 
the Susquehannah, 119 m. NW. from Phila- 
delphia, 121 NE. from Harrisburg, 222 from 
W. Pop. 2,233. It contains a court-house, 
jail, church, bank, and academy, and issues 2 
weekly newspapers. A dreadful massacre was 
committed in this place during the American 
war, by the Indians under the command of 
Col. Butler. 

WILKINSON, co. SW. corner of Mis. Pop. 
11,693. Chief town, Woodville. 

WILKINSON, co. SW. part of Geo. Pop. 
6,558. Chief town, Irwinton. 

WILKINSONVILLE, t. Randolph co. II 
on the Ohio, about half-way between Fort Mas- 
sac and the mouth of the Ohio. 

WILKINSONVILLE, v. Chesterfield co. 
Virginia. 

WILLAMANTIC, r. Ct. It is a principal 
branch of the Shetucket, which it joins N. of 
Lebanon. 

WILLEQUENGAUGUM, lake on E. side 
of Me. at the sources of the St. Croix. 

WILLET, t. Cortlandt co. N. Y. Pop. 840. 

WILLIAMS, NW. co. of Ohio, bounded N. 
by Michigan, E. by Henry co. S. by Paulding, 
and W. by the state of Indiana. It is above 
25 m. long from N. to S. by 24 broad from E. 
to W. It is not settled. The principal waters 
are the St. Joseph's and Maumee rivers. 

WILLIAMSBOROUGH, t. Burlington co. 
N. J. 

WILLIAMSBOROUGH, v. Greenville co. 
N. C. on the W. side of Nutbush creek, a 
branch of the Roanoke, 17 m. W. from War- 
renton, about 37 W. by N. from Halifax, and 
49 NE. from Hillsborough. 

WILLIAMSBURG, t. N. from Sebec river, 
Penobscot co. Me. 65 m. N. from Belfast, 40 
NNW. from Bangor, and 175 NNE. from Port- 
land. Pop. 227. 

WILLIAMSBURG, t. Hampshire co. Mass 



440 



WIL—WIL 



8 m. NW. from Northampton, 100 W. from 
Boston. Pop. 1,225. 

WILLIAMSBURG, v. Huntingdon co. Pa. 

WILLIAMSBURG, t. Talbot co. Md. 5 m. 
NE. from Easton. 

WILLIAMSBURG, v. Clermont co. Ohio, 
35 m. ENE. from Cincinnati, 65 W. by S. 
from Chillicothe. Pop. 286. It was formerly 
the cap. of the co. It contains a court-house, 
a jail, and a printing-office. 

WILLIAMSBURG, v. James City co. Va. 
32 m. E. by S. from Richmond. This town 
was once the capital of the state, but is now 
much decayed from its former importance. It 
still contains William and Mary College, which 
was founded here in 1693. It has 7 instruct- 
ors and 60 students. The libraries have 4,200 
volumes. It has one vacation of nearly four 
months, from July to October. Commence- 
ment is in July. 

WILLIAMSBURG, t. Clermont co. Ohio, 
containing a village of the same name. Pop. 
1,609. 

WILLIAMSBURG, t. Mason co. Ken. 
WILLIAMSBURG, district, NE. part of 
S C 

WILLIAMSBURG, t. and cap. Williams- 
burg district, S. C. 72 m. NNE. from Charleston. 

WILLIAMSBURG, v. Jackson co. Ten. 
on N. side of the Cumberland, about 15 m. 
ENE. from Carthage. Six miles NE. of this 
village there is a valuable salt-spring, where 
large quantities of salt are made. 

WILLI AMSFIELD,t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. 

WILLIAMSON, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on S. 
side of Lake Ontario, 20 m. N. from Canan- 
daigua. Pop. 1,788. 

WILLIAMSON, co. W. Ten. Pop. 26,608. 
Chief town, Franklin. 

WILLI AMSPORT,bor. and cap. Lycoming 
co. Pa. on W. branch of the Susquehannah, 38 
m. above Northumberland, 2J E. from New- 
bury, 190 from W. 

WILLIAMSPORT, t. Washington co. Md. 
on the Potomac, 6 m. W. from Elizabethtown. 

WILLIAMS' RIVER, r. Vt. rises in Ches- 
ter, and runs into the Connecticut, 3 m. N. 
from Bellows Falls. 

WILLIAMSTON, t. and cap. Martin co. 
N. C. on the Roanoke, 50 m. SE. from Halifax, 
277 from W. 

WILLIAMSTOWN, t. Orange co. Vt. 11 
m. S. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,487. 

WILLIAMSTOWN, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 
28 m. N. from Lenox, 135 W. by N. from Bos- 
ton. Lon. 73° 15' W.; lat. 42° 38' N. Pop. 
2,137. It is situated in NW. corner of the 
state, having Saddle Mountain on the E. and 
hills which separate it from New York on the 
W. being in a beautiful vale. Hoosack river 
flows through the NE. part. It is a fine agri- 
cultural town, and contains 2 Congregational 
meeting-houses, a college, and some manufac- 
turing establishments. Williams College, at 
this place, was founded in 1793 ; it is a re- 
spectable and flourishing institution ; the build- 
ings are, two brick edifices 4 stories high, and 
a laboratory. The libraries contain about 4,000 
volumes ; the number of students ranges from 



100 to 150 ; the whole number of graduates 
from its commencement to 1830, was 700. 
Lectures are given on chemistry, mathematics 
and natural philosophy, languages, and divini- 
ty. There are 3 terms in a year. Term bills, 
including tuition, room rent, library, &c. are 
usually less than 10 dollars. Board is usually 

2 dollars a week. Commencement is held on 
the first Wednesday in September. There are 

3 vacations ; the first, from commencement 4 
weeks ; the second, from the 4th Wednesday 
in December 6 weeks; the third, from the 3d 
Wednesday in May, 3 weeks. 

WILLIAMSTOWN, t. Oswego co. N.Y. 
W. of Camden. Pop. 606. 

WILLIAMSTOWN, v. Grant co. Ken. 

WILLIAMSVILLE, v. in Buffalo, N. Y. 
11m. NE. from Buffalo. 

WILLI AMSVILLE, v. on Ellicott's creek, 
Erie co. N. Y. 12 m. NE. from Buffalo. 

WILLIAMSVILLE, v. Chesterfield co. Va. 
43 m. from Richmond. 

WILLIAMSVILLE, v. Person co. N. C. 

WILLIAMSVILLE, v. Christian co. Ken. 

WILLIMANTIC, rapids in Connecticut r. 
Mass. about a mile below South Hadley canal. 
They are avoided by opening a channel a mile 
in length on the western shore. 

WILLINBOROUGH,t. Burlington co.N.J. 
on the Delaware, 14 m. from Philadelphia 
Pop. 782. 

WILLINGBOROUGH, v. Susquehannah 
co. Pa. 

WILLING'S CREEK, r. Mis. runs into the 
Mississippi, lon. 91° 21' W. ; lat. 30° 49' N. 

WILLINGTON, v. Abbeville district, S. C 

WILLINGTON, t. Tolland co. Ct. 8 m. E. 
from Tolland, 26 NE. Hartford. Pop. 1,305. 

WILLIS'S CREEK, r. Va. runs into the 
James river, lon. 78° 18' W. ; lat. 37° 40' N. 

WILLIS'S MOUNTAIN, mt. Buckingham 
co. Va. 42 m. S. from Charlottesville. 

WILLISTON, t. Chittenden co. Vt. 8 m. 
ESE. from Burlington. 

WILLOUGHBY, t. Lincoln co. U. C. on 
Niagara river, just above the falls. 

WILLOUGHBY LAKE, lake, in Essex co. 
Vermont. 

WILLOW GROVE, v. Montgomery co. Pa, 

WILLOW GROVE, v. Sumpter district, 
S. Carolina. 

WILLS, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 1,596. 

WILLSBOROUGH, t. Essex co. N. Y. on 
Lake Champlain, S. from Chesterfield. Pop. 
1,316. 

WILL'S CREEK, r. rises in Pa. and runs 
S. by W. into the Potomac, at Cumberland, in 
Maryland. 

WILLSHIRE, v. Van Wert co. Ohio, 131 
m. NW. from Columbus. 

WILLTOWN, v. in Fairfield, Ct. 279 m. 
from W. 

WILLTOWN, v. Williamsburg district, 
S. Carolina. 

WILLTOWN, v. Charleston district, S.C. on 
the Edisto, 27 m. WSW. from Charleston. 

WILMINGTON, t. Windham co. Vt. 21 m. 
E. from Bennington. Pop. 1367. 

WILMINGTON, t. Essex co. N.Y. Pop. 695. 



\ 



WIL— WIN 



441 



WILMINGTON, t. Middlesex co Mass. 16 
am. N. from Boston. Pop. 731. 

WILMINGTON, city and port of entry, 
Newcastle co. Del. between the Brandywine 
■and Christiana creeks, 1 m. above their conflu- 
ence, and 2 W. from the Delaware, 5 N. from 
Newcastle, 28 SW. from Philadelphia, 72 NE. 
from Baltimore, and 110 from W. Lon. 77° 
34' W. ; lat. 39° 43' N. Pop. in 1820, 5,268 ; 
in 1830, 6,628. The position of the town is 
high, airy and pleasant; it is regularly laid 
out, the streets crossing each other at right 
angles. It is supplied with water from the 
Brandywine, by water-works, like those of 
Philadelphia. The city contains a town-hall, 
2 market-houses, 3 banks, a spacious alms- 
house of .stone, a U.S. arsenal, and 13 houses 
of public worship, viz. 3 for Episcopalians, 3 
for Presbyterians, 3 for Methodists, 2 for 
Friends, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Roman Cath- 
olics. The Christiana ; admits vessels drawing 
14 feet of water to the town, and those of 8 
feet can ascend 8 m. further. The Brandy- 
wine has 8 feet of water to the mills. This 
town owns more than 10,000 tons of shipping. 
Its staple article of export is flour. There is 
a bridge over the Brandywine, and one over 
the Christiana, connecting it on each side with 
the beautiful surrounding country, in which it 
is situated. The celebrated Brandywine flour 
mills are in a village a little distant from the 
town. These flour mills were formerly the 
most numerous and important in the U. S. 
Those in Rochester, New York, now vie with 
ithem. Within 10 m. of Wilmington there are 
at least 100 important manufactories, render- 
ing it the largest manufacturing district in the 
Atlantic states S. of Philadelphia. The prin- 
cipal articles manufactured are flour, cotton, 
wool, paper, iron castings, and powder. The 
celebrated powder manufactory of E. I. Du- 
pont is on the Brandywine, near Wilmington. 
The Brandywine Chalybeate Springs are like- 
wise within 5 m. of Wilmington, situated in a 
highly romantic and rural country. The 
building for the accommodation of boarders 
will bear comparison with any similar estab- 
lishment in the U. S. It is a place of great 
resort for invalids and people of fashion during 
the warm season. Wilmington is noted for 
the number and excellence of its private 
schools, which may be attributed to a want of 
enterprise in its inhabitants to encourage pub- 
lic institutions. There is not a seminary in 
the city ,of public endowment. Among the 
private seminaries are three Friends' boarding- 
schools, two for boys, and one for young ladies, 
of long-established celebrity ; there are several 
Other schools of the first order that accommo- 
date both boarding and day scholars. The 
whole number of schools is above 40, most of 
which are taught by females. A Catholic 
charity school for the education of orphans is 
among the number. There are 4 printing- 
offices in the town, from which are issued 4 
periodical papers, 2 semi-weekly and 2 weekly. 
There is likewise a public library of 2,200 
•Volumes. Wilmington carries on a brisk trade 
fs^ith Philadelphia ; two steam-boats run daily 



between the two cities, and a third runs be- 
tween Wilmington and New Jersey. It con- 
tains a large number of stores of almost every 
description, from which goods may be bought, 
at retail, on as good or better terms than in 
Philadelphia. 

WILMINGTON, t. port of entry, and cap. 
New Hanover co. N. C. on the E. side of Cape 
Fear river, just below the confluence of the 
NE. and NW. branches, about 35 m. from the 
sea ; 90 SE. from Fayetteville, 93 SSW. from 
Newbern, and 416 from W. Lon. 78° 10' W. ; 
lat. 34° 11' N. Pop. 2,700. It contains a 
court-house, a jail, an academy, 2 banks, a 
printing-office, an Episcopal, and a Presbyte- 
rian church. The exports from this town 
some years exceeds 1,000,000 dollars. It is 
well situated for trade, but is accounted un- 
healthy. The harbor admits vessels of 300 
tons, but the entrance is rendered dangerous 
and difficult by a large shoal. Opposite the 
town are two islands, which extend with the 
course of the river, dividing it into 3 channels. 

WILMINGTON, island, near the coast of 
Georgia, at the mouth of the Savannah river. 
Lat. 32° N. 

WILMINGTON, t. and cap. Clinton co. 
Ohio, 50 .m. W. from Chillicothe, 54 NE. from 
Cincinnati, 60 SW. from Columbus, and 444 
from W. It was laid out in 1810, and is a 
flourishing town, containing a printing-office, 
and 607 inhabitants. 

WILMINGTON, t. Fluvanna co. Va. 

WILMOT, i. Merrimack co. N. H. 29 m. 
NW. from Concord. Pop. 834. 

WILNA, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. Pop. 1,602. 

WILSON, t. Niagara co. N. Y. Pop. 913. 

WILSON, co. West Ten. on the S. side of 
Cumberland river. Pop. 25,447. Chief town, 
Lebanon. 

WILSON HILL, v. Shelby co. Al. 133 m. 
NNE. from Cahawba. 

WILTON, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 35 m. NW. 
from Augusta, 200 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 
1,650. 

WILTON, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 9 m. 
WSW. from Amherst, 40 SSW. from Concord. 
Pop. 1,041. 

WILTON, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 7 m. N. from 
Norwalk. Pop. 2,095. Here is an academy. 

WILTON, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. Pop. 1,303. 

WINCHENDON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 
33 m. NNW. from Worcester, 60 NW. from 
Boston. Pop. 1,463. 

WINCHESTER, t. Cheshire co. N. H 13 
m. SSW. from Keene, 70 WSW. from Con 
cord. Pop. 2,052. 

WINCHESTER, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 15 m. 
N. Litchfield. Pop. 1,766. 

WINCHESTER, v. Greene co. Ohio, on 
Anderson's creek, 7 m. from Xenia. Pop. 8. 

WINCHESTER, v. Guernsey co. Ohio, 33 m. 
NNE. from Zanesville, 45 W. from Wheeling. 

WINCHESTER, city and cap. Frederick 
co. Va. 30 m. SW. from Harper's Ferry, 70 
WNW. from Washington, 95 NE. from Staun- 
ton, 150 NNW. from Richmond. Lon. 77° 
28' W. ; lat. 39° 16' N. Pop. about 5,000. It 
is pleasantly situated, regularly laid out in 



442 



WIN— WIN 



squares, is a handsome and flourishing town, 
and contains a court-house, a jail, an alms- 
house, a market-house, as well as a freema- 
sons' hall, 2 banks, 2 academies, 1 for males 
and 1 for females, 2 printing-offices, from each 
of which is issued a weekly newspaper, and 6 
houses of public worship, for Presbyterians, 
Episcopalians, German Lutherans, Baptists, 
Methodists, and Roman Catholics. The prin- 
cipal street is well paved, and the town well 
built, a large part of the houses being of brick. 
It is supplied with excellent water by an aque- 
duct. Near the town there are several medi- 
cinal springs ; in the vicinity there are a num- 
ber of flour mills. It has a large number of 
manufactories and workshops, and being cen- 
tral to many mineral springs, and a place 
noted for its salubrity and pleasantness, it is a 
summer resort for strangers. 

WINCHESTER, t. and cap. Clarke co. Ken. 
on a branch of Licking river, 16 m. SSE. from 
Paris, and 530 from W. Pop. 620. Here is 
a printing-office. 

WINCHESTER, t. and cap. Franklin co. 
Ten. on Elk river, about 35 m. E. by N. from 
Fayetteville, and 687 m. from W. 

WINCHESTER, v. and seat of justice, 
Wayne co. Mis. on Oaktibbehan, branch of 
Pascagoula river, 180 m. E. from Natchez, 150 
NE. from New Orleans. Lat. 31° 39' N. 

WINDHAM, co. SE. part of Vt. bounded 
N. by Windsor co. E. by Connecticut river, S. 
by Massachusetts, and W. by Bennington co. 
Pop. 28,758. Chief town, Newfane. 

WINDHAM, t. Windham co. Vt. 25 m. 
SW. from Windsor. Pop. 84. 

WINDHAM, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 34 
m. NNW. from Boston, 40 WSW. from Ports- 
mouth. Pop. 1,006. 

WINDHAM, c< Ct. bounded N. and E. by 
Massachusetts, S. by New London co. and W. 
by Tolland co. Pop. 27,077. Chief town, 
Brooklyn. 

WINDHAM, t. Windham co. Ct. 12 m. 
NNW. from Norwich, 31 E. from Hartford, 
365 from W. Pop. 2,812. It is watered by 
the Shetucket, and has two considerable vil- 
lages, one called Windhamtown, and the other 
Williamantie, or the State ; in the latter are 5 
large manufactories of cotton, from which has 
sprung this flourishing village. 

WINDHAM, t. Greene co. N. Y. SW. from 
Catskill. Pop. 3,472. 

WINDHAM, v. Portage co. Ohio, 220 m. 
NE. from Columbus. 

WINDSOR, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 36 m. 
from Portland. Pop. 1,485. 

WINDSOR, co. E. side of Vt. bounded N. 
by Orange co. E. by Connecticut river, S. by 
Windham co. and W. by Rutland and Addi- 
son cos. Pop. 40,623. Chief towns, Windsor 
and Woodstock. 

WINDSOR, t. Windsor co. Vt. on W. bank 
of the Connecticut, 18 m. S. from Dartmouth 
College, 61 m. S. from Montpelier, 112 NW. 
from Boston, 126 N. from Hartford, 463 from 
W. Lon. 72° 30' W.; lat. 43° 29'. N. Pop. 
3,134. It is a very pleasant, handsome, and 
flourishing town, one of the largest in the 



state, and has considerable trade. It contains 
a court-house, a state prison, an academy for 
young ladies, and 3 handsome houses of pub- 
lic worship, for Congregationalists, Baptists, 
and Episcopalians. The academy is a respect- 
able institution, and has from 70 to 100 pupils. 
The building is of brick, 2 stories high. 

WINDSOR, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 28 m 
WSW. from Concord. Pop. 226. 

WINDSOR, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 20 m 
NE. from Lenox, 120 W. from Boston. Pop. 
1,042. 

WINDSOR, t. Hartford co. Ct. on W. side 
of the Connecticut, 7 m. N. from Hartford. 
Pop. 3,220. It is a pleasant town, and has 
an academy. 

WINDSOR, East, t. Hartford co. Ct. on E. 
side of the Connecticut, nearly opposite Wind- 
sor, 7 m. NNE. from Hartford. Pop. 3,537. 
It contains an academy. 

WINDSOR, East, t. Middlesex co. N. J. 
Pop. 2,129. 

WINDSOR, West, t. Middlesex co. N. J. 
Pop. 1,903. 

WINDSOR, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 25 m. 
NW. from Warren. Pop. 666. 

WINDSOR, t. and cap. Bertie co. N. C. on 
the Cashie, 23 m. WSW. from Edenton, 280 
from W. 

WINDSOR CREEK, r. N. America, which 
runs into the Missouri, 190 m, below the 
Great Falls. 

WINDSOR RIVER, r. Ct. which runs into 
the Connecticut, 4 m. N. from Hartford. 

WINDWARD ISLANDS, such of the 
Caribbean, in the West Indies, as commence at 
Martinico, and extend to Tobago. 

WINDWARD PASSAGE, strait between 
Point Maizi, at the E. end of the Island of 
Cuba, and Cape St. Nicholas, at the NW. ex- 
tremity of St. Domingo. 

WINEBAGO, lake, NW. Territory. Lon. 
87° 46' W. ; lat. 43° 50' N. 

WINEBAGO RIVER, r. NW. Territory, 
which runs from Winnebago Lake to Green 
Bay in Lake Michigan. 

WINEE, or Black river, r. S. C. which 
rises near Camden, and runs SE. into the 
Great Pedee, 3 m. above Georgetown. 

WINFIELD, t. Herkimer co. N.Y. 10 m. 
SW. from Herkimer, 10 S. from Utica. Pop. 
1,778. 

WINFIELD, or Marlborough, t. Marlbo- 
rough district, S. C. 

WINHALL, t. Bennington co. Vt. about 
60 m. NE. from Albany in N. Y. and 25 m. 
W. from Bellows Falls. Pop. 571. 

WINNIPEG LAKE, N. America, the 
source of the highest branch of the Mississippi 
river. Lon. 95° 8' W. ; lat. 47° 16' N. 

WINN1PISEOGEE LAKE, N. H. in Straf- 
ford co. 20 m. long, and 8, where widest, 
broad. It is a beautiful lake, of a very irregu- 
lar form, and contains a number of islands. 

WINNIPISEOGEE, r. N. H. runs from 
Lake Winnipiseogee into the Merrimack, S. 
of Sanbornton. 

WINNSBOROUGH, t. and cap. Fairfield 
co. S. C. 8 m. W. of the Wateree, 30 m. NNW. 



WIN — WOO 



443 



from Columbia, 145 NNW. from Charleston. 
It contains a court-house and a jail. 

WINSLOW, t. Kennebeck co. Me. on the 
Kennebeck, opposite Waterville, 16 m. N. from 
Augusta, 1S6 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,259. 

WINSTED, v. and parish, in Litchfield co. 
Ct. in NE. part of Winchester, containing 
flourishing manufactures. 

WINTHROP, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 11 m. 
W. from Augusta, 160 NNE. from Boston. 
Pop. 1,887. It is a considerable and flourish- 
ing town, and has manufactures of cotton and 
wool, and also of copperas. 

WINTON, cap. Hertford co. N. C. on the 
Chowan, 35 m. NNW. from Edenton. It 
contains but a few houses. 

WINTONBURY, v. Hartford co. Ct. 
_ WINYAW BAY, S. C. formed by the 
junction of the Pedee, Wakkamaw, and Wi- 
nee. It is 12 m. long. 

WISCASSET, t. port of entry, and cap. 
Lincoln co. Me. on W. side the Sheepscot, 8 
m. NE. from Bath, 43 NE. from Portland, 160 
NE. from Boston, 600 from W. Lon. 90° 40' 
W. ; lat. 43° N. Pop. 2,244. It is pleasantly 
situated, and contains a court-house, a jail, a 
meeting-house, an academy, a bank, an insu- 
rance office, and has considerable trade. The 
harbor is rarely frozen. 

WISER'S CREEK, r. N. America, runs 
into the Missouri, 342 m. below the Great Falls. 

WISESBURG, v. Baltimore co. Md. 25 m. 
NW. from Baltimore. 

WOBURN, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 10 m. 
N. from Boston. Pop. 1,977. 

WOLCOTT, t. Orleans co. Vt. 28 m. N. 
from Montpelier. Pop. 492. 

WOLCOTT, t. New Haven co. Ct. 23 m. 
N. from New Haven. Pop. 844. 

WOLCOTT, t. Wayne co. N. Y. on S. side 
of Lake Ontario, 200 m. W. from Albany. 
Pop. 1,085. 

WOLCOTTSVILLE, v. Litchfield co. Ct. 

WOLF ISLAND, or Grande, isl. at NE. 
end of Lake Ontario. Lon. 75° 50' W. ; lat. 
44° N. 

WOLF RIVER, r. Ten. runs into the Mis- 
sissippi, N. of Chickasaw Bluff. 

WOLF RIVER, r. La. runs into the Mis- 
souri, 464 m. from the Missouri. 

WOLF RIVER, r Mis. runs S. into the 
Gulf of Mexico, 22 m. E. from Pearl river. 
Length 140 m. It forms a considerable bay 
at its moutb, called St. Louis's Bay. 

WOLF ISLAND, small isl. in the Atlantic, 
near the coast of Georgia. Lon. 81° 30' W. ; 
lat. 31° 19' N. 

WOLFEBOROUGH, t. Strafford co. N. H. 
on NE. side of Lake Winnipiseogee, 50 m. 
NNW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,928. 

WALLAWOLLAH, r. N. America, runs 
into the Columbia, below Lewis's river. 

WOLVES' ISLANDS, cluster of small isl- 
ands near E. coast of Maine. Lon. 66° 50' 
W. ; lat. 45° 4' N. 

WOMELSDORF, v. Berks co. Pa. 68 m. 
WNW. from Philadelphia. 

WOOD, co. NW. part of Va. bounded NE. 
by Ohio and Harrison cos. SE. by Harrison 



and Kenhawa cos. SW. by Kenhawa and 
Mason counties, and NW. by the Ohio. Pop. 
6,409. Chief town, Parkersburg. 

WOOD, northern co. of the New Purchase, 
Ohio, bounded N. by Michigan, E. by San- 
dusky and Seneca, S. by Hancock, and W. by 
Henry cos. It is 31 m. long from N. to S. 
by 24 broad from E. to W. Pop. 1,095. Chief 
town, Perrvsburg. 

WOOD "'CREEK, r. N. Y. runs N. into S. 
end of Lake Champlain. Length 23 m. 

WOOD CREEK, r. Oneida co. N. Y. runs 
W. into Oneida Lake. It is connected with 
the Mohawk by a canal, H m. long, and navi- 
gable for boats of 12 or 15 tons. 

W r OOD ISLAND, small isl. near the coast 
of Maine, 15 m. ImE. from Cape Porpoise. 
Lon. 70° 24' W. ; lat, 43° 26' N. 

WOOD, r. N. America, runs into the Mis- 
sissippi, lon. 92 3 35' W. ; lat. 44° N. 

WOODBRIDGE, t. New Haven co. Ct. 7 
m. NW. from New Haven. Pop. 2,049. 

WOODBRIDGE, t. Middlesex co. N. J 
W. of Arthur Kull Sound, 3 m. NNW. from 
Amboy. Pop. 3,969. The village contains an 
Episcopal and Presbvterian church. 

WOODBURY, t Caledonia co. Vt. 19 m. 
NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 824. 

WOODBURY, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 16 m. S. 
from Litchfield. Pop. 2,045. 

WOODBURY, t. and cap. Gloucester co. 
N. J. 9 m. S. from Philadelpbia. It contains 
a court-house, a jail, an academy, a Quaker 
meeting-house, and upwards of 100 houses. 

WOODFORD, t. Bennington co. Vt. 8 m. 
E. from Bennington. Pop. 395. 

WOODFORD, co. central part of Ken. 
Pop. 12,294. Chief town, Versailles. 

WOODSBOROUGH, t. Frederick co. Md. 
11m. NE. from Fredericktown. 

WOODSFIELD, t. and cap. Monroe co. 
Ohio, 31 m. SW. from St. Clairsville, 35 m. 
N. from Marietta, 294 from W. Pop. 157. 

WOODS, Lake of the, lake of N. America, 
90 m. long, and 30 where broadest, but very 
irregular in its shape. It lies between the 
Winnipeg and Lake Superior, chiefly in U. C. 
but the S. part is in the territory of the U. S. 
The lands on its banks are covered with oaks, 
pines, firs, &,c. 

WOODSTOCK, t. Oxford co. Me. 8 m. N. 
from Paris. Pop, 573. 

WOODSTOCK, t. and cap. Windsor co. 
Vt. 14 m. NW. from Windsor, 47 S. from 
Montpelier. Pop. 3,044. Here is a pleasant 
and handsome village, situated on the Water- 
queechy, containing a court-house, a jail, and 
a Congregational meeting-house, and it has 
some trade. 

WOODSTOCK, t. Windham co. Ct. 6 m. 
N. from Pomfret, 40 ENE. from Hartford. Pop. 
2,S28. It consists of 3 parishes, is a valuable 
agricultural town, and contains an academy. 

WOODSTOCK, t. and cap. Shenandoah co. 
"Va. 12 m. SSW. from Strasburg, 30 SSW. from 
Winchester. It is a pleasant town, and con- 
tains a handsome stone court-house, a jail, an 
academy, a market-house, 4 houses of public 
worship, for German Lutherans, Presbyterians, 



444 



WOO — WYT 



Episcopalians, and Methodists, and about 600 
inhabitants. 

WOODSTOCK, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 14 m. 
NW. from Kingston. Here are iron works, 
and 2 glass manufactories. 

WOODSTOCK, t. Hyde co. N.C. 

WOODSTOWN, v. Salem co. N. J. It is 
a pleasant place, contains a Quaker meeting- 
house, and about 80 dwellings. 

WOODVILLE, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. 158 
m. NW. from Albany. 

WOODVILLE, v. in the western angle of 
Culpeper co. Va. 98 m. SW. by W. from W. 
and 128 NNW. from Richmond;. 

WOODVILLE, v. on Pamunky r. Han- 
over co. Va. 30 m. a little W. of N. from Rich- 
mond. 

WOODVILLE, v. Perquimans co. N. C. 
231 m. NE. by E. from Raleigh. 

WOODVILLE, v. Wan'en co. Ten. about 
20 m. E. from Murfreesborough. 

WOODVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Wil- 
kinson co. Mis. 38 m. a little E. of S. from 
Natchez. Pop. about 700'. The vicinity of 
W T oodville, watered by the branches of Buffalo 
and Bayou Sara, is one of the most productive 
cotton tracts m Mississippi or Louisiana. Dis- 
tance from W. 1,182 m. 

WOOLWICH, t. Lincoln co. Me. on the 
Kennebeck, opposite Bath, 7 m.W. from Wis- 
casset, 152 NE. from Boston, 620 from W. 
Pop. 1,484. 

WOOLWICH, t. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 
3 033. 

' WOOSTER, t. and cap. Wayne co. Ohio, 
at the head of navigation on the Killbuck, 45 
m. S. from Lake Erie, 65 N. from Zanesville, 
123 W. from Pittsburg, 370 from W; Lat. 40° 
46' N. It is regularly laid out, and contains 
a bank, a land-office, a printing-office, and 977 
inhabitants. Two m. NW. of the town a well 
for salt water has been sunk 280 feet deep. It 
furnishes very salt water in large quantities. 

WORCESTER, t. Washington co. Vt. 10 m. 
N. from Montpelier. Pop. 432. 

WORCESTER, t. and cap. Worcester co. 
Mass. 39 m. NNW. from Providence, 40 W. 
by S. from Boston, 295 from W. Pop. 4,172. 
It contains an elegant court-house, a jail, a 
bank, 2 paper-mills, 2 printing-offices, from 
each of which is issued a weekly newspaper, 
and 3 houses of public worship, 2 for Congre- 
gationalists, and 1 for Baptists. It is pleas- 
antly situated, and is the largest inland town 
in New England, and is a place of much wealth 
and trade. The principal street is upwards 
of a mile in length. The town is handsomely 
built, and the neighboring country is very 
pleasant and well cultivated. Here is the li- 
brary of the American Antiquarian Society, 
consisting of 6,000 volumes; A State Insane 
Asylum has recently been established here. A 
cattle show is held here annually. It has a 
communication with the waters of Narragan- 
set Bay by the Blackstone canal. 

WORCESTER, co. Md. bounded N. by 
Delaware, E. by the Atlantic, S. by Virginia, 
and W. by Somerset co. Pop. 18,271. Chief 
town, Snowhill. 



WORCESTER, co. Mass. bounded N. 
New Hampshire, E. by Middlesex and Noi& 
folk cos. S. by Rhode Island and Connecticut?; 
and W. by Hampden, Hampshire, and Frank- 
lin cos. Pop. 84,365. 

WORCESTER, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 13 m. 
SE. from Cooperstown. Pop. 2,013. 

WORCESTER, t. Washington co. Ohio. 
Pop. 1,953. 

WORTHINGTON, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 

20 m. WNW. from Northampton, 100 W. from 

Boston. 

WORTHINGTON v. Franklin co. Ohio, 
on the Whetstone, 9 m. NNE. from Columbus 
Its situate hii is a pleasant one, and it contains 
an academy and a large woollen manufactory; 
Pop. 314. 

WRENTIiAM, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 19 
NW. from Taunton, 32 SW. from Boston, 420' 
from W. Pop. 2,765. It is a considerable 
town, and contains an academy, and a cotton 
manufactory. Great numbers of straw bon- 
nets are made in this town. 

WRIGHTSBOROUGH, v. Union district* 
S C 

WRIGHTSBOROUGH, v. Columbia co; 

Geo. 

WRIGHTSTOWN, v. Burlington co. N. J. 

21 m. SSE. from Trenton, and 30 NE. by E. 
from Philadelphia. 

WRIGHTSVILLE, v. York co. Pa. on W. 
side of the Susquehannah, opposite Columbia^ 
with which it is connected by a bridge. 

WRIGHTSVILLE, v. Duplin co. N. C. 89 
m. SE. from Raleigh. 

WYACONDA, r. La. runs into the Missis- 
sippi, 34 m. below the Moines. 

WYALUSING, r. Pa. runs into the E. 
branch of the Susquehannah, 8 or 10 m. be- 
low Asylum. 

WYE, creek of Md. separating Queen Anne 
from Talbot co. and falling into Chesapeake 
bay, opposite the S. end of Kent island. 

WYE MILLS, v. Talbot co. Md. 

WYLLIESBURG, t. Charlotte co. Va, 

WYNANT'S KILL, r. N. Y. runs into 
the Hudson, in Troy, 2 m. S. from Poesten's 
Kill. 

WYOMING, or Kingston, v. Luzerne Co. 
Pa. on Susquehannah river, 1 m. from, and di- 
rectly opposite, Wilkesbarre. This village 
stands similar to Wilkesbarre, on an elevated 
alluvial plain ; they are in full view from each 
other. 

WYSAUKEN CREEK, r. Pa. runs into E. 
branch of the Susquehannah, 6 or 8 in. above 

Asylum. 

WYSOX, small ereek of Bradford co. Pa. 
falling into the Susquehannah, 5 m. below To- 
wanda. 

WYTHE, co. SW, part of Va. bounded 
NNW. by Tazewell co. NE. by Montgomery, 
SSE; by Grayson co. and W. by Washington 
co. 340 from W. Pop. 12,163. Chief town, 

Evansham. 

WYTHE COURT-HOUSE, oi Evansham, 
v. and seat of justice, Wythe co. Va. 58 miles 
NE. of Abington, 31 SW. of Inglisville, and 
351 from W Lat. 36° 50' N.; Ion. 4° 10' W 



XAG— YOR 



445 



X. 

XAGUA, s-p. of the S. coast of the island 
of Cuba, one of the finest in America, 84 m. 
SE. of Havana. Lon. 80° 45' W. ; lat. 22° 
10' N. 

XALAPA, t. of New Spain, in the province 
of Tlascala, with a bishop's see. Lon. 98° 20' 
W., lat. 19° 32' N. 

XALISCO, a t. of Mexico, in a province of 
its name, 14 m. NW. of Compostella. 

XENIA, t. and cap. Greene co. Ohio, on the 
Shawnee Creek, 3 m. from the Little Miami, 
30 m. SW. from Urbanna, 55 NNE. from Cin- 
cinnati, 453 from W. It is a flourishing- town, 
and contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, 
There are several houses of public worship 
in the village. The houses recently built are 
chiefly of brick and stone Pop. 919. 

Y. 

YADKIN, r. N. G rises between the Alle- 
ghany and Brushy Mountains, pervades the 
counties of Wilkes, Surrey, Rowan, Montgo- 
mery, and Anson, and flows into S. C. with the 
name of the Great Pedee. In Montgomery 
co. it passes over narrows occasioned by moun- 
tains on each side, which contract it from 200 
yards wide to about 30. A few miles below 
the narrows it receives Rocky river, and then 
takes the name of Great Pedee. 

YANCEYVILLE, v. Louisa co. Va. on the 
S. Anna, 60 m. NW. from Richmond, 133 
from W-. 

YANTIC, or Norwich, r. Ct. joins the She- 
tucket, at Norwich. 

YARMOUTH, s-p. Barnstable co. Mass. 4 
m. E. from Barnstable, 20 SSE. from Boston, 
488 from W. Pop. 2,251. 

YATES, co. N. Y. bounded S. by Steuben, 
N. by Ontario, E. by Seneca Lake, and W. by 
Ontario and Canandaigua Lake. Length 21 
re. width 12. Surface generally hilly, soil 
fertile, and well wooded. Chief town, Penn 
Yan. Pop. 19,019. 

YAZOO, r. Mis. rises in lat. 35° N. near 
the borders of Tennessee, and runs SSW. and 
flows into the Mississippi, 12 m. above Wal- 
nut Hills, 142 above Natchez. It is about 230 
m. long, and navigable 100 m. 

YAZOO, Little, r. Mis. runs SSW. into the 
Mississippi, 15 m. S. from Palmyra. 

YAZOO-, Co. of Mis. on the Yazoo river. 
Pop. 6,550. Chief town, Benton. 

YELLOW-BUSHA, or Yalo-Bushur, an 
eastern branch of the Yazoo, Mis. A mis- 
sionary station, named Elliot, was established, 
in 1818, on this river, 120 m. above the mouth 
of the Yazoo. 

YELLOW-BREECHES CREEK, r. Pa. 
runs into the Susquehannah, on the W. side, 3 
re. below Harrisburg. 

YELLOW CREEK, t. Columbiana co. 
Ohio. Pop. 1,149. 

YELLOW CREEK, Great and Little, two 
streams, Ohio, which flow into Ohio river in 
SE. corner of Columbiana co. 4 m. apart. 

YELLOW CREEK FURNACE, and v. 



Montgomery co. Ten. 118 m. NW. from Mur- 

freesborough. 

YELLOW SPRINGS, watering place and 
village, Chester co. Pa. 30 m. NW. from Phil- 
adelphia. It is a place of considerable resort 
during the warm season, and there are two 
fine hotels which afford excellent accommoda- 
tions for visitors. 

YELLOW SPRINGS, v. Huntingdon co. 
Pa. 56 m W. from Harrisburg. 

YELLOW SPRINGS, v. near the northern 
boundary of Greene co. Ohio, 12 m. NNE. from 
Xenia, and 65 m. SW. by W. from Columbus. 

YELLOWSTONE, r. N. America, rises 
from Lake Eustis in the Rocky Mountains, 
and after an ENE. course of about 1,100 m. 
joins the Missouri, 1,880 m. from the Missis- 
sippi, lon. 104° 0' W. ; lat. 47° 50' N. This 
river is nearly or quite as large as the other 
branch which retains the name of Missouri. 
Its principal branches are Bighorn and Tongue 
rivers. This river was explored by Captain 
Clarkj who embarked on it, 850 m. from its 
mouth, and tracing it down, found it deep and 
navigable for the whole of that distance. 

YELLOW WATER, r. rises in Al. runs 
nearly S. into Florida, and falls into Pensacola 
Bay, after a course of about 70 m. It is a fine, 
clear, and beautiful stream, rising in pine 
woods. 

YOCOM CREEK, r. Va. runs into the Po- 
tomac, lon. 76° 36' W. ; lat. 38° 6' N. 

YONGUESVILLE, v. Fairfield district, 
S. C. 42 m. N. from Columbus. 

YONKERS, t. Westchester co. N. Y. on 
E. bank of the Hudson, 20 m. N. from N. York. 
Pop. 1,761. 

YORK, city of U. C. is in about 43° 35' N. 
lat. and is the present seat of the government 
of U. C. It is most beautifully situated within 
an excellent harbor of the same name, made 
by a long peninsula, which confines a basin 
of water sufficiently large to contain a consid- 
erable fleet. Pop. about 3,500. 

YORK, SW co. of Me. bounded by the At- 
lantic Ocean SE. Piscataqua river, or New 
Hampshire SW. N. Hampshire W. Oxford co.- 
Maine N. and Cumberland NE* Length 50 
m. mean width 20. Its principal river, Saco, 
Chief town, York. Pop. in 1820, 46,283 ; in 
1830, 51,710. 

YORK, t. and seat of justice, York co. Me.- 
on York river, near the ocean, 10 m. NE; of 
Portsmouth, 16 S. of Wells, and 22 of Kenne-- 
bunk. Pop. 3,485. 

YORK, t. on the W. side of Genesee river, 
Livingston co. N. Y. 25 m. SSW. from Roches- 
ter, and 40 m. W. from Canandaigua. Pop. 
2,636. 

YORK, or Yorktown, t. Westchester co. 
N. Y. 45 m. N. from New York. Pop. 2,141. 

YORK, co. S. side of Pa. bounded NE. by the" 
Susquehannah, which separates it from Dau- 
phin and Lancaster cos. S. by Maryland, W„ 
by Adams co. and NNW. by Cumberland co> 
Pop. 42,658. Chief town, York 

YORK, bor. and cap. York co. Pa. on Codo- 
rus creek, 22 m. WSW. from Lancaster, 48 N. 
from Baltimore, 52 E. from Chambersburg, 85 



446 



YOR— ZAN 



W. from Philadelphia, 66 from W. Lon. 76° 
40' W. ; lat. 39° 58' N. Pop. 4,216. It is a 
pleasant and flourishing town, regularly laid 
out, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market- 
house, an alms-house, a register's office, an 
Episcopal academy, and 10 houses of public 
worship, for Episcopalians, English Presbyte- 
rians, German Presbyterians, German Luther- 
ans, Roman Catholics, Methodists, Friends, and 
Moravians. A large number of the houses 
here are handsome and spacious structures of 
brick. 

YORK, co. E. side of Va. bounded N. by 
York river, E. by Chesapeake Bay, S. by Eliza- 
beth City, Warwick, and James City cos. and 
W. by James City co. Pop. 5,354. Chief town, 
Yorktown. 

YORK, a short and navigable river, Va. 
formed by the union of the Pamunky and Mat- 
tapony. It flows into the Chesapeake, opposite 
Cape Charles. 

YORK, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 871. 

YORK, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 1,429. 

YORK, district, N partofS.C. Pop. 17,785. 

YORK, t. and cap. York district, S. C. 30 m. 
N. from Columbia, 438 from W. 

YORK BAY, a bay on the SW. coast of the 
island of St. Vincent, 2 m. N VV. from Kingston 
Bay. 

YORK FORT, fort at the mouth of Nelson's 
river, in Hudson's Bay. Lon. 92° 46' W. ; lat. 
57° 2'N. 

YORK HAVEN, v. York co. Pa. 

YORK SULPHUR SPRINGS, v. Adams 
co. Pa. 

YORKTOWN, or York, t. port of entry, 
and cap. York co. Va. on S. side of York river, 
12 m. ESE. from Williamsburg, 29 NW. from 
Norfolk, 70 ESE. from Richmond. Lon. 76° 
52' W. ; lat. 37° 22' N. Pop. about 1,000. York 
river affords at this town the best harbor in Vir- 
ginia. It is contracted here to the width of a 
mile, and is inclosed within very high banks, 
under which the largest vessels may ride with 
safety. It is a place of some trade. This 
town is memorable for the capture of Lord 
Cornwallis and his army by the Americans, un 
der Gen. Washington, on the 19th of October, 
1781. 

YOUNG POINT, cape on the E. coast 
<of St. Vincent. Lon. 61° 9' W. ; lat. 13° 
12' N. 

YOUHIOGENY, river of Pennsylvania and 
Maryland, rises in the extreme south-western 
angle of Maryland, between the sources of Po- 
tomac and Cheat rivers. Pursuing a northern 
course over the western border of Maryland, it 
enters Pennsylvania on the E. side of the Lau- 
rel Hills, and piercing both them and the Ches- 
nut Ridge, flows thence in a NW. direction, 
and empties into the Monongahela 15 m. above, 
or S. of Pittsburg. 

YOUNGSTOWN, v. on Niagara river, Ni- 
agara co. N. Y. 5 m. N. from Lewiston, and 20 
KW. by W. from Lockport. 

YOUNGSTOWN, v. Westmoreland eo.Pa. 



at the western foot of Chesnut Ridge, 11 m. 
from Greensburg, and 158 W. from Harris-* 
burg. 

YOUNGSTOWN, t. in Trumbull co. Ohio, 

on a branch of Big Beaver river, 8 rn. NE. of 
Canfield, and about 90 N. by W. of Pittsburg. 
Pop. 1,384. 

YOUNGSVILLE, v. Warren co. Pa. 328 
m. NW. from Harrisburg. 

YUCATAN, peninsula and state of Mexico 
bounded by the Gulf of Mexico NW. and N. by 
the Caribbean sea E. by central America S. 
and by Chiapa and Tabasco SW. Length 
from SW. to NE. 500 m. mean width 160; 
and area 80,000 sq. ms. " The peninsula of 
Yucatan," says Humboldt, "of which the north- 
ern coast, from Cape Catoche, to the Punta de 
Piedras, 240 m. is a vast plain, intersected in 
its interior by a chain of hills of little eleva- 
tion." Though one of the warmest, Yucatan is 
among the most healthy regions of equinoctial 
America. It reaches from lat. 15° 40' to 21° 
30' N. This salubrity is, no doubt, owing to 
the dryness of the soil and atmosphere. Along 
the whole coast, from Cape Catoche to the 
mouth of the river San Francisco, in a dis- 
tance of 400 m. the country does not afford a 
single spring of fresh water ; that element is, 
however, abundant in the interior. Chief 
towns, Merida de Yucatan, Campeche, and 
Valladolid de Yucatan. Pop. about 750,000. 

Z. 

ZACATECAS, intendency, Mexico, bound- 
ed N. by Durango, E. by San Luis Potosi, S. 
by Guanaxato, and W. by Guadalaxara. It 
contains an area of 18,000 sq. ms. and about 
160,000 inhabitants. 

ZACATECAS, t. Mexico, cap. of the above, 
one of the most celebrated mining places of 
New Spain, 300 m. NNW. from Mexico. Pop. 
35,000. Lat. 23° N. 

ZACATULA, or Sacatula, t. Mexico, on a 
river of the same name, near the Pacific 
Ocean, 95 m. S. from Mechoacan. Lon. 103° 
W. ; lat. 18° 35' N. 

ZACHEO, or Desechio, isl. in the W. In- 
dies, between Hispaniola and Porto Rico, 27 
m. NE. from Mona. 

ZANE, t. Logan co. Ohio. Pop. 608. 

ZANESFIELD, v. Logan co. Ohio. 

ZANESVILLE, v. and seat of justice for 
Muskingum co. Ohio, 80 m. W. from Wheel- 
ing, Va. 336 from W. Lat. 40° N. ; lon. 5° 
2' W. Pop. 3,094. It contains a court-house, 
and public offices; 20 or 30 stores, several 
glass-houses, and 2 printing-offices. Zanes- 
ville stands on the E. bank of Muskingum 
river, immediately adjoining the Falls, on 
which are erected a large number of mills, 
among which are several flouring and saw- 
mills, an oil-mill, a rolling-mill, a nail machine, 
and woollen factory. Across the river, ad- 
joining the town, are built two bridges within 
half a mile of each other, the lower connect- 
ing this town with Putnam. 



APPENDIX. 



STATISTICAL TABLES OF THE UNITED STATES. 



• I. — IMPORTS, EXPORTS, AND TONNAGE 
Of each State and Territory : the Imports and Exports during the Year ending Sep- 
tember 30, 1829 ; and the Tonnage reckoned on the 31st of December, 1828. 







Value of Exports. 


Total Value 






States and Terri- 


Value of Im- 






of Domestic 


Tons and 


tories. 


ports. 


Domestic 


Foreign 


and Foreign 


95ths. 








Produce. 


Produce. 


Produce. 






Maine . . . 


$ 742,781 


$ 729,106 


$ 8,726 


$ 737,832 


232,939 


: } ; ? 


N. Hampshire 


179,889 


98,264 


7,476 


105,740 


26,253 


18 


Vermont . . 


205,392 


808,079 




808,079 


764 


01 


Massachusetts 


12,520,744 


3,949,751 


4,305,186 


8,254,937 


424,511 


99 


Rhode Island 


423,811 


337,468 


52,913 


390,381 


43,406 


61 


Connecticut . 


309,538 


450,985 


6,895 


457,970 


60,859 


57 


New York . 


34,743,307 


12,036,561 


8,082,450 


20,119,011 


355,534 


55 


New Jersey . 


786,247 


8,022 




8,022 


(48,772 


19 


Pennsylvania 


10,100,152 


2,617,152 


1,472,873 


4,089,935 


104,114 


4:^ 


Delaware . . 


24,179 


7,195 




7,195 


13,213 


41 


Maryland . . 


4,804,135 


3,662,273 


1,142,192 


4,804,465 


170,947 


71 


Columbia Dist. 


205,921 


914,285 


13,812 


928,097 


23,232 


72 


Virginia • • 


395,352 


3,783,493 


3,938 


3,787,431 


67,302 


10 


North Carolina 


283,347 


564,506 


564,506 


54,094 


4o 


South Carolina 


1,139,618 


8,134,676 


' 40,910 


8,175,586 


33,688 


73 


Georgia . . 


380,293 


4,980,642 


734 


4,981,376 


13,959 


24 


Alabama . . 


233,720 


1,679,385 


14,573 


1,693,958 


10,473 


02 


Louisiana . . 


6,857,209 


10,898,183 


1,487,877 


12,386,060 


51,903 


83 


Ohio . . . 


293 


2,004 


2,004 


2,388 


85 


Michigan Ter. 


2,957 




470 


93 


Florida . . 


153,642 


38,163 


17,923 


56,086 


2,781 


91 


Total . . 


74,492,527 


55,700,193 


16,658,478 


72,358,671 


1,741,391 



II. — Compensation to Officers of the Army, including Pay, Subsistence, Forage Fuel, 
Quarters, and Expense for Servants. 





Per month. 


Per ann. 




Per month. 


Per ann. 


Major General . . 


544,581 


6,535,00 


Maj. of Staff 


176,491 


2,117,92 


Brigadier General 


370,12| 


4,441,50 


Major . . . 


182,83| 


2,194,00 


Adjutant General . 


269,54 


3,234,48 


Surgeon . . 


125,831 


1,510,00 


Inspector General . 
Com'y Gen. of Sub. 


233,04 


2,796,48 


Ass't Surgeon 


102,371 


1,228,50 


261,54 


3,138,48 


Capt. of Ord. 


142,871 


1,714,50 


Col. of Ordnance . 


261,54 


3,138,48 


Captain . . 


132,871 


1,594,50 


Lieut. Col. of Ord. 


220,00 


2,640,00 


Lieut, of Ord. 


115,891 


1,390,74 


Colonel .... 


246,54 


2,958,48 


1st Lieutenant 


112,561 


1,350,75 


Lieut. Colonel . . 


205,00 


2,460,00 


2d Lieutenant 


107,561 


1,290,75 



D 



448 



APPENDIX. 



III. — INSPECTIONS OF FLOUR. 
Inspections of Wheat and Rye Flour and Corn Meal in the principal Ports of the 
United States, for the year ending September 30, 1830 ; also the amount for the 
preceding nine years. 



Places. 


Wheat Flour. 


Rye Flour. 


Corn Meal. 






Barrels. 


Barrels. 


Hhds. 


Barrels. 


Albany, New York . . . 


43,215 








New York 


827,370 


15,191 


10,316 


9,663 


Philadelphia 


473,876 


21,712 


7,498 


19,949 


Baltimore 




597,804 


4,436 


558 


5,458 


Georgetown, D. C. . . . 


139,713 
187,432 




Alexandria, D. C. ... 


1 


• . 




Fredericksburg, Va. . . . 


79,336 








Falmouth, Va 


46,406 








Richmond, Va 


251,024 








Petersburgh, &c 


72,000 








New Orleans, ..... 


133,700 








Total, 


1830 .... 


2,851,876 


41,351 


1 Q QTO 

Io,o7^s 


OK ATA 


u 


1829 ..... 






17,891 


51,666 


a 


1828 .... 


2,245,257 


55,239 


19,178 


78,958 


u 


1827 .... 


2,061,459 


34,487 


16,869 


51,192 


a 


1826 .... 


2,031,558 


27,282 


18,619 


36,979 


a 


1825 .... 


1,882,611 


57,419 


14,781 


51,297 


u 


1824 .... 


1,714,410 


68,380 


17,192 


70,415 


a 


1823 .... 


1,557,724 
1,599,973 


75,620 


14,705 


36,863 


u 


1822 .... 


59,363 


15,157 


32,274 


a 


1821 .... 


1,707,350 


43,976 


17,449 


40,693 



IV. — Table showing the whole Quantity of Land in those States and Territories in 
which Public Land is situated ; the Quantity of Public Land to which the Indian 
title had been extinguished June 30, 1828 ; arid the Quantity to wfriph, it had not 
been extinguished June 30, 1828. 



S State or Territory. 


Whole quan- 
tity of land in 
each State or 
Territory. 


Quantity of 
land belonsing 
to the U. States, 
to which the In- 
dian title is ex- 
tinguished. 


Quantity of 
land belonging 
to the U. States., 
to which the In- 
dian title is not 
extinguished. 


ACRES. 


Michigan Territory (peninsular) 
Florida Territory .... 

Territory of Huron lying west 
of lake Michigan and east of 
the Mississippi river . . . 

Great Western Territory, ex- 
tending from the Mississippi 
river to the Pacific ocean . 

Add quantity to which the In- 
dian title is extinguished . 
Total acres belonging to the 


26,432.000 
31,074,234 
22,459,669 
24,810,246 
31,463,040 
35,941,902 
24,939,870 
28,899,520 
39,119,019 
35,286,760 
34,001,226 


3,000,000 
11,514,517 
12,308,455 

4,984,348 
25,364,197 
23,575,300 
16,393,420 
26,770,941 
35,263,541 
29,728,300 
19,769,679 


16,885,760 
5,335,632 
409,501 

none 
6,424,640 
7,378,400 

none 

none 
4,032,640 
9,519,066 


334,627,486 
56,804,854 
750,000,000 


205,672,698 


49,985,639 
56,804,834 
750,000,000 


1,140,432,330 


856,790,473 
205,672,698 


1,062,463,171 



APPENDIX. 



449 



V.— PUBLIC DEBT. 
Table showing the amount of the Public Debt of the United States, at several periods, 
from 1791 to 1830, reckoned on the 1st of January of the different years. [Partly 
from Niles's Register.] 



1791 
1796 
1799 
1801 
1803 
180-4 
1809 
1810 
1812 
1813 
1816 
1817 
1820 
1821 
1822 
1823 
1824 
1825 
1826 
1827 
1828 
1829 
1830 
1831 
1832 



$75,169,974 
81,642,272 
77,399,909 
82,000,167 
74,731,922 
85,353,643 
56,732,379 
53,156,532 
45,035,123 
55,907,452 
123,016,375 
115,807,805 
91,015,566 
89,987,427 
93,546,676 
90,375,877 
90,269,777 
83,788,432 
81,054,059 
73,987,357 
67,475,622 
58,362,135 
48,565,405 

24,322,235 



There was some increase of the Debt in each of these six years, ex- 
cept 1794, in which there was a reduction of it. 

The Debt was increased in consequence of the military preparations 
against France, before the year 1801, when Mr. Jefferson's administra- 
tion commenced. 

The Debt was increased by the purchase of Louisiana, in 1803, for the 
sum of $15,000,000. Mr. Jefferson's administration ended March 3, 1809. 

The Debt was at its lowest amount in 1812, in Mr. Madison's admin- 
istration, and before the war. 

The Debt greatly augmented by the war : — highest amount in 1816. 

Mr. Monroe's administration. Rapid reduction of the Debt since 
1816, the receipts from the customs, &c. being large. 



The Debt increased in consequence of the purchase of Florida, in 
1821, for the sum of $5,000,000; and a diminution in the receipts from 
*" the customs, &c. in the years 1820, 1821, &c. Mr. Monroe's administra- 
tion ended in 1825. 



Mr. Adams's administration commenced on the 4th of March, 1825 
and ended on the 3d of March, 1829. 



General Andrew Jackson's administration began March 4th, 1829. 



VI. — SLAVES IN THE UNITED STATES. 
fifumber of Slaves in the United States, according to Five Official Enumerations. 



States. 



Maine ..... 
New Hampshire - 
Vermont - 
Massachusetts - - 
Rhode Island - - 
Connecticut - . - 
New York - - - 
New Jersey - - - 
Pennsylvania - - 
Delaware - - - 
Maryland - - - 
Virginia - - - - 
North Carolina - - 
South Carolina - - 
Georgia - - - - 
Alabama - - 
Mississippi - - - 
Louisiana - - - 
Tennessee ... 
Kentucky - - - 

Ohio 

Indiana - - 
Illinois - - - - 
Missouri .... 
District of Columbia 
Michigan Territory 
Arkansas Territory 
Florida Territory - 



Total 



Slaves, 
1790. 



. 0 
158 
- 16 



- - 0 

- 948 

- 2,764 
21,324 
11,423 

- 3,737 

- 8,887 
103,036 
292,627 
100,572 
107,094 

29,264 



12,430 
3,417 



697,697 



Slaves, 
1800. 



0 



- . 0 

- - 0 

- 380 

- 951 

20,613 
12,422 

- 1,706 

- 6,153 
108,554 
346,968 
133,296 
146,151 

59,699 

- 3,489 



13,584 
40,343 



135 



896,849 



Slaves, 
1810. 



0 



. - 0 

. 108 

- 310 
15,017 
10,851 

- 795 
4,177 

111,502 
392,518 
168,824 
196,365 
105,218 

17,088 

34,660 
44,535 
80,561 

- - 0 



■ 237 
. 168 
3,011 
5,395 
- 24 



1,191,364 1,538,064 



Slaves, 
1820. 



0 



. . . 0 

- - 48 

- - 97 

. 10,088 

- 7,557 

- - 211 

- 4,509 

- 107,398 

- 425,153 

- 205,017 

- 258,475 

- 149,656 
5 41,879 
} 32,814 

- 69,064 

- 80,107 

- 126,732 



- . 190 

- . 917 

- 10,222 

- 6,377 
. . . 0 

- 1,617 



Slaves, 
1830. 



- - . 0 

- - - 0 
. . . 0 
. . . 0 

- - 14 

- - 23 

- - 46 

- 2,246 

- - 386 

- 3,305 

- 102,878 

- 469,724 
. 246,462 

- 315,665 

- 217,470 

- 117,294 

- 65,659 

- 109,631 

- 142,382 

- 165,350 
. . - 0 
. . . 0 
. - 746 

- 24,990 

- 6,050 

- - 27 

- 4,578 

- 15,510 



2,010,436 



3G 



450 



APPENDIX. 



m— NUMBER OF PERSONS IN THE UNITED STATES 100 YEARS OLD, 

Table showing the number of Persons of the several classes, who were One Hundred 
Years old and upwards, according to the Census of 1830. 



States and 


White 


White 


Slaves. 


Free Blacks. 1 


Total. 


Territories. 


Males. 


Females. 


Males. 




Males. 


Fein 3.1 bs. 1 


Maine . . . 


1 


3 






\ 




rr 

o 


New Hampshire 


3 


6 






x 


5 


15 


V ermont . . 


3 


5 






2 


4 


14 


Massachusetts . 


1 


2 








A 

Tb 


12 


Rhode Island . 




• 






3 


o 


6 


Connecticut 


4 


3 






2 


1 1 

XX 


20 


New York . . 


35 


18 


9 


o 


99 


^1 

«JX 


130 


New Jersey 


1 


2 


2 




4 


5 


14 


Pennsylvania . 






x 


Q 


30 


33 


1 QA 

loU 


Delaware . . 




1 


3 


3 


13 


18 


38 


Maryland . . 


7 


17 


50 


53 


49 


86 


262 


Virginia . 






122 


143 

J-TtO 


143 


22 




North Carolina 


23 


26 




114 

IIt: 


22 


27 


304 


South Carolina 


14 


19 


QR 


Oi: 


19 


Q 


240 


Georgia . . . 


13 


22 




7R 


11 

XX 


6 


236 


Alabama . . 


15 


10 




9ft 


x 


6 


87 


Mississippi . . 




2 


93 


91 


x 




47 


Louisiana . . 


9 


1 


37 


39 


11 


28 


125 


Tennessee . 




Zi 


59 


34 


7 


6 


1 //£ 


ivciiLuuiiy • • 


97 


1 1 


45 


49 


17 


17 


xuu 


Ohio .... 


21 


8 






8 


5 


42 


Indiana . . . 


10 


2 






2 


5 


19 


Illinois . . . 


4 


1 


2 


3 


1 


1 


12 


Missouri . . 


2 


2 


41 


2 


2 


2 


51 


Columbia, Dist. 


2 




3 


2 


.3 


8 


18 












Florida, Ter. . 


1 








1 




2 


Michigan, do. . 


1 












1 


Arkansas, do. . 


1 


3 


i 


i 


i 




7 


Total . . . 


297 


234 


717 


662 


382 


359 


2,654 



By this Table it will be seen that the proportion of Slacks of 100 years old and up- 
wards greatly exceeds that of the Whites ; but it n*ay be remarked that the ages of 
the Blacks are not generally so well known as those of the Whites ; and that, there- 
fore, the accuracy of the Census, as it respects the ages of this class, is less to be 
relied on. 

VIII. — RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. 



• Denominations. 


Minis- 
ters. 


Ch. or 
Cong. 


Commu- 
nicants. 


Popula- 
tion. 


Calvinistic Baptists 


2.914 


4,384 


304,827 


2,743,453 


Methodist Episcopal Church 


1,777 




476,000 


2,600,000 


Presbyterians, Oeneral Assembly 


1,801 


2,253 


182,017 


1,800,000 


Congregationalists, Orthodox 


1,000 


1,270 


140,000 


1,260,000 


Protestant Episcopal Church ... 


558 


700 




600,000 


Universalists 


150 


300 




500,000 










500,000 




205 


1,200 


44,000 


400,000 




200 


800 


25,000 


275,000 




84 


400 


17,400 


200,000 






400 




200,000 


Unitarians, Congregationalists - 
Associate and other Methodists 


160 


193 




176,000 


350 




35,000 


175,000 




300 


400 


16,000 


150,000 




159 


194 


17,888 


125,000 




200 




30,000 


120,000 


Associate Presbyterians .... 


74 


144 


15,000 


100,000 


Cumberland Presbyterians - • •* 


50 


75 


8,000 


100,000 




40 


40 


3.000 


30,000 


Free Communion Baptists 


30 




3,500 


30,000 


Seventh-day Baptists .... 


30 


40 


2,000 


20,000 


Six-Principle Baptists - 


25 


30 


1,800 


20,000 


United Brethren, or Moravians 


23 


23 


2,000 


7,000 


MillenniaV Church, or Shakers • 


45 


15 




6,000 


New Jerusalem Church .... 


30 


28 




5,000 


Emancipators, Baptists .... 


15 




600 


4,500 


Jews, and others not mentioned 




150 




50,000 



APPENDIX. 



451 



IX.— PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS. 
The following Table shows the number of Members of the House of Representative? 
and Electors of President, to which each State is entitled under the new apportion- 
ment ; also, the number of Electors at the last election ; the States being arranged 
according to representative population. 



States. 


Reps. 


Electors, 
1832. 


Electors, 
1823. 




40 


42 


36 


o tt; ' „ " 


28 


30 


28 




23 


24 




iy 


21 


16 




13 


15 


15 


n T7- i i 


1 o 

lo 


15 


14 




13 


15 


11 


8 Massachusetts* 


12 


14 


15 




9 


11 


11 




9 


11 


9 




8 


10 


11 




o 

8 


10 


n 

y 




7 
1 


Q 

y 


K 

o 




c 
o 


o 
o 


Q 

o 




6 


8 


8 




5 


7 


7 




5 


7 


8 




5 


7 


5 




3 


5 


5 


20 IUinois* 


3 


5 


3 


21 Rhode Island* 


2 


4 


4 


22 Missouri* 


2 


4 


3 




2 


4 


3 


24 Delaware* 


1 


3 


3 


Total 


240 


288 


261 



* Electors chosen by the people by general ticket, 
f do. do. by districts. 

% Electors appointed by the Legislature; South Carolina being the 
only State where they -are not chosen by the people. 
Required number to constitute an election by the people, 145. 



X. — BRITISH SLAVE COLONIES IN THE AVE ST INDIES, &c. 



Chartered Colonies. 


Whites. 


Slaves. 


Free 
Blacks. 


Governors. 


Crown Colonies. 
Jlfrica. 

Cape of Good Hope 


15.000 
15.000 
2.000 
800 
1,300 
1,800 
800 
850 
800 
350 
500 
4,000 
5,500 

13,500 
1,100 

300 
3,000 

600 

43,000 
8.000 
108,150 


331,000 
81,000 
30,000 
24.500 
23.500 
19,500 
9.000 
5,400 
14,500 
12,700 
6,000 
9,500 
4,650 

23000 
13,500 
2,450 
70,000 
21,000 

35,000 
76,000 
812,700 


40,000 
5.000 
4,500 
3,700 
2,900 
2.500 
1,800 

607 
3,600 
1,200 

700 
2.800 

500 

16,000 
4,000 
2.800 
6,000 
1,000 

29,000 
15,100 
143,707 


Earl of Belmont. 

Sir James Lyon. 

Sir Patrick Ross. 

Sir James Campbell. 

Sir George F. Hill. 

William Nicolay. 

William Boothby, Lieut. Gov. 

James Bathurst^ZiewZ. Gov. 

Nathaniel Blackwell. 
Sir P. Steward, Lieut. Gov. 
Sir James Carm. Smyth. 
Stephen R. Chapman. 

Lewis Grant. 

Sir Benjamin D'TJrban. 
Henry Beard, Lieut. Gov. 

Sir G. Lowry Cole. 
Sir Charles Colville. 



XL— BRITISH NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES. 



Provinces. 


Population. 


Governors. 




511,919 
220,897 
123,848 
74,191 
80,000 
24,000 


Lord Aylmer, Governor General. 

Sir John Colborne, Lieutenant Governor. 

Sir Peregrine Maitland, Lieutenant Governor. 

Sir Archibald Campbell, Lieutenant Govtmor. 

Sir Thomas J. Cochrane, Governor. 

Sir Murray Maxwell, Lieutenant Governor. 



452 



APPENDIX. 



XII. — Statement showing the Names and Numbers of the different Tribes of Indian^ 
now remaining ivithin the limits of the several States and Territories, and the 
quantity of Land claimed by them respectively. 





Number 


Number of 




of each 


Acres claimed 




Tribe_ 


by each Tribe. 


Maine. 






St. John's Indians . 


300 




Passamaquoddies 


379 


100 


Penohscots . . . 


277 


92,160 




956 


92,260 


Massachusetts. 






Marshpee . 


o20 




Herring" Pond . . 
Martha's Vineyard . 


40 




340 




Troy .... 


50 






750 




Rhode Island. 






Narragfansett . . . 


420 


3,000 


Connecticut 






Mohegan .... 


300 


4,000 


Stonington . . . 


50 


300 




50 






400 


4,300 


Npwi Vork 

_l tow/ x yti it. 






Senecas . 


2,325 




Tuscaroras . j 


253 




Oneidas .... 


1,096 




Qnondagas . . . 


446 




Cayugas .... 


90 


246,675 


Stockbridge . . . 


273 




Brotherton . . . 


360 




bt. Kegis Indians 


300 










Virginia. 
Nottaways 






47 


27 000 


South Carolina. 






Catawbas .... 


450 


144,000 


Ohio. 






Wyaridotts . . . 


542 


163,840 


Shawanees . . . 


800 


117,615 


Senecas .... 


551 


55,505 


Delawares . . . 


80 


5,760 


Ottowas .... 


377 


50,581 




2,350 


393,301 


Michigan Territory. 






Wyandscotts . . . 


7 




Pottawatamies . . 


136 




Chippewas & Ottawas 


18,473 


- 7,057,920 


Menomeenees . •„ 


3,900 




Winnebagoes . . 


5,800 


J 




28 31 6 


7 0fV7 Q20 

1 ,\JU t ,U*J\J 


Indiana. 






Miami and Eel River 






Indians .... 


1,073 


10,104,000 


Illinois. 






Menomeenees . . 


270 




Kaskaskias . . . 


36 


1 5,314,560 


Sauks and Foxes . 


6,400 






6,706 


5,314,560 



TRIBES. 



Indiana and Illinois, 
Pottawatamies and 
Chippewas . . . 



Georgia & Alabama. 
Creeks . . . 



Georgia, Alabama, & 

Tennessee. 
Cherokees . * . 



Mississippi and 
Alabama. 
Choctaws .... 

Mississippi. 
Chickasaws . . . 

Florida Territory. 
Seminoles and Others. 



Louisiana. 
Billoxie . . 
Apolashe . . 
Pascagoula 
Addees . . . 
Yaltasse . . 
Coshattees 
Caddow . . 
Delawares 
Choctaws . . 
Shawanees . 
Natchitoches . 
Quapaws . . 
Piankeshaws .' 

Missouri. 
Delawares 
Kickapoos . . 
Shawanees . 
Weas . . . 
Ihoways . . 



Number 
of each 
Tribe. 



Missouri and Arkan- 
sas Territory. 
Osages ..... 
Piankeshaws . . . 

Arkansas Territory. 
Cherokees . . . 
Quapaws .... 
Choctaws .... 



Total 



3,900 
20,000 

9,000 

21,000 

3,625 
5,000 



I 55 
45 
111 
27 
36 
180 
450 
51 
178 
110 
25 
8 
27 



1,313 

1,800 
2,200 
1,383 
327 
1,100 



5,810 



5,200 
207 



Number of 
Acres claimed 
by each Tribe. 



Tennessee. I 
1,055,060 



5,407 

6,000 
700 



6,700 



129,266 



12,858,560 



77,402,318 



APPENDIX. 



453 



XIII.— COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES, 1830. 



Commerce of the United States, exhibiting the Value of every description of Im- 
ports from, and Exports to, each Foreign Country, during the year ending 
20th September, 1830. 





COUNTRIES. 




CON 


MERGE. 




Value of 
Imports. 


Domestic 
produce. 


Foreign 
pmduce. 




1 




-i r*r\~i oaa 

1,621,899 


35,461 


381,114 


416,575 


0 




16,605 


16,501 


- - 


16,501 


3 




1,168,110 


181,353 


189,949 


371,302 


4 




non con 
230,530 


552,700 


37,727 


590,427 


5 




5,384 


76,292 


29,048 


105,340 


6 




1,665,834 


1,688,022 


220,723 


1,908,745 


7 




OOO AClQ 

ooo,4Uo 


3,354,551 


675,527 


4,030,078 


8 




181,848 


63,273 


107,293 


170,566 


9 


1~\ a. 1 tT7" j T J * 




319,495 


42,298 


361,793 


10 




22,755,040 


23,773,020 


826,946 


24,599,966 


11 




1,382,841 


1,465,211 


2,488 


1,467,699 


12 




381,333 


261,687 


- - 


261,687 


13 






513,248 


370,150 


883,398 


14 




1,3/3,297 


93,731 


553,126 


646,857 


15 




168,579 


140 


1,761 


1,901 


16 






- - 


- - 


- - 


17 




r»fA OAO 

650,303 


3,650,031 


136,342 


3,786,373 


18 




2,300 


- - 


- - 


- - 


19 




1,263 


- - 


- - 




20 




1,873,2 .'8 


1,549,732 


725,148 


2,2/4,880 


21 




6,831,015 


9,183,894 


661,925 


9,845,819 


22 




891,183 


717,252 


430,888 


1,148,140 


23 




518,687 


792,241 


13,528 


805,769 


24 




- ■ 


5,931 


579 


6,510 


25 




461 ,267 


538,956 


61,327 


600,283 


26 




543,271' 


145,556 


- - 


145,556 


27 




99,878 


19,040 


610 


19,650 


28 


Manilla, and Philippine islands .... 


384,887 


39,129 


54,539 


93,668 


29 




5,577,230 


3,439,060 


1,477,675 


4,916,735 


30 




1,307,148 


245,636 


27,523 


273,159 


31 




165,321 


43,408 


1,803 


45,211 


32 




239,6o2 


155,719 


12,358 


168,077 


33 




32,912 


6,649 


1,524 


8,173 


34 




33,758 


50,560 


7,778 


58,338 


35 






one oon 

32o,239 


414,121 


(A OA A 

740,360 


36 




3,740 


- - 


- - 


- - 


37 


Trieste, and other Adriatic ports. . . 


1 or* An o 

132,033 


300,859 


293,261 


594,120 


38 


Ragusa, and the Seven Islands .... 


■ 


- - 


- - 


- - 


39 




41 7,392 


75,801 


337,53.9 


413,340 


40 




1,597,140 


714,791 


108,387 


823,178 


41 




5,235,241 


985,764 


3,851,694 


4,837,458 


42 




OAO OOO 

302,833 


138,456 


111,662 


250,118 


43 




1,120, 0 95 


316,732 


180,258 


A(\C* a a A 

496,990 


44 




1,472 


25,132 


5,432 


30,564 


45 




/4,4yi,4oU 


i,ouu,yyy 


O) ac\ no a 

242,239 


1, 843.238 


46 




1 AO~l OOO 

l,431,obo 


425,220 


204,667 


629,887 


47 












48 




J.O«i,000 


Q1 ^ 71 P, 
jlJ, / io 


o^4u,oyo 


±,000,114 


49 




972,884 


32,400 


39,402 


71,802 


50 




40,269 


9,190 


' 170 


9,360 


51 




3,878,141 


156,290 


585,903 


742,193 


52 




98,451 


56,318 


229,290 


285,608 


53 




7,386 


242,114 


5,010 


247,124 


54 












55 




394 


16,090 


22,653 


38,743 


56 




172,861 


96,867 


52,236 


149,103 


57 












58 




20,748 


21,178 


6,764 


27,942 


59 






28,392 


24,698 


53,090 




Total 


70,876,920 


59,462,02!) 


14,387,479 


73,849,508 



454 



APPENDIX. 



XIV.— COMMERCE OF EACH STATE AND TERRITORY. 



^3 



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5 .2 



• §^ 

. fee 



APPENDIX. 



455 



XV. — NAVIGATION OF THE UNITED STATES, 1830. 



NAVIGATION. — A Statement of the Tonnage of American and Foreign Ves- 
sels arriving- from, and departing to, each Foreign Country, during the year 
ending 30th September, 18-30. 







NAVIGATION. 




COUNTRIES. 




Tonnage. 


Foreign 


Tonnage. 




Entered into the 


Dt-pa; t d from the 


Entered into the 


Departed from the 














1 


; 


lO,D0l 


q AQO 


Ofil 

40t 


264 


2 




07O 
6 14 


oqo 

404 






3 




1 K 1 /( /I 
10,144 


q ^oo 

0,004 


2 935 


2 023 


4 




i n ac\r 


1 Q QfiO 

iy,yow 


965 


984 


5 




877 
0/ / 


j. ,y <£o 






6 




qo 7R7 


52 535 


600 


849 


7 




AO QOQ 


35 220 


793 


4 515 


8 






1 ^01 

l,OUl 




220 






i o n 17 

1*2, U4 / 


1 1 013 

11, vto 


248 


124 


lu 




1 OQ 070 


1Q0 711 
iy*i, / it 


61 355 


58 589 


11 




K 781 
o, / o^± 


6 913 


12 ^60 

14,OV\J 


7,707 


1 O 
14 




^ IQzl 


4 594 


6,949 


2,570 


^ o 
16 




3 346 


13450 






1 A 
14 




A 80fi 
^ouo 


4 029 






lo 




00 108 
44,t4o 


o qQ^ 

4,OjO 


97^ 

4 i O 




lb 




452 


1 523 






1 7 
1 / 




130 ^07 


117 1 71 
11 1 ,1 /I 


A 009 


14,267 


1 Q 

lo 






oiu 






1 Q 
19 




3QK 








on 

40 




1 7 O^Q 

1 l,40J 


11 708 

It, 1 40 


8 188 

0,^400 


10,262 


Ol 

41 




70 /I ^Q 

/y,4oy 


80 c^Ol 

04,041 


A Ofil 
4,U01 


6,014 


00 




1 ^ 10fi 


18 967 


205 


1,074 


OQ 
46 






47 10Q 

4/,i^y 


K Ql^ 


4,325 


' OA 
4t 






1UO 


* 




OK 
40 




1 £ OQS 

lb,2oo 


Q q«7 
y,oo / 






4b 


Spain on the Mediterranean 


i n qoa 


3 oi 7 






07 

2 I 




1 7fi0 

J., / \34 


796 






08 
4o 


IVIanilla, and Philippine islands .... 


2 774 


458 


122 




OQ 




07 P. A A 


114 054 


19 Q^l 

14, JOt 


11,356 


on 




19 031 


8734 


625 


489 


Q1 
Ol 




10 087 

14,40 1 


2 243 




184 


00 




q oi o 


u,uou 


in 

1 14 




66 




634 


244 


1 37 
lo 1 


137 


Of 

o4 




1,253 


2 628 






q^ 


Italy 


5 062 


6 626 




418 


qfi 


Sicily 


1 697 


13=5 

lOO 






07 


Trieste, and other Adriatic ports . . • 


4332 


4,662 




282 


Q« 
OO 


l^.ag'nsa, and the Seven Islands . * • » 


345 








qq 


Til vl*"£>T7 Jv O 


3 668 


2 887 






4U 


Hayti 


18 513 


19 395 


1 633 

l,DOO 


1,748 


11 
41 




22 062 


27 295 


4 362 


3,551 


AO 

t4 




4 560 


3 044 






10 
4o 




13 514 


5955 


1 076 


62 


A A 
tt 




68 


1 042 






tO 




38,005 


44'450 


248 


601 


46 


Argentine Pepobhc . 


6584 


9 565 


99 s ; 

440 


116 


17 
4/ 




236 


1^373 






48 


Chili 


304 


2,287 






49 




3,276 


732 






50 




394 


679 




155 


51 




8,598 


3,501 






52 




1,679 


3,697 






53 




2,288 


7,417 




260 


54 






424 






55 




"l,904 


911 


141 




56 




2,730 


2,560 


618 


" 290 


57 






580 






58 




15,392 


28,222 






59 






522 








Total.... 


967,227 


971,760 


131,900 


133,436 



456 



APPENDIX. 



XVI. — DIFFERENT CLASSES OF INHABITANTS, 

As ascertained by the Census of the United States for 1830. 



WHITES. 




Males. 


Females. 


Under 5 years of Age 




o r ?o dm 


596,130 


Of 5 and under 10 




781,906 


9 <£ 1,759 




ID 




669,617 


750,602 


" 15 


20 




573,081 


coo r*cc 


" 20 


30 




95o,2Wb 


918,229 


" 30 


40 




592,4U1 


555,419 


" 40 


50 




367,761 


355,979 


" 50 


60 




229,248 


223^477 


" 60 


70 




135,063 


131,284 


" 70 


80 




57,760 


58,327 


" 80 


90 




15,802 


17,432 


" 90 


100 




2,041 


2,522 


" 100 and upwards 




301 


238 




Total 


5,354,078 


5,170,154 


Deaf & 
Blind 


Dumb.. 5,325 

3,968 

106,764 


The Deaf and Dumb 
and Blind White per- 
sons are not divided 
into Sexes. 



FREE BLACKS. 
Under 10 years of Age 
Of 10 and under 24 
« 24 " 36 
» 36 " 55 
« 55 " 100 
" 100 and upwards 
Total 



SLAVES. 
Under 10 years of Age 
Of 10 and under 24 
" 24 " 36 
" 36 " 55 
" 55 " 100 
lt 100 and upwards 
Total 



Males. 
48,656 
43,075 
27,659 
22,267 
11,507 
279 



153,443 



Males. 
353,498 
312,567 
185,585 
118,880 
41,545 
747 



Females. 
47,324 
48,131 
32,545 
24,323 
13,423 
387 



166,133 



Females. 
347,668 
308,770 
185,784 
111,889 
41,437 
680 



Deaf & Dumb.. 750 
Blind 1,463 



1,012,822 
The Colored 
Dumb, and Bl 
divided into 
Slaves. 



996,228 
Deaf and 
ind are not 
Free and 



GENERAL ABSTRACT. 

Total White Population 10,524,232 

Do. Free Blacks 319,576 

Do. Slaves 2,009,050 



Total Population of the United States 12,852,858 



XVII.— LENGTHS OF THE PRINCIPAL RIVERS IN THE U. STATES. 

Miles, 

Missouri and Mississippi 4490 

Do. to its junction with the Mississippi 3181 

Mississippi proper, to its junction with the Missouri 1600 

Do. to the Gulf of Mexico 2910 

Arkansas River, a branch of the Mississippi 2170 

St. Lawrence River, including- the Lakes 2075 

Platte River, a branch of the Missouri 1600 

Red River, a branch of the Mississippi 1500 

Ohio River,. . . .Do .Do.. 1372 

Columbia River, empties into the Pacific Ocean 1315 

Kanzas River, a branch of the Missouri 1200 

Yellow-stone, Do Do 1100 

Tennessee River, a branch of the Ohio 756 

Alabama River, empties into the Gulf of Mexico 575; 

Cumberland River, a branch of the Ohio 570 

Susquehannah River, empties into Chesapeake Bay 460 

Illinois River, a branch of the Mississippi 430 

Apalachicola River, empties into the Gulf of Mexico 425 

St. John's River, New Brunswick, rises in Maine 415 

Connecticut River, empties into Long Island Sound. 410 

Wabash River, a branch of the Ohio. .'. 360 

Delaware River, empties into the Atlantic Ocean. 355 

James River, empties into Chesapeake Bay 350 

Roanoke River, empties into Albemarle Sound 350 

Great Pedee River, empties into the Atlantic Ocean 35Q 

Santee River, Do Do 340 

Potomac River, empties into Chesapeake Bay 335 

Hudson River, empties into the Atlantic Ocean 320 

Altamaha River, ... .Do Do .., 300 

Savannah River, .... Do Do .290. 



APPENDIX. 



457 



X¥IIL— HEIGHTS OF THE PRINCIPAL MOUNTAINS AND HILLS IN 
THE UNITED STATES. 

Feet. 

1. Long Peak, the highest of the Rocky Mountains, Missouri Territory 12,000 

2. James Peak Do Do. 11,500 

3. Inferior Peaks of the Rocky Mountains, varying from 10,700 to 7,200 

4. Mount Washington, the highest of the White Hills, New Hampshire, 6,234 

5. Inferior Peaks of the White Hills, varying from 5,328 to. . 4,356 

6. Moosehillock Mountain, Grafton county, New Hampshire. 4,636 

7. Mansfield or Chin Mountain, Chittenden county, Vermont 4,279 

8. Camel's Rump Do Do 4,188 

9. Shrewsbury Peak, Rutland county, Vermont 4,034 

10. Saddleback Mountain, Berkshire county, Massachusetts 4,000 

11. Table Mountain, Pendleton district, South Carolina „ 4,000 

12. Peaks of Otter, Bedford county, Virginia .. . . 3,955 

13. Killington Peak, Rutland county, Vermont 3,924 

14. Round-Top, the highest of the Catskill Mountains, New York 3,804 

15. High Peak, one of the Do Do .3,718 

16. Grand Monadnock, Cheshire county, New Hampshire 3,718 

'17. Manchester Mountain, Bennington county, Vermont 3,706 

18. Ascutney Mountain, Windsor county, Vermont 3,320 

19. Ozark Mountains, Arkansas Territory, average height. 3,200 

20. Wachusett Mountain, or Mount Adams, Worcester county, Massachusetts. 2,990 

21. Whiteface Mountain, Essex county, New York 2,690 

■22. Kearsarge Mountain, Hillsborough county, New Hampshire 2,461 

S3. Alleghany Mountains, average height 2,400 

24. Porcupine Mountains, Chippeway country, south of Lake Superior 2,400 

25. Cumberland Mountains, average height 2,200 

26. Moose Mountain, New Hampshire 2.008 

27. New Beacon, the highest of the Highlands, New York 1,658 

28. Butter Hill, one of the Do. Do 1,529 

29. Grigg's Hill, Vermont. 1,507 

.'30. Mars Hill, Washington county, Maine 1,504 

31. Bull Hill, one of the Highlands, New York \ 1,484 

32. Old Beacon. Do.. ...... .Do ..... 1,471 

33. Mauch Chunk Mountain, Northampton county, Pennsylvania 1,460 

.34. Crows Nest, one of the Highlands, New York 1,418 

35. Bare Mountain Do Do 1,350 

36. Pocono Mountain, Northampton county, Pennsylvania 1,300 

37. Mount Tom, Hampshire county, Massachusetts 1,200 

38. Blue Ridge, Pennsylvania. .1,200 

39. Breakneck 'Hill, one of the Highlands, New York 1,187 

40. Blue Hills, Hartford county, Connecticut 1,000 

41. Mount Holyoke, Hampshire county, Massachusetts 990 

42. Anthony's Nose, Putnam county, New York 935 



XIX. — LENGTHS OF THE PRINCIPAL RAIL-ROADS, (FINISHED OR IN 
PROGRESS,) IN THE U. STATES. 

Miles. 

From Hollidaysburg to Johnstown, Penn- 
sylvania 37 

Ithaca and Owego, New York 28 

Hudson and Berkshire, Massachusetts. . . .25 
Elizabeth town and Somerville, New Jersey 25 
Lackawaxe,n; from Honesdale to Carbon- 
dale, Pennsylvania 17 

Frenchtown and Newcastle 16 

Albany and Schenectady 15 

Philadelphia and Norristown, Pennsyl- 
vania .15 

Richmond and Chesterfield, Virginia 12 

Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania 9 

Haerlem 8 

Quincy, Massachusetts 6 

New Orleans „ . 5 J 



Miles. 

Baltimore and Ohio; from Baltimore to 

Pittsburg. 250 

Massachusetts; from Boston to Albany. .200 
Catskill to Ithaca, head of Cayuga Lake, 

New York 167 

Charleston to Hamburg, on the Savannah 

river 135 

JBoston to Brattleborough, Vermont 114 

Columbia and Philadelphia; from Phila- 
delphia to York, Pennsylvania 96 

Lexington and Ohio; from Lexington, 

Kentucky, rio Cincinnati, Qhio 75 

Camden and Amboy 60 

Baltimore and Susquehannah 48 

Boston and Providence .43 

-Baltimore and Washington 38 

3U 



458 



APPENDIX. 



XX. — LENGTHS OF THE PRINCIPAL CANALS, (FINISHED OR IN PRO- 
GRESS,) IN THE U. STATES. 

Miles. 

Erie Canal; from Albany to Lake Erie 363 

Chesapeake and Ohio Canal ; from Washington City to Pittsburg- 341 

Grand Pennsylvania Canal ; from Columbia, on the Susquehannah river, to Hollidays- 
burg, 172 miles — thence to Johnstown by a Rail-road of 37 miles, over the Alleghany 

mountains — from thence by Canal to Pittsburg, 104 miles Total 313 

Ohio State Canal; from Portsmouth, on the Ohio river, to Cleveland, on Lake Erie 306 

Miami Canal; from Cincinnati to Maumee Bay, Lake Erie 265 

Middle Division, Pennsylvania Canal; from the mouth of the Juniatta river, along the 

North Branch of the Susquehannah river, to the southern boundary of New York. . . .204 
Delaware and Hudson Canal ; from the Hudson river to the Delaware river, 60 miles — 
joins the Lackawaxen Canal of 36 miles in length — at Honesdale connects with a 

Rail-road of 17 miles, to Carbondale Total 117 

Schuylkill Canal and Navigation, from Philadelphia to Port Carbon 110 

Morris Canal ; from Jersey City, opposite New York, to Easton, Pennsylvania, on the 

Delaware river 101 

New Orleans and Teche River Canal, from opposite New Orleans to Berwicks Bay, 

Attakapas 100 

Union Canal, commences 4 miles below Reading, on the Schuylkill river — thence to 
Middletown on the Susquehannah river, connecting the Schuylkill Navigation with 

the Grand Pennsylvania Canal 82 

Farmington Canal ; from New Haven to Southwick, 58 miles — joins the Hampshire and 

Hampden Canal of 20 miles, to Northampton, Massachusetts 78 

Champlain Canal ; from Albany to Whitehall, Lake Champlain 72 

West Branch Division of the Pennsylvania Canal ; from Northumberland, along the W. 

Branch of the Susquehannah river, to Bald Eagle creek 68 

Savannah and Ogeechee Canal; from Savannah to the Ogeechee river, 16 miles — to be 
connected with the Ogeechee and Altamaha Canal, from the Ogeechee to the Altamaha 

river, 50 miles Total 66 

Eastern Division of the Pennsylvania Canal; from Bristol to Easton, on the Delaware 

river, 60 

Delaware and Raritan Canal ; from Lamberton, on the Delaware river, to New Bruns- 
wick, on the Raritan, 38 miles — to be supplied with water by a navigable Feeder of 20 

miles, from Eagle Island, on the Delaware, to the main Canal, at Trenton Total 58 

Cumberland and Oxford Canal ; from Bridgeton to Portland, Maine — (partly natural and 

partly artificial) 50 

Lehigh Canal; from Easton to Stoddartsville, Pennsylvania. 47 

Blackstone Canal; from Providence, Rhode Island, to Worcester, Massachusetts. ...... .45 

Oswego Canal, a branch of the Erie Canal ; from Syracuse to Oswego, on Lake Ontario, 38 
James River Canal j from Richmond, Virginia, extending upwards along the north bank 

of James river , . . .30 J 

Middlesex Canal; from Merrimack river to Boston harbor 27 " 

Dismal Swamp Canal, connects Chesapeake Bay with Albemarle Sound 22£ 

San tee and Cooper River Canal; from Santee river to Charleston, South Carolina 22 

Cayuga and Seneca Canal; from Geneva to Montezuma, on the Erie Canal 20 

Chesapeake and Delaware Canal; from Delaware City to Chesapeake City — connects 

Delaware river with Chesapeake bay , 14 

Port Deposit Canal ; from Port Deposit, on the Susquehannah river, to the south bound- 

ary of Pennsylvania - 10 

Louisville and Portland Canal, Kentucky . * 3 



[For further statistical tables see pages 23, 24, 25, 26, 41, 42, 43, 44, 157, 158,] 



\PPENDIX. 



459 



INDEX TO THE STATISTICAL TABLES. 



Page 

Population of the different States and Territories, according to five enumerations 23 

Total Population, and the number of Slaves in the United States at different periods, 

with the respective increase 24 

The Population of the several States and Territories in 1830 ; the number of square 

miles; the Population to a square mile, and the number of Slaves in 1830 ib. 

Colleges in the United States 25 

Theological Seminaries in the United States 26 

Medical Schools in the United States ib. 

Principal Officers under the Federal Constitution, &c 41 to 44 

Table exhibiting the Seats of Government, the times of holding the Election of State 

Officers, and the time of the meeting of the Legislature of the several States 157 

Table exhibiting the Governor's term and salary, the number of Senators and Repre- 
sentatives, with their respective terms and pay, and the mode of choosing Electors of 

President and Vice President, in the several States 158 

Imports, Exports, and Tonnage of each State 447 

Compensation to Officers of the Army, &c ib. 

Inspections of Flour, &c « 448 

Table showing the whole quantity of Public Land in the different States, &c ib. 

Table of the Public Debt at different periods 449 

Slaves in the United States at five official enumerations ib. 

Number of persons in the United States 100 years old and upwards 450 

Religious denominations ib. 

Presidential Electors 451 

British Slave Colonies in the West Indies, &c ib. 

British North American Colonies ib. 

Table of the Tribes of Indians remaining within the United States, and the quantity of 

Land claimed by them 452 

Commerce of the United States, for 1830 453 

Commerce of each State and Territory, for 1830 .454 

Navigation of the United States, for 1830 455 

Classification of the Census for 1830 456 

Lengths of the principal Rivers in the United States ib. 

Heights of the principal Mountains in the United States 457 

Lengths of the principal Rail-Roads in the United States ib. 

Lengths of the principal Canals in the United States 453 



460 



APPENDIX. 



PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON THE TABLES. 



1. Which state imports the greatest amount of goods'? 

2. Which next? 

3. Mention the four next in order. 

4. Which state exports the greatest quantity of domestic produce ? 

5. Which next ? 

6. Mention the four next in order. 

7. Which state exports the most foreign produce ? 

8. Which two next in order 1 

9. Which state has the greatest amount of shipping ? 

10. Which next! 

11. Can you mention the four next in order ? 

12. At what place is there the greatest quantity of flour inspected? 

13. What city stands next ? 

14. Mention the four next in order. 

15. What was the quantity of public land belonging to the United States in 1828 ? 

16. At what period was the public debt of the United States the greatest? 

17. To what was it reduced on the first of January, 1832 ? 

18. What was the number of persons 100 years old and upwards, according to the 

census of 1830? 

19. How many of these were people of color ? 

20. Which religious denomination is the most populous? 

21. Which next ? 

22. Can you mention the six next in order ? 

23. Which state is entitled to the largest number of representatives in Congress, and 

how many 1 

24. Which next, and how many ? 

25. Mention the six next in order, and their number. 

26. Mention those states that are entitled to but three representatives. 

27. Mention those entitled to two. 

28. Which state has but one ? 

29. Mention the six states in order that are entitled to the greatest number of electors 

for President, and their respective numbers. 

30. Can you mention the six next, in the same order? 

31. What is the total number of representatives in Congress 1 

32. What is the total number of electors for President? 

33. In which states are the electors chosen by general ticket ? 

34. In which states by districts ? 

35. In which state are they chosen by the Legislature ? 

36. What tribes of Indians reside in Maine 1 — 37. Massachusetts ? — 38. Rhode Island ? 

—39. Connecticut 7— 40. New York ?— 41. Virginia 1—42. South Carolina ?— 
43. Ohio ? — 44. Michigan Territory, and so on ? 

45. From what country do the United States import the greatest amount of goods 1 

46. Which next? 

47. Can you mention the six next in order ? 

48. To what country do the United States export the greatest amount of goods, in- 

cluding domestic and foreign produce ? 

49. Which next ? Mention the six next in order. 

50. What was the total amount of imports into the United States in 1830 1 

51. What was the total value of exports during the same year ? 



APPENDIX. 



461 



STEAM-BOAT AND CANAL ROUTES. 



STEAM-BOAT ROUTES. 



1. Boston to Eastport. 

State. 

Cape Ann Mass. 

Portsmouth N. H. 

Portland Me. 

Bath 

Augusta " 

Hallowell " 

Gardiner " 

Boothbay " 

Owl's Head " 

Belfast 

Castine " 

Eastport " 

2. New York to Boston, 

Via Providence, R. I. 

Hell, or Hurl-Gate N.Y. 

Frog Point " 

Sands' Point " 

Norwalk Island Ct. 

Stratford Point " 

New Haven Light-House ... " 

Faulkner's Island " 

Saybrook Light-house, mouth 

of Connecticut river " 

Off New London " 

Fisher's Island, west end .... " 

Watch Hill Light-House " 

Point Judith R. I. 

Brenton's Point " 

Newport " 

Prudence Island, south end . . " 

Canonicut Point " 

Pawtucket river " 

Providence " 

Pawtucket Falls " 

Attleborough Mass. 

Foxborough " 

Walpole " 

cq Dedham " 

Boston " 



Distance. 

45 



3. New York to Boston 
Via Norwich, Ct. 
Connecticut river, as in No. 2. Ct. 
Mouth of Thames river . 

New London 

Gales's Ferry 

Norwich Landing 

"Jewitt's City 

Plainfield 

Sterling 



103 



Johnson . . . 
Providence 



4. New York to Boston 
Via Hartford, Ct. 
Mouth of Connecticut river, 

as before 

Saybrook 

Lyme 

Haddara 

Middletown 

Wethersfield 

Hartford 

Vernon 

Tolland 

Ashford 

Pomfret 

Thompson 



T3 



81 
145 



45 190 
36 226 



231 
234 



54 288 

48 336 

30 366 

12 378 

140 518 



16 103 
14 117 



118 
139 
148 



10 158 



160 
166 
175 
180 
186 
190 
198 
204 
206 
11 217 
10 227 





14 


117 




4 


121 




5 


126 




9 


135 


it 


8 


143 




7 


150 




4 


154 


R.I. 


11 


165 




7 


172 




8 


180 


Mass. 


41 


221 



Ct 


103 






2 


105 


tt 


5 


110 




10 


120 


u 


12 


132 


tt 


11 


143 




5 


148 




11 


159 




7 


166 


a 


10 


176 




12 


188 




8 


196 


Mass. 


11 


107 



r-3 f Mendon . 
§ j Med way 
^ 1 Dedham. 
pq [Boston .. 



State. 

Mass. 



Distance. 

12 219 

13 232 
12 244 
10 254 



5. New York to Boston, 
Via Netc Haven and Hartford, 

New Haven Light-house, as 
before Ct 

New Haven " 

. fWallingford " 

73 I Meriden " 

£ ^ Berlin " 

>» Hartford " 

w [_ Boston, as before Mass. 



73 
4 

12 
5 
7 

10 
106 



77 
89 
94 
101 
111 
217 



6. New York to New Haven, 
Via Norwalk, Fairfield, Sec. 

Hurl-Gate N. Y. 6 

Sawpits " 28 

Horseneck Ct. 4 

Stamford " 6 

Norwalk " 11 

'Sagatuck " 3 

Fairfield " 5 

Bridgeport * 4 

Stratford * 4 

Milford • 4 

l^New Haven 10 

7. New York to Albany. 

Manhattan ville N.Y. 8 

Fort Lee " 2 

Fort Washington " 1 

Fort Independence " 2 

Phillipstown " 4 

Tarrytown " 10 

Singsing " 6 

Haverstraw " 3 

Stony Point " 3^ 

Fort "Fayette " 1 

St. Anthony's Nose " 5 

West Point " 7 

Cold Spring 

New Windsor 

Fishkill 

Newburg ' 

New Hamburg 

Milton 

Poughkeepsie 

Hvde Park 

Pelham " 3| 84* 

Esopus Landing " 6 90| 

Rhinebeck Landing « \ 91 

Redhook Lower Landing. .. . " 7 98 

Do. Upper do " 3 101 

Clermont « 2 103 

Catskill « 9 112 

Hudson " 5| 117A-, 

Coxsackie " 7J 125" 

Kinderhook Landing " \\ 126J 

New Baltimore " 3i 130 

Coeymans " 2" 132 

Schodac Landing « 3 135 

Overslaugh " 7 142 

Albany " 3 145 

8. Philadelphia to New York, 

Via Trenton, JV. J. 

Bridesburg Pa. 6 

Burlington N.J. 12 18 

Bristol Pa. 1 19 

Bordentown N.J 10 29 

Trenton " 7 36 



10 
11 
13 
17 

27 
33 
36 
39i 
40i 
45A 
7 52} 
31 56" 
4 60 
60| 
61* 
68 

m 

76 
81 



462 



APPENDIX. 



■a t Princeton 

I < Kingston 

i& ( New Brunswick 

Am boy 

Elizabethtovvn Point 

The Kills 

New York 



State. 

N.J. 



N. Y. 



Distance. 

11 47 

3 50 

12 62 

13 75 
13 88 

5 93 

5 98 



N. J. 


29 






10 


39 




4 


43 




3 


46 




9 


55 




11 


66 


N. Y. 


23 


89 



Pa. 


8 






5 


13 




5 


18 




4 


22 


Del. 


8 


30 




5 


35 




10 


45 




4 


49 


« 


6 


55 


Md. 


4 


59 




3 


62 




8 


70 




6 


76 




16 


92 




8 


100 




8 


108 




4 


112 




6 


118 




3 


121 



9. Philadelphia to New York, 

Via Bordentown, §c. 
Bordentown , 

0 c Centreville 

1 < Hi ghts town 

p? ( Cranberry 

Washington 

A'mboy 

New York N. Y. 

10. Philadelphia to Baltimore, 



Lazaretto 

Chester 

Marcus Hook 

Christiana creek 

Newcastle 

Delaware City 

•5 t St. George's 

Summit Bridge ..... 

Chesapeake City 

Mouth of Back creek . . . 

Turkey Point 

Grove Point 

Pool's Island 

Miller's Island 

North Point 

Sparrow's Point 

Fort M'Henry 

Baltimore 

11. Philadelphia to Baltimore. 
Via Newcastle and Frenchtown Rail Road. 

Newcastle Del. 

Frenchtown, by the Rail Road 

Turkey Point 

Baltimore 

12. Baltimore to Norfolk 

Fort M'Henry 

Sparrow's Point 

North Point 

Bodkin Point 

Stony Point 

Sandy Point 

Thomas Point 

Three Sisters 

Herring Bay 

Sharp's Island 

Cove Point 

Drum Point, mouth of Patux- 

ent river 

Cedar Point 

Point Lookout, mouth of the 

Potomac 

Smith's Point 

Windmill Point, mouth of the 

Rappahannock 

Gwynn's Island 

Point No-Point 

New Point Comfort 

Back River Point 

Old Point Comfort 

Fort Calhoun 

Craney Island » 

Norfolk 

13. Baltimore to Richmond. 

To Norfolk, as before Va. 197 

Craney Island " 6 203 

Newport News " 9 212 



Del. 


35 




Md. 


16 


51 




13 


64 




51 


115 


DRFOLK. 




Md. 


3 






6 


9 




4 


13 


« 


4 


17 




4 


21 


M 


6 


27 


«< 


10 


37 




6 


43 




7 


50 




9 


59 




20 


79 




6 


85 




4 


89 


Va. 


17 


106 




11 


117 




21 


138 




7 


145 




6 


151 




9 


160 




12 


172 




10 


182 


« 


1 


183 


it 


8 


191 




6 


197 



TindrePs Shoals. . 

Bun-ill's Bay 

Jamestown Island 
Dancing Point. .. . 

Tree Point 

Windmill Point . . 
Harrison's Point. . 

City Point 

Shurley Ferry 

Osborn 

Warwick 

Richmond 



State. 

Va 



Dlstane& 

8 220 
7 227 

12 239 

9 248 



14. Washington to Norfolk. 



Alexandria D. C. 

Mount Vernon Va. 

Crane Island " 

Sandy Point Md. 

Boyd's Hole Va. 

Mathias Point " 

Cedar Point Md. 

Off Pope's creek, Washing- 
ton's birth-place Va. 

Blackstone's Island Md. 

Piney Point " 

Roger Point Va. 

Smith's Point, mouth of the 
Potomac " 

Norfolk " 



254 
263 
269 
274 
276 



10 286 
20 306 
7 313 



14 

26 
34 
52 
60 
67 

71 
86 
98 
114 

119 

206 



322 



s. c. 


5 




« 


8 


13 




9 


22 


if 


14 


36 




10 


46 




26 


72 




15 


87 


Geo. 


6 


93 




15 


108 



4 
15 
12 
16 

5 

87 



15. Washington to Richmond. 

To Norfolk, as before Va. 206 

Richmond do " 116 

16. Charleston to Savannah. 

Sullivan's Island 

Coffin Land Light-house 

Stono river 

N. Edisto river 

St. Helena Sound , 

Port Royal Entrance 

Calibogue Sound. ...... 

Tybee Light-house 

Savannah , 



17. Savannah to Augusta. 

Onslow Island Geo. 7 

Purisburg S.C. 11 18 

Ebenezer Geo. 10 28 

Sisters' Ferry " 12 40 

Hudson's Ferry " 13 53 

Briar C " 12 65 

Burton's Ferry " 14 79 

Dog Ferry " 25 104 

Grav's Landing S.C. 14 118 

Wallicon's Ferry Geo. 18 136 

Augusta " 4 140 

18. Mobile to Montgomery. 

Florida AI. 33 

Alabama river " 4 37 

Fort Mims " 9 46 

Little river " 13 59 

Claiborne " 38 97 

Black's Bluff « 29 126 

Blacksville " 14 140 

Prairie Bluff " 30 170 

Canton " 12 182 

Portland " 20 202 

Red Bluff " 7 209 

Cahawba " 20 229 

Selma " 17 246 

Vernon " 46 292 

Washington " 15 307 

Montgomery " 13 320 

19. Pittsburg to New Orleans. 

Middletown Pa. 11 

Economy " 8 19 

Beaver " 10 



APPENDIX. 



462 



State. 

Georgetown Pa. 

Wellsville Ohio 

Steubenville " 

Wellsburg Va. 

Warren Ohio 

Wheeling Va. 

Elizabethtown " 

Sistersville " 

Newport Ohio 

Marietta " 

Vienna Va. 

Parkersburg " 

Belpre and Blennerhasset"s I. Ohio 

Troy 

Belleville Va. 

Le tart's Rapids " 

Point Pleasant Va. 

Gallipolis Ohio 

Guyanclot Va. 

Burlington Ohio 

Greensburg Ken. 

Concord Ohio 

Portsmouth " 

Alexandria " 

Vance burg Ken. 

Manchester Ohio 

Maysville, Ken. and Aberdeen Ohio 

Charleston Ken. 

Ripley . Ohio 

Augusta. Ken. 

Neville Ohio 

Moscow " 

Point Pleasant " 

New Richmond " 

Columbia " 

Cincinnati, Ohio, and Coving- 
ton and Newport Ken. 

North Bend Ohio 

Lavvrenceburg In. 

Aurora " 

Petersburg Ken. 

Bellevue " 

Rising Sun In. 

Fredericksburg Ken. 

Vevay, In. and Ghent " 

Port William " 

Madison In. 

New London " 

Bethlehem " 

Westport Ken. 

Transylvania " 

Louisville, Ken. and Jeffer- 

sonville In. 

Falls of Ohio, Shippingsport . Ken. 

Clarksville In. 

Portland, Ken. and New Al- 
bany In. 

Salt river Ken. 

Northampton In. 

Leavenworth " 

Fredonia " 

Stephensport, Ken. and Rome In. 

Troy " 

Rockport <c 

Owenborough Ken. 

Evansville In. 

Henderson Ken. 

Mount Vernon In. 

Carthage Ken. 

Wabash river " 

Raleigh " 

Shawneetown II. 

Battery Rock " 

Cave-in-Rock " 

Kirksville Ken. 

Golconda II. 

Smithland, mouth of the Cum- 
berland river Ken. 



Distance. \ 


13 


42 


7 


49 


20 


69 


7 


76 


6 


82 


10 


92 


11 


103 


3 1 


137 


27 


164 


14 


178 


6 


184 


5 


189 


4 


193 


10 


203 


7 


210 


37 


247 


27 


274 


4 


278 


27 


305 


10 


315 


19 


334 


12 


346 


7 


353 


2 


355 


18 


373 


16 


389 


11 


400 


4 


404 


6 


410 


8 


418 


7 


425 


7 


432 


4 


436 


7 


443 


15 


458 


8 


466 


15 


481 


8 


489 


2 


491 


2 


493 


8 


501 


2 


503 


18 


521 


11 


532 


8 


540 


15 


555 


12 


567 


8 


575 


7 


582 


15 


597 


12 


609 


2 


611 


1 


612 


2 


614 


22 


636 


IS 


654 


17 


671 


2 


673 


32 


705 


25 


730 


16 


746 


12 


758 


36 


794 


12 


806 


28 


834 


12 


846 


7 


853 


5 


858 


g 


864 


11 


875 


10 


885 


5 


890 


15 


905 


10 


915 



State. Distance. 

Paducah, mouth of the Ten- 
nessee river Ken 13 928 

Belgrade II. 6 934 

America " 28 962 

Trinity " 6 968 

Junction of the Mississippi 

and Ohio rivers " 4 972 

Beckwiths Mo. 12 984 

Columbia Ken. 6 990 

Mill's Point " 16 1006 

Hickmanton " 10 1016 

New Madrid Mo. 22 1038 

Riddle's Point " 20 1058 

Little Prairie " 28 1086 

Fulton Ten. 51 1137 

Randolph " 21 1158 

Greenock A. T. 37 1195 

Memphis Ten. 10 1205 

St. Francis river A.T. 72 1277 

Helena " 12 1289 

White river " 60 1349 

Arkansas river " 10 1359 

Villemont " 50 1409 

Princeton Mi. 70 1479 

Sparta La. 82 1561 

Mouth of the Yazoo river. . . Mi. 3 1564 

Vicksburg " 12 1576 

Warrenton " 11 1587 

Palmyra " 7 1594 

Point" Pleasant La. 9 1603 

Rockport Mi. 13 1616 

Bruinsburg " 14 1630 

Rodney ,. " 7 1637 

Natchez " 45 1682 

Fort Adams " 56 1738 

Red river La. 14 1752 

Atchafalaya river " 3 1755 

Tunica Bend " 27 1782 

St. Francisville and Point 

Coupee " 23 1805 

Baton Rouge... " 34 1839 

Bayou Plaquemines " 20 1859 

St. Gabriel's Church " 7 1866 

Donaldsonville " 21 1887 

Gen. Hampton " 8 1895 

Bringiers " .6 1901 

Cantrel's Churches « 6 1907 

Bonnet Quatre Church " 311938 

Red Church " 18 1956 

New Orleans " 21 1977 

20. New Orleans to St. Louis. 

Mouth of the Ohio river 1005 

Elk Island 8 1013 

Dogtooth Island 8 1021 

English Island 14 1035 

Cape Girardeau Mo. 11 1046 

Bainbridge, Mo. and Ham- 
burg II. 10 1056 

Muddy Creek " 15 1071 

Lacouses Island " 16 1087 

Mary's Creek II. 9 1096 

Kaskaskia river " 6 1102 

River au Vases Mo. 10 1112 

St. Genevieve " 9 1121 

Fort Chartres II. 10 1131 

Rush Island " 10 1141 

Herculaneum Mo. 10 1151 

Harrison II. 1 1152 

Marrameck river Mo. 10 1162 

Carondolet *f 12 1174 

St. Louis " 7 1181 

21. New Orleans to Florence, Al. 

Mouth of the Ohio river 1005 

Trinity II. 4 1009 

America " 6 1015 

Belgrade " 28 1043 



464 



APPENDIX. 



State. Distance. 

Paducah, mouth of the Ten- 
nessee river JKen. 6 1049 

Dunal's Ferry « 37 1086 

Ford's Ferry Ten. 29 1115 

Petersville " 5 1120 

Reynoldsburg " 36 1156 

Duck river " 18 1174 

Perryville « 24 1198 

Carrollville <■' 27 1225 

Coffee " 26 1251 

Savannah " 9 1260 

Waterloo AL 25 1285 

Bear creek " 12 1297 

Colbert's Ferry " 14 1311 

Florence " 24 1335 

22. New Orleans to Nashville. 

Mouth of the Ohio river 1005 

America II. 10 1015 

Belgrade " 28 1043 

Paducah Ken. 

Southland, mouth of the Cum- 
berland river " 6 1049 

Eddyville " 56 1105 

Canton " 20 1125 

Dover Ten. 30 1155 

Palmyra " 31 1186 

Red river " 6 1192 

Harpeth river " 20 1212 

Nashville " 40 1252 

23. New Orleans to Natchitoches. 

Donaldsville La. 90 

Baton Rouge " 48 138 

Mouth of Red river « 87 225 

Black river « 28 253 

Bayou Saline " 20 273 

Alexandria " 56 329 

Regolet de Bondieu " 18 347 

Bayou Cane " 36 383 

Natchitoches " 24 407 

24. New Orleans to Mobile. 

Lake Ponchartrain La. 5 

Point Aux Herbes " 20 25 

Lake Borgne " 19 44 

Malhereux Islands " 10 54 

Isles Santa Marie " 15 69 

Cat Island " 10 79 

Ship Island " 6 85 

Round Island « 7 92 

Pascagoula Bay Mi. 9 101 

Mobile, by land Al. 45 146 

25. New Orleans to the Mouth of the 
Mississippi river. 

Fort St. Leon and Woodville. La. 19 

Gentility " 13 32 

Garrets " 4 36 

Plaquemines..... " 6 42 

Point La Hache « 4 46 

Fort Jackson. " 23 69 

Fort St. Philip « 4 73 

Fork of South Pass " 25 98 

Fork of Pass a la Loutre .... " 6 104 

Balize " 5 109 

Frank's Island Light-house, 

and mouth of the Mississippi " 5 114 

26. St. Louis to Franklin and Kanzas river. 

Choteau Island Mo. 10 

Missouri river " 7 17 

Belle Fontaine " 4 21 

Sioux Portage " 7 28 

St. Charles " 12 40 

Femme Osage river " 17 57 

Point Lookoff " 9 66 

Marthasville " 14 80 

Newport " 6 86 

Pinkney... « 7 93 

Loutre Island « 9 102 



Gasconade river ....... 

Osage river 

Jefferson City 

Marion 

Roche river 

Boonville 

Franklin 

River a la Mine 

Chariton 

Jefferson 

Grand river 

Wyaconda river 

Lexington 

Bluffton 

Fort Osage 

Liberty Landing 

Mouth of Kanzas river . 

27. St. Louis to Galena. 

Choteau Island 

Missouri river 

Upper Alton 

Illinois river 

Gilead 

Clarksville 

Louisiana " 

Saverton " 

Hannibal " 

River Fabius " 

Wyaconda " 

Fort Edwards II. 

River des Moines Mo. 

Head of the Rapids 

Henderson's river II. 

Pope's river " 

Fort Armstrong on Rock Isl. . " 

Fever river " 

Galena " 



Distance. 

12 114 



145 
154 



17 171 
9 180 
23 203 



II. 



Mo. 



204 
211 



24 235 

7 242 

19 261 

13 274 

37 311 

18 329 

12 342 

18 360 

15 375 



12 108 

17 125 

7 132 

14 146 

15 161 



174 
183 



13 196 

38 234 

17 251 

47 298 

42 340 

8 348 



28. Galena to Prairie du Chien 

Mississippi river 8 

Galena river Mo.T. 15 23 

TetedeMortC " 9 32 

Grant river , M.T. 9 41 

Cassville " 8 49 

Ouisconsin river " 30 79 

Prairie du Chien « 2 81 

29. St. Louis to Pekin, II. 

Choteau Island Mo. 10 

Missouri river " 7 17 

Upper Alton IL 7 24 

Illinois river " 14 38 

Monroe " 7 45 

Macaupin creek " 10 55 

Mauvaise Terre C " 47 102 

Beard's Town " 15 117 

Sangamoin river " 16 133 

Spoon river " 20 153 

Pekin <« 27 180 

30. Buffalo to Cleveland. 

Sturgeon Point N.Y. 16 

Cataraugus .« 10 26 

Dunkirk " 13 39 

Portland " 18 57 

Burgett's Town Pa. 18 75 

Erie " 17 92 

Fairview " 11 103 

Ashtabula Ohio 28 131 

Fairport « 32 163 

Cleveland " 30 193 

31. Cleveland to Detroit. 

Sandusky Ohio 54 

Cunningham's Island " 12 66 

North Bass Island « 10 76 

Middle Sister Island " 10 86 

Amherstburg U. C. 20 106 

Fighting Island " 6 112 

Detroit M.T. 12 124 



APPENDIX. 



465 



CANAL ROUTES. 



32. Erie Canal. 

State. 

Albany N.Y. 

West Troy 

Junction " 

Schenectady " 

Amsterdam " 

Schoharie creek " 

Caughnewaga " 

Sprakers Basin " 

Canajoharie " 

Bowman's creek " 

Little Falls " 

Herkimer " 

German Flats " 

Frankfort " 

Utica " 

Whitesborough " 

Oriskany " 

Rome " 

New London " 

Loomis " 

Oneida creek " 

Lenox Basin " 

Canastota " 

New Boston " 

Chitteningo " 

Kirkville " 

Manlius " 

Orville " 

Syracuse " 

Geddesburg " 

Nine Mile creek " 

Camillus " 

Canton " 

Jordan , " 

Weed's Port " 

Centre Port " 

Port Byron " 

Lakeport " 

Clyde " 

Lyons " 

Lockville " 

Newark " 

Port Gibson " 

Palmyra " 

Fair Port «• 

Fullam's Basin " 

Pittsford " 

Rochester " 

Spencer's Basin " 

Ogden " 

Adams " 

Brockport " 

Holley " 

Murray " 

Albion " 

Portville " 

Oak Orchard " 

Medina " 

Middleport " 

Lockport " 

Pendleton " 

Tonne wanta " 

Black Rock " 

Buffalo " 

33. Champlain Canal. 

Albany N.Y. 

West Troy " 

Junction " 

Waterford " 

Mechanicville " 

Stillwater « 

Bemus Heights " 

Schuylerville " 

Guard Gates " 

Fort Miller " 

t Edward " 

31 



Distance. 


1 
1 


ry 


Z 


I 


Til 


ovJ 


lb 


ACL 


/ 


DO 


A 

4 


07 


y 


ob 


q 


by 


o 


■79 

tZ 


lo 


CO 


4 


yo 


Z 


y / 


Q 


inn 


in 


lid 
liU 


A 
4 


J.j-4 


q 


1117 


Q 

o 




•7 
/ 


LoZ 


c 
O 


loo 


o 


1/11 

141 


o 
o 


1 A A 

144 


a 
Z 


1 A(X 

14o 


A 

4 


i £n 
1DU 


A 

4 


154 


A 


loo 


4 


162 


3 


165 


6 


171 


z 


173 


G 


179 


1 


180 


c 
O 


1 OK 

loy 


6 


191 


G 


197 


1 


198 


2 


200 


a 
D 


206 


1 1 


Zl I 


y 


223 


b 


Z6Z 


1 


Zoo 


q 
o 


Zoo 


K 

0 


C)A 1 
^41 


11 


252 


2 


254 


a. 
o 


9£n 
Zo\) 


10 


Ziv 


i a 
IV 


^OU 


9 


989 


Q 
O 


Zoo 


r 
O 




D 


295 


2 


297 


a 


qhk 


4 

O 


309 

OI A 

ol4 


1 


Q1 K 
OlD 


O 


"391 

oZL 


1 Z 


OOO 
OOO 


1 


o4U 


1 9 


OKO 


Q 


obU 


q 
o 


obo 


7 




2 


9 


2 


11 


8 


19 


4 


23 


3 


26 


9 


35 


2 


37 


3 
B 


40 
48 



8to«e. Distance. 

Kingsbury.. N.Y. 5 53 

Fort Anne " 

Narrows " 

Whitehall " 

34. Clevf.land to Portsmouth, via Ohio Canal 

Cuyahoga Aqueduct Ohio 

Old Portage " 

Akron " 

New Portage " 

Clinton " 

Masillon " 

Bethlehem " 

Bolivar " 

Zoar " 

Dover " 

New Philadelphia " 

New Comers' Town " 

Coshocton " 

Irville " 

Newark " 

Hebron " 

Licking Summit " 

Lancaster Canaan " 

Columbus, side-cut " 

Bloomfield " 

Circleville " 

Chillicothe " 

Piketon " 

Lucasville " 

Portsmouth " 

35. Schuylkill Navigation 

Manayunk Pa. 

Norristown " 

Phenixville " 

Pottstovvn " 

Unionville " 

Birdsborough " 

Reading " 

Hamburg " 

Port Clinton " 

Schuylkill Haven " 

Pottsville 

Port Carbon " 

36. Union Canal, Pa. 

Reading Pa. 

Bernville 

Stouche's Town 

Myer's Town 

Lebanon 

Tunnel 

Water- Works 

Swatara Aqueduct 

Beaver creek 

Middletown 

37. Pennsylvania Canal. 



7 


60 


6 


66 


6 


72 


Ho 


Oanal 


22 




12 


34 


4 


38 


5 


43 


11 


54 


11 


65 


6 


71 


8 


79 


3 


82 


7 


89 


4 


93 


22 


115 


17 


132 


26 


158 


13 


171 


10 


181 


5 


186 


11 


197 


18 


215 


8 


223 


9 


232 


23 


255 


25 


280 


14 


294 


13 

1. 


307 


8 
9 


17 


13 


30 


14 


44 


4 


48 


6 


54 


10 


64 


23 


87 


4 


91 


12 


103 


5 


108 


2 


110 


4 




15- 


191 




31 


'J? 


35 


9 


44 


3 


47 


3 


50 



4| 54J 
18 72| 
91 82 



Bainbridge 

Middle Town 

High Spire Town . 

Harrisburg 

M'Allister's 1'own. 

Juniatta river 

Millerstown 

Mifflin 

Lewistown 

Waynesburg 

Hamiltonville 

Huntingdon, 

Petersburg 

Alexandria 



Hollidaysburg, by rail-road, 

to John's Town 

Blairsville 

Saltzburg 

Warren 

Alleghany river 

Freeport. 

Pittsburg 



Pa. 


3 




« 


8 


11 




17 


28 


« 


3 


31 




9 


40 




7 


47 




8 


55 




17 


72 




17 


89 




13 


102 




14 


116 




11 


127 




7 


134 




8 


142 




23 


165 


«< 


3 


168 




37 


205 




34 


239 




17 


256 




12 


268 




15 


283 




2 


285 




28 


313 



466 



APPENDIX. 



LIST OF SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL ROADS. 



Washington to Baltimore, Philadel- 
phia, Trenton, New York, New 
Haven,Hu rtford, Providence, New- 
port, Boston, Portsmouth, Port- 
land, Eastport, and Bangor. 

To Bladensburg, Md Miles 

Vansville • 8 

Baltimore 25 

Joppa Cross Roads 18 

Harford 6 

Havre de Grace 11 

North-East, P. 0 10 

Elkton 6 

Christiana, Del 10 101 

Newport 5 106 

Wilmington 4 110 

Naaman's Creek 7 117 

Chester, Pa 5 122 

Darby 8 130 

Philadelphia 7 13? 

Frankford 5 142 

Holmesburg 5 147 

Bristol 10 157 

Morrisville 10 167 

Trenton, N. J 1 168 

Princeton 10 178 

New Brunswick 16 194 

Bridgetown 12 20t : 

Elizabethtown 5 211 

Newark 6 217 

New York, N. Y 9 226 

Harlem 8 234 

West Farms 4 238 

New llochelle 7 245 

Pvye 8 253 

Greenwich, Ct 5 258 

Stamford 5 263 

Norwalk 9 272 

Saugatuck 3 275 

Fairfield 6 281 

Bridgeport 4 285 

Stratford 4 289 

Mi' ford 4 293 

New Haven 10 303 

Meriden 17 320 

Berlin 7 32' 

Hartford 10 33' 

East Hartford 3 340 

Tolland 14 35j 

Stafford Pool 7 361 

Sturbridge, Mass 15 376 

Charlton 6 382 

Worcester 13 395 

Westborough 9 404 

Framingham 11 415 

Newton 11 426 

Roxbury 6 433 

Boston 2 434 



Pawtucket Falls 4 420 

Attleborough, Mass .8 428 

Walpole .8 43fc 

Dedhain ....11 44^ 

Boston 10 45: 



By Pomfret. 

Hartford, Ct 337 

Coventry 15 352 

Mansfield 6 358 

Ashford 8 366 

Pomfret. 11 377 

Thompson 6 383 

Douglass, Mass 8 391 

Uxbridge 5 396 

Mendon 6 402 

Bellingham 6 408 

Med way 6 414 

Medfield 5 419 

Dedham 6 425 

Boston 10 435 



Road by Hartford resumed. 

Boston, Mass 434 

Charlestown 1 435 

Lynn 8 443 

Salem 5 448 

Beverly 2 450 

Wen ham 4 454 

Hamilton 2 45£ 

Ipswich 4 460 

Rowley 4 464 

Newburyport • 8 47 



By Springfield. 

Hartford, Ct 337 

Windsor 7 344 

Suffield, Mass 10 354 

Springfield 11 365 

Palmer 16 371 

Western 8 379 

Brookfield 6 385 

Spencer 7 392 

Leicester .5 407 

Worcester 6 413 

Boston 39 452 

By Providence. 

New Haven 303 

Bran ford 7 310 

Guilford 9 31 

Killingworth 9 328 

Say brook 9 33' 

Lyme 4 341 

New London. 16 35" 

Norwich 14 37J 

Jewett's City 8 37i 

Plainfield 7 386 

Scituate, R. 1 15 401 

Providence 15 416 



Charlestown 12 44(5 

Weathersfield 8 454 

Windsor 9 4&$ 

Hartford 14 477 

Hanover, Dartmouth College 4 481 

Boston to Concord, Dartmouth Col- 
lege, N. H. ; Montpelier, Burling- 
ton, Vt. ; Montreal and Quebec. 

Medford, Mass 4 

Stoneham , 5 9 

Reading , ..3 12 

Andover 8 20* 

Salem, N. H 10 31 

Londonderry 6 37 

Chester... 11 48 

Concord - 15 63 

Boscawen... -» 9 72 

Salisbury 6 78 

Andover 8 86 

Enfield 18 104 

Hanover, Dartmouth College 12 116 

Norwich, Vt 1 117 

Strafford 11 128 

Chelsea 10 138 

Orange 10 148 

Barre 6 154 

Montpelier 6 160 

Middlesex 6 166 

Waterbury 6 172 

Bolton 8 180 

Richmond 5 185 

Williston 5 190- 



Newburxjport to Eastport. 

Newbiiryport 472 

Merrimack Bridge 3 475 

Hampton, N. H 9 484 

Greenland 7 491 

Portsmouth 5 496 

York, Me 9 505 

Kennebunk 18 523 

Saco 10 533 

Portland 15 548 

North Yarmouth 12 560 

Freeport 7 567 

Brunswick 9 576 

Bath 7 583 

Woolwich 5 588 

Wiscasset 8 576 

Alna 5 581 

Newcastle 6 58' 

Waldoborough 12 60!j 

Warren - .7 616 

Thomaston 5 621 

Camden 10 631 

Canaan 7 638 

Northport 5 

Belfast 6 649 

Prospect Landing 6 65; 

Bucksport 12 66" 

Bluehill 17 684 

Surrey 8 

Ellsworth 6 

Trenton 6 704 

Sullivan 6 710 

Goldsborough 7 71 

Steuben 9 726 

Columbia 20 

Jonesborough 9 755 

Machias-bridge 9 764 

Machias, E. Falls 6 

Eastport 30 800 



Washington to Dartmouth College. 

Springfield, Mass 365 

Norths npton 18 373 

Hatfie \ 5 378 

Deerfield 12 390 

Greenfield 4 394 

Hinsdale 11 405 

Brattleborough, Vt. . 9 414 

Putney 9 423 

Westminster 10 433 

Walpole .1 434 



Burlington 8 198 

Colchester . 6 204 

Milton - 8 212 

Georgia 8 220 

St. Albans 4 224 

Swanton .9 233 

St. Johns 34 267 

La Prairie 18 285 

Montreal 9 294 

St. Sulpice 35 329 

Berthier 30 359 

Trois Rivieres 41 400 

St. Ann's 24 424 

St. Augustine 40 464 

Quebec 18 482 

Boston to Albany. 

Roxbury 2 

Newton 7 9 

Framingham 12 21 

Westborough 9 30 

Worcester 9 39 

Leicester 6 45 

Spencer 5 50 

Brookfield 7 57 

Western 6 63 

Belchertown 14 77 

Northampton 16 93 

Chesterfield 14 107 

Hinsdale 17 124 

Pittsfield 9 133 

New Lebanon Springs, N.Y.. 7 140 

Stephentown 9 149 

Schoodic 11 160 

Albany 9 169 

Boston to Greenfield and Brattle- 
borough. 

Lexington 10 

Concord 6 16 

Stow 8 24 

Bolton 7 31 

Lancaster 4 35 

Leominster 7 42 

Westminster 10 52 

Teinpleton 8 60 

Athol 8 68 

Montague 25 83 

Greenfield 7 90 



Athol 



Boston to Brattleborough. 



APPENDIX. 



467 



Warwick 9 

Winchester 7 

Hinsdale. . . • 5 

Brattleborough 6 



77 Washington 

89 
95 



Washington to Richmond, Raleigh 
Columbia, Millcdgeville, Fort Siod- 
dart, Mobile, and New Orleans. 

Alexandria "> 

Occoquan,Va 16 23 

Dumfries 10 33 

Aquia 9 

Stafford 5 

Fredericksburg 11 

Vilfcborougli 14 

Bowling Green • .8 

White Chimnies 13 

Hanover C. H 10 

Richmond 20 

Manchester .--2 125 

Petersburg 21 148 

Billups 9 155 

Harrisville 23 178 

Gholson's 21 199 

Warrenton, N. C 31 23C* 

Lewisburg 25 255 

Raleigh 32 287 

Averysborough 35 



30 611 

Madison 30 641 

M'Mirnville 35 676 

Jefferson 40 716 

Nashville 25 741 

Franklin 18 759 

Duck river 34 793 

Tennessee river '. (19 412 

M'Intoshville, Mis 77 939 

Hu-ntston 220 1180 

Washington 14 1174 

42 Natchez 6 1180 



Fayettecille. 
Winfield, S. 
Greenville 
Camden . . 
Columbia . • 



Edgefield, C. H 56 

Augusta 24 

Louisville 40 

Saundersville 24 

Millcdgeville 24 

Fort Hawkins 31 

Coweta 45 

Point Comfort 56 

Alabama river 149 

Fort Stoddart 20 1005 

.Mobile, by water 40 1045 

Shieldsborough 107 1152 

New Orleans 66 1218 

Washington to Charleston, Savan 
nah, and St. Mary's. 

Fayetteville 347 

Lumberton 23 380 

Pedee river, S. C 60 440 

China Grove 20 460 

Georgetown 22 482 

Santee river 16 498 

Charleston 45 543 

Jacksonborough 33 576 

Pocotaligo 31 60 

Coosawtiatchie 6 613 

Savannah 44 65 

Bryan C. H 15 672 

Midway 12 684 

Riceborough 5 689 

M'Intosh C. H 17 708 

Darien 12 718 

Jefferson 48 766 

St. Mary's 24 790 

Point Petre.... = 3 793 



Homochitto river 20 1200 

Amite river 39 1233 

St. Helena C. H 29 1268 

^.Springfield 10 1278 

93Madisonville... 29 1307 

103 Fort St. John 23 1330 

123 St. John's suburb 4 1334 

New Orleans 2 1338 

Pittsburg to New Orleans, by water 

Mouth of the Ohio 949 

New Madrid 65 1014 

First Bluff 70 1080 

Fort Pickering 63 111; 

St. Francis river 60 1203 

White river 78 1281 

Arkansaw river 14 1295 

Louisiana boundary 102 1397 

Yazoo river 85 1482 

Walnut Hills 14 1496 

Natchez 117 1613 

Fort Adams 62 1675 

Red river 18 1693 

Point Coupee 71 1774 

Baton Rouge 33 1797 

Donaldsonville 57 1854 

New Orleans 83 193' 

English Turn 11 1948 

Fort St. Leon 5 195P 

Gentilly 10 1963 

Fort St. Philip 44 20O 

Balize 33 2040 

Wash i ngton to Albany and Montreal 



Washington to Neio Orleans, 
Knoxville. 



by 



Fredericksburg, Va 58 

Gum Springs 32 90 

Orange C. H 20 110 

Charlottesville 34 144 

New York 20 164 

Staunton 19 183 

Brownsburg 22 205 

Lexington 13 218 

Natural Bridge 14 232 

Fincastle 28 258 

Christiansburg 50 

Wythe C.H 38 348 

Abingdon 58 404 

Bl ou n tsvi 1 le, Ten 24 428 

Rossville 18 446 

Rogersvilie 25 471 

Rutledge 34 505 

Knoxville 33 538 

Kingston 43 581 



Avon 5 228 

Genesee river 4 232 

Caledonia 10 242 

Batavia 10 252 

Buffalo 40 292 

On Lake Erie. 

Erie 100 392 

Grand river 70 462 

Cleveland 30 492 

Sandusky — 57 549 

Maiden... SO 639 

Detroit 18 657 

Albany to Buffalo by Cherry Valley. 

Guilderland 9 

Duanesburg 11 20 

Schoharie 10 30 

Carlisle 6 36 

Sharon 10 46 

herry Valley 6 52 

Springfield 6 58 

Richfield 10 68 

Litchfield 7 75 

Bridewater 5 80 

Sangerfieid .7 87 

Madison .7 94 

Morris' Flats 7 101 

Cazenovia 11 112 

Manlius 8 120 

Buffalo, as above 155 275 



New York city. 

Kingsbridge 5 

Peekskill 31 

Fishkill 20 

Poughkeepsie 12 

Staatsburg 11 

Rhinebeck 6 

Hudson 37 

Kinderhook 10 

Albany 30 

Waterford 11 

Stillwater 9 

Saratoga 15 

Fort Edward 12 

Whitehall 25 

Burlington, Vt. on the lake 70 

Plattsburg 20 

St. Johns 60 

Montreal 21 

Albany to Buffalo, Sandusky, 
Detroit. 

Schenectady 

Amsterdam 12 

Palatine 24 

Manheim 6 

Little Falls 11 

Herkimer 8 

Utica 16 

New Hartford 4 

Vernon 11 

Sullivan 9 

Manlius 11 

Jamesville 7 

Onondaga Hollow 10 

Marcellus 10 

Skeneateles 6 

Auburn 8 

Aurelius 4 

Cayuga 5 

Geneva 13 

Canandaigua 16 

Bloomfield 12 

Lima 5 



Buffalo to Pittsburg. 

Eighteen Mile Creek 18 

Canadaway 47 65 

Erie 33 98 

Waterford 15 113 

Meadville 23 136 

Martin's Ferry 15 151 

Pittsburg 71 222 

Washington to Harrisburg, and 
thence to Buffalo. 

Georgetown 2 

Montgomery, C. H. Md 12 14 

Clarkesburg 13 27 

Fredericktown 15 42 

Crugerstown 12 54 

Emmitsburg 11 65 

Gettysburg, Pa 9 74 

Carlisle 27 101 

Harrisburg 18 119 

Halifax .19 138 

Sunbury 37 175 

Northumberland 2 177 

Milton 11 188 

Muncey 16 204 

Williamsport 11 215 

Tioga 65 280 

Lindleystown, N. Y 10 290 

Painted Post 12 302 

Bath 18 320 

Danville 27 347 

Leicester 17 364 

Batavia 25 389 

Buffalo 40 429 

Washington to Pittsburg and Erie. 

Fredericktown, as above 42 

Middletown .9 51 

Boonsborough 6 57 

Hagerstown 12 69 

Messersburg, Pa 16 85 

M'Conneisburg 10 95 

Crossing Juniatta 14 109 

Bloody Run 6 115 

Bedford 8 123 

Alleghany Mt 23 146 

Somerset J6 162 

Greensburg 36 198 

Pittsburg 30 228 

Franklin 70 298 

HO' Meadville 25 323 

K8 Waterford 25 348 

172 Erie 15 363 

190 Washington to Detroit. 

208! Pittsburg 228 

218|Beavertown 30 258 

223, New Lisbon.. 30 288 



468 



APPENDIX. 



Cuyahoga river 

Cleveland ,..36 380[Bainbridge 19 



.56 AAA\Chillicothe 



• CO 



Sandusky 57 

Fort Meigs 30 

Frenchtovvn 38 

Brownstown 18 

Detroit 18 



.10 



Philadelphia to Pittsburg. 

Buck Tavern 

Downingstown .21 

Gap Hill 9 

Lancaster 23 

Elizabethtown 18 

Micldletown 8 

Harrisburg .9 

Carlisle 16 

Shippensburg 20 

Chambersburg 10 

Loudon 13 

M'Connelsburg. 8 

Pittsburg 133 



Philadelphia to Baltimore, by Lan 
caster. 

Lancaster 6^ 

Columbia 10 75 

York 12 8^ 

Baltimore 48 132 



Baltimore to Pittsburg. 

Hookstown 

Reislertown 12 

Westminster 11 

Taney town 14 

Messersburg 43 

Pittsburg, as above 142 



Ohio river 

Maysville, or Limestone, 

Ken 1 

By Oallipolis. 

Marietta . .. 

Belpre 15 

Troy 11 

Lading Creek 24 

Faii-haven 11 

Gallipolis . ... 4 

Portsmouth. . 44 

Alexandria 2 

Preston 21 

Maysville, Ken 25 

Washington - 4 478 



Washington to Chilliccthc, Frank- 
fort, Vincennes, Kaskaskia, St. 
Louis, and St. Charles, by Pitts- 
burg. 

Pittsburg 229 

Canonsburg 18 247 

Washington 8 255 

Wheeling, Va 32 287 

St. Glairsville, 0 11 298 

Morris Town 10 308 

Washington 24 332 

Cambridge 10 342 

Zanesville 25 367 

New Lancaster 33 403 

Tarlton 18 421 

Chillicothe 18 437 

By Marietta. 

Fairfax C. H., Va 15 

Centreville 9 24 

Goshen 11 35 

Middleburg 9 44 

Paris 12 56 

Millwood 8 64 

Battletown 8 72 

Winchester 6 78 

Cacapon River 20 98 

Romney 25 123 

Western Port, Md 26 149 

Greenclad Creek...- 15 164 

Youghiogeny river 9 173 

Cheat river 27 200 

Gandaysville, Va , ..5 205 

Clarkesburg - , .,31 236 

Marshville .23 259 

Ohio river 57 316 

Marietta, Ohio - . .1 317 

Athens.-....., . ..40 357 



ue Licks 20 

Paris ..21 

Lexington . . . 22 

Versailles ..13 

Frankfort 12 

Shelby vilie ...19 

MiddJeton 20 

Louisville, falls of Ohio .. .12 

Jeffersonville, In 1 

Clarkesville 1 

Vincennes 135 

Kaskaskia, II 146 

?ort Charles 35 

St. Louis, Mo 22 

St. Charles 21 



Washington to St. Louis and St. 
Charles, by Shawncetown. 

Lexington, Ken 541 

Bairdstown * 67 608 

Bealsburg 16 624 

Elizabethtown 10 634 

Hardensburg 37 671 

Yellow Bank 47 718 

Green river 14 732 

Henderson 21 753 

Morganfield 21 774 

Shawneetown, II 15 789 

Salt Springs 12 801 

Big Muddy river 47 848 

Little Muddy river 10 858 

Beaucoup 11 869 

Kaskaskia 49 917 

Prairie du Rocher 14 931 

Cahokia 47 978 

St. Louis, Mo. T 3 981 

St. Charles 21 1002 

Washington to Nashville, Natchez, 
and New Orleans. 

Lexington, Ken 541 

Nicholas ville 14 555 

Lancaster 15 570 

Stanford .19 580 

Greensburg 75 665 

Crossing Little Barren river 12 667 

Blue Spring 10 677 

Glasgow 12 689 

Cross Great Barren river. . .29 718 

Bowling Green 4 722 

Cress Gasper river . . 14 736 

Russellville 14 750 

Springfield, Ten 25 775 

Nashville . 30 805 

Philadelphia to Charleston, S. C, by 
the coast. 

Darby, Pa 7£ 



Chester H , „..,.., 7| 

Naaman's creek, Del 5 

Wilmington 7 

Newcastle 5 

St. George's town 10 

Cantwell's 9 

Duck creek 11 

Dover 12 

Fredericka 12 

Milford 7 

Clowes 13 

Georgetown 8 

Dagsbury 19 

Trap, Md 11 

Snowhill 20 

Horntovvn, Va 16 

Accomac C. H ...15 

Northampton C. H .25 

Norfolk -....60 

Portsmouth — 1 

Suffolk 28 

Constant, N. C 20 

Mitchell 6 

Parker ..5 

Edenton 17 

Cross Albemarle Sound to 

Plymouth 18 

Washington ..32 

Newbern .35 

Trenton 20 

Humphreys 24 

Wilmington .56 

Varennes 80 

Georgetown, S. C 48 

Charleston 62 



106 
114 
133 
144 
164 
180 
195 
220 
280 
281 
309 
329 
335 
340 
357 

375 
407 
442 
462 
486 
542 
622 
670 
732 



Augusta, Oeo. to Lexington, Ken. 
through the Cherokee nation. 

Columbia C. H. Geo 22 

Ray's Mills 13 35 

Washington 15 50 

Lexington 23 73 

Athens 16 89 

Clarkesborough 20 109 

Appalache river 22 131 

Enter Cherokee nation. . . . 

Chatahouchee river 10 141 

Chestato river 5 146 

Elawa river 18 164 

Long Swamp 14 178 

Tocking Rock river 11 180 

Oostanauleeriver,E.Branchl2 201 

Vans 17 218 

Oostanaulee riv. W. branch 17 235 

Amoy river 10 245 

Hiwassee river 8 253 

Tellico 33 286 

Boundary of the Cherokee 

nation 13 299 

Knoxville, Ten 27 326 

Rutledge 33 359 

Oresville 12 371 

Tazewell 13 384 

Powelsville 7 391 

Cumberland Gap 7 398 

Cumberland river, Ken 13 411 

Barbersville 14 425 

Riceton 23 448 

Hazlepatch 8 456 

Mount Vernon 17 473 

Big Hill .5 478 

Richmond 14 492 

Kentucky river 10 502 

Lexington .........14 51Q 



ADDITIONS. 



ACTON, t. York co. Me. Pop. 1,398. c 

ADDISON, co. in the NE. part of Indiana, f 
Pop. 1,000. Chief town, Fort Wayne. 

ALAQUA, t. and cap. Walton co. West r . 
Florida, 161 m. W. from Tallahassee, and 
1,011 from W. r 

ALBION, t. Kennebec co. Me. Pop. 1,393. 

ALEXANDER, t. Washington co. Maine. 1 
Pop. 334. f 

AMHERST, t. Hampshire co. Mass. Pop. 
2,631. Commencement of the college is on j 
the fourth Wednesday in August. There are 1 
three vacations in a year : the 1st, from com- 
mencement, 4 weeks ; the 2d, from the 4th i 
Wednesday in December, 6 weeks ; the 3d, 
from the 3d Wednesday in May, 3 weeks. ] 
The number of volumes in the libraries is 
7,000. Here are likewise an academy, and a J 
seminary called the Mount Pleasant Institu- 
tion for the education of boys : it has 9 in- 
structors, and is justly celebrated. See this < 
article in the body of the book. i 

ANDES, t. Delaware co. N. Y. Pop. 1,859. 

ANCRAM, t. Columbia co. N. Y. Pop. i 
1,533. i 

ANN ARBOR, t. and cap. of Washtenaw 
co. Mich. 42 m. from Detroit, on Huron river. < 

ARKANSAS, co. in the E. part of Arkan- 
sas Territory. Pop. 1,423. Chief town, Ar- : 
kansas. 

ARKANSAS, t. said cap. of Arkansas co. 
is situated on the N. side of Arkansas river, 
114 m. below Little Rock. 

ATHENS, t. and cap. of M'Minn co. Ten. 
153 m. SE. of Nashville, 20 E. of the Ten- 
nessee river, and 572 from W. 

ATLAS, t. and cap. of Pike co. II. on the 
Mississippi river, 148 m. NW. of Vandalia, 
and 929 from W. 

ATHENS, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 729. 

BEDFORD, v. and cap. of Bedford co. Pa. 
Pop. in 1830, 869. 

BELLEFONTE, t. and cap. of Jackson co. 
Al. 172 m. NE. from Tuscaloosa, and 686 m. 
from W. 

BELLE FONTAINE, t. and cap. of Lo- 
gan co. Ohio, 62 m. V/. from Columbus, and 
458 from W. Pop. 266. 

BERRIEN, co. of Michigan. Pop. 323. 
Chief town, Niles. 

BLOOMINGTON, t. and cap. of M'Lean 
co. II. 

BLOOMFIELD, t. Somerset co. Me. Pop. 
1,072. 

BLOOMING GROVE, t. Richland co. Ohio. 
Pop. in 1830, 573. 
BLOUNTSVILLE, t. and cap. of Blount 



co. Al. 110 m. NE. from Tuscaloosa, and 748 
from W. 

BOLIVAR, t. and cap. of Hardiman co. W. 
Tennessee, 158 m. SW. from Nashville. 

BOLIVAR, t. Jackson co. in the NE. cor- 
ner of Alabama, near the boundary of Ten. 

BLOOMFIELD, t. and cap. of Greene co. 
In. 76 m. SW. from Indianapolis, and 648 
from W. It is situated on White river. 

BOLIVAR, t. Monroe co. Mis. in the NE. 
part of the State, a few miles E. of the Tom- 
beckbe. 

BENTON, t. and cap. of Yazoo co. Mis. 64 
m. NW. of Jackson, on the Yazoo river. 

BRANDON, t. and cap. of Rankin co. Mis. 
16 m. NE. of Jackson, and 1,051 from W. 

BUCYRUS, t. Crawford co. Ohio, 60 m. N. 
from Columbus. Pop. 670. 

BULLET, co. Ken. See Bullitt. 
BOWLING GREEN, t. and cap. of Clay 
co. In. 69 m. SW. from Indianapolis, and 641 
from W. 

CALHOUN, co. II. in the W. part of the 
state, on the Mississippi river. Chief town, 
Gilead. Pop. 1,090. 

CARLINEVILLE, t. and cap. Macaupin 
co. II. 95 m. NW. from Vandalia, 861 from W. 

CARLYLE, for "v. Washington co. II." 
read t. and cap. Clinton co. II. 

CARTHAGE, t. Oxford co. Me. Pop. 333. 
CHARLESTOWN, t. and cap. of Clarke 
co. In. 105 m. SE. from Indianapolis, and 583 
from W. It is situated on the Ohio river, 13 
m. below Bethlehem, and is a flourishing vil- 
lage. 

CHESTER, t. and cap. Meigs co. Ohio, 94 
m. SE. from Columbus, 343 from W. Pop. 
164. 

COLUMBIA, t. and cap. of Boone co. Miso. 
56 m. from Jefferson city, 24 E. from Frank- 
lin, and 991 from W. 

COLUMBUS, t. and cap. of Bartholomew 
co. In. 41 m. S. from Indianapolis. 

COLUMBIA, t. and cap. of Marion co. 
Mis. 120 m. SE. of Jackson, on the E. side of 
Pearl river, 1,097 m. from W. 

COLUMBUS, t. and cap. of Lowndes co. 
Mis. 134 m. NE. of Jackson, on the river 
Tombeekbe, near the boundary of Alabama. 
It is 900 m. from W. 

COVINGTON, t. and cap. of Fountain co. 
In. 81 m. NW. from Indianapolis, and 654 
from W. It is on the E. side of the Wabash. 
CRA WFORDSVILLE, t. and cap. of Mont- 
, gomery co. In. 44 m. NW. from Indianapolis, 
and 617 from W. It is on the direct road 
; from Indianapolis to Covington. 



470 



ADDITIONS. 



DAM ASCUS, t. and cap. of Henry co. Ohio, 
161 m. from Columbus, and 485 from W. 

DANVILLE, t. and cap. of Vermilion co. 
II. 150 m. NE. from Vandalia, 683 from W. 
on Vermilion river, near the boundary of In- 
diana. 

DECATUR, t. and cap. of Macon co. II. on 
the Sangamon river, 70 m. N. of Vandalia, 
and 771 from W. 

DEFIANCE, t. and cap. of Williams co. 
Ohio, in the NW. corner of the state, 175 m. 
from Columbus, 511 from W. Pop. 52. 

DELLS, t. and cap. of Alachua co. Florida, 
178 m. SE. from Tallahassee. 

DELPHI, t. and cap. of Carroll co. In. 88 
m. from Indianapolis, and 661 from W. 

EDWARDS.BURG, t. and cap. of Cass co. 
Michigan, 169 m. from Detroit, and 643 from 
W. It is in the SW. part of the territory, 
near the boundary of Indiana. 

EQUALITY, t. and cap. of Gallatin co. II. 
137 m. SE. from Vandalia. 

FAYETTE, t. and cap. of Howard co. 
Miso. 65 m. N. from J. C. and 1,017 from W. 

FARMINGTON, t. and cap. of St. Fran- 
cois co. Miso. 152 m. SE. from J. C. and 912 
from W. 

FERNANDINA, t. and cap. of Nassau co. 
Florida, in the NE. corner of the territory, at 
the mouth of St. Mary's river, 313 m. from 
Tallahassee, and 841 from W. 

FINDLAY, t. and cap. of Hancock co. 
Ohio, 114 m. from Columbus, and 502 from 
W. Pop. 52. 

FULTON, t. and cap. of Calloway co. Miso. 
32 m. N. from J. C. and 967 from W. 

GALENA, t. and cap. of Joe Daviess co. II. 
It is situated in the NW. corner of Illinois, on 
Fever river, a few miles from its mouth, and 
was first settled in 1826. It was originated 
by the extensive and rich lead-mines in its 
vicinity, and was an outpost of between 3 and 
400 miles advance into the wilderness, NW. 
of St. Louis. The population now amounts to 
near 1,000 inhabitants. There are 42 stores 
and ware-houses, and about 250 dwellin 
houses. There is a weekly journal published 
here, and it has a court-house and jail. Fifty 
steam-boat arrivals are the annual average for 
the two last years ; and about ten million 
pounds of lead are annually exported from this 
place. The population in the vicinity is esti- 
mated at 10,000. It is 326 m. NNW. from 
Vandalia, about 350 from St. Louis, and 990 
from W. 

GASCONADE, t. and cap. of Gasconade 
co. Miso. 47 m. E. from J. C. and 939 from W. 

GILEAD, t. and cap. Calhoun co. II. sit- 
uated between the Mississippi and Illinois 
rivers, a few miles above their confluence. 

GREENE, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 85. 

GREENE, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 12 m. S. 
from Norwich, 120 WSW. from Albany. Pop. 
2,962. 

GREENFIELD, t Saratoga co. N. Y. 12 
m. N. from Ballston, 36 N"! from Albany. 
Pop. 3,151. 

GREENFIELD, v. of Highland co, Ohio, 



22 m. W. from Chillicothe, and 74 NE. from 
Cincinnati. Pop. 390. 



GREENFIELD, 
co. In. 21 m. E. from 
from W. 

GREENFIELD, t. 



and cap. of Hancock 
Indianapolis, and 552 

and cap. of Franklin 
co. Mass. on the W. bank of the Connecticut, 
21 m. N. of Northampton, 95 WNW. of Bos- 
ton, and 396 from W. The village is situated 
1J m. from the river, in a pleasant and fertile 
tract of country. It is handsomely built, and 
has considerable trade. Pop. 1,540. 

GREENFIELD, t. of Hillsborough co. 
N. H. 14 m. N W. from Amherst, 35 SW. from 
Concord. Pop. 946. 

GREENLAND, t. of Rockingham co. N. H. 
S. of Great Bay, 5 m. SW. from Portsmouth. 
Lon. 70° 51' W. ; lat. 43° 3' N. Pop. 681. 

GREENOCK, t. and cap. of Crittenden co. 
Arkansas, 168 m. from Little Rock. It is sit- 
uated on the Mississippi river, a few miles 
above Memphis, in Tennessee. 

GREEN RIVER, rises in Vermont, and 
joins Deerfield river, in Deerfield, Mass. 

GREENSBURG, t. and cap. of Decatur co. 
In. 98 m. SE. from Indianapolis, and 523 from 
W. Pop. 1,540. 

GREENVILLE, t. and cap. of Bond co. II. 
20 m. SW. from Vandalia, and 801 from W. 
It is on the great national road. 

GREENVILLE, t. and cap. of Wayne co. 
Miso. 200 m. SE. from J. C. and 908 from W. 

GREENVILLE, t. and cap. of Darke co. 
Ohio, in the western part of the state, 103 m. 
from Columbus, and 501 from W. Pop. 160. 

HARRISBURG, t. and cap. of Conway co. 
Arkansas, 40 m. NW. from Little Rock, and 
1,108 from W. 

HARDY, t. and cap. of Hardin co. Ohio, 
66 m. from Columbus. 

HENNEPIN, t. and cap. of Putnam co. II. 
situated on the Illinois river. 

HILLSBOROUGH, t. and cap. of Mont- 
gomery co. II. 28 m. NW. from Vandalia, and 
809 from W. 

HOLMESVALLEY, t. and cap. Washing, 
ton co. Florida, 121 m. W. from Tallahassee, 
and 971 from W. 

ILLINOIS STATE. The following coun- 
ties have been formed since the last census, 
viz. — Coles, in the E., chief town, Charleston ; 
Cook, in the NE., chief town, Chicago; La 
Salle, in the N., chief town, Ottawa. 

INDIANA STATE. The following coun- 
ties have been formed since 1830, viz. — La 
Porte, in the NW., chief town, Michigan ; La 
Grange, in the NE. ; Huntington, NE. of the 
middle ; Miami, N. of the middle, chief town 
Miamisport ; Grant, in the middle, chief town 
Marion. 

INDEPENDENCE, t. and cap. of Jack- 
son co. Miso. 177 m. W. from J. C. and 1,129 

from W. 

JACKSON, or Davidsonville, t. and cap. of 
Lawrence co. Ark. See Davidsonville. 

JACKSON APOLIS, t. and cap. of Jackson 
co. Michigan, 88 m. W. from Detroit, and 563 
from W. 



ADDITIONS. 



471 



JACKSONVILLE, t. and cap. of Duval co. 
Florida, 252 m. E. from Tallahassee, on the St. 
John's river, near its mouth. 

JACKSONVILLE, t. and cap. of Morgan 
co. II. It is 115 m. NW. from Vandalia, 837 
from W. and about 12 E. of Naples, on the 
Illinois river, in a beautiful and healthy sec- 
tion of country. It is the seat of Illinois Col- 
lege, which was founded in 1829, and has a 
fund of 13,000 dollars, and has from 20 to 30 
students. 

JEFFERSONTON, t. and cap. of Camden 
co. Geo. in the SE. part of the state, 212 m. 
from Milledgeville, and 744 from W. 

LAFAYETTE, t. and cap. of Tippecanoe 
co. In. 70 m. NW. from Indianapolis, and 643 
from W., on the Wabash. 

LEWISTOWN, t. and cap. of Montgom- 
ery co. Miso. 67 m. E. from J. C. and 932 
from W. 

LITCHFIELD, t. and cap. of Jackson co. 

LOGANSPORT, t. and cap. of Cass co. In. 

MACKINAC, t. and cap. of Michillimacki- 
nac co. Michigan, 320 m. NW. from Detroit, 
and 847 from W. 

MACKINAW, t. and cap. of Tazewell co. 
II. 149 m. N. from Vandalia, and 790 from W. 
on Mackinaw river, which flows into the Illi- 
nois river. 

MARIANNA, t. and cap. of Jackson co. 
West Florida, 77 m. NW. from Tallahassee, 
927 from W. 

MAYSVILLE, t. and cap. of Clay co. II. 
46 m. SE. from Vandalia, and 740 from W. 

M'CONNELSVILLE, t. and cap. of Mor- 
gan co. Ohio, 70 m. SE. from Columbus, and 
340 from W. Pop. 267. 

MENOMINIE, t. and cap. of Brown co. 
Michigan, on the W. side of Winnebago Lake. 

MICHIGAN TERRITORY. There have 
been formed in this territory, since the census 
of 1830, 24 counties, viz. — Lapeer, E. of the 
middle ; Sanilac, in the NE. ; Shiwassee, in 
the middle ; Saginaw, N. of middle ; Hillsdale, 
S. of middle ; Jackson, S. of middle ; Ingham, 
S. of middle ; Branch, S. ; Calhoun, SW. of 
middle ; Eaton, SW. of middle ; Kalamazoo, 
W.; Barry, SW. ; Allegan, SW. ; Ottawa, 
SW. ; Oceana, W. ; Montcalm, W. of middle ; 
Isabella, NW. ; Gratiot, in the middle ; Mid- 
land, N. of middle : Gladwin, N. of middle ; 
Aranac, NE. ; Kent, SW. ; Ionia, in the mid- 
dle ; and Clinton, in the middle. 

MICCOTOWN, t. and cap. of Hamilton co. 
Florida. 

MIDDLETOWN, t. and cap. of Henry co. 
Illinois. 

MILLERSBURG, t. and cap. of Holmes co. 
Ohio, in the middle part of the state, 80 m. 
from Columbus, and 341 from W. Pop. 319. 

MISSOURI STATE. The following coun- 
ties have been formed since the last census, 
viz. — Audrain, in the E. ; Clarke, in the NE. ; 
Lewis, in the NE., chief town, La Grange ; 
Ripley, in the SW. ; and Stoddard, in the SE. 

MONTICELLO, t. and cap. of Jefferson 
co. Florida, 29 m. NE. from Tallahassee. 

THE 



MORTONSVILLE, t. Woodford co. Ken, 
20 m. S. from Frankfort. 

MUNCYTOWN, t. and cap. of Delaware 
co. In. 59 in. NE. from Indianapolis, and 546 
from W. It is situated on White river, in the 
E. part of the state. 

NASHVILLE, t. and cap. of Washington 
co. II. a few miles S. of Covington. 

NEWARK, t. Essex co. N. J. Pop. 10,953. 
See this article in the body of the work. 

NEW LISBON, t. and cap. of Columbiana 
co. Ohio. Pop. 1,138. 

NEWMARKET, t. Washington co. Ken. 
65 m. S. from Frankfort, and 600 from W. 
Pop. 43. 

NEWPORT, t. and cap. of Vermillion co. 
Indiana, 86 m. W. from Indianapolis, and 658 
from W. 

NEW MEXICO, t. Washington co. Mis. 
on the Mississippi river. 

NILES, t. and cap. of Berrien co. Michi- 
gan, 179 m. from Detroit, and 651 from W. 
It is on St. Joseph's river, near the SW. corner 
of Michigan. 

NORTH LIBERTY, t. Jessamine co. Ken. 
Pop. 62. 

NORWICH, t. and cap. of Chenango co. 
N. Y. Pop. 3,774. See this article in the 
body of the book. 

PADUCAH, t. M'Cracken co. Ken. 279 m. 
SW. from Frankfort, 817 from W. Pop. 105. 

PATTERSON, t. Essex co. N. J. Pop. 7,731. 
See this article in the body of the book. 
PEORIA, co. and t. N. part of Illinois. 
PITCHER, t. Chenango co. N. Y. Pop. 
1,214. 

PRINCETON, t. and cap. of Washington 
co. Mis. 119 m. NW. of Jackson, and 1,154 
from W. 

SAL VIS A, t. Mercer co. Ken. 21 m. S. from 
Frankfort, and 572 from W. Pop. 78. 

SPRINGFIELD, t. and cap. of Sangamoin 
co. II. 79 m. NW. from Vandalia, and 867 
from W. 

ST. MARY'S, t. and cap. of Mercer co. 
Ohio, in the W. part of the state, 1 11 m. from 
Columbus, and 508 from W. Pop. 92. 

SYDNEY, t. and cap. of Shelby co. Ohio, 
86 m. NW. from Columbus, and 482 from W. 
Pop. 240. 

TARECOOPY, t. and cap. of St Joseph 
co. in the N. part of Indiana. 

THORNTOWN-, t. and cap. of Boon co. 
In. 62 m. NW. from Indianapolis, and 620 
from W. 

VERMILLIONVILLE, t. and cap. of La- 
fayette co. La. 192 m. W. from New Orleans, 
and 1,351 from W. 

VILLEMONT, t. and cap. of Chicot co. 
Arkansas, in the SE. part of the territory, 184 
m. from Little Rock, and 1,134 from W. 

WAPAGHKONETTA, t. and cap. of Al- 
len co. in the W. part of Ohio, 110 m. from 
Columbus, and 507 from W. 

WATERLOO, t. in Canada, on Niagara 
river, opposite Black Rock. 

WEBBVILLE, t. Jackson co. Florida. 
ZOAR, t. Berkshire co. Mass. Pop. 129. 

END. 



I 



